ÿWPCÚ  þ>ã©+Ÿ™’~ÁLXøÃ‚Öc!QÐËÈ”%Í.®@@|žŽÍ ¦ÌÏš621Ëm>…S€“†Éz§ñPI¿ñƒнZ“Õ´õ¾å°gÔNåñ¹:é†Áp×Åý±™R`ø,Eã#ÒÁ—Òü‹t&,GÈê&Sµ`<òî0¸ò?Pdg;A°ñâíA™uTÀ{>KÁèO)Š,•¾p hðœ,E¼ÇÃ0S°ØB‚kk~Eâ­¼—dæšãÿ]ûPK³Ë< ‘Y>HSu2¦_ÐÿlZ®ØqùÕk7~ŽYçãÈçær‚C_DMZÀÉÎ,>[„“ÄE¥Þ¥©psLÍiÛc„Å Yõܶ®DÃ<|“oÌy> €RXxÒ¹&'Iÿàz=âŒ0ýa‰Rq7Ö›€ÏbÚöè*2gžø»“” ×8ßn×µ¯:·ÈTK“Q:à«?6ÜsAG´h‘Mù7¶æñ ‚Ë¥œ@HPE³VÅÅ€7¿g%ÚÏéLªÿç~Õi~8žó¨µ²H×™ŸaÊl°'„ÔMd^$ãtœ3ÿÕý’UQ± ××YÔñr-pñ¹Æ_(‹ð'S¨Yós4¼÷ÉýçoC‰Æ`lK„šHݹu“¢,# hUNs %Á 0(ÇU:ïU:)w@c4£·-Æó&ûU:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! B[[ 0Dx D3¼¼¼¼ AQïÆ@ 0D 0DJ D/Ž B½ ˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÜÏ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular gEhiDjDklDmDnopÓ€ø‚&Ú 3|x{ #Ñ#€Xÿÿd#Ñ Ý ƒ(¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XNëXXXÔÔ€ µRX XNëÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XNëX µRÔÐ  ÐÌò òApril€30,€1999Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôúÍôX XNëÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÿÿdxd'(!)*Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó++'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý›Ñ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€X,_XXXÔòòÔ‡XNëXXX,_ÔÓ  ÓÑ€ úÑñpñœßr€& "<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx$X` ð Úrß›ñpñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÐ `  Ðà@@ÚÚ0ÚàòòÌAT€KNOXVILLEóóÐ , Ì ÐÌOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓéÓÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì à*à D àC.C.A.€NO.€¢03C01£„9803„CR„00117à T$ à€Ð 0 ÐÌà Œ àAPPELLEE,à < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHAMILTON€COUNTYÐ \ü  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àÌ¢VS£.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHon.€Stephen€M.€Bevil,€JudgeÐ (È  ÐÌEARL€DEWAYNE€HOLLOWAY,à ì à*à D à(Second€Degree€Murder)€à ¤ àà ü! àà T$ àÐ ô”  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àÌ€€à Œ àAPPELLANT.à ” àà ì à*Ô#†X,_XXXNëÊ#ÔÔ‡XNëXXX,_Ôà D àà œ àà ô àà L àà ¤ àà ü! àà T$ àÐ À` Ðà Œ àà ä àÔ#†X,_XXXNëÞ#ÔÔ‡XNëXXX,_Ôà < àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à€Ìà Œ àà ä àÌòòÌÌFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌ¢£¢Tom€Landis£à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àJohn€Knox€¢Walkup£Ð ð ÐDoctors€Buildingà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ Öv ÐSuite€327à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àÐ ¼ \ Т£744€McCallie€Avenueà ” àà ì àà D àEllen€H.€PollackÐ ¢!B ÐChattanooga,€TN€€37403à ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ ˆ"( Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D ࢣNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àBarry€A.€SteelmanÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àCourts€BuildingÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àSuite€300Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àChattanooga,€TN€€37402ÌÌ¢£€ÌÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€____________________ÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÔ#†X,_XXXNë¡#ÔÔ‡XNëXXX,_ÔÐ þ8ž/5 ÐÔ#†X,_XXXNëÙ #ÔÌñpñÑ úÑÑ7€œ‹XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ úÑÑ#€Xÿÿd#ÑÑ  ÑñpñÐ Ô:t17 ÐÑ úÑÑ7€œ‹XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑñpñÑ úÑÑ7€—}XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  ÑñpñÌÓÓòòò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óóóÐ P ð ÐÓ§Óà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€Earl€Dewayne€Holloway,€was€convicted€of€secondÏdegree€murder.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€twenty„two„year€sentence€with€a€releaseÏeligibility€at€eighty„five€percent€of€the€term.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„501.€€InÐ ð Ðthis€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€poses€the€following€question:€"will€a€conviction€forÏsecond€degree€murder€stand€where€the€defendant€was€the€victim€of€an€aggravatedÏrobbery€by€the€deceased?"€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€September€5,€1995,€Greg€Vinson,€a€resident€of€the€West€SideÏhousing€project€in€Chattanooga,€encountered€the€defendant€and€Elmonte€Sims,€whoÏsat€in€a€car€parked€in€the€College€Hill€Courts,€a€section€of€the€West€Side.€€When€theÏdefendant,€who€had€known€Vinson€for€several€months,€inquired€whether€anyone€hadÏdrugs,€Vinson€responded€that€he€did€not€know.€€At€that€point,€the€defendant€andÏSims€left€their€vehicle€and€walked€toward€"the€Cut,"€a€narrow€passageway€betweenÏtwo€tall€apartment€buildings.€€A€short€time€later,€Vinson€saw€two€individuals€pointingÏguns€at€Sims.€€The€defendant€was€also€present,€but€no€one€had€pointed€a€weapon€inÏhis€direction.€€The€armed€men€quickly€left€"the€Cut."€€The€defendant€and€SimsÏremained.€€At€that€point,€an€individual€named€Reginald€Hitchcock,€who€appeared€toÏbe€unarmed,€"just€came€out€of€the€blue,"€approached€Sims,€and€began€to€removeÏhis€rings.€€Vinson€attempted€to€stop€the€robbery€but,€before€he€could€intervene,€theÏdefendant€shot€Hitchcock€in€the€back,€thereby€causing€his€death.€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€cross„examination,€Vinson€acknowledged€that€he€had€"done€drugs"Ð P7ð-1 Ðwith€the€defendant€about€a€year„and„a„half€to€two€years€ñ_ñœñ_ñearlier.ñ_ñ›ñ_ñ€€He€alsoÏacknowledged€carrying€a€beeper€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.€€He€testified€that€theÐ  9ª/5 Ðñ_ñœñ_ñentire€incidentñ_ñ›ñ_ñ€took€no€more€than€two€to€three€minutes.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDubois€Montrell€Ross€testified€that€he€lived€near€"the€Cut"€and€hadÏwitnessed€the€shooting€of€his€friend,€Reginald€Hitchcock.€€Ross,€who€ñ_ñœñ_ñat€the€time€ofÏthe€shooting€was€with€the€victim's€brother,€Marlin€Borgne,€œñfñwitnessed€the€ñfññgññfñsñfññgññhñrobbery.€ñhññiññhñ€ñhñstated›Ïthat›€he›Ïsaw›Ïthe›Ïrobbery›Ïtake›Ïplace.›€ñiñ›€HeÏidentified€the€robber€as€his€cousin,€Michael€Franklin.€€Ross€claimed€that€FranklinÏaimed€a€gun€at€œSimsñjñ,ñjñ›€but€not€œñkñat€ñkñthe›€defendant.€€He€testified€that€after€Franklin€left,ÏHitchcock,€who€was€unarmed,€entered€"the€Cut"€and€started€removing€Sims'€rings.€ÏRoss€recalled€seeing€Vinson€push€Hitchcock€away€from€Sims€and€try€to€prevent€theÏrobbery.€€At€that€point,€Ross€saw€the€defendant€come€from€around€the€corner,Ïremove€his€weapon€from€his€belt,€and€shoot€Hitchcock€in€the€back.€€Before€leavingÏthe€scene€of€the€shooting,€the€defendant€pointed€the€gun€at€Vinson€and€Ross.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àRoss€stated€that€he€saw€Wayne€Ware€holding€a€"12„gauge€...€in€hisÏhand."€€When€Ross€told€Borgne€his€brother€had€just€been€shot,€Borgne€retrieved€theÏgun€from€Ware€and€chased€the€defendant.€€When€the€defendant€pointed€the€gun€atÏBorgne,€Borgne€fired.€€The€bullets€struck€the€defendant's€car.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOtis€Smart,€Jr.,€also€witnessed€the€shooting.€€He€recalled€that€he€wasÏwalking€home€from€the€store€when€he€saw€the€defendant€"pull€out€a€gun,€put€it€toÏHitchcock's€back€and€sho[o]t€it."€€Smart€testified€that€the€victim€did€not€have€aÏweapon.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDr.€Frank€King,€the€Hamilton€County€Medical€Examiner,€performed€anÏautopsy€on€the€victim.€€He€concluded€that€the€victim€died€of€a€gunshot€wound€to€theÏleft€upper€œbackñlñ€areañlñ.›€€Dr.€King€testified€that€the€range€of€fire€was€at€least€one€to€two€feetÏfrom€the€victim's€body.€€Test€results€indicated€the€presence€of€cocaine,€marijuana,Ð 8¸.4 Ðand€alcohol.€€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àElmonte€Sims,€who€had€known€the€defendant€for€several€years,€was€aÏwitness€for€the€defense.€€Charged€with€first€degree€murder€for€his€role€in€theÏshooting,€Sims€acknowledged€that€his€trial€date€had€not€been€set.€€He€recalled€thatÏwhen€he€arrived€at€the€defendant's€house€on€the€day€of€the€shooting,€the€defendantÏsaid€that€Vinson€had€been€by€and€had€arranged€a€"deal€for€some€[crack€cocaine]."€ÏWhen€the€three€met€at€College€Hill€Apartments,€Vinson€told€them€he€needed€fiveÏhundred€dollars€but€said€they€could€pay€when€they€were€œableñmñ€toñmñ.›€€He€recalled€thatÏVinson€then€instructed€them€to€return€in€thirty€minutes€because€he€was€still€"cookingÏup€the€drug."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àSims€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€returned€to€meet€VinsonÏaround€6:15€p.m.,€when€a€"bunch€of€guys€jumped€out€from€behind€the€building€withÏguns."€€One€individual€approached€Sims€carrying€a€rifle.€€Sims€recalled€that€he€saw€aÏshotgun,€a€small€revolver,€and€a€pistol€with€the€trigger€guard€missing.€€HeÏremembered€that€the€person€with€the€shotgun€stole€the€money€from€his€pockets.€ÏSims,€who€admitted€that€he€carried€a€gun€with€him€at€that€time,€testified€that€as€oneÏof€the€assailants€held€a€small€caliber€weapon€against€the€defendant's€head,€anotherÏheld€a€weapon€to€his€head.€œñnñ€ñnñHe›€claimed€that€Reginald€Hitchcock€then€arrived,Ïpointing€a€pistol€at€Sims€and€the€defendant.€€Sims€stated€that€Hitchcock€thenÏremoved€his€necklace.€€When€one€of€the€assailants€left€the€area,€he€passed€hisÏweapon€to€Michael€Franklin.€€Sims€testified€that€when€Hitchcock€ran€towards€himÏwith€the€pistol€aimed€in€his€direction,€the€defendant€intervened,€shooting€Hitchcock.€ÏSims€stated€that€he€and€the€defendant€then€left€the€area€as€quickly€as€possible.€€€€ÌÌÔ‡X*úXXX*úÔà Œ àà ä àOn€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÐ 8¸.4 Ðview€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€ÏòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€theÐ , Ì Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflictsÏin€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575Ð Äd ÐS.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏchallenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€lightÏmost€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2dÐ ô”  Ð405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àÔ#†X*úXXX*úf'#ÔBy€use€of€these€guidelines,€we€must€conclude€that€the€evidence€isÐ Xø Ðsufficient€to€support€the€defendant's€conviction.€€Ô‡X*úXXX*úÔAt€the€time€of€the€offense,€secondÐ $Ä Ðdegree€murder€was€defined€as€a€"knowing€killing€of€another."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„210(a).€€Our€code€defines€"knowing"€as€follows:ÌÒXÒÒä 4ÒÓÓ"Knowing"€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€withÏrespect€to€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surroundingÏthe€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€ofÏthe€conduct€or€that€the€circumstances€exist.€€A€personÏacts€knowingly€with€respect€to€a€result€of€the€person'sÏconduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€isÏreasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.€€ÌÌÒ4ä Ê,ÒÒX¼,ÒÓØ,ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àÔ#†X*úXXX*úÝ+#ÔThe€defendant€argues€that€"as€a€matter€of€law€this€homicide€cannot€beÐ P-ð#( Ðmore€than€voluntary€manslaughter."€€He€contends€that€the€robbery€qualified€asÏ"adequate€provocation"€and€that€he€was€in€a€justifiable€state€of€passion€when€theÏshooting€occurred.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€witnesses€for€the€state,€however,€testified€that€the€defendantÏpulled€his€weapon€and€shot€the€unarmed€victim€in€the€back€at€a€close€range.€€It€wasÐ 8¸.4 Ðthe€jury's€prerogative€œñoñto€ñoñaccredit›€the€entire€testimony€and€theory€of€the€state€that€theÏvictim€was€unarmed€and€not€a€threat€to€the€defendant.€€The€state€witnesses€testifiedÏthat€Sims€was€the€victim€of€the€robbery,€not€the€defendant.€€That€presented€a€factualÏissue.€€"When€the€evidence€is€conflicting,€the€jury€must€resolve€these€conflicts,€underÏproper€instructions,€and€decide€whether€the€homicide€is€murder€or€manslaughter."€ÏòòState€v.€Robert€Zandióó,€No.€02C01„9703„CC„00122,€slip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð \ü  Ðat€Jackson,€Jan.€15,€1998).€€Here,€the€trial€judge€provided€instructions€onÏmanslaughter,€self„defense,€and€defense€of€another.€€The€jury€rejected€each€ofÏthose€alternatives€and€concluded€the€defendant€had€committed€a€"knowing€killing"Ïand€was€thus€guilty€of€second€degree€murder.€€This€court€may€not€reweigh€theÏevidence€nor€substitute€its€own€view€for€that€properly€reached€by€the€finder€of€fact.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à__________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌThomas€T.€Woodall,€Judge