ÿWPCgE …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ {êß 0^É 0h' 0r 0| 0†} 0 1u“U, 0d4 B˜U,µU*áB) DC4 AMwÅÄY‰$â D3Ï9Ä 0@Ì# $è &·õ(¬¬-›X05ó2b(8çŠ:v~q<vÓï= AOÂCÆD 0D×D D/E BJE, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´i€$¡¡ÑÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7€zzXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ JPKELMDNODPQÓ€]`»{s 3|x`(Ð(3|™$¤¤Ý ƒi€!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€l§XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(­$¡¡ÑÑÒ°ÒÑÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7€zzXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ »Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌò òJuneÏ10,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€!ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó OÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7Àl§XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€was€indicted€for€the€offense€of€aggravated€rape.€ÏHowever,€the€jury€found€him€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€of€rape.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€reveals€that€the€appellant€was€the€boyfriend€of€Emma€JeanÏDunlap€Hilliard,€a€relative€of€Ms.€Willis.€€Willis€referred€to€Hilliard€as€ð ðmommyððÏand€called€the€appellant€ð ðdaddy.ððÌ'ÿÿdxd ÅÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀzzXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€that€the€brief€submitted€on€behalf€of€the€appellant€does€notÏcomport€with€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€The€statement€ofÏthe€case€and€the€statement€of€the€facts€are€inadequate.€€More€importantly,€theÏissues€are€not€supported€by€argument,€citation€to€authority,€or,€for€the€most€part,Ïcitation€to€the€record.€€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€27(a)(7),€(g),€(h);€Tenn.€€Ct.€€Crim.€€R.€ÏApp.€€10(b).€€Consequently,€this€brief€is€inadequate€and€the€appellant€hasÏwaived€all€issues€presented€for€review.Ìà àð ðLawyers€practicing€before€the€appellate€courts€of€this€State€are€not€atÏliberty€to€disregard€the€mandate€of€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€27,€regarding€the€formÏand€content€of€briefs.€€Each€requirement€of€the€rule€serves€a€specific€purpose.€ÏWhen€a€lawyer€does€not€comply€with€this€rule,€it€impedes€the€ability€of€adversaryÏcounsel€as€well€as€this€Court€to€address€the€issue€or€issues€raised€in€the€brief.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€€Smithóó,€C.C.A.€No.€€49€(Tenn.€€Crim.€€App.€€at€Knoxville,€Mar.€€7,€1990).Ì ºÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellantððs€objection€is€not€stated€on€the€record.€€The€trial€court€didÏtake€notice€of€an€objection,€which€was€apparently€made€off€the€record.€ÏImmediately€after€the€jury€was€impaneled,€the€trial€court€announced:Ìà8 à[Y]ou€did€mention€that€you€were€voicing€an€objection,€.€.€.€I€gatherÏto€the€entire€panel,€„€but€to€the€jury€that€has€been€selected,€„€basedÏupon€the€fact€that€you€feel€it€is€not€representative€of€theÏdefendantððs€peers;€he€is€entitled,€„„€according€to€your€argument,€„€aÏrepresentative€panel.€.€.€.€€There€is€no€evidence€being€offered€thatÏthere€was€any€systematic€exclusion.€.€.€.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ÷Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€the€State,€in€its€brief,€erroneously€construes€the€appellantððsÏchallenge€to€the€juryððs€composition€as€an€assertion€of€a€òòBatsonóó€violation.Ì ÞÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀzzXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€recognize€that€the€appellant€automatically€satisfies€the€first€prong€asÏthe€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€recognized€African„Americans€to€be€aÏdistinctive€group€in€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€òòAlexander€v.€€Louisianaóó,€405€U.S.€625,Ï628,€92€S.Ct.€1221,€1224€(1972).Ì ­Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€it€is€a€well€established€rule€that€inconsistent€jury€verdictsÏare€not€fatal€to€a€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòWiggins€v.€€Stateóó,€498€S.W.2d€92,€93„94Ï(Tenn.€€1973)(citing€òòDunn€v.€€United€Statesóó,€284€U.S.€390,€393„394,€52€S.Ct.€Ï189,€190„191€(1932)).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€No.€03C01„9302„CR„00057Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€November€22,€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,Ï(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.€Eatonóó,€No.€03C01„9202„CR„00044€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏKnoxville,€December€29,€1992),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993).€€InÏòòWigginsóó,€498€S.W.2d€at€94,€our€supreme€court€observed,€ð ðThis€court€will€notÏupset€a€seemingly€inconsistent€verdict€by€speculating€as€to€the€juryððs€reasoningÏif€we€are€satisfied€that€the€evidence€establishes€guilt€of€the€offense€upon€whichÏthe€conviction€was€returned.ððÌ ¢Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀzzXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóUnder€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302,€ð ða€person€commits€the€offense€ofÏfalse€imprisonment€who€knowingly€removes€or€confines€another€unlawfully€soÏas€to€interfere€substantially€with€the€otherððs€liberty.ððÌ ‘Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀzzXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€that€the€issue€of€probation€is€not€properly€raised€in€theÏappellantððs€brief.€€Rather,€the€issue,€posed€at€the€conclusion€of€the€brief,Ïappears€to€have€been€included€as€an€afterthought.Ì +Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Bolingóó,€840€S.W.2d€944€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),Ïòòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993)(it€is€the€appellantððs€duty€to€prepare€aÏrecord€which€conveys€a€fair,€accurate,€and€complete€account€of€what€transpiredÏin€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€issues€which€form€the€basis€of€the€appeal);ÏòòState€v.€Draperóó,€800€S.W.2d€489€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990)(an€appellate€court€isÏprecluded€from€considering€an€issue€when€the€record€does€not€contain€aÏtranscript€or€statement€of€what€transpired€in€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€thatÏissue);€òòState€v.€Bennettóó,€798€S.W.2d€783€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990)(when€theÏrecord€is€incomplete€and€does€not€contain€the€proceedings€and€documentsÏrelevant€to€an€issue,€the€court€is€precluded€from€considering€the€issue);ÏòòMcDonald€v.€Onohóó,€772€S.W.2d€913€(Tenn.€App.€1989)(failure€to€provide€aÏtranscript€from€which€the€appellate€court€could€determine€sufficiency€ofÏevidence€resulted€in€a€frivolous€appeal).Ì XÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀzzXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€record€of€these€convictions€is€contained€in€the€Stateððs€noticeÏseeking€enhanced€punishment€of€the€appellant€as€a€Range€II€offender.Ì ÝÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝMoreover,€we€note€that€a€defendant€convicted€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping€is€not€eligible€for€probation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò ò›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÙ€€ÙœßL€$'#;+'h|‹` ´ `€€Lß›à@ àJANUARY€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9503„CC„00092Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHENRY€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€C.€CreedÏMcGinley,€JudgeÌò òWOODROW€FREDERICKó óà à)Ìò òJACKSONó ó,à àà àà àà àœ)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)à à(Rape;€AggravatedÏKidnapping)›Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ›ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌVicki€H.€Hooverà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAinley€&€Hooverà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ123€North€Poplar€St.à àÌParis,€TN€38242à àà àà àà àHunt€S.€BrownÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRobert€"Gus"€RadfordÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àœVicki€Snyder›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àœP.€O.€Box€686›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àHuntingdon,€TN€38344ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Woodrow€Frederick€Jackson,€was€convicted€of€one€countÏof€rape€and€one€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping€following€a€jury€trial€in€the€ÏCircuit€Court€of€Henry€County.× ƒ( ××  ×€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€as€aÏRange€II€offender€to€seventeen€years€incarceration€for€the€rape€conviction€andÏtwenty€years€incarceration€for€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.€€The€courtÏordered€that€the€sentences€be€served€concurrently.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,Ïthe€appellant€raises€six€issues€for€our€review:ÌÌÓÓà àà8 à(1)€Whether€the€trial€court€properly€overruled€theÏappellantððs€challenge€to€the€racial€composition€of€theÏjury;ÌÌà àà à(2)€Whether€the€verdict€was€contrary€to€the€weight€of€the€Ìà àà àevidence€presented;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€Whether€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€courtÏwas€harsh,€unfair,€prejudicial€and€much€greater€thanÏthe€normal€sentence€in€like€cases;Ì€Ìà àà8 à(4)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€finding€theÏappellant€to€be€a€Range€II€offender;ÌÌà àà8 à(5)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€referring€to€theÏknife€allegedly€used€in€the€commission€of€the€crimeÏas€enhancement€for€sentencing€when€the€verdict€wasÏfor€rape€and€not€aggravated€rape;€andÌÌà àà8 à(6)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€theÏappellant€probation.ÌÌÓÓÌà àAfter€reviewing€the€record€before€us,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà@ àòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundóóó óÌà àOn€February€3,€1994,€at€around€10:30€p.m.,€the€appellant€went€to€theÏapartment€of€Erica€Willis,€a€nineteen€year€old€mother€of€two.€€Willis€knew€theÏappellant€and€invited€him€inside€her€apartment.× ƒ) ××  ×€€She€and€the€appellant€beganÏdiscussing€a€problem€involving€Willis€and€her€cousin,€Sarah€White.€€SoonÏthereafter,€the€appellant€asked€that€Willis€permit€him€to€perform€oral€sex€on€her.€ÏWillis€refused€and€asked€the€appellant€to€leave.€€He€apologized€to€her,€butÏrepeated€the€request€and€added,€ð ðI€will€pay€you.ðð€€Willis€again€refused€andÏasked€the€appellant€to€leave.€€At€this€point,€the€appellant€asked€for€a€glass€ofÏwater€and€went€to€the€kitchen.€€When€he€returned€to€the€living€room,€he€wasÏcarrying€a€butcher€knife.ÌÌà àWillis€testified€that€ð ðhe€told€me,€ððYou€should€have€done€what€I€asked€youÍto€do,ðð€and€I€grabbed€the€blade€and€tried€to€break€it,€and€that€is€when€I€cut€myÏfinger[s].ðð€€The€appellant€then€grabbed€Willisðð€arm€and€led€her€into€the€bedroom.€ÏWillis€began€yelling,€but€the€appellant€informed€her,€ð ð[I]f€you€donððt€shut€up,€I€amÏgoing€to€stick€you€[with€the€knife].ððÌÌà àIn€the€bedroom,€while€holding€the€knife,€the€appellant€forced€Willis€toÏremove€her€clothes.€€Willis€complied,€because€she€was€afraid€that€the€appellantÏwould€kill€her.€However,€she€did€not€remove€her€panties.€€The€appellant,Ïmaintaining€his€hold€on€the€knife,€removed€her€panties.€€He€then€proceeded€toÏlay€her€on€the€bed€and€get€on€top€of€her.€€The€appellant€told€Willis€to€place€hisÏpenis€inside€her€vagina.€€Again,€she€obeyed,€because€she€was€afraid€that€heÏwould€kill€her€and/or€her€children.€€The€appellant€then€attempted€to€anallyÏpenetrate€the€victim.€€When€this€attempt€failed,€the€appellant€made€WillisÏperform€oral€sex€on€him.€€Following€the€oral€sex,€the€appellant€again€forciblyÏpenetrated€Willis.ÌÌà àAfterward,€Willis€asked€the€appellant€if€she€could€use€the€bathroom.€€TheÏappellant€told€her€ð ðthat€[she]€couldnððt€go€to€the€bathroom,€„€he€told€[her]€to€ððpissÏon€[her]self.ðððð€€€She€replied€that€ð ð[she]€wasnððt€going€to€pee€in€[her]€clothes,€„„€andÏ[she]€wasnððt€going€to€pee€in€[her]€room€either.ðð€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€appellantÏaccompanied€Willis€to€the€bathroom.€€Once€inside€the€bathroom,€Willis€wasÏunable€to€urinate.€€The€appellant€accused€her€of€lying€and€threatened€to€ð ðstickÍ[her].ðð€€Willis€began€ð ðhollering.ðð€€While€the€two€wrestled€on€the€bathroom€floor,Ïthe€appellant€threatened,€ð ðI€am€going€to€stick€you,€B„„„h,€„€if€you€donððt€shut€up.ðð€ÏThe€appellant€then€led€Willis€back€to€the€bedroom€where€he€again€forciblyÏpenetrated€her.€€Throughout€the€entire€episode,€the€appellant€retained€the€knifeÏand€continued€to€threaten€Willis.ÌÌà àFinally,€the€appellant€smoked€some€crack€cocaine€in€a€pipe€crudelyÏfashioned€from€an€empty€Coke€can€and€dozed€off,€forcing€Willis€to€lie€in€front€ofÏhim€with€his€arm€and€shoulder€resting€against€her.€€After€he€had€fallen€asleep,ÏWillis€attempted€to€move.€€However,€the€appellant€woke€up€and€patted€herÏshoulder.€€At€some€point,€the€appellant€apologized€to€Willis€for€what€he€hadÏdone.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€left€the€next€morning€at€about€4:20€a.m.€€Before€he€left,€heÏtold€Willis€that€she€should€not€call€the€police€until€9:00€a.m.€€He€also€stated€that,Ïif€she€contacted€the€police,€he€would€ð ðcome€after€[her]ðð€as€soon€as€he€wasÏreleased€from€prison.€€After€he€left,€Willis€waited€approximately€ten€minutes€andÏthen€went€to€a€nearby€apartment€where€a€neighbor€called€the€police.ÌÌà àMonique€Moore,€Willisðð€neighbor,€testified€at€trial€that,€during€the€earlyÏmorning€hours€of€February€4th,€1994,€Willis€knocked€on€her€bedroom€window.€ÏOnce€inside€Mooreððs€apartment,€Willis€stated,€œð ðFreddy€[,the›€appellant,]€rapedÍme,€„€call€the€police.ðð€€Moore€related€that€Willis€was€ð ðhysterical,€„€shaking€likeÏshe€was€in€shock,€„€she€couldnððt€stop€shaking,€„€and€my€brother€was€just€holdingÏher.ððÌÌà àOfficer€Tony€Hutcherson€was€called€to€the€scene.€€When€he€arrived,€heÏobserved€that€Willisðð€ð ðhair€was€all€over€her€head,€„€and€her€clothes€were€kind€of,Ï„€just€messed€up€a€little€bit.€...€She€had€a€cut€to€her€third€and€fourth€fingers,€„€onÏher€right€hand.ðð€€An€ambulance€was€called,€and€Willis€was€taken€to€the€HenryÏCounty€Medical€Center€Emergency€Room.€€Dr.€Julio€Guerra€testified€that€heÏexamined€Willis€and€completed€a€rape€kit.€€A€Dr.€Robert€Adams€also€testifiedÏthat,€later€that€day,€he€obtained€rape€kit€samples€from€the€appellant.ÌÌà àLieutenant€Tom€Lankford,€an€investigator€for€the€Paris€PoliceÏDepartment,€secured€evidence€collected€from€Willisðð€apartment,€includingÏbloodied€sheets,€a€nightgown,€a€coca„cola€can,€and€a€knife.€€He€sent€the€knife,Ïthe€rape€kit€samples€taken€from€Willis€and€the€appellant,€and€samples€from€theÏappellantððs€clothing€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€Crime€Laboratory.€ÏTests€performed€on€the€evidence€identified€the€appellant€as€a€type€O€secretorÏwith€a€PGM€2„1,€findings€consistent€with€the€vaginal€swab€residue€from€Willis.€ÏMoreover,€the€DNA€tests€on€the€vaginal€swabs€revealed€that€the€DNA€profileÏfrom€the€male€sperm€cells€collected€by€the€swabbings€was€consistent€with€theÏappellantððs€DNA.ÌÌà àWhen€the€appellant€was€taken€into€custody,€he€gave€a€statement€to€Lt.€ÏLankford.€€At€trial,€Lankford€related€the€statement€to€the€jury.€€The€appellantÏconceded€that€he€was€at€Willisðð€apartment€on€the€night€of€the€rape.€€TheÏappellant€stated€that€he€visited€Willis€in€order€to€discuss€a€conflict€between€ð ðherÏand€another€boyfriend€of€hers.ðð€€He€maintained€that€he€and€Willis€only€watchedÏð ðThe€Love€Connectionðð€on€the€television€in€her€living€room.€€He€then€smoked€aÏrock€of€crack€cocaine€in€the€back€bedroom.€€He€denied€having€sexualÏintercourse€with€Willis,€emphasizing€the€fact€that€he€was€not€ð ðromanticallyÏinvolved€with€Erica€Willis.ðð€€However,€at€trial,€the€appellant€testified€that€he€andÏWillis€engaged€in€consensual€sex€on€the€evening€in€question.€€He€furtherÏasserted€that€they€had€been€doing€so€twice€a€month€during€the€past€year.€€HeÏadmitted€lying€to€the€police,€but€explained€that€he€was€afraid€that€his€girlfriendÏwould€find€out€about€his€affair€with€Willis.ÌÌà@ àòòò òII.€€Juror€Poolóóó óÌà àThe€appellant€first€challenges€the€ð ðarray€of€the€jury€for€the€reason€thatÏthere€were€not€enough€Black€Americans€[sic]€available€for€jury€service.ðð€€TheÏappellant€is€African„American.€€The€State€correctly€contends€that€the€appellantÏhas€waived€this€issue€for€failure€to€present€any€substantial€argument€and€forÏfailure€to€cite€to€authority.€€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€P.€€27(a)(7),€(h);€Tenn.€€Ct.€€Crim.€€R.€ÍApp.€€10(b).× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Moreover,€this€issue€has€been€waived€pursuant€to€Tenn.€€R.€€Crim.€ÏP.€€12(b)(1)€and€(f),€as€this€issue€should€have€been€raised€as€a€pre„trialÏobjection.× ƒ, ××  ×€€Nevertheless,€we€elect€to€review€this€contention€on€its€merits.ÌÌà àThe€United€States€Supreme€Court€set€forth€a€three„pronged€test€in€òòDurenÏv.€€Missourióó,€439€U.S.€357,€364,€99€S.Ct.€€664,€668€(1979),€for€determiningÏwhether€a€jury€was€properly€selected€from€a€fair€cross„section€of€the€communityÍpursuant€to€the€Sixth€and€Fourteenth€Amendments.× ƒ. ××  ×€€Accordingly,€in€order€toÏestablish€a€prima€facie€violation€of€the€fair€cross„section€requirement,€theÏdefendant€must€show:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€that€the€group€alleged€to€be€excluded€is€a€ð ðdistinctiveðð€group€inÏthe€community× ƒ/ ××  ×;ÌÌà8 à(2)€that€the€representation€of€this€group€in€venires€from€whichÏjuries€are€selected€is€not€fair€and€reasonable€in€relation€to€theÏnumber€of€such€persons€in€the€community;ÌÌà8 à(3)€that€this€under€representation€is€due€to€systematic€exclusion€ofÏthe€group€in€the€jury„selection€process.ÌÓÓÌòòDurenóó,€439€U.S.€at€363,€99€S.Ct.€€at€668.€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€hasÏadopted€this€test.€€òòState€v.€€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,€610€(Tenn.€€1984).€€òòSee€alsoóóÏòòAdkins€v.€€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€334,€353€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdismissedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àThe€appellant€has€failed€to€establish€a€prima€facie€case€under€either€theÏstate€or€federal€constitution.€€The€appellant€has€not€introduced€evidenceÏconcerning€the€percentage€of€African„Americans€in€Henry€County,€theÍpercentage€of€African„Americans€on€other€venires,€the€potential€for€abuse€of€theÏselection€procedure,€or€the€systematic€exclusion€of€African„Americans€in€the€juryÏselection€process.€€Given€the€failure€of€the€appellant€to€establish€a€prima€facieÏcase€with€respect€to€the€selection€process,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€didÏnot€err€in€denying€the€appellantððs€challenge€to€the€racial€composition€of€the€jury.€ÏThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòò òIII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceóóó óÌà àIn€his€next€issue,€the€appellant€argues€that€ð ðthe€verdict€was€contrary€to€theÏweight€of€the€evidence€presented.ðð€€Specifically,€the€appellant€argues€that€theÏjury€could€not€find€the€appellant€guilty€of€aggravated€kidnapping€due€to€the€useÏof€a€knife€and€acquit€the€appellant€of€aggravated€rape,€when€both€offenses€wereÏcommitted€at€the€same€time.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€Again,€we€conclude€that€the€State€is€correct€in€itsÏassertion€that€the€appellant€has€waived€this€issue,€because€he€has€failed€toÏpresent€any€substantial€argument€in€support€of€his€challenge€to€the€juryððsÍverdict,€he€has€failed€to€cite€any€authority,€and€he€has€failed€to€cite€to€the€record.€ÏTenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€27(a)(7),€(g),€(h);€Tenn.€€Ct.€€Crim.€€R.€€App.€€10(b).€ÏNonetheless,€in€the€interest€of€justice,€we€elect€to€review€this€issue€on€its€merits.ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€appellant€phrases€his€issue€as€one€challengingÏthe€ð ðweight€of€the€evidence.ðð€€However,€this€court€does€not€have€the€authority€toÏreview€the€weight€of€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€€1978)(this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence).€ÏQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÏgiven€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€€Mossóó,€No.€€02C01„9404„CR„00072€(Tenn.€€Crim.€€App.€€at€Jackson,€Nov.€€2,€1994).€€This€court€òòonlyóó€has€theÏpower€to€review€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€under€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€13(e)Ïand€Tenn.€€R.€€Crim.€€P.€€36(a).€€òòIdóó.ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€on€appeal€the€State€isÏentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€orÏlegitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€€Harrisóó,€839ÏS.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€€1992),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368€(1993).€ÏA€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€a€defendantÏis€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal€a€convictedÏdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€ÍòòState€v.€€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€€1982).€€It€is€the€appellate€courtððsÏduty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidence,€viewed€under€these€standards,€isÏsufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€essential€elements€of€theÏoffenses€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,Ï99€S.Ct.€€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.€€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€Ï1994),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€òò€€€óó€U.S.€òò€€€óó,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€13(e).ÌÌà àThe€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€aggravated€kidnapping,€as€chargedÏin€the€indictment.€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„304(2)(5)€(1991).€€In€order€to€obtainÏa€conviction€under€this€statute,€it€was€incumbent€upon€the€State€to€prove,Ïbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€(1)€that€there€was€false€imprisonment,€as€defined€inÏTenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302€(1991),× ƒ1 ××  ×€(2)€that€the€defendant€actedÏintentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly,€and€(3)€that€the€offense€was€committedÏwhile€the€defendant€was€in€possession€of€a€deadly€weapon€or€threatened€theÏuse€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€The€proof€in€this€case€clearly€establishes€that€theÏappellant€knowingly,€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€confined€the€appellant€to€herÏapartment€against€her€will.€€This€act€of€confinement€continued€into€the€earlyÏmorning€hours,€long€after€perpetration€of€the€rape€had€been€accomplished.€€WeÏhold€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€that€the€appellant€committed€the€offense€ofÍaggravated€kidnapping.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).ÌÌà àThe€appellant€was€also€convicted€of€rape€pursuant€to€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„503(1991).€€In€order€to€obtain€a€conviction€under€this€statute,€the€StateÏwas€required€to€prove€that€there€was€unlawful€ð ðsexual€penetration€of€a€victim€byÏthe€defendant€or€of€the€defendant€by€a€victim€accompanied€by€...€the€followingÏcircumstances:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€Force€or€coercion€...€;ðð€andÌà à(2)€The€defendant€acted€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly.ÌÌÌÓÓThe€evidence€in€the€present€case€overwhelmingly€establishes€that€the€appellantÏunlawfully€penetrated€the€victim€by€the€use€of€force.€€The€appellant€admitsÏsexual€penetration€of€the€victim,€denying€only€the€use€of€force€or€coercion.€€TheÏjuryððs€verdict€reflects€that€the€jury€accredited€the€testimony€of€the€victim€andÏrejected€the€appellantððs€defense€that€the€victim€consented€to€sexual€penetration.€ÏClearly,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€for€a€reasonable€juror€to€find€the€appellantÏguilty€of€rape.€€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€13(e).ÌÌà@ àòòò òIV.€€Sentencing€Issuesóóó óÌà àThe€appellant€raises€four€issues€relating€to€sentencing.€€First,€heÏcontends€that€ð ðthe€[t]rial€[j]udge€err[ed]€in€rendering€a€sentence€that€is€harsh,Ïunfair,€prejudicial€and€much€greater€than€the€normal€sentence€imposed€in€likeÍcases.ðð€Second,€he€argues€that€ð ðthe€[t]rial€[j]udge€err[ed]€in€declaring€theÏdefendant€a€Range€II€offender€when€[the]€defendantððs€previous€felony€convictionÏwas€more€ÌÌthan€ten€(10)€years€old.ðð€€Third,€he€asserts€that€ð ðthe€[t]rial€[j]udge€err[ed]€inÏreferring€to€a€knife€allegedly€used€in€the€commission€of€this€crime€asÏenhancement€for€sentencing€when€the€juryððs€verdict€was€for€rape,€notÏaggravated€rape€which€would€have€included€the€use€of€a€weapon€such€as€aÏknife.ðð€€Finally,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€ð ðtrial€court€erred€in€notÏconsidering€the€defendant/appellant€for€probation.ðð× ƒ2 ××  ×ÌÌà àWe€are€unable€to€provide€a€meaningful€review€of€these€issues.€€Again,Ïthe€appellant€has€waived€these€issues€for€failure€to€present€any€substantialÏargument,€for€failure€to€cite€to€authority,€and€for€failure€to€cite€to€the€record.€ÏTenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€27(a)(7),€(g),€(h);€Tenn.€€Ct.€€Crim.€€R.€€App.€€10(b).€€Moreover,Ïmore€importantly,€the€appellant€has€failed€to€include€a€transcript€of€theÏsentencing€hearing€in€the€appellate€record.€€He€has,€therefore,€waived€his€rightÏto€challenge€the€sentencing€determinations€of€the€trial€court.€€The€appellant€hasÏthe€burden€to€prepare€a€record€on€appeal€that€presents€a€complete€andÍaccurate€account€of€what€transpired€in€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€issuesÏon€appeal.€€Tenn.€€R.€€App.€€P.€€24(b).€€The€failure€to€do€so€results€in€a€waiver€ofÏsuch€issues€and€a€presumption€that€the€ruling€of€the€trial€court€was€correct.€ÏòòState€v.€€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€559€(Tenn.€€Crim.€€App.€€1991).× ƒ3 ××  ×€€Accordingly,Ïthe€appellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€these€grounds.ÌÌà àFurthermore,€we€conclude€that€the€appellantððs€sentencing€issues€areÏwithout€merit.€€First,€we€are€compelled€to€note€that,€assuming€compliance€by€theÏtrial€court€with€the€Tennessee€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€theÏð ðharsh,€unfair,€and€prejudicialðð€nature€of€a€sentence€is€not€within€the€scope€ofÏappellate€review.€€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401€(1991).€€Specifically,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(a)€provides€that€a€ð ðdefendant€in€a€criminal€case€mayÏappeal€from€the€òòlengthóó,€òòrangeóó€or€the€òòmanner€of€serviceóó€of€the€sentence€imposedÏby€the€sentencing€court.€€The€defendant€may€also€appeal€the€imposition€ofÍconsecutive€sentences.ðð€€(Emphasis€added).€€Moreover,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(b)€provides€that€an€appeal€from€a€sentence€must€be€related€to€one€orÏmore€of€the€following€grounds:€ð ð(1)€The€Sentence€was€not€imposed€inÏaccordance€with€[the€Sentencing€Act];€or€(2)€The€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€were€not€weighed€properly,€and€the€sentence€is€excessive€under€theÏsentencing€considerations€set€out€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103€[(1990)].ðð€ÏWe€conclude€that€the€appellantððs€first€sentencing€issue€does€not€fall€within€thoseÏgrounds€for€which€an€appeal€is€provided€in€ðð€40„35„401.ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€appellantððs€challenge€to€his€classification€as€a€RangeÏII€offender,€the€record€indicates€that€the€appellantððs€criminal€history€includes€twoÏprior€class€C€felony€convictions.× ƒ4 ××  ×€€Accordingly,€the€appellant€would€meet€theÏcriteria€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„106€(1991)€for€sentencing€as€a€Range€IIÏoffender.€€Moreover,€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„106€(b)(2)€provides:€ð ðAll€priorÏfelony€convictions,€including€those€occurring€prior€to€November€1,€1989,€areÏincluded.ðð€€In€other€words,€there€is€no€provision€in€our€sentencing€laws€whichÏprohibits€the€use€of€a€conviction€more€than€ten€years€old€to€impose€anÏenhanced€range€of€punishment.€€This€issue€is€meritless.ÌÌà àDue€to€the€absence€of€the€transcript€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€we€areÍunable€to€review€the€trial€courtððs€consideration€of€the€knife€in€enhancing€theÏappellantððs€sentence€for€rape.€€In€any€event,€we€are€unable€to€conceive€how€theÏtrial€courtððs€consideration€of€the€knife€was€error.€€The€appellant,€in€his€brief,Ïimplies€that,€because€the€use€of€a€knife€is€not€an€element€of€the€offense€of€rape,Ïthe€trial€courtððs€consideration€of€such€use€was€improper.€€However,€under€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(Supp.€1994),€an€enhancement€factor€òòmayóó€be€appliedÏprecisely€when€it€is€òònotóó€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.ÌÌà àFinally,€with€respect€to€the€denial€of€probation,€we€conclude€that€theÏappellantððs€argument€is€misplaced€and€without€legal€foundation.€€The€appellantÏwas€sentenced€to€seventeen€years€for€the€rape€conviction€and€twenty€years€forÏthe€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.€€Only€those€defendants€receiving€aÏsentence€of€eight€years€or€less€are€eligible€for€probation.€€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„303(a)(1991).€€Therefore,€the€appellant€is€not€eligible€for€probation.× ƒ5 ××  ×€ÏThis€issue€is€also€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòò òV.€€Conclusionóóó óÌÌà àHaving€considered€the€issues€raised€by€the€appellant,€we€conclude€thatÏthey€are€without€merit.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌÌÌ________________________________ÌLYNN€W.€BROWN,€Special€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà à