ÿWPC­ …UBV %˜U.ž 0CÌnX 04w 4« 0J¿ 0T 0^] 0h» 0r# 0|• 0† 0— 1u' U,œ 0dÈ U,,U6XB)ŽDC· AMúG BY~vv~ôvÓr D3E 0@x AO¸Æ 0PÍ 0D D/a B<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó#|x׫<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Óo„pÿÿÿÿ Ôô2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌFebruary€23,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó d tÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€ÔThe€appellant€was€indicted€as€"Stan€Jernigan."€€He€testified€that€his€full€name€isÏ"Stanley€R.€Jernigan."€€The€two€names€refer€to€the€same€person,€the€appellant€in€thisÏcause.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5((3-¹$¢¢Ý ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔßL€"#!;+'h|` ç `€€LßIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJUNE€1995€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9410„CR„00337Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJ.€Randall€Wyatt,€Jr.,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)ÌSTAN€JERNIGAN,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌLionel€R.€Barrett,€Jr.à àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌWashington€Square€Two,€Suite€417à àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ222€Second€Avenue,€Northà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0495ÌNashville,€TN€37201Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMary€M.€BersÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0488ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€North€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tn€37201„1649ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€R.€ReedÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€503Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€North€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€JudgeÌØØÙ  ÙÑ7€o6XXdæXXdÈ7ÑÓ  Óò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€Davidson€County€Grand€Jury€returned€a€fourteen€count€indictment€againstÏthe€appellant,€Stan€Jernigan.× ƒ% ××  ×€€The€indictment€charged€the€appellant€with€two€(2)Ïcounts€of€aggravated€rape,€a€Class€A€felony,€eleven€(11)€counts€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery,€a€Class€B€felony,€and€(1)€count€of€sexual€battery,€a€Class€E€felony.€€TheÏappellant€entered€pleas€of€guilty€to€five€(5)€counts€of€attempt€to€commit€aggravatedÏsexual€battery,€a€Class€C€felony,€pursuant€to€a€plea€bargain€agreement.€€Since€theÏparties€could€not€reach€an€agreement€on€the€appropriate€punishment,€a€sentencingÏhearing€was€conducted€by€the€trial€court.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€aÏstandard€offender€and€sentenced€the€appellant€to€a€Range€I€sentence€of€confinementÏfor€five€(5)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€in€each€count.€€The€trial€court€orderedÏthat€the€sentences€imposed€in€Counts€1,€2,€10,€and€11€are€to€be€served€concurrently€toÍeach€other,€but€the€sentences€are€to€be€served€consecutively€to€Count€13.€€Therefore,Ïthe€effective€sentence€imposed€is€confinement€for€ten€(10)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.Ìà àFour€issues€are€presented€for€review.€€However,€these€issues€may€beÏconsolidated€into€three€issues,€namely:€€(a)€the€sentences€imposed€were€excessive,Ï(b)€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencing,€and€(c)€theÏtrial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€grant€some€form€of€alternative€sentencing.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€was€fifty„four€years€of€age€when€he€was€sentenced.€€His€marriageÏended€in€divorce€in€1976.€€The€only€child€born€to€this€union€is€twenty„five€(25)€years€ofÏage.€€The€appellant€has€a€bachelor€of€science€degree€in€psychology€and€sociology.€ÏHe€has€a€masters€degree€in€social€work€with€a€speciality€in€child€welfare.€€Thereafter,Ïhe€spent€most€of€his€life€counselling€others.€€He€assisted€in€the€development€of€a€drugÏand€alcohol€abuse€center€and€served€as€its€director.Ìà àWhen€sentenced,€the€appellant's€primary€concern€was€his€comatose€father,€whoÏwas€ninety„two€years€of€age.€€His€father€was€maintained€in€a€nursing€home€until€theÏfamily€funds€were€depleted.€€Thereafter,€the€appellant€took€care€of€his€father€at€home.€ÏHe€did€some€consultation,€worked€with€his€son€on€a€contract€for€billing€at€a€localÏuniversity,€and€helped€manage€rental€property.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€also€active€in€his€church€over€a€period€of€years.€€He€taughtÏchurch€school€at€all€levels,€was€active€on€several€church€committees,€served€as€youthÏdirector€for€almost€four€years,€and€had€spoken€to€the€congregation€during€services€onÏseveral€occasions.Ìà àThe€appellant€became€acquainted€with€the€victims€and€their€two€older€brothersÏwhen€they€lived€across€the€street€from€him.€€They€visited€his€residence.€€He€recognizedÏthat€the€children€were€neglected€and€abused.€€It€seems€that€their€mother€and€fatherÏhad€become€addicted€to€drugs€and€alcohol.€€Their€mother€was€convicted€and€sent€toÏjail.€€The€father€placed€the€children€in€a€home.Ìà àOn€weekends€the€appellant€went€to€visit€the€children.€€He€took€their€father€withÏhim€when€their€father€could€go.€€The€appellant€cared€for€the€children€in€his€home€onÏalternate€weekends.€€The€children€were€separated€at€one€point.€€Eventually,€all€theÏchildren€became€unhappy€residing€in€the€home.€€Shortly€before€the€children's€motherÏwas€to€be€released€from€jail,€their€father€took€them€from€the€home€and€allowed€them€toÏlive€in€the€appellant's€home.€€This€arrangement€was€to€last€during€the€summer.€€TheÏchildren's€mother€and€father€were€going€to€unite,€obtain€a€place€to€live,€and€theÏchildren€would€live€with€their€parents.€€However,€it€may€be€gleaned€from€the€record€thatÏtheir€mother€and€father€continued€to€have€problems€related€to€alcohol€and€drugÏaddiction.€€What€was€to€last€a€summer€ended€in€the€children€living€with€the€appellantÏfor€several€years.€€The€mother€eventually€obtained€the€two€youngest€children,€theÏvictims€in€this€case,€and€the€two€older€boys€continued€to€live€with€the€appellant.€ÏAlthough€adults€and€working,€the€boys,€now€young€men,€continued€to€live€with€theÏappellant.€€The€victims€would€occasionally€visit€the€appellant€until€it€was€discoveredÏthat€he€had€sexually€abused€them.Ìà àThe€appellant€readily€acknowledged€his€guilt.€€He€stated€that€he€has€had€anÏattraction€to€young€boys€between€the€ages€of€ten€and€fourteen.€€This€problem€hadÏexisted€for€approximately€forty€years€of€his€life.€€He€received€treatment€for€this€conditionÍin€the€1970s,€but€professionals€in€the€fields€of€psychology€and€psychiatry€did€not€knowÏhow€to€treat€such€conditions.€€The€appellant€consulted€a€clinical€psychologist€who€hasÏhad€a€wealth€of€experience€in€treating€sex€offenders€as€well€as€victims€of€sexualÏabuse.€€He€was€being€treated€by€this€person€until€the€time€of€the€sentencing€hearing.Ìà àNo€one€has€been€able€to€determine€why€the€appellant€has€an€attraction€to€boys.€€ÏThe€psychologist€testified€that€the€appellant€had€a€normal€childhood€except€for€havingÏpolio.€€As€a€result,€he€could€not€play€sports€or€engage€in€many€other€activities.€€SheÏopined€that€this€may€have€been€the€cause€for€his€desire.Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€that€he€has€his€pedophilia€condition€under€control.€€HeÏhad€prepared€what€is€called€a€Relapse€Prevention€Plan.€€This€plan€explained€how€theÏappellant€would€guard€against€a€relapse.€€He€intended€to€stay€away€from€childrenÏunless€there€were€adults€present.€€He€planned€to€stay€away€from€some€public€facilitiesÏso€that€he€would€not€see€the€children,€and,€therefore,€would€not€be€able€to€engage€inÏfantasies€at€a€later€time.€€It€was€an€extremely€elaborate€plan.€€It€had€been€refined€andÏapproved€by€the€psychologist.Ìà àIt€was€the€opinion€of€the€psychologist€that€the€appellant€was€not€a€"predator,"Ïwho€drives€around€the€city€looking€for€young€boys,€goes€to€playgrounds€seeking€them,Ïor€tries€to€cultivate€friendships€with€such€children.€€In€this€case,€the€victims€were€livingÏin€the€same€house€with€the€appellant.Ìà àThe€psychologist€testified€that€the€appellant's€prognosis€was€good€but€guarded.€ÏShe€stated€that€the€appellant€"would€have€to€continue€in€therapy,€long„term€intensiveÏtherapy."€€She€also€recommended€that€if€he€remained€in€society,€the€appellant€shouldÏbe€placed€under€house€arrest€or€subjected€to€electronic€monitoring.€€This€would€alertÍthe€responsible€authorities€and€professionals€if€there€were€any€"red€flags"€indicating€aÏneed€for€correction.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€described€by€his€friends,€family€members,€and€co„employeesÏat€the€drug€and€alcohol€abuse€center€as€being€an€excellent€person,€a€good€friend,Ïinterested€in€other€people,€and€always€willing€to€help€others.€€These€individualsÏexpressed€the€view€that€while€the€appellant€had€committed€egregious€crimes,€heÏwould€not€engage€in€this€same€conduct€if€left€in€society.€€The€appellant€expressedÏgreat€remorse€for€his€transgressions.€€He€subsequently€suffered€from€depression,Ïsuffered€great€pain€from€his€condition€and€from€what€he€had€done€to€these€children,Ïand€there€was€concern€that€he€had€expressed€suicidal€tendencies.€€Ìà àÌÓ  Óò òI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€"the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÍApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourt's€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€court's€determination€is€basedÏupon€the€witnesses'€demeanor,€appearance,€and€inflection€in€their€voices.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210.€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€were€erroneous.€€SentencingÏCommission€Comments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÏ169;€òòButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€at€311.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àIf€an€accused€has€been€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D,€or€E€felony€and€sentenced€asÏeither€an€especially€mitigated€offender€or€standard€offender,€there€is€a€presumption,Ïrebuttable€in€nature,€that€the€accused€is€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÏsentencing€unless€disqualified€by€some€other€provision€of€the€Tennessee€CriminalÍSentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102€provides€in€part:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  Ò(5)€€In€recognition€that€state€prison€capacities€and€the€fundsÏto€build€and€maintain€them€are€limited,€convicted€felonsÏcommitting€the€most€severe€offenses,€possessing€criminalÏhistories€evincing€a€clear€disregard€for€the€laws€and€moralsÏof€society,€and€evincing€failure€of€past€efforts€atÏrehabilitation€shall€be€given€first€priority€regardingÏsentencing€involving€incarceration;€€andÌÌ(6)€€A€defendant€who€does€not€fall€within€the€parameters€ofÏsubdivision€(5)€and€is€an€especially€mitigated€or€standardÏoffender€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D€or€E€felony€is€presumedÏto€be€a€favorable€candidate€€for€alternative€sentencing€Ïoptions€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€the€contrary.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€sentencing€process€must€necessarily€commence€with€a€determination€ofÏwhether€the€accused€is€entitled€to€the€presumption.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€832€S.W.2d€atÏ169.€€As€the€Supreme€Court€said€in€òòAshbyóó:€€"If€[the]€determination€is€favorable€to€theÏdefendant,€the€trial€court€òòmustóó€presume€that€he€is€subject€to€alternative€sentencing.€€IfÏthe€court€is€presented€with€evidence€sufficient€to€overcome€the€presumption,€then€itÏmay€sentence€the€defendant€to€confinement€according€to€the€statutory€provision[s]."€Ï823€S.W.2d€at€169€(emphasis€added).€€The€presumption€can€be€successfully€rebuttedÏby€facts€contained€in€the€presentence€report,€evidence€presented€by€the€state,€theÏtestimony€of€the€accused€or€a€defense€witness,€or€any€other€source€provided€it€isÏadmissible€as€evidence€and€made€a€part€of€the€record.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€appellant€was€entitled€to€the€presumption€that€he€was€aÏfavorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€standardÏoffender€and€convicted€of€a€Class€C€felony.€€Therefore,€the€question€presented€to€thisÏCourt€is€whether€the€state€was€able€to€overcome€this€presumption.Ìà àThe€trial€court€denied€the€appellant's€request€for€an€alternative€sentence€toÏavoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses€committed€by€the€appellant€as€wellÏas€to€deter€the€appellant€and€others€from€committing€sexual€offenses€against€children.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€€The€question€of€whether€the€appellant€canÏactually€be€rehabilitated€is€a€question€open€to€debate.€€He€has€been€a€pedophile€forÏforty€years€by€his€own€admission.€€The€record€reveals€the€seriousness€and€extent€of€hisÏ"sexual€appetite,"€a€phrase€used€by€the€appellant.€€This€is€evidenced€by€the€appellant'sÏtestimony€and€the€document€designated€as€a€"Relapse€Prevention€Plan."Ìà àThe€ruling€of€the€trial€court€showed€concern€that€if€the€appellant€was€releasedÏinto€society,€he€may€have€a€relapse.€€This€would€subject€other€young€children€to€theÏappellant's€deviant€disposition.€€Moreover,€the€appellant's€own€psychologist€gave€aÏguarded€prognosis.€€She€recommended€extensive,€prolonged€therapy,€and€houseÏarrest€or€electronic€surveillance.€€According€to€the€psychologist,€this€format€wouldÏdetect€the€existence€of€any€"red€flags."€Ìà àThis€Court€concludes€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€refusing€toÏgrant€the€appellant's€request€for€alternative€sentencing.€€€€€€ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€found€two€mitigating€factors€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€extremely€remorseful€for€hisÏtransgressions.€€He€also€found€that€the€appellant€spared€the€victims€and€their€familyÏfrom€a€lengthy€trial€by€pleading€guilty€to€the€offenses€in€question.€€The€trial€court€foundÍthree€enhancement€factors:€€(a)€the€victims€were€particularly€vulnerable€due€to€age,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4);€(b)€the€appellant€committed€these€offenses€to€gratifyÏhis€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7);€and€(c)€theÏappellant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(15).€€BasedÏupon€the€evidence€presented€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€should€haveÏfound€that€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victims€were€particularly€great.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(6).Ìà àThe€appellant€challenges€two€of€the€enhancement€factors€applied€by€the€trialÏcourt€and€contends€there€are€additional€mitigating€circumstances€that€were€notÏconsidered€by€the€trial€court.€€First,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€toÏprove€that€the€victims€were€particularly€vulnerable€and€the€offenses€were€committed€toÏgratify€his€desire€for€pleasure€and€excitement.€à àÌÓÓÌÓ  ÓÓÓò òA.ÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  Ó(1)ÌÓ  ÓÌà àó óThe€appellant€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€establish€the€victims€wereÏ"particularly"€vulnerable€within€the€meaning€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4).€€HeÏalso€contends€that€this€factor€is€"closely€tied€to€the€private€position€of€trust€abuseÏenhancement€factor."Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€that€the€victims,€who€were€quite€young€when€the€sexualÏabuse€occurred,€had€been€"abused,€neglected€emotionally,€physically,"€and€he€"knewÍthat€they€were€needy€and€vulnerable."€€The€psychologist€who€was€treating€theÏappellant€testified€that€the€children's€past€was€"chaotic."€€Also,€their€love€and€respectÏfor€the€appellant€as€well€as€their€desire€to€live€away€from€the€children's€home€causedÏvictim€S.S.€to€please€the€appellant€so€that€she€could€remain€in€his€home.€ò ò€ó óòòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏHenry€Smithóó,€Claiborne€County€No.€03„C„01„9407„CR„00252€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€March€21,€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€abuse€of€victim€R.S.Ïoccurred€during€a€visit.€€However,€there€is€evidence€that€he€too€loved€the€appellant€forÏthe€same€reason.€€The€state€established€this€factor€through€the€appellant's€ownÏtestimony.Ìà àContrary€to€the€appellant's€unique€argument,€this€enhancement€factor€isÏcompletely€separate€from€factor€(15).€€It€takes€separate€facts€to€establish€each€factor.€ÏFurthermore,€the€evidence€may€support€either€factor€independent€of€the€other.€€TheÏevidence,€as€in€this€case,€may€support€both€factors.ò òÌà àó óThe€trial€court€properly€applied€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentences€within€theÏappropriate€range.€ò òÓ  Ó(2)ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€evidence€presented€at€the€sentencing€hearing€established€that€the€sexualÏabuse€of€the€two€victims€was€motivated€by€the€appellant's€desire€for€sexual€pleasure.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€The€record€is€replete€with€testimony€concerning€theÏappellant€seeing€young€boys€in€public€and€indulging€in€fantasies€that€involved€theÏappellant€and€the€young€boys.€€In€this€case,€he€testified€that€he€was€too€weak€to€resistÏthe€temptation€of€the€female€victim,€S.S.,€while€she€resided€in€the€residence€with€him.Ìà àThe€appellant€prepared€what€is€referred€to€as€a€Relapse€Prevention€Plan.€€InÍessence,€this€plan€sets€forth€what€the€appellant€planned€to€do€if€he€was€left€in€society€toÏavoid€contact€with€children.€€He€described€the€"beast€within€me"€as€his€"sexualÏappetite."€€While€the€appellant€described€the€plan€as€"overkill,"€it€illustrated€theÏappellant's€exceptionally€strong€sexual€appetite.€€One€of€the€measures€the€appellantÏwould€take€is€to€avoid€public€restrooms.€€He€was€afraid€that€if€he€saw€young€boys€in€aÏsemi„nude€state,€he€would€begin€to€fantasize€about€the€young€boys.€€He€wasÏconcerned€that€such€circumstances€would€result€in€his€losing€control€of€his€sexualÏdrive€again.€€The€trial€court€expressed€serious€concern€about€the€extent€of€theÏappellant's€condition€when€viewing€the€Relapse€Prevention€Plan.Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentences€within€theÏappropriate€range.€ÌÌÓ  Óò ò(3)ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€evidence€adduced€at€the€sentencing€hearing€revealed€that€the€victims€hadÏvisited€in€the€home€of€the€appellant€frequently.€€When€the€victims'€family€structureÏcollapsed€following€their€parents'€bouts€with€alcohol€and€drug€abuse,€and€the€childrenÏwere€placed€in€the€home€for€children,€the€appellant€visited€the€children€on€alternateÏweekends.€€On€the€other€weekends€the€appellant€brought€the€victims€and€their€twoÏolder€brothers€to€his€home.€€Furthermore,€it€was€the€appellant€who€sought€and€wasÏgiven€permission€to€remove€the€children€from€the€home€so€that€all€four€children€couldÏlive€with€him.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€described€as€a€"father€figure"€to€the€children€and€as€theÍ"caretaker"€of€the€children.€€When€he€sexually€abused€the€two€victims,€the€appellantÏviolated€a€private€trust.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(15);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900ÏS.W.2d€36,€55€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.ÏThomas€Leon€Smithóó,€Davidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9310„CR„00374€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Nashville,€September€15,€1994);€€òòState€v.€Paul€Bensonóó,€Hawkins€County€No.€03„C„01„9307„CR„00241€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€November€30,€1994);€€òòState€v.€RoyÏDavid€McCarteróó,€Blount€County€No.€03„C„01„9402„CR„00050€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€July€14,€1994),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentences€within€theÏappropriate€range.ÌÌÓ  Óò ò(4)ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€should€also€have€used€enhancement€factor€(6)€since€there€wasÏample€evidence€that€the€personal€injuries€sustained€by€the€two€victims€wereÏparticularly€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6).€€This€Court€has€the€authority€toÏfind€and€apply€enhancement€factors€that€are€supported€by€the€evidence€although€notÏapplied€by€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993);€€òòState€v.ÏPearsonóó,€858€S.W.2d€879,€884„85€(Tenn.€1994).Ìà àThe€victims€suffered€severe€psychological€injuries€and€scarring.€€This€Court€hasÏpreviously€held€that€the€phrase€"personal€injury,"€as€used€in€enhancement€factor€(6)€isÏbroad€enough€to€embrace€this€type€of€"injury."€€òòMcKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€at€54;€òòState€v.ÏSmithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929„30€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).Ìà àThe€clinical€social€workers€who€treated€the€victims€testified€at€the€sentencingÏhearing.€€These€witnesses€outlined€the€severe€psychological€scarring€that€was€causedÏby€the€appellant's€actions€in€abusing€the€victims.€€Both€witnesses€opined€that€theÏpsychological€damage€suffered€by€each€witness€will€result€in€extensive,€long„rangeÏcounselling;€€and€both€victims€will€suffer€in€one€form€or€another€for€the€balance€of€theirÏrespective€lives.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€found€that€he€"wasÏsuffering€from€a€mental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpabilityÏfor€the€offense."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€He€also€contends€that€heÏcommitted€the€crimes€in€question€under€circumstances€which€made€it€unlikely€he€had€aÏsustained€intent€to€violate€the€law.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(11).€€The€trial€courtÏrejected€these€mitigating€factors.Ìà àThis€Court€has€reviewed€the€record€at€great€length.€€Since€the€findings€of€factÏmade€by€the€trial€court€are€afforded€a€presumption€of€correctness,€this€Court€finds€thatÏthe€appellant€has€failed€to€overcome€this€presumption.€€€In€reaching€its€findings€of€fact,Ïthe€trial€court€saw€the€appellant,€watched€his€demeanor,€and€heard€the€inflections€inÏhis€voice.€€In€other€words,€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€in€this€regard€are€certainlyÏbased€upon€the€trial€court's€assessment€of€the€appellant's€credibility€as€a€witness€andÏthe€credibility€of€other€defense€witnesses.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIV.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€ordered€that€the€sentences€for€the€offenses€committed€againstÏS.S.€are€to€be€served€consecutively€with€the€sentence€for€the€offense€committedÏagainst€R.S.€€The€effective€sentence€imposed€was€ten€(10)€years.€€The€court€predicatedÏthe€consecutive€sentencing€upon€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€This€statuteÏprovides€that€when€an€accused€"is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offensesÏinvolving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÏarising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€timeÏspan€of€defendant's€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€actsÏand€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims,"€theÏcourt€may€within€the€exercise€of€its€discretion€order€the€sentences€to€be€servedÏconsecutively.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€ordering€consecutiveÏsentencing.€€The€appellant€was€defined€as€a€"father€figure"€or€"caretaker"€of€the€victims.ÏThe€sexual€abuse€of€S.S.€took€place€over€an€extended€period€of€time€while€the€sexualÏabuse€of€R.S.€occurred€after€S.S.€and€R.S.€had€reunited€with€their€mother.€€The€victimsÏwould€return€to€visit€the€appellant€and€their€two€brothers.€€Both€victims€sufferedÏtremendous€psychological€scarring€as€a€result€of€the€sexual€abuse.€€S.S.€wasÏhospitalized€twice€as€a€result€of€her€condition.€€The€clinical€social€workers€treating€theÏvictims€opined€that€the€psychological€scarring€will€remain€with€the€victims€the€balanceÏof€their€lives.Ìà àWhile€the€appellant€is€not€considered€a€"predator,"€of€young€boys,€theÏpsychologist€treating€the€appellant€could€not€guarantee€that€he€was€cured€or€would€notÏengage€in€like€or€similar€conduct€in€the€future.€€The€psychologist€testified€that€hisÏprognosis€was€"guarded."€€She€stated€that€if€the€appellant€was€permitted€to€remain€inÏsociety,€he€would€have€to€have€prolonged,€intensive€treatment,€and€she€recommendedÏthat€the€appellant€be€placed€under€house€arrest€or€electronic€surveillance.€€This€is€theÏonly€way€she€stated€it€could€be€determined€if€any€"red€flags"€were€surfacing.€€TheÏappellant€stated€"children€are€toxic€to€me"€and€testified€that€he€has€had€thisÏpredisposition€for€young€boys€for€forty€years.€€Based€upon€the€Relapse€Protection€PlanÏand€the€psychologists€prognosis,€the€trial€court€was€of€the€opinion€that€the€appellantÏwould€be€a€risk€due€to€his€exceptionally€strong€"sexual€appetite."Ìà àThe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencing.€ÏThe€facts€in€this€case€meet€the€criteria€of€the€statute.€€In€addition,€an€extended€period€ofÏtime€is€essential€to€protect€other€children€from€the€appellant's€sexual€appetite.€€TheÏlength€of€the€sentence€"reasonably€relate[s]€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed."€ÏòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739ÏS.W.2d€227,€230€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà à€€à à€€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€DAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€WILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌ