ÿWPCù& …# VUNa %¯ 0 (µ4Ýñb 0ª 0D² ö U:þ 8 8 w(@ h 0Jp 0Tº 0^ 0hl 0rÔ 0|F 0†Â 0H 1uØ 0dM B± D3ÎU >U *? 0@iB)©DCÒ AMãbEEŸŠÔ)eý4b–O´v~vÓ AOT%Æ£% 0Di& D/­& BÜ&˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡Ô¡¨ ½¬ @ d3|x- ù-(Z(2®ª$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X‹¡XXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularòUóôUõDö÷Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d$$$$'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò% Line 7 d....7Border 1dd€-/Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€,XÔÌÌNovember€15,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ;Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Had€the€statement€been€offered€to€prove€that€the€victim€brandished€a€knife,€then€aÏhearsay€problem€would€have€attached.Ì •Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€appellant's€brief€argues€"[b]y€finding€[the€appellant]€not€guilty€of€attempted€firstÏdegree€murder,€[sic]€that€discredited€the€[s]tate's€theory€that€this€was€ever€a€plan,€or€that€the€actÏwas€premeditated."Ì ÊÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Attempted€second€degree€murder,€as€charged€in€this€case,€is€acting€with€the€intent€toÏcommit€second€degree€murder,€"under€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€as€the€defendantÏbelieved€them€to€be,€and€the€conduct€constituted€a€substantial€step€toward€commission€of€theÏoffense."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(a)(3)€(1991€Repl.).€€Conduct€does€not€constitute€aÏsubstantial€step€unless€one's€entire€course€of€action€is€corroborative€of€an€intent€to€commit€theÏoffense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(b)€(1990€Repl.).Ì [Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€trial€judge€stated:ÌÌà8 àI'm€satisfied€with€the€judgment€or€the€verdict€of€the€jury,€and€I'm€satisfied€with€theÏsentence€that€I€have€imposed.Ì *Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€appellant€erroneously€argues€that:ÌÌà8 àIn€order€for€this€[factor]€to€apply,€it€must€be€shown€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€thatÏVines,€Wagner€and€Dixon€were€criminal€actors€in€this€case.ÌÌThis€argument€does€not€comport€with€the€sentencing€procedure€in€Tennessee.€€The€1989€ActÏdoes€not€require€the€state€to€prove€this€factor€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€victim's€knife€was€found€unopened€and€in€his€pocket€by€a€hospital€attendant.Ì EÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÔ€,Ôòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Deadly€weapon€is€defined€as€"[a]nything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€isÏcapable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„105(a)(5)(B)€(1991ÏRepl.);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€835€S.W.2d€32€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(finding€sock€filled€withÏcoins€deadly€weapon).€€Rocks€have,€for€centuries,€been€utilized€as€deadly€weapons.ÌPtPtHHøHÿöÿòV,(ühhØ hd'0ÿÎÿºF ® Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÙ€€ÙÔ€,ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€01/;+'h|` ç `€€Lßà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÓ ` ܆XDp”X Óà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€à à€€€€àQ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ` °‡XDp”XÓà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àSEPTEMBER€1996ÏSESSIONó óÌÌÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` cÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00269€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellee,à à)Ìà àà à)€Wayne€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Honorable€James€L.€Weatherford,€JudgeÌò òà àó óà à)ò òÌTIMOTHY€JENKINS,ó óà à)€(Attempted€Second€Degree€Murder)€€à àà à)€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellant.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌCurtis€F.€Hopperà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€Ì404€West€Main€StreetÌP.O.€Box€220à àDarian€B.€TaylorÌSavannah,€TN€38372à àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àMike€BottomsÌà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àRobert€C.€SandersÌà àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àP.O.€Box€459Ìà àLawrenceburg,€TN€38464ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÑ  ÑÑ7€v%XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÓ ` ¸ pÓò òÔ  Ôà àà ààQ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÌÌÓÓ›à àThe€appellant,€Timothy€Jenkins,€was€convicted€of€attempted€secondÏdegree€murder.€€He€was€sentenced€to€twelve€years€incarceration€and€finedÏ$25,000.00.€€He€raises€five€issues€on€appeal€and€argues:Ìà à1.€€The€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€state€of€mind€evidence;Ìà à2.€€The€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction;Ìà à3.€€The€trial€judge€failed€to€properly€perform€his€duty€as€thirteenth€juror;Ìà à4.€€His€sentence€was€excessive;€andÌà à5.€€His€fine€was€excessive.ÌWe€affirm.ÌœÌÌ›ÌÓ  Óò òFACTSó óÌÓ  Óà àIn€July€of€1994,€the€victim€summoned€the€police€to€remove€the€appellantÏfrom€his€home.€€As€he€was€being€escorted€from€the€victim's€residence,€theÏappellant€informed€the€victim€that€he€"would€get€him€back€for€this."ÌÌà àKaren€Wagner€testified€at€trial.€€She€stated€that€in€September€of€1994,Ïshe,€the€appellant,€Terry€Dixon,€and€Tina€Vines€were€together€in€an€automobileÏdriven€by€Ms.€Vines.€€They€made€plans€to€go€to€a€fair.€€Ms.€Vines€told€theÏappellant€that€they€could€get€money€from€the€victim.€€She€headed€toward€œtheÏvictim's›€house.€€The€appellant€responded,€"I'd€like€to€kick€his€butt€for€calling€theÏlaw€on€[me]."€€Prior€to€arriving€at€the€victim's€house,€Ms.€Vines€stopped€at€anÏunderpass.€€Both€the€appellant€and€Mr.€Dixon€exited€the€car.ÌÌà àMs.€Vines€and€Ms.€Wagner€drove€to€the€victim's€home.€When€theyÏarrived,€Ms.€Vines€honked€her€horn€until€the€victim€walked€outside.€€She€urgedÏthe€victim€to€accompany€them€to€a€fair.€€He€acquiesced.ÌÌà àThe€victim€got€in€the€car€with€Ms.€Vines.€€They€then€proceeded€back€to€theÏunderpass€where€Ms.€Vines€had€previously€dropped€off€the€appellant€and€Mr.ÏDixon.€€The€victim€asked€Ms.€Vines€where€she€was€going.€€Ms.€Vines€respondedÏthat€œthey€were€going›€to€pick€up€the€appellant€and€Mr.€Dixon.€€The€victim€statedÏ"[n]o,€don't€take€me€back€down€there,€just€take€me€home€.€.€.€I€don't€want€to€beÍaround€them."€€Ms.€Vines€then€assured€the€victim€that€everything€was€fine.€€TheÏvictim€responded,€"I€just€don't€want€no€trouble."ÌÌà àMs.€Vines,€Ms.€Wagner,€and€the€victim€arrived€at€the€underpass.€€TheÏappellant€and€Mr.€Dixon€got€into€the€back€seat€with€the€victim.€€AfterÏapproximately€five€to€ten€minutes,€the€appellant€began€asking€the€victim€why€heÏhad€called€the€law€on€him.€€The€appellant€then€elbowed€the€victim€in€the€faceÏand€instructed€Ms.€Vines€to€stop€the€car.ÌÌà àWhen€the€car€stopped,€the€appellant€and€the€victim€exchanged€words.€ÏMs.€Wagner€testified€that€the€victim€indicated€he€did€not€want€to€get€out€of€theÏcar.€€The€appellant€then€forcefully€removed€the€victim€from€the€car.€€TheÏappellant€picked€up€a€rock€and€began€beating€the€victim€with€the€rock.€€Ms.ÏWagner€heard€the€appellant€yell€"[d]ie"€and€saw€blood€"going€everywhere."€€SheÏthought€the€victim€was€dead.ÌÌà àThe€victim€suffered€massive€trauma€to€his€face€and€head.€€He€sustained€aÏbroken€nose€and€a€cracked€forehead.€€His€teeth€were€jammed€down€into€hisÏthroat.€€He€had€to€be€airlifted€by€helicopter€to€Nashville.ÌÌÓ  Óò òSTATE€OF€MIND€EVIDENCEó óÌÓ  Óà àAt€trial,€the€appellant€attempted€to€establish€a€self„defense€theory.€€HeÏtestified€as€to€his€version€of€the€œevents€as€they€transpired.›€€He€stated€that€theÍvictim€was€drunk,€overbearing,€and€attracted€to€his€girlfriend,€Ms.€Vines.€€HeÏstated€that€the€victim€told€him€"[y]ou€ain't€no€good€for€her"€and€made€commentsÏabout€his€family.€€The€victim€called€him€an€SOB€several€times.€€Later,€the€victimÏpulled€out€a€knife.€€The€appellant€stated€that€the€victim€swung€the€knife€towardÏhim€and€said€"I'll€cut€off€your€head€off."€€The€appellant€claimed€that€he€told€theÏvictim€to€put€the€knife€away€before€he€accidentally€cut€someone.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€testified€that€Ms.€Vines€stopped€the€car.€€She€then€toldÏthem€to€get€out€of€the€car€if€they€wanted€to€fight.€€The€appellant,€however,€exitedÏthe€car€only€to€relieve€his€bladder.€€He€alleged€that€while€he€was€urinating,€theÏvictim€jumped€him€and€knocked€him€to€the€ground.€€He€stated€that€the€victimÏthen€choked€him€and€attempted€to€stab€him.€€During€the€ensuing€struggle,€theÏappellant€maintained€that€he€grabbed€a€rock€and€struck€the€victim€in€self„defense.ÌÌà àOn€direct€examination,€the€appellant€attempted€to€offer€evidence€of€theÏvictim's€reputation€for€violence.€€Initially,€he€testified€that€the€victim€had€pulled€aÏknife€on€a€deputy.€€Then€the€appellant€stated:ÌÌÓÓà8 àA.€€I've€heard€people€say€that€he's€pulled€a€knife€on€them€out€thereÏat€the€beer€joint€he€goes€to.ÌÌà àMr.€Sanders:€€Objection€to€what€he's€heard€people€say,€Your€Honor.ÌÌà àThe€Court:€€Sustain€the€objection,€jury€will€disregard€that€last€statement.ÌÌà à.€.€.ÌÌà àQ.€€Your€Honor,€believed€he€can€testify€as€to€what€he€knows.ÌÌà8 àThe€Court:€€Well,€what€he€knows,€yeah,€but€not€what€somebodyÏtold€him€and€the€threats€that€were€made€to€him€about€himself,€heÏcan€do€that.€€Go€[a]head.ÌÌÓÓÌThe€trial€judge€apparently€sustained€the€objection€on€the€basis€of€hearsay.ÌÌà àEvidence€of€the€victim's€reputation€for€violence,€in€this€context,€is€notÏoffered€for€the€truth€of€the€matter€asserted.€€Whether€the€victim€actuallyÏbrandished€a€knife€at€a€beer€joint€was€irrelevant.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€The€statement€was€offered€toÏshow€the€appellant's€state€of€mind€or€his€apprehension€of€imminent€danger.€ÏAccordingly,€the€excluded€testimony€was€neither€hearsay€nor€inadmissible.ÌÌà àUpon€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€find€that€the€error€did€not€affect€theÏjury's€verdict.€€The€appellant€developed€a€self„defense€theory.€€He€profferedÏevidence€that€the€victim:€€(1)€€carried€a€knife,€(2)€€on€occasion€used€a€knife€in€aÏcombative€manner,€and€(3)€€was€the€first€aggressor.€€Overwhelming€evidence,Ïhowever,€suggested€that€the€appellant€was€the€aggressor.€€Both€the€victim€and€aÏco„defendant€testified€that€the€appellant€was€the€aggressor.€€The€jury€apparentlyÏaccredited€their€testimony€over€that€of€the€appellant's.€€The€error€was,€therefore,Ïharmless.ÌÌÓ  Óò òSUFFICIENCYó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant€alleges€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€hisÏconviction.€€The€appellant€was€indicted€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€TheÏjury,€however,€acquitted€him€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€found€himÏguilty€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€He€fallaciously€argues€that€hisÏacquittal€of€first€degree€murder€negated€the€finding€of€the€requisite€mentalÏelements€of€second€degree€murder.× ƒ3 ××  ×€€He€argues€this€negation€of€mentalÏelements€precluded€the€jury€from€finding€him€guilty€of€attempted€second€degreeÏmurder.ÌÌà àGreat€weight€is€accorded€jury€verdicts€in€criminal€trials.€€Jury€verdictsÏaccredit€state's€witnesses€and€resolve€all€evidentiary€conflicts€in€the€state'sÏfavor.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73,€78€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€bothÏthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.Ï1978).€€Moreover,€guilty€verdicts€remove€the€presumption€of€innocence,€enjoyedÏby€defendants€at€trial,€and€replace€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,Ï493€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).€€Appellants,€therefore,€carry€the€burden€ofÏovercoming€a€presumption€of€guilt€when€appealing€jury€convictions.€€òòIdóó.ÌÌà àWhen€appellants€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€CourtÏmust€determine€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€toÏthe€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€a€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï13(e).€€The€weight€and€credibility€of€a€witness'€testimony€are€matters€entrustedÏexclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542Ï(Tenn.€1984);€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).ÌÌà àOne€intending€an€act€that€would€constitute€second€degree€murder,€ifÏaccomplished,€but€fails€to€accomplish€the€intended€act€is€guilty€of€attemptedÏsecond€degree€murder.× ƒ4 ××  ×€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101€(1991€Repl.);€òòState€v.ÏKimbrough,óó€924€S.W.2d€888,€890€(Tenn.€1996).€€Second€degree€murder€is€"aÏknowing€killing€of€another."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101€(1991€Repl.);€òòseeóóÏòòState€v.€Estesóó,€655€S.W.2d€179,€193€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983)€(holding€"willfulÏand€malicious,€unlawful€killing€of€a€person€upon€a€sudden€impulse€of€passion,Ïwithout€adequate€provocation,€and€disconnected€with€any€previous€formedÏdesign€to€kill€is€murder€in€the€second€degree.").€€Second€degree€murderÍrequires€malice.€€òòCapps€v.€Stateóó,€478€S.W.2d€905€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972).€ÏMalice€may€be€inferred€from€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòState€v.€Caldwellóó,€671ÏS.W.2d€459,€463€(Tenn.€1984);€€òòState€v.€Byerlyóó,€658€S.W.2d€134,€138€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1983).€€A€jury€may€also€infer€malice€from€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€the€killing.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€751€S.W.2d€851,€855€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1988).ÌÌà àThe€record€reveals€that€the€appellant€waited€at€an€underpass€forÏapproximately€forty€minutes€for€the€victim.€€When€the€appellant's€friendsÏreturned€with€the€victim€and€the€victim€saw€the€appellant€waiting€at€theÏunderpass,€the€victim€requested€to€be€taken€home.€€The€victim's€requests,Ïhowever,€were€ignored.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€entered€the€automobile€and€sat€in€the€rear€seat€with€theÏvictim.€€The€appellant€asked€the€victim€why€he€called€the€"law"€on€him€and€hadÏhim€thrown€out€of€victim's€house.€€The€appellant€then€began€striking€the€œvictim›€inÏthe€face€with€his€elbow.€€The€car€pulled€over€to€the€side€of€the€road.€€TheÏappellant€then€dragged€the€victim€out€of€the€car€and€beat€him€with€a€rock.€€HeÏyelled€"die"€as€he€was€hitting€him.ÌÌà àThe€beating€rendered€the€victim€unconscious.€€He€had€lost€aÏconsiderable€amount€of€blood,€and€his€pulse€was€low.€€His€face€was€swollen,Ïand€his€eye€appeared€to€be€hanging€from€its€socket.€€His€tongue€was€so€swollenÍthat€a€normal€ventilation€tube€could€not€inserted€into€his€mouth.€€Moreover,€theÏvictim€had€to€be€life€flighted€to€the€hospital.ÌÌà àContrary€to€the€appellant's€assertions,€the€record€amply€supports€theÏjury's€findings.€€The€jury€could€have€found€that,€although€the€appellant€lackedÏthe€requisite€premeditation€and€deliberation€for€first€degree€murder,€he€intendedÏto€kill€the€victim€as€he€repeatedly€struck€the€victim€with€the€rock.€€This€issue€isÏdevoid€of€merit.ÌÌÌÓ  Óò òòò13TH€JURORóóó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant's€next€assignment€of€error€argues€that€the€trial€judge€failedÏto€properly€discharge€his€duty€as€thirteenth€juror.€€The€appellant€argues€that€theÏcourt€erred€by€"simply€accepting€the€jury's€verdict€without€making€any€particularÏfindings€of€fact€.€.€.€."€€The€appellant€maintains€that€the€trial€court's€use€of€"accept"Ïshows€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€make€specific€findings€of€fact€and€improperlyÏdeferred€to€the€jury's€findings.ÌÌà àThe€appellant's€argument€is€misguided.€€The€proper€inquiry€is€not€the€useÏof€any€magical€verbiage,€but€whether€the€trial€court€unequivocally€found€theÏevidence€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€judge€neitherÏequivocated€on€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€nor€expressedÍdissatisfaction€with€the€judgment.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Dankworthóó,€919€S.W.2d€52Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òEXCESSIVE€SENTENCEó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant's€last€assignment€of€error€challenges€his€sentence€asÏbeing€excessive.€€He€argues:€€(1)€€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(1995€Supp.),€(2)€€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(2)€(1995€Supp.),€(3)€€the€trial€court€erred€in€applyingÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4)€(1995€Supp.),€and€(4)€€the€trial€court€erred€inÏapplying€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10)€(1995€œSupp.).ÌÌÓ  Óò òIó óÌÓ  Óà àTennessee›€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„114(1)€permits€enhancement€for€aÏprevious€history€of€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€that€necessary€to€establishÏrange.€€The€record€indicates€that€the€appellant€has€had€approximately€forty€(40)Ïcriminal€convictions€that€were€not€used€in€establishing€range.€€This€factor€isÏamply€supported.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIIó óÌÓ  Óà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„114(2)€permits€enhancement€whenÏthe€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€a€crime€involving€two€or€moreÏcriminal€actors.× ƒ6 ××  ×€€The€record€supports€a€finding€that€Wagner,€Vines,€and€DixonÏwere€all€aware€and€participated€in€the€appellant's€scheme€to€physically€assaultÏthe€victim.€€Moreover,€the€record€supports€a€finding€that€the€appellant€was€theÏleader€in€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIIIó óÌÓ  Óà àPursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4),€sentencing€courts€mayÏenhance€provided€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€due€to€age.€€The€victimÏwas€fifty„one€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€attack.€€He€weighed€approximately€140Ïpounds.€€The€victim€had€consumed€"a€couple€of€six„packs€[of€beer]"€prior€toÏbeing€attacked.€€The€victim€stated€that€he€was€not€in€"any€condition€to€defendÏ[himself]."ÌÌà àThe€victim's€inability€to€defend€himself€due€to€his€voluntary€intoxication,Ïunder€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€support€enhancement.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏBeckmeiróó,€902€S.W.2d€418€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(holding€victim'sÏintoxication€which€rendered€her€unconscious€was€evidence€supporting€factor).€ÍHowever,€the€weight€afforded€this€factor€should€be€minimal.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌÌÓ  Óò òIVó óÌÓ  Óà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„114(10)€permits€enhancementÏwhen€a€defendant€has€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€involving€a€highÏrisk€to€human€life.€€Factor€(10)€is€an€essential€element€of€attempted€secondÏdegree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Crow,óó€No.€€01C01„9310„CR„00348€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.ÏMay€11,€1995).€€Accordingly,€the€factor€was€improperly€applied.ÌÌÓ  Óò òMITIGATING€FACTORó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant€alleges€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€applying€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„113(2)€(1990€Repl.).€€Factor€(2)€permits€sentence€mitigation€whenÏthe€defendant€acted€under€a€strong€provocation.€€The€appellant€asserts€that€aÏstrong€provocation€existed€because€the€victim€"wielded€a€knife€towards€[him]."€ÏThe€record,€however,€supports€the€trial€judge's€finding€that€the€appellant's€attackÏwas€unprovoked.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òSENTENCESó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€trial€court€found€and€the€record€supports€application€of€enhancementÏfactors€(1),€(2),€and€(4)€to€the€appellant'€œsentence.€€€Factor€(10),›€however,€wasÏimproperly€applied.€€In€addition,€we€find€that€the€appellant€employed€a€deadly€Ìweapon€during€commission€of€his€offense.œ× ƒ8 ××  ×›€€In€the€absence€of€any€mitigatingÏfactors,€we€cannot€state€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€sentencesÏimposed€by€the€trial€judge.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÌÌÌEXCESSIVE€FINESó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant's€last€assignment€of€error€is€that€his€fine€was€excessive.€ÏThe€jury€assessed€him€the€maximum€fine€of€œ$€25,000.00.›€€He€argues€that€heÏmakes€only€$€5.00€an€hour€and,€therefore,€the€fine€of€$€25,000.00€is€"clearlyÏbeyond€that€which€[he]€is€able€to€œpay."ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ , Òà àThe›€defendant's€ability€to€pay€a€fine€is€not€necessarily€a€controlling€factor.€ÏOppressive€fines€can€disrupt€rehabilitation.€€A€significant€fine,€however,€is€notÏautomatically€prohibited€merely€due€to€imposition€of€a€financial€hardship.€€FinesÌÒ 4 ÒÒ X Òmay€be€punitive.€€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€542€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€ÏAccordingly,€other€factors€must€be€considered€when€assessing€a€fine'sÏappropriateness.ÌÌà àUpon€consideration€of€the€record€and€the€intentions€of€the€SentencingÏReform€Act,€we€conclude€that€the€fine€is€appropriate.€€The€appellant€is€a€poorÏcandidate€for€rehabilitation€and€has€apparently€been€less€than€candid€with€the€trialÏcourt.€€He€has€an€extensive€criminal€record.€€His€social€history€and€backgroundÏshow€little€productivity€to€society.€€He€inflicted€serious€and€permanent€injuries€uponÏthe€victim.€€To€lessen€or€obviate€the€fine€may€depreciate€the€seriousness€of€theÏoffense.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óœÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àÌÌà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€Special€Judge