ÿWPC-( ï|¼[Á:Q•œ¢)$cÏ›žJÍ?/ÈRÂC‹Ôo(«cðÙAáß,Ž 7bê(Åá´Ä™Ýܦõ3@3Þ‰j¾ãÅ6W-iäu¹¾é»¶ý$(J²ÇBÿ0*bé\$Ô–K—K/»ÒàZá±~ê8—©È£ÜDÎ4kAÄÔŸ+ÆsãB™v½~À£õ i-;"†¤ Þ_Ÿ/(ý# •ªÑô&Ÿw”È!4胃h¨\¹ ’%+J;úŽž‚ ÍìüíG…/üü³OóÃS§¹¥fßȹ$ŠÈ¾Ds'Ó9«GF#_|)˜B–sU®‰(ÝEã0·›– HðúƒqÀúx.‚EŸo£ˆ—ï BT­a­‘þD®*È%¾n˜ Bp=‹îf„Or£VÝê9X„›C›ÙHNHÖºlìÁoÎ/ñvYÍË/}^ ÛÃ4hrò°®n0ûã\\`½k)Å»šv˜‡| ҡʬ:}1«†( <.®%G‹ .’ –é…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í L w@S 4“ § ¶ ŠÓ O]¬ ´U:½UN÷ôEU:93sU:¦ àU:U::U:t(®U:Ö Ö f!U:v$v$U:°$°$°$°$°$ Bê$ê$ê$ê$ê$ê$ D3%%% 0D:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:%:% 0 Æ~% 0DD&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D&D& AOˆ&Æ×&×& 0D' D/á' B(˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT JKLM{NOP*eQRUSÓ€ƒƒ '|x^ Ý ƒ\Š£$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XJXXXÔÔ€ôµæôXXJÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôµæôôôµæÔThe€Third€Judicial€District€encompasses€Greene,€Hamblen,€Hancock,€and€Hawkins€Counties. €Ý ƒ\Š£$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XJXXXÔÔ€ôµæôXXJÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ôµæôôôµæÔThe€record€includes€three€orders€by€the€trial€court,€dated€October€15,€1998,€December€28,Ð `  Ð1998,€and€January€12,€1999,€and€an€affidavit€by€appellantsðð€counsel.€€The€December€and€JanuaryÏorders€and€the€affidavit€were€submitted€to€this€court€as€attachments€to€the€appellantsðð€Motion€for€StayÏPending€Appeal.€€This€court€stayed€execution€of€the€trial€courtððs€October€and€December€ordersÏpending€the€resolution€of€this€appeal.€€ EÝ ƒ\Nã$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŒXXXÔÔ€ô˜ôXXŒÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô˜ôôô˜ÔThe€trial€court€subsequently€informed€the€appellants€by€telephone€that€the€order€would€beÐ `  Ðeffective€January€15,€1999. ÿÝ ƒ\¨$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô}4 ôXXÔÔ‡ôXÕ ô ôô}4ÔAlthough€the€October€order€was€applicable€to€all€bail€bond€companies,€the€record€reflects€thatÐ `  Ðthe€trial€court€entered€the€order€solely€for€the€purpose€of€addressing€its€concerns€about€insuranceÏcompanies.€€The€record€includes€no€expression€of€concern€about€private,€non„insurance€bail€bondÏcompanies€other€than€the€trial€courtððs€desire€to€create€a€ð ðlevel€playing€fieldðð€for€all€bail€bondÏcompanies.€€Indeed,€the€trial€court€suggested€in€its€January€order€that€private,€non„insurance€bail€bondÏcompanies€were€already€effectively€subject€to€limitations€imposed€by€the€October€order.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular êÝ ƒ\Nã$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŒXXXÔÔ€ô˜ôXXŒÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô˜ôôô˜ÔIn€contrast,€in€òòState€v.€AAA€Aaronððs€Action€Agency€Bail€Bonds,€Inc.óó,€No.€01C01„9710„CR„Ð `  Ð00462,€1998€WL€670392,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€September€30,€1998),€we€concludedÏthat,€in€authorizing€òòanyóó€bail€bond€company€to€engage€in€the€bail€bond€business,€a€court€effectivelyÐ ð  Ðgrants€a€company€a€right€to€pursue€that€business.€€Thus,€in€addition€to€statutory€mandates,€proceduralÏdue€process€requires€that€a€company€be€provided€notice€and€the€opportunity€to€be€heard€prior€to€theÏdeprivation€of€its€right€to€engage€in€the€bail€bond€business.€€òòId.óó€at€**3„4.€€Significantly,€this€courtððsÐ H è Ðopinion€was€not€addressed€solely€to€insurance€companies€underwriting€bail€bonds.€€Thus,€dependingÏupon€the€extent€to€which€a€local€rule€of€court€constituted€a€deprivation€of€a€bail€bond€companyððs€rightÏto€engage€in€the€bail€bond€business,€both€insurance€companies€and€private,€non„insurance€bail€bondÏcompanies€might€be€entitled€to€notice€and€a€hearing€pursuant€to€principles€of€due€process.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular )Ý ƒ\Nã$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŒXXXÔÔ€ô˜ôXXŒÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô˜ôôô˜ÔA€defendant€may€also€post€his€own€bail€bond€under€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€40„11„118€(1997),Ð `  Ðdepositing€with€the€court€a€sum€of€money€in€cash€equal€to€the€amount€of€bail.€€However,€the€executionÏof€a€ð ðððsecuredðð€appearance€bondðð€is€a€more€common€practice.€€òòState€v.€Clementsóó,€925€S.W.2d€224,Ð ð  Ð225€(Tenn.€1996).€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô€XJXXXÔÔ€î[ìîXXJÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€¥Ú îî[ìÔÐ  ÐÌò òAugust€17,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôµæô ¥ÚÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ\Nã$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŒXXXÔÔ€ô˜ôXXŒÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ô˜ôôô˜ÔAlthough€the€October€order€was€applicable€to€all€bail€bond€companies,€the€record€reflects€thatÐ `  Ðthe€trial€court€entered€the€order€solely€for€the€purpose€of€addressing€its€concerns€about€insuranceÏcompanies.€€The€record€includes€no€expression€of€concern€about€private,€non„insurance€bail€bondÏcompanies€other€than€the€trial€courtððs€desire€to€create€a€ð ðlevel€playing€fieldðð€for€all€bail€bondÏcompanies.€€Indeed,€the€trial€court€suggested€in€its€January€order€that€private,€non„insurance€bail€bondÏcompanies€were€already€effectively€subject€to€limitations€imposed€by€the€October€order.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ý ƒ\Nã$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XŒXXXÔÔ€ô˜ôXXŒÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ô˜ôôô˜ÔIn€addition€to€requiring€the€deposit€of€security€with€the€trial€court,€the€October€order€imposed€aÐ `  Ðcap€on€the€amount€of€bail€bonds€that€can€be€underwritten€by€any€one€bail€bond€company.€€Both€òòIn€reÐ Ö v ÐIndemnity€Insurance€Company€of€North€Americaóó€and€òòIn€re:€International€Fidelity€Insurance€CompanyóóÐ ž > Ðonly€addressed€the€former€requirement.€€However,€we€conclude€that€the€substantive€rights€announcedÏin€those€cases€would€apply€equally€to€the€imposition€of€caps€on€the€total€amount€of€bail€bonds€that€canÏbe€underwritten€by€insurance€companies€in€good€standing€with€the€Department€of€Commerce€andÏInsurance.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d$$$$'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(v(2Š£$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XJXXXÔÔ€ôµæôXXJÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñPñ›ñPññPñ›ñPñÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xü0XXXÔÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑò òòòÑ7€œýXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑñSñœßr€*<,(j 8 `€€@Ehf  tt0" ` ¨Ørß›ñSñà@Q Q ÚàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌà@üü*ÚàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌóóÌà@ØØ'ÚàAPRIL€1999€SESSIONó óˆÐ  À ÐÌÌÌò òIN€RE:€INTERNATIONAL€FIDELITYà D à*ó óà œ àC.C.A.€03C01„9811„CR„00398Ð à€ Ðò òINSURANCE€COMPANY,€NATIONALÐ Ðp  ÐAMERICAN€INSURANCE€COMPANY,à D à*à œ àó óGreene,€Hamblen,€Hancock,€andò òÐ À`  ÐAND€THE€NATIONAL€ASSOCIATIONà D àà œ àó óHawkins€Countiesò òÐ °P  ÐOF€BAIL€INSURANCE€COMPANIES,à D à*ó óà œ àò òÐ  @  ÐON€BEHALF€OF€ITS€MEMBERÌCOMPANIES€UNDERWRITING€BAILà D à*à œ àó óHon.€James€E.€Beckner,€Judgeò òÐ €  ÐBONDS€IN€THE€THIRD€JUDICIALÌDISTRICT,ó óà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ à(Order€of€the€Criminal€Court€for€the€Ð ` Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àThird€Judicial€District)Ìà Œ àò òAppellants.à < àó óà ” àà ì àà D à*Ð @à Ðà Œ àÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð à€ ÐÌJohn€K.€Kingà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àPaul€G.€SummersÐ À!` ÐLewis,€King,€Krieg,€Waldrop€&€Catron,€P.C.à œ àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ °"P ÐP.O.€Box€2425à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ  #@ ÐKnoxville,€TN€€37901à ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð $0 ÐÌAlan€M.€Parkerà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àEllen€H.€PollackÐ p& ÐLewis,€King,€Krieg,€Waldrop€&€Catron,€P.C.à œ àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ `'  ÐP.O.€Box€2425à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÐ P(ð! ÐKnoxville,€TN€€37901à ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ @)à" Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ à.€%( ÐÌÌÌREVERSEDÌÌÌÌNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÐ  `6-0S ÐÓÓà@33-Úàò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€appellants€appeal€the€entry€of€an€order€by€the€Criminal€Court€forÏthe€Third€Judicial€District,׃ ×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€requiring€the€deposit€with€the€court€of€additional€funds€byÐ  À Ðall€companies€underwriting€bail€bonds€in€that€district€and€imposing€a€cap€upon€theÏtotal€amount€of€bail€bonds€which€may€be€underwritten€by€any€one€company.€€TheÏappellants€present€the€following€issue€for€our€review:€Whether€the€trial€courtððs€orderÏwas€arbitrary€and€capricious,€violating€the€appellantsðð€substantive€rights€to€a€hearingÏon€the€merits€of€the€trial€courtððs€ñPñœñPñactionñPñ›ñPñ€and€a€finding€by€the€trial€court€of€specificÏreasons€therefor.ÌÌà@§§%Úàò òòòI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóˆÐ  À Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€limited€record€before€this€court׃ N×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€reflects€that€there€are€currentlyÐ   Ðeighteen€bail€bond€companies€authorized€to€underwrite€bail€bonds€in€the€ThirdÏJudicial€District.€€In€addition€to€securing€bail€bonds€with€real€estate€or€other€assets€ofÏthe€bail€bond€company€itself,€a€local€bail€bond€company€can€guarantee€a€bail€bondÏthrough€an€insurance€company.€€Under€this€arrangement,€the€local€bail€bondÏñPñœñPñcompany,ñPñ›ñPñ€acting€as€an€agent€for€the€insurance€company,€pledges€the€assets€of€theÏinsurance€company€as€security€on€bail€bonds.€€Apparently,€at€least€one€bail€bondÏcompany€in€the€Third€Judicial€District€guarantees€bail€bonds€through€appellantÏinsurance€companies.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€record€further€reflects€that€the€order€which€is€the€subject€of€thisÐ À0`'* Ðappeal€stemmed€from€the€trial€courtððs€concern€that€ð ðthe€Insurance€practice€hasÐ  2@), Ðimbued€Bonding€Companies€with€no€cap€on€bond€writing€and€that€is€immenselyÏirresponsible.ðð€€The€trial€court€was€additionally€concerned€that€insurance€companiesÏð ðhave€wide€spread€liability€and€are€not€easily€held€responsible€or€accountable€to€theÏCourt.ðð€€Accordingly,€on€October€15,€1998,€the€trial€court€entered€an€order€requiringÏall€bail€bond€companies€in€the€Third€Judicial€District€to€deposit€with€the€court€aÏminimum€amount€of€fifty€thousand€dollars€($50,000.00)€for€the€purpose€of€securingÏoutstanding€bail€bonds.€€According€to€the€courtððs€order,€each€company€would€beÏallowed€to€underwrite€bail€bonds€amounting€to€ten€times€the€deposit€or€five€hundredÏthousand€dollars€($500,000.00).€€A€bail€bond€company€could€deposit€more€than€fiftyÏthousand€dollars€($50,000.00),€but€could€not€underwrite€bail€bonds€exceeding€a€totalÏamount€of€one€million€dollars€($1,000,000.00).€€The€order€was€to€be€effective€onÏJanuary€1,€1999,׃ ×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€all€bail€bond€companies€were€required€to€be€in€complianceÐ   Ðwith€the€trial€courtððs€order€by€that€date.€€Each€bail€bond€company€would€then€beÏindividually€approved€by€order€of€the€court.€€The€October€order€applied€both€to€bailÏbond€companies€underwriting€bail€bonds€as€agents€of€insurance€companies€and€toÏprivate,€non„insurance€bail€bond€companies.€€The€trial€court€noted:ÌÓÓà8 Œ à€à8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThere€will€be€no€distinction€between€Bail€BondÐ `'  ÐCompanies€that€write€with€insurance€and€those€that€doÏnot.€€Each€company€is€obligated€to€secure€the€bonds.€ÏThe€primary€obligation€rests€with€the€company€and€notÏthe€Insurance€Indemnifier.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÓÓÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€appellant€insurance€companies€filed€an€appeal€of€the€order€withÏthis€court€on€November€12,€1998.€€Thereafter,€on€December€28,€1998,€the€trial€courtÏentered€another€order,€modifying€the€October€order.€€In€the€December€order,€the€trialÏcourt€permitted€insurance€companies,€licensed€with€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÐ p5,/ ÐCommerce€and€Insurance,€to€underwrite€bail€bonds€totaling€two€hundred€thousandÏdollars€($200,000.00),€without€depositing€additional€security.€€The€trial€courtÏacknowledged€that€insurance€companies€licensed€to€conduct€business€inÏTennessee€deposit€assets€with€the€Tennessee€Commissioner€of€Commerce€andÏInsurance€for€the€purpose€of€securing€the€companyððs€outstanding€bonds€andÏobligations€in€this€state.€€The€trial€court€also€acknowledged€that€insuranceÏcompanies€generally€possess€assets€exceeding€those€of€private,€non„insuranceÏbonding€companies.€€However,€the€trial€ñPñœñPñcourtñPñ›ñPñ€determined€that€these€assets€are€notÏreadily€available€to€the€court.€€Moreover,€the€court€opined€that€the€assets€depositedÏwith€the€Commissioner€of€Commerce€and€Insurance,€when€spread€across€the€ñPñœñPñstate,ñPñ›ñPñÏdo€not€provide€adequate€security.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€record€before€this€court€includes€an€affidavit€by€the€appellantsððÏattorney€stating€that€the€appellants€are€insurance€companies€which€were€previouslyÏqualified€to€conduct€business€in€the€Third€Judicial€District€and€have€beenÏunderwriting€bail€bonds€in€that€district.€€Moreover,€the€appellantsðð€attorney€attestedÏthat€the€appellants€have€underwritten€outstanding€bail€bonds€in€excess€of€twoÏhundred€thousand€dollars€($200,000.00).€€Accordingly,€pursuant€to€the€trial€courtððsÏorders,€the€appellants€are€automatically€disqualified€from€underwriting€bonds€in€theÏThird€Judicial€District,€unless€and€until€the€appellants€deposit€additional€security€withÏthe€court.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€their€brief,€the€appellants€additionally€assert€that€each€appellantÏinsurance€company€possesses€a€certificate€of€authority€from€the€TennesseeÏCommissioner€of€Commerce€and€Insurance,€reflecting€each€companyððs€complianceÏwith€the€insurance€laws€and€regulations€of€Tennessee.€€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€56„2„Ð @8à.2 Ð102(a)€(1997).€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€56„15„101€to€„115€(1997).€€AccordingÐ `  Ðto€the€appellants,€each€company€is€solvent€and€has€deposited€one€hundredÏthousand€dollars€($100,000.00)€with€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Commerce€andÏInsurance.€€Moreover,€the€companies€collectively€maintain€ð ðhundreds€of€millions€ofÏdollars€in€assets€and€unassigned€bona€fide€surpluses.ððÌÌà@±±*Úàò òòòII.€€AnalysisˆÐ  @  ÐóóA.à Œ àBail€Bondsó óÐ €  Ðà Œ àà ä àInitially,€we€find€it€useful€to€review€the€nature€of€a€ð ðbail€bondðð€and€theÏrelationship€between€a€defendant,€his€surety,€and€the€court€in€the€bail€bond€context.€ÏGenerally,€a€bail€bond€ð ðis€a€contract€between€the€government€on€the€one€side€andÏaccused€and€surety€on€the€other,€whereby€the€surety€guarantees€the€appearance€ofÏthe€accusedðð€in€court.€€8€C.J.S.€òòBailóó€ðð€4€(1988).€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€40„11„Ð à€ Ð122€(1997).׃×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€Tennessee€Court€of€Appeals€has€also€described€a€bail€bond€asÐ À!` ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àan€ð ðundertaking€by€[a]€surety,€into€whose€custody€[the]Ïdefendant€is€placed,€that€he€will€produce€[the]€defendantÏin€court€at€a€stated€time€and€place.ðð€€...€€The€defendant€orÏprincipal€is€released€from€the€custody€of€the€law€andÏplaced€in€the€custody€of€the€surety.€€To€ensure€theÏdiligence€and€attentiveness€of€the€surety€to€its€principalððsÏtimely€appearance€in€court,€the€surety€posts€someÏmanner€of€bond€or€security.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à...€€Upon€the€non„appearance€of€the€defendant,€that€bondÏis€conditionally€forfeited.€€T.€C.€A.€ðð.€40„11„201.€€SinceÏthe€surety€is€bound€to€produce€its€principal€to€fulfill€itsÏobligations€as€surety,€a€[conditional]€judgment€...€isÏimmediately€obtained€against€the€surety€in€the€amount€ofÏthe€bond.€€ð ð[T]o€notify€the€defendant€and€his€sureties€toÏshow€cause€why€such€judgment€shall€not€be€made€final,ððÏa€writ€of€òòscireóó€òòfaciasóó€issues€to€set€a€date€for€a€hearing€onÐ  2@), Ðfinal€forfeiture.€€T.€C.€A.€ðð.€40„11„202.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð.€40„Ð 30*- Ð11„139.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à...€[B]y€entering€into€the€bail€bond€agreement€andÏassuming€custody€of€its€principal,€the€surety€submits€itselfÏto€the€òòinóó€òòpersonamóó€jurisdiction€of€the€court€...€.Ð Àä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓi'ÓòòIndemnity€Insurance€Company€of€North€America€v.€Blackwellóó,€653€S.W.2d€262,€264Ð   Ð(Tenn.€App.€1983).€€In€this€case,€the€insurance€companies€apparently€act€as€suretiesÏthrough€an€agent,€a€local€bail€bond€company,€and€thereby€subject€themselves€to€theÏcourtððs€jurisdiction.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAt€issue€in€this€case€are€the€parameters€of€the€courtððs€authority€toÏregulate€the€insurance€companies€acting€as€sureties€through€their€agents€in€bailÏbond€agreements.€€In€the€Release€from€Custody€and€Bail€Reform€Act€of€1978,€theÏlegislature€explicitly€set€forth€certain€powers€of€a€court€to€regulate€professionalÏbondsmen€and€other€sureties.€€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€40„11„101€to€„405€(1997).€ÏAdditionally,€a€trial€court€possesses€inherent€power€to€administer€its€affairs,€includingÏthe€right€to€impose€reasonable€regulations€regarding€bail€bonds.€€òòIn€re€Hittóó,€910Ð  #@ ÐS.W.2d€900,€904€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòIn€re:€International€Fidelity€InsuranceÐ €%  ÐCompanyóó,€No.€03C01„9610„CR„00360,€1998€WL€597080,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÐ `'  ÐKnoxville,€September€10,€1998),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1999).€€TheÐ @)à" Ðappellants€contend€that€the€trial€court€exceeded€any€statutory€or€inherent€authorityÏby€requiring€the€appellant€insurance€companies€to€submit€additional€security€to€theÏcourt€without€affording€the€appellants€a€hearing€or€making€specific€factual€œñPñœñPñfindings.ñQñ€ñQññRñÌñRññQñ€›In€sum,€ñQññPñ›œñPññQñthe€appellants€contend€that€the€trial€courtððs€October€and€December€ordersÏwere€arbitrary€and€capricious.ñQññPñ›œñPññQññHñ›ñHññHñÌñHññQññPñ›ñPññQñ›ÌñQñ›ÌñPñœñPñò òB.ñPñ›ñPñà Œ àThe€Trial€Courtððs€Ordersó óÐ  2@), Ðà Œ àà ä àñPñœñPññJñAs›€noted€earlier,€in€its€December€order,€the€trial€court€stated€itsÏrationale€for€entering€the€October€order,€explaining€its€reasons€for€requiring€theÏdeposit€of€additional€security€by€appellant€insurance€œcompanies.ñJññJñ›€The€trial€courtÏexplained€that€it€did€not€have€ready€access€to€funds€deposited€by€insuranceÏcompanies€with€the€Commissioner€of€Commerce€and€Insurance€and€the€funds€wereÏinadequate€ð ðwhen€spread€across€the€State.ðð€€The€trial€court€additionally€indicatedÏthat€it€did€not€have€access€to€other€assets€and€unassigned€surpluses€of€appellantÏinsurance€companies.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àœñJññPñœñPñIn€òòInñPñ›ñPññPñ›ñPñ€re:€Indemnity€Insurance€Company€of€North€Americaóó,€594€S.W.2dÐ €4 +. Ð705,€708€(Tenn.€1980),€our€supreme€court€observed€that€insurance€companies€inÏgood€standing€with€the€Department€of€Commerce€and€Insurance€should€not€beÐ @8à.2 Ðrequired€to€file€additional€assets€with€local€courts€in€the€absence€of€a€finding€by€localÏjudges€of€specific€reasons€therefor.€The€supreme€court€explained:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àWe€agree€with€counsel€for€appellant€that€the€statutoryÏscheme€provided€by€the€insurance€laws€ordinarily€shouldÏafford€sufficient€ready,€liquid€assets€to€satisfy€theÏobligations€of€an€insurance€carrier€writing€bail€bonds.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓòòId.óó€€Thus,€ñPñœñPññPñœñPñin€òòInñPñ›ñPññPñ›ñPñ€re:€International€Fidelity€Insurance€Companyóó,€No.€03C01„9610„CR„Ð Ðp  Ð00360,€1998€WL€597080,€at€*3„4,€while€acknowledging€the€authority€of€a€trial€courtÏto€require€insurance€companies€underwriting€bail€bonds€in€its€district€to€depositÏadditional€funds€with€the€court,€this€court€also€concluded:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à[A]€local€rule€of€law€that€would€require€the€deposit€ofÏadditional€funds€before€a€petition€to€qualify€could€beÏheard€would€be€null€and€void€ab€initio€to€the€extent€that€itÏconflicts€with€the€substantive€right€of€the€insuranceÏcompany€to€have€a€hearing€on€the€merits,€and€the€right€toÏbe€required€to€put€up€additional€funds€only€upon€a€findingÏby€the€trial€judge€of€specific€reasons€therefor.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÓ,;ÓÌòòId.óóÐ À!` ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€clear€implication€of€both€òòIn€re€Indemnity€Insurance€Company€ofÐ €%  ÐNorth€Americaóó€and€òòIn€re:€International€Fidelity€Insurance€Companyóó€is€that€local€rulesÐ `'  Ðrequiring€additional€security€from€insurance€companies€are€invalid€to€the€extent€thatÏthey€are€based€upon€broad€assumptions€about€the€adequacy€of€security€provided€byÏthe€insurance€laws€of€this€state.׃×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Yet,€in€this€case,€the€trial€court€examined€theÐ - #& Ðstatutory€scheme€provided€by€the€insurance€laws€and€arbitrarily€determined€that€itÏwas€inadequate€to€afford€sufficient€ready,€liquid€assets€to€satisfy€the€obligations€ofÐ À0`'* Ðthe€appellants.€€On€the€basis€of€this€conclusion,€the€trial€court€then€adopted€a€localÏrule€requiring€all€insurance€companies,€apparently€without€exception,€to€depositÏadditional€security€with€the€court.€€The€trial€court€adopted€the€local€rule€withoutÏmaking€findings€specific€to€the€insurance€companies€conducting€business€in€itsÏdistrict€or€problems€experienced€by€the€trial€court€in€executing€final€judgments€ofÏforfeiture€against€appellant€insurance€ñPñœñPñcompanies.ñKññPñ׃×ñPññPñ׃Ê×ñPñÝ ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñKññPñ›ñPñÐ À`  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€appellants€also€contend€that€they€were€not€afforded€a€hearing€inÏthis€case.€€As€noted€above,€the€trial€courtððs€October€order€applies€to€all€insuranceÏcompanies€without€exception€and,€on€its€face,€does€not€provide€a€hearing€toÏinsurance€companies€collectively€or€individually.€€However,€the€trial€court€stated€in€itsÏJanuary€order,€ð ðThis€Court€has€never€refused€a€hearing€on€these€matters.€€ThisÏCourt€has€required€that€instead€of€an€oral€hearing€all€matters€be€submitted€in€writingÏfor€a€more€efficient€and€better€record.ðð€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAssuming€that€the€appellants€were€permitted€to€make€writtenÏsubmissions€to€the€trial€court,€procedural€due€process€may€require€the€opportunityÏfor€an€oral€presentation€to€the€decision€maker€if€written€submissions€are€inadequateÏto€provide€a€party€a€fair€hearing.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó€2€Ronald€D.€Rotunda€&€John€E.€Nowak,Ð  +À!$ ÐòòTreatise€on€Constitutional€Lawóó€ðð€17.8,€at€644„645€(2d€ed.€1992).€€The€form€of€theÐ - #& Ðhearing€required€by€due€process€will€depend€upon€the€balancing€of€competingÏinterests.€€òòMathews€v.€Eldridgeóó,€424€U.S.€319,€333„335,€96€S.Ct.€893,€901„903Ð À0`'* Ð(1976).€€However,€neither€the€supreme€court€nor€this€court€relied€upon€principles€ofÐ  2@), Ðprocedural€due€process€in€announcing€the€rights€of€insurance€companiesÏunderwriting€bail€bonds.׃×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Rather,€as€noted€above,€ñPñœñPññPñœñPñin€òòInñPñ›ñPññPñ›ñPñ€re:€International€FidelityÐ @ à ÐInsurance€Companyóó,€No.€03C01„9610„CR„00360,€1998€WL€597080,€at€*3„4,€thisÐ  À Ðcourt€cited€òòIn€re€Indemnity€Insurance€Company€of€North€Americaóó€and€concluded€thatÐ   Ðinsurance€companies€possess€a€òòsubstantiveóó€right€to€a€ð ðhearing€on€the€merits.ðð€Ð à€ ÐPresumably,€this€substantive€right€derives€from€the€statutory€scheme€provided€byÏthe€insurance€laws.€€Neither€the€supreme€court€nor€this€court€has€addressedÏwhether€or€not€written€submissions€will€satisfy€this€substantive€right.€€Nevertheless,Ïwe€submit€that€the€appellantsðð€substantive€right€to€a€hearing€must€at€least€beÏcoextensive€with€minimum€requirements€of€due€process,€providing€the€appellants€aÏfair€and€reasonable€opportunity€to€respond€to€the€trial€courtððs€concerns.€€AssumingÏthat€the€form€of€hearing€should€be€decided€according€to€a€due€process€analysis,€theÏrecord€before€this€court€is€simply€inadequate€to€conduct€a€thorough€balancing€of€theÏcompeting€interests.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€any€case,€regardless€of€the€form€of€the€hearing,€òòIn€re€IndemnityÐ €%  ÐInsurance€Company€of€North€Americaóó€and€òòIn€re:€International€Fidelity€InsuranceÐ `'  ÐCompanyóó€appear€to€place€the€burden€upon€the€trial€court€to€justify€a€requirement€ofÐ @)à" Ðadditional€deposits€by€insurance€companies€with€specific€factual€findings.€€The€trialÏcourt€does€not€state€anywhere€in€the€record€that€the€appellant€insurance€companiesÏhave€refused€to€provide€any€information€requested€by€the€court.€€The€trial€courtÐ à.€%( Ðsimply€failed€to€satisfy€its€burden.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àTherefore,€we€vacate€the€ñPñœñPññMñOctoberñMññMñOctoberñMññLñ€ñLññNñand€DecemberñNññPñ›ñPñ€ñPñœñPñorderñOñsñOññPñ›ñPñ€of€the€trialÏcourt.€€We€additionally€conclude€that€it€is€unnecessary€to€remand€this€case€for€aÏhearing.€€If€the€trial€court€believes€that€additional€deposits€by€insurance€companiesÏin€the€Third€Judicial€District€are€required,€we€have€already€noted€its€inherent€powerÏto€conduct€a€fair€ñPñœñPñhearing,ñPñ›ñPñ€allowing€the€appellants€an€opportunity€to€respond€to€theÏcourtððs€ñPñœñPñconcernsñPñ›ñPñ€and,€òòupon€specific€findingsóó,€impose€reasonable€regulations.Ð €  ÐñPñœñPñÌñPñ›ñPñÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ @à Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ Ð p ÐJerry€L.€Smith,€JudgeÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ $0 ÐJoe€G.€Riley,€Jr.,€Judge