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B](ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX    E P E  E  Õ Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|x ((3 Þ$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó($¡¡(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd< Œ 9p`(Arial€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÖÝ ƒ !ÝÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌMarch€27,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó####'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÝ  Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€In€òòPenningtonóó€the€concurring€judge€concurred€in€results€only.€€There€was€a€strongÏà àdissenting€opinion€by€the€other€judge.Ì ¯Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÝ  Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Thurmonóó,€1996€WL€594085,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9512„CR„00375,€ShelbyÏà àCounty€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€October€17,€1996,€at€Jackson)€holding€that€the€detentionÌà àof€a€DUI€defendant,€under€the€facts,€was€remedial€and€needed€to€protect€the€public€and€Ìà àthe€defendant.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ H ÒÑ\R AØ'\Ñò òœÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÔ€'ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€()&A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌOCTOBER€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9603„CC„00096Ìà àó óAppellee,ò òà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDICKSON€COUNTY€ÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€LEONARD€W.€MARTIN,Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌJAMES€E.€IRWINà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó ó(Driving€under€the€Influence)ò òÌà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòó óFOR€THE€APPELLANTò òóó:à àà àà àà àòòó óFOR€THE€APPELLEEò òóó:ÌÌMICHAEL€J.€FLANAGANà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌó ó95€White€Bridge€Rd.à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌSuite€208ò òÌó óNashville,€Tennessee€37201ò òà àà àà àEUGENE€J.€HONEAÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDAN€M.€ALSOBROOKSÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSUZANNE€LOCKERT€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óAsst.€District€Attorney€Generalò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óP.O.€Box€580Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCharlotte,€Tennessee€37036ò òÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJ.€STEVEN€STAFFORD,ÌSPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÑ7€ÔMXdìdì7ÑÌÓ  ÓOPINIONÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àó óDefendant€Irwin€pled€guilty€to€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicantÏ(DUI),€was€fined€$350€and€received€eleven€(11)€months€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days,Ïall€of€which€was€suspended€except€forty„eight€(48)€hours.€€With€the€consent€of€theÏstate€and€the€trial€court,€Irwin€explicitly€reserved€a€certified€question€of€law€pursuantÏto€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€37€œ(b)(2)(i).›€The€certified€question€of€lawÏfor€our€review€is€ð ðwhether€or€not€the€detention€of€the€defendant€in€this€case,€underÏthe€policy€of€the€Dickson€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€constitutes€punishment€so€asÏto€preclude€further€prosecution€on€double€jeopardy€grounds€or€violates€theÏdefendantððs€due€process€rights.ðð€The€trial€court€denied€Irwinððs€motion€to€dismiss.€ÏWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà àà àFACTSÌÓ  ÓÌà àOn€the€afternoon€of€February€25,€1995,€Sergeant€John€Patterson€stoppedÏIrwin€for€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€Sgt.€Patterson€administeredÏthree€field€sobriety€tests,€all€of€which€Irwin€failed€to€complete.€€Sgt.€Patterson€noticedÏthat€Irwin€had€slurred€speech,€bloodshot€eyes€and€alcohol€on€his€breath.€€Sgt.ÏPatterson€later€discovered€a€half€empty€pint€bottle€of€vodka€underneath€theÏpassenger€seat€of€Irwinððs€car.€€€After€being€informed€that€he€was€under€arrest€œfor›Ïdriving€under€the€œinfluence,›€Irwin€became€verbally€abusive.€€He€began€cursingÏPatterson,€calling€him€names,€threatening€to€sue€for€arresting€him€and€saying€heÏwas€going€to€have€Pattersonððs€badge€and€job.€€Based€on€the€above€behavior€andÏhis€experience€with€alcohol€related€arrests,€Sgt.€Patterson€concluded€that€Irwin€wasÏð ðvery€intoxicated.ððÌà àIrwin€was€taken€to€the€Dickson€County€Sheriffððs€Department€where€he€wasÏð ðbooked€inðð€at€€2:15€p.m.€€When€Irwin€was€delivered€to€the€jail,€he€continued€toÏdisplay€the€same€verbally€abusive€behavior.€€€He€refused€to€take€an€intoximeter€œtest.›€ÏAlthough€Irwinððs€wife€came€to€the€jail€shortly€after€his€arrest,€she€was€informed€thatÏshe€was€not€allowed€to€see€œhim,›€nor€was€she€allowed€to€post€bond€at€that€time.€ÏIrwin€was€later€permitted€to€call€to€a€bonding€company€at€approximately€7:45€p.m.€ÏHe€was€released€from€custody€at€approximately€8:05€p.m.€€Ìà àIrwin€was€subsequently€indicted€for€driving€under€the€influence.€€He€then€filedÏa€motion€to€dismiss€asserting€that€€ð ðthe€[DUI]€prosecution€[was]€barred€by€theÍprotection€against€Double€Jeopardy.ðð€€œSheriff›€Tom€œWalls›€testified€œat€the€evidentiaryÏhearing€regarding›€the€policy€of€œdetaining›œ€›œt›œh›œo›œs›œe›€charged€with€DUI€for€a€minimum€ofÏsix€(6)€hours.€€Sheriff€Walls€also€testified€that€the€underlying€purpose€of€the€policy€isÏpublic€safety.€€Ìà àIn€addition,€Sgt.€Patterson€testified€as€to€Irwinððs€verbal€abuse€and€intoxicationÏat€the€time€of€and€subsequent€to€the€arrest.€€Based€on€the€testimony,€the€trial€judgeÏconcluded€that€there€was€no€abuse€of€Irwinððs€individual€rights€and€that€his€detentionÏserved€a€legitimate€governmental€function.ÌÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà àPENNINGTONÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€crux€of€Irwinððs€argument€hinges€upon€a€recent€decision€of€this€court,ÏòòState€v.€Penningtonóó,€1996€WL€38107,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9307„PB„00219,€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€filed€February€1,€1996,€at€Nashville)€òòperm.€to€app.€grantedóó€July€1,€1996,Ïwherein€we€held€that€a€defendantððs€post€arrest€detention€without€prior€adjudicationÏcould€operate€as€punishment€for€the€charged€offenses€and€thus€violate€the€DoubleÏJeopardy€Clause€of€the€Fifth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution,€as€wellÏas€Article€I,€Section€10,€of€the€Tennessee€State€Constitution.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Irwin€argues,€basedÏon€òòPenningtonóó,€that€blanket€policies€of€holding€persons€in€custody€for€set€periods€ofÏtime€are€unconstitutional.€€Ìà àIn€òòPenningtonóó,€the€defendant€was€placed€on€a€mandatory€ð ðtwelve€hour€œholdðð›Ïsoley€because€he€refused€to€submit€to€a€breath€alcohol€test.€€There€were€also€threeÏwitnesses€who€were€not€impaired€and€prepared€to€take€custody€of€the€defendant€atÏthe€time€of€his€arrest.Ìà àÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà àDETENTION€POLICY€AS€PUNISHMENTÌÌÓ  Óà àIrwin€contends€that€the€six€hour€(6)€detention€policy€and€the€subsequentÏindictment€violate€Article€I,€Section€10€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€as€well€as€theÏFifth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€protecting€persons€from€multipleÏpunishments€for€the€same€offense.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€524€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.Ï1975).€He€specifically€argues€that€the€six€(6)€hour€detention€imposed€by€the€DicksonÏCounty€œ›œS›œh›œe›œr›œi›œf›œf›œðð›œs›€Department€prior€to€being€admitted€to€bail€was€punishment;Ïtherefore,€further€prosecution€is€prohibited.Ìà àIn€making€a€determination€whether€confinement€in€a€particular€case€isÏð ðpunishmentðð,€€òòDoe€v.€Norrisóó,€751€S.W.2d€834,€839€(Tenn.€1988)€provides€someÏguidance.€€A€court€must€decide:ÌÓÓà àà à€ð ðwhether€the€confinement€is€imposed€for€the€purpose€Ìà àà àof€punishment€or€whether€it€is€an€incident€of€a€legitimate€Ìà àà àgovernmental€purpose.€€Where€...€no€showing€of€an€express€Ìà àà àintent€to€punish€is€made€...€œwill›€turn€on€ððwhether€an€alternative€Ìà àà àpurpose€to€which€[the€restriction]€may€rationally€be€Ìà àà àconnected€is€assignable€for€it,€and€whether€it€appears€Ìà àà àexcessive€in€relation€to€the€alternative€purpose€assigned.ðððð€ÌÌÓÓòòIdóó.€(òòcitingóó€òòBell€v.€Wolfishóó,€441€U.S.€520,€99€S.Ct.€1861,€1874,€60€L.Ed.2d€447€(1979)Ïòòquotingóó€òòKennedy€v.€Mendoza„Martinezóó,€372€U.S.€144,€168„69,€83€S.Ct.€554,€567„568,€9€L.Ed.2d€644€(1963))€.Ìà àIf€the€state€action€is€remedial€and€not€intended€to€inflict€punishment€as€aÏmeans€of€vindicating€public€justice,€the€double€jeopardy€clause€serves€as€noÏprotection.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Coolidgeóó,€915€S.W.2d€820,€823€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995)(òòcitingóó€òòState€v.€Conleyóó,€639€S.W.2d€435€(Tenn.€1982);€òòKennedy€v.€Mendoza„Martinezóó,€372€U.S.€144,€83€S.Ct.€554,€9€L.Ed.2d€644€(1963)).€€Courts€may€infer€thatÏthe€restriction€is€punitive€in€nature€unless€it€is€related€to€a€legitimate€governmentalÏpurpose.€€òòIdóó.€€The€initial€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€make€a€threshold€showing€ofÏdouble€jeopardy.€€òòIdóó.€(citations€omitted).€€That€determination€will€depend€on€1)Ïwhether€the€detention€served€an€alternative€purpose,€and€2)€whether€that€detentionÏœw›œa›œs›€excessive€in€relation€to€the€purpose.€€òòIdóó.€at€824.ÌÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà àANALYSISÌÌÓ  Óà àWe€need€not€reach€the€constitutional€issue€presented€in€òòPenningtonóó;€namely,Ïwhether€post€arrest€detention€pursuant€to€a€policy€of€mandatory€detention€for€aÏprescribed€period€of€time€can€serve€as€a€double€jeopardy€bar€to€continuedÏprosecution.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€judgeððs€assessment€that€the€facts€in€the€instantÏcase€and€the€facts€in€òòPenningtonóó€are€far€apart.Ìà àThe€trial€judge€made€the€following€factual€findings:ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à.€.€.€.ÌÌà àà àà àIn€this€particular€case,€what€I€was€listening€for€Ìà àà àwas€factual€information€which€would€show€that€thisÌà àà àparticular€case,€this€individualððs€rights€were€being€abused,Ìà àà àand€that€it€was€not€necessary€for€the€purpose€of€Ìà àà àprotecting€the€public,€i.e.,€that€when€his€wife€went€in€to€Ìà àà àget€him,€she€was€a€responsible€person€who€was€offering€Ìà àà àto€bail€him€out€and€take€care€of€him.€€Instead,€what€Iððve€Ìà àà àheard€is€testimony€that€he€was€very€intoxicated,€that€he€Ìà àà àwas€very€abusive,€that€he€was€making€improper,€Ìà àà àthreatening€sort€of€statements,€and€her€impression€was€Ìà àà àthat€he€had€just€been€arrested,€that€she€had€gone€up€Ìà àà àthere€shortly€after€that.€€He€called€her€and€said,€I€have€Ìà àà àjust€been€arrested,€come€and€get€me.€€And€we€know€Ìà àà àthat€he€checked€in€up€there€sometime€around€2:15.€€Ìà àà àSo€we€donððt€have€any€showing,€in€this€record,€Ìà àà àwhatsoever,€that€at€that€time€he€wasnððt€œ[sic]€in›€shape€to€be€Ìà àà àgoing€anywhere€with€anybody,€including€his€wife.€€We€Ìà àà àdonððt€have€any€showing€that€it€would€have€been€safe€Ìà àà àto€do€that.Ìà àà àà àNeither€do€we€have€any€sort€of€showing,€at€Ìà àà àsome€other€point€in€time,€that€there€was€either€the€Ìà àà àopportunity€or€the€safety€for€releasing€him€prior€to€Ìà àà àwhen€she€went€back€to€get€him€that€night€at€œ8:05›€.€.€.€.ð ðÌÌÌÓÓà àThese€factual€findings€are€conclusive€upon€this€Court€unless€the€evidenceÏcontained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€those€findings.€€òòState€v.€Binionóó,€900ÏS.W.2d€702€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€The€record€clearly€supports€these€findings.€Ïœà àThe›€hold€placed€on€the€defendant€was€not€punitive€in€nature.€€There€wasÏample€testimony€regarding€Irwinððs€intoxicated€state€at€the€time€of€his€arrest€and€hisÏsubsequent€abusive€behavior.€€Clearly,€there€was€a€legitimate€governmentalÏpurpose€in€holding€Irwin€until€he€obtained€sobriety.€€He€had€refused€a€test€that€couldÏassist€officers€in€more€precisely€determining€his€degree€of€intoxication.€€ReleasingÍIrwin€after€determining€that€he€was€ð ðvery€intoxicatedðð€could€have€endangered€theÏpublic€as€well€as€Irwin.€€Detention€for€the€purpose€of€detoxication€may€serve€aÏlegitimate€governmental€purpose.€€òòCoolidgeóó,€òòsupraóó.€€Irwin€was€properly€œdetained;›œÏ›œt›œh›œe›œr›œe›œf›œo›œr›œe,€the›€trial€judge€properly€denied€the€motion.œ× ƒ, ××  ×›€€€Ìà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à___________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJ.€STEVEN€STAFFORD,€SPECIAL€JUDGEò òÌÌó óÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌ