WPC S([ֲ3idS?L`& PU-[ΰ}YnwFK|/_zj"(v65=Yl$ufD)"Q 6QOh=ݦYPc<WX?}TE畬ԬpYB9u-w4!uq I D|yPW *rw$pSh(o]WޝL؍a;폖{ , j?zAݞ?z24ҟho{U1t ~y6<Ή1m51 =yQVedv}yׁna';O<|_1|3 L?ܗKx.(\rJ.F[wŃ= |nosW4UV՗ ׾!KF<UNF % 0( U: w@ 4< P U:_   U:  U: B D3   0D6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 AOz  0D D/ B(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,  AZ"Arial Regular 9U:;<[=>E?U@GeAӀKuM%3|xU,  AZ"Arial Regular  XXXX gX X   Ad FILED XX g  January14,1999CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular  XXXX gX X   Ad FILED XX g  December21,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular d%%%%'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  @@@@XXXX  TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7)XXdd7  AAKAr *<,(j 8` `@E` 8ttxP  rAKKr *<,(j 8` `@E` 8ttxP  rKAA@  INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@FF'ATNASHVILLE@NN#OCTOBER1998SESSIONSTATEOFTENNESSEE, @-)  ` @-) p NO.01C019710CC00445   L   ` Appellee,@-)  8  @-) p HICKMANCOUNTY     VS. @-)   @-) p HON.CORNELIAA.CLARK,   DAVIDT.JONES, @-) p JUDGE    @-) ` Appellant.@-) p (DUI,3rdOffense) d (  @(#(#( FORTHEAPPELLANT: L JOHNH.HENDERSON DistrictPublicDefender   ELAINEB.BEELER   AssistantDistrictPublicDefender407CMainStreetP.O.Box68Franklin,TN370650068 *z  FORTHEAPPELLEE: L JOHNKNOXWALKUP  $ AttorneyGeneralandReporter TIMOTHYF.BEHAN  " AssistantAttorneyGeneralCordellHullBuilding,2ndFloor425FifthAvenueNorthNashville,TN372430493 JOSEPHD.BAUGH,JR.   F( DistrictAttorneyGeneral RONALDL.DAVIS  #+ AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneralWilliamsonCountyCourthouseSuiteG6P.O.Box937Franklin,TN370650937 )h$1 (  @( OPINIONFILED:򀀀 H0+7 AFFIRMEDJOEG.RILEY,JUDGE  83@W   OPINION   ` Thedefendant,DavidT.Jones,appealshisconvictionfordrivingundertheinfluenceofanintoxicant,thirdoffense.Thedefendantwassentencedtoeleven(11)monthsandtwentynine(29)daysandfined$1,500.Onappeal,heraisesthefollowingissuesforreview:  (1)whetherthetrialcourterredbyfailingtodeclareamistrialafteratroopertestifiedthedefendanthadrecentlybeenreleasedfromjail;(2)whethertheevidencewassufficienttoconvictthedefendantofDUI;and(3)whetherthetrialcourtcorrectlysentencedthedefendant.  ThejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED.  FACTS 4     ` ThedefendantwasdiscoveredintheearlyeveningofNovember7,1995,trappedinhiswreckedvehicleinHickmanCounty.Hisvehiclehadleftthe@@roadwayandstruckatree.Thevehiclespassengerdoorremainedblockedbythetree.Emergency@@@@personnelwereforcedtocutthedriversdooropeninordertoremovethedefendantfromthewreckage.Thevehiclesenginewasstillwarmwhentheparamedicsarrived. ` Thedefendantwasuncooperativewiththeemergencypersonnelatthescene.TrooperKentMontgomery,whoarrivedatthesceneshortlyaftertheparamedics,testifiedthatthedefendantsmelled likehehadbeendrinkinganalcoholicbeverage.ParamedicsBrianQuallsandPaulSmithalsotestifiedthattheysmelledalcoholonthedefendant.Smithstatedthedefendantsspeechwasslurredandthathewas@@ thicktongued.@@@@@@Both@@@@QuallsandSmithdescribedthedefendantasappearing intoxicated.TrooperMontgomerytestifiedthe 844: defendantwas extremely@@intoxicated.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ` @@@@@@When@@@@thetrooperattemptedtoadministerthehorizontalgazenystagmusfieldsobrietytest,thedefendantclosedhiseyes.Thedefendantlaterrefusedmedicaltreatmentaswellas@@achemical@@@@analysisofhisbloodalcoholcontent. ` Thedefenseofferednoproofattrial.  MISTRIAL p     ` During@@Trooper@@@@Montgomerystestimony,herelatedthatwhenheaskedforthedefendantsdriverslicense,thedefendantrespondedthathedidnothaveonebecausehe hadjustgotoutofjail.Defensecounselimmediatelymovedforamistrial.Thetrialcourtdeniedthemistrialandgavethejurythefollowingcurativeinstruction:  Ladiesandgentlemen,thelastquestionandanswerarebeingstrickenandIwanttoinstructyoutodisregarditandtoassumethatyouneverheardit.Inacaselikethisanindividualispermitted,withsomerestrictions,totestifyaboutwhatadefendantmayhavesaid,butitsnotactuallybeingintroducedforthetruth.Atthispointneitherthetroopernoranyofushaveanywayofknowingifthestatementsmadewereeventhetruth.Thefactthatsomebodymayhaverecentlycomefromajailsomewheredoesnthaveanythingtodowithanything,becausethereisnoproofintherecordastowhatthatmayhavemeant,whethersomebodywasvisitingoranything,andthatdoesnotinanywaysuggest,eveniftrue,ordoesnthaveanyrelevancetothiscase,andatthispointinthiscasewedontevenknowwhetherthosestatements,ifmade,weretrue.Soyoumustdisregardthose,considerasthoughyouhadneverheardthem.  XXXX ` Thedeterminationofwhethertograntamistrialrestswithinthesound 404 discretionofthetrialcourt.Statev.Smith,871S.W.2d667,672(Tenn.1994). 616 Thereviewingcourtshouldnotoverturnthatdecisionabsentanabuseofdiscretion.Statev.Hall,947S.W.2d181,184(Tenn.Crim.App.1997).The 8:5: burdenofestablishingthenecessityformistriallieswiththepartyseekingit.Statev.Williams,929S.W.2d385,388(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).Inmakingthis  determination,noabstractformulashouldbemechanicallyapplied,andallcircumstancesshouldbetakenintoaccount.Statev.Mounce,859S.W.2d319, 8  322(Tenn.1993).#XXXX#  `  ` Thetrooperscommentwaswhollyunsolicitedbythestate.Thetrialcourtimmediatelyinstructedthejuryatlengthastowhytheywerenotpermittedtoconsideritintheirdeliberations.Thejuryispresumedtohavefollowedthetrialcourtscurativeinstructions,absentevidencetothecontrary.Statev.Smith, H 893S.W.2d908,914(Tenn.1994);Statev.Williams,929S.W.2d385,388  p (Tenn.Crim.App.1996).Inviewofthesemattersaswellastheoverwhelming@@evidenceofguilt,@@@@we@@conclude@@@@thedefendantwasnot@@undulyprejudiced@@@@bythetroopersremark. ` Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  SUFFICIENCYOFTHEEVIDENCE $X"     ` Thedefendantcontendsthestatedidnotsufficientlyprovethathewasundertheinfluenceofanintoxicantandinphysicalcontrolofthevehicle.Heallegestheevidenceofintoxicationconsistedsolelyofwitnessestestifyingtowhattheysmelled,andtheonlyevidencethathewasinphysicalcontrolofthevehiclewascircumstantial.XXXX ` Whenanaccusedchallengesthesufficiencyoftheconvictingevidence, 2(.2 ourstandardofreviewiswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinalightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia, `838 443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789,61L.Ed.2d560(1979).Questions 8:5: concerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvaluetobegiventheevidenceaswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidence,areresolvedbythetrieroffact,notthisCourt.Statev.Tuttle,914S.W.2d926,932(Tenn.Crim. ` App.1995).NormaythisCourtreweighorreevaluatetheevidence.Statev. 8  Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).Onappeal,thestateisentitledto  ` thestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallinferencestherefrom.Id.  8  Becauseaverdictofguiltremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceandreplacesitwithapresumptionofguilt,theaccusedhastheburdeninthisCourtofillustratingwhytheevidenceisinsufficienttosupporttheverdictreturnedbythetrieroffact.Statev.Tuggle,639S.W.2d913,914(Tenn.1982).#XXXX # H  ` Astothedefendantsintoxication,three(3)witnessestestifiedthatthedefendantsmelledofalcoholandhadslurredspeech.Eachtestifiedheappearedintoxicated.Further,herefusedtosubmittofieldsobrietyandbloodalcoholtests.Thedefendantalsorefusedmedicaltreatmentwhenhelearnedthehospitalstaffwoulduseanybloodsampletaken,inpart,todeterminebloodalcoholcontent.Viewedinalightmostfavorabletothestate,therewassufficientevidencetofindthedefendantwasundertheinfluenceofanintoxicant. ` Regarding physical@@control@@@@@@ofthevehicle,the@@@@TennesseeSupremeCourthaspreviouslyanalyzedcasesinwhichadefendantisdiscoveredinasituationsimilartothedefendantintheinstantcase.SeeStatev.Lawrence, @-(, 849S.W.2d761,763(Tenn.1993).TheCourtinitiallynotedthatcircumstantialevidencecanbesufficienttosustainaDUIconviction.Id.TheCourtfurther 0@,0 heldthatatotalityofthecircumstancesapproachshouldbeutilizedindeterminingwhetherthedefendantwasin physicalcontrolofthevehicleforthepurposesofTenn.CodeAnn.5510401(a). ` Followingthisapproach,thereissufficientevidencethatthedefendant (:x5: wasin physicalcontrolofthevehicleascontemplatedbyTenn.CodeAnn.5510401(a).XXXXԀ#XXXXM,#Thedefendantssuggestionthatanotherpersoncouldhavebeen  drivingthevehicleanddisappearedafterthewreckisnotcompelling.Thetestimonyattrialrevealedthedefendantsfeetandlegswerepinnedbeneaththesteeringwheel.Itdefieslogictosuggestthatanotherpersonactuallydrovethevehicle,survivedthecrashuninjured,andthenescapedthroughtheshatteredrearwindowleavingthedefendantwithhislegspinnedunderthesteeringwheel.Thejurywasatlibertytorejectsuchascenario. ` Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  SENTENCING H    XXXX ` Thedefendantcontendsinhisfinalissuethatthetrialcourterredin  imposingasentenceofeleven(11)monthsandtwentynine@@7(29)7days@@@@@@8incarceration8rather@@@@thanthestatutoryminimumtimeinjail,120days.HeallegesthetrialcourtgaveundueweighttothefactthathepledguiltytoDUI,secondoffense,onlyfour(4)dayspriortohisarrestforthis,histhirdDUIoffense.Thedefendantfurtherallegesthetrialcourtusedinapplicableenhancementfactorsinarrivingatthemaximumsentence.#XXXX/# ` ThisCourtsreviewofthesentenceimposedbythetrialcourtisdenovo x+&* withapresumptionofcorrectness.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d).Thispresumptionisconditioneduponanaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrialjudgeconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991).Ifthetrial 2(.2 courtfailstocomplywiththestatutorydirectives,thereisnopresumptionofcorrectnessandourreviewisdenovo.Statev.Poole,945S.W.2d93,96 616 (Tenn.1997).Theburdenisupontheappealingpartytoshowthatthesentence@@9 8:5: 9is@@@@improper.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d)SentencingCommissionComments. ` Thedefendantiscorrectinhisassertionthatthetrialcourtplacedgreatemphasisonthefactthattheinstantoffensewascommittedonlyfour(4)daysafterhepledguiltytotheidenticalcrime.Itfoundthisrepeatbehaviorshowedanunwillingnesstocomplywithconditionsofasentenceinvolvingreleaseintothecommunity.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(8).However,theapplicationofthis@@:enhancement:factor@@@@requiresa previoushistoryofunwillingnesstocomplywithsentencesinvolvingreleaseintothecommunity.Id.Thus,this H enhancementfactorwasimproperlyapplied.SeeStatev.Hayes,899S.W.2d  p 175,186(Tenn.Crim.App.1995). ` Thetrialcourtalsoappliedenhancementfactors(10)and(16);namely,thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh,andthecrimewascommittedundercircumstancesunderwhichthepotentialforbodilyinjurytoavictimwasgreat.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(10),(16).Thesefactorswereerroneouslyappliedastherecorddoesnotestablishthatotherpersonswereactuallythreatenedbythedefendantsconduct.SeeStatev.Rhodes,917S.W.2d708,714(Tenn.Crim.App.1995). '#& However,thetrialcourtstateditgavelittleweighttothesefactors. ` We,nevertheless,agreewiththetrialcourtsassessmentofthedefendantsamenabilitytorehabilitation.Althoughcommittingthepresentoffenseonlyfour(4)daysafteranotherDUIconvictiondoesnotgiverisetoenhancementfactor(8)asdiscussedabove,thetrialcourtcorrectlynotedthisestablishesthatmeasureslessrestrictivethanconfinementhadrecentlybeenunsuccessfullyappliedtothedefendant.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035103(1)(C).Thetrialcourtproperlygavethis@@;sentencingprinciple;great@@@@weight. (:x5:  ` Tenn.CodeAnn.5510403(c)mandatesasentenceofeleven(11)monthsandtwentynine(29)daysforDUIwiththeonlyfunctionofthetrialcourtbeingtodeterminewhatperiodabovetheminimumperiodofincarcerationestablishedbystatute,ifany,istobesuspended.Statev.Combs,945S.W.2d 8  770,774(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).Thus,theissuebeforethisCourtiswhetherthetrialcourterredinimposingthemaximumsentenceofactualconfinement. ` Wedeclinetoreducethesentence.Theerroneousapplicationofenhancementfactorsdoesnotnecessarilyrequireareductionofthesentence.@@<<= p See==<<=@@@@Statev.Lavender,967S.W.2d803,809(Tenn.1998).Thisisthe H defendantsthirdconvictionforDUI.ItwascommittedonlyfourdaysafterhepledguiltytoDUI,secondoffense.Thedefendantappearstobeadangertoothersaswellas@@himself>,>@@@@andhasfailedtoshowthatthesentencewasimproper. ` Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED.  `  `     h      p _________________________ `     h      p JOEG.RILEY,JUDGECONCUR:_________________________PAULG.SUMMERS,JUDGE@@??@@@@_________________________JOSEPHM.TIPTON,JUDGE