ÿWPC( "³¯„‡:îHüm·VW¿t^ð—= ðfït³áû4œO̶©šÂ᥹$;¢*tØ{£fÍ=Xg†JŠ…¤•†McFÆç¡;¸‡àcOðØ?ü@I@sŸò¸PºÍŒ rD7 2þQËüêÙ‹t“$ÔYZèÞf=‰k}lçOmyY1C °Œ”=A3xxU¡<¹Q#ht¤Ó­:+)¢ÉŠ ’§ŽÌ–õ¹"ý¤tÏ}ßh÷€*Qñqaý°žî·^gN¦½½ûs23êØ™ ãBÔ ˜jhÛqkg¦Ã“éë¹P‡[h¾†‹ùöšE¨,¶ÇµšhBc®­*âÊV+{À·¶0º[<<[à%B­è··IýÕ¼ ø‹ñè}_/<‘¯RÍvpËͺ»AýÙBY¡œºž„/d"\}áU”λ¼[l]Å2á!¦ã}Î`ýjcª ‚Èš\ÿ†žÖtñ1 ßJv+EO+Aã X±b9ª––¨ Ô!bªëz²v¼º8TV$¥-­ú3oí‹sTÔáÈ*"KâWðïý•]¢âÎ7XõLˆ;ÉT ó²N´S@sÓOq°f—¯¶ðÁÖú˜ß!Ÿj6:}[ŒØÀØr™lí£Ôõ™üò` %@wF 0ÜJU :& 4` t …ƒ #! 0!) 0DJ¶ŽU:D~) € m©©©tÀÀÀÀÀN4!86!^ n"n"n"n"n"n" Bz"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z"z" AQ—"Æè" 0ù®# 0ù§% 0D ' ' D3ä'X(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular{Z='3|x {Ô‡ôòXXÔÝ ƒ 8,ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[ì AØ'ÿ LegalXà3Ø' Letter  AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8À×SXXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝMary€Laws€initially€advised€Detective€Boling€that€ð ðSmurfðð€had€participated€in€this€attack.€Ð  ÐAt€the€insistence€of€her€boyfriend,€Brian€Walden,€she€later€signed€an€affidavit€recanting€thisРƾ Ðstatement.€€At€trial,€she€admitted€that€she€did€this€in€part€because€she€was€in€love€with€BrianÐ „| ÐWalden.˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(Ñ(3ç$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝÑ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€¬ºXXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¬Ô‡ôòXXÔÝ ƒ 8,ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[ì AØ'ÿ LegalXà3Ø' Letter  AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8À×SXXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝBrownððs€mother€had€previously€driven€the€appellantððs€blue€car€to€her€residence€becauseÐ  Ðthe€car€was€about€to€be€repossessed., øð AZ"Arial Regular  Ô‡ôòXXÔÝ ƒ 8,ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[ì AØ'ÿ LegalXà3Ø' Letter  AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8À×SXXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€notes,€in€his€brief,€the€following€illustrations€of€conflicting€evidence:Ð  Ðà8 ` àThe€victim€recognized€the€blue€car€and€Mr.€Kincaid;€she€did€not€recognize€theРƾ Ðblue€car€nor€Mr.€Kincaid€in€it.€She€took€an€hour€nap;€she€took€a€three„hour€nap.€Ð „| ÐThere€were€six€to€eight€men€in€the€room;€there€were€twenty€men€in€the€room;Ð B : Ðthere€were€at€least€three€men€in€the€room.€€She€made€no€phone€calls€from€theÐ  ø Ðroom€except€to€page€her€boyfriend;€she€just€called€her€friend€Sonya€from€theÐ ¾ ¶ ¡ Ðroom;€she€only€called€her€home€and€her€boyfriend€from€the€room.Ð` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àHer€pants€and€underwear€were€removed€by€her€attackers;€all€her€clothes€wereÐ „| Ðremoved€by€her€attackers,€€She€had€been€attacked€in€her€room€by€lots€of€menÐ B : Ðthen€helped€and€comforted€by€Mr.€Kincaid;€she€had€been€attacked€in€her€room€byÐ  ø Ðlots€of€men€and€Mr.€Kincaid€had€oral€and€ð ðregularðð€sex€with€her€then€tried€toÐ ¾ ¶ Ðcomfort€and€help€her;€she€had€been€attacked€in€her€room€by€lots€of€men€and€theÐ | t ÐDefendant€only€had€regular€sex€with€her€before€trying€to€comfort€her.€€Mr.€KincaidÐ : 2 Ðwas€the€first€person€to€rape€her;€Mr.€Kincaid€was€the€last€person€to€rape€her.Ðø ð` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àShe€knew€the€men€used€condoms€because€she€could€hear€the€packages€tearing;Ð tl  Ðshe€was€not€sure€any€of€the€men€used€the€condoms€and€was€screaming€so€loudÐ 2*  Ðat€least€a€portion€of€the€guys€left.€€She€was€nude€when€the€manager€arrived€at€theÐ ðè  Ðroom;€she€was€partially€dressed€and€looking€for€her€things€when€the€managerÐ ®¦  Ðarrived.Ðld ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àShe€heard€and€saw€Smurf,€a/k/a€Manguel€[sic]€Adams,€in€the€room;€she€heardÐ èà  ÐSmurfððs€name€mentioned€by€someone;€she€heard€Smurfððs€name€mentioned€andÐ ¦ž  Ðheard€him€respond€although€she€did€not€see€him.€€She€swore€Smurf€sexuallyÐ d\  Ðpenetrated€her,€she€swore€Smurf€did€not€sexually€penetrate€her;€she€swore€sheÐ " Ðwas€not€sure€if€Smurf€sexually€penetrated€her.ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ jÔ‡ôòXXÔÝ ƒ 8,ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[ì AØ'ÿ LegalXà3Ø' Letter  AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8À×SXXdædæ8ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€does€not€challenge€his€conviction€and€sentence€for€theft€of€property. .Ý ƒ[aq"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€èeçXXÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€_ÕçèeÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€27,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAYÔó óÔ_Ôòˆ;'L  dZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(Ñ3aq$¢¢Ý ƒ`!ÝÑ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€¬ºXXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý(Ñ3aq$££Ý ƒ`!ÝÑ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€¬ºXXdædæ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ`!ÝÑ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ8€¬ºXXdædÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÓ ÔþÓò òòòÔ_Ôßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿE˜ Žtt¨¦Ð WvßÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà@. . ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóˆÐ  ÐÌòòà@ÓÓ(®àAT€KNOXVILLEóóˆÐ àØ ÐÌà@±±%®àJUNE€SESSION,€1999ˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð TL  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€03C01„9707„CR„00306Ð @8  Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À à)Ð ,$  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àBLOUNT€COUNTYÐ   Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð ü  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHon.€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ ðè  ÐFRED€W.€KINCAID,€JR.,à h àà À à)Ð ÜÔ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Rape)Ð ÈÀ Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À à)Ð ´¬ Ðó óÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð RJ ÐÌò òJulie€A.€Martinó óà  àà h àò òà À àà  àPaul€G.€Summersó óÐ  ÐContract€Appellate€Defenderà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ   ÐP.€O.€Box€426à  àÐ ðè ÐKnoxville,€TN€€37901„0426à À àò òà  àEllen€H.€Pollackó óÐ ÖÎ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àà (# àРº Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌ(ON€APPEAL)à  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ Ž!† Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à x àà Ð àà (# àÐ Z#R Ðò òRaymond€Mack€Garneró óà h àÐ @$8  ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÐ ,%$! Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àò òMichael€L.€Flynnó óÐ & " Ðò òNatalee€S.€Hurleyó óà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ þ&ö# Ðò òShawn€Grahamó óÐ ê'â $ ÐAsst.€District€Public€Defendersà À àà  àò òEdward€P.€Bailey,€Jr.ó óÐ Ö(Î!% Ð419€High€Streetà  àà h àà À àà  àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ Â)º"& ÐMaryville,€TN€€37804à h àà À àà  à363€Court€StreetÐ ¨* #' Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMaryville,€TN€€37804ÌÌ(AT€TRIAL)ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ  0)- ÐÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayes,ó ó€JudgeÐ  p5h.3 ÐÔ_ÔÓÓà@+®àòòò òOPINIONóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Fred€W.€Kincaid,€Jr.,€was€indicted€for€aggravated€rape€andÐ ¬ ¤ Ðtheft€of€property€under€$500.€€A€Blount€County€jury€found€him€guilty€of€the€lesserÐ x p Ðoffense€of€rape€and€theft€as€charged€in€the€indictment.€€The€trial€court€imposedÐ D< Ðconcurrent€sentences€of€nine€years€for€the€rape€conviction€and€eleven€months,Ð   Ðtwenty„nine€days€for€the€theft€conviction,€to€be€served€in€total€confinement.€€In€thisÐ ÜÔ  Ðappeal€as€of€right,€the€appellant€raises€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Ð ¨   ÐÓÓà8 ` àI.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€jury€on€the€lesserÐ tl Ðoffense€of€rape;€×ƒ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ÐZR` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àII.€€Whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€his€conviction€forÐ & Ðrape;€andÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àIII.€€Whether€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€a€nine€year€sentence€for€theÐ ØÐ Ðappellantððs€rape€conviction€is€excessive.о¶` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓÌà ` àFinding€no€error€of€law€requiring€reversal,€we€affirm.Ð VN ÐÌÌà@ff)®àò òBackgroundó óˆÐ º$²! ÐÌà ` àOn€November€23,€1994,€Mary€Laws,€Sonya€Davidson,€and€Christie€IveyÐ ^(V!% Ðrented€a€room€at€the€Family€Inn€on€Alcoa€Highway€in€Blount€County.€€That€evening,Ð **"#' Ðthe€threesome€invited€their€boyfriends€to€the€room€for€a€party.€€Mary€Lawsðð€boyfriend,Ð ö+î$) ÐBrian€Walden,€attended.€€The€next€morning,€Mary€Laws€reserved€the€room€forÐ Â-º&+ Ðanother€night€with€the€intention€of€spending€time€with€her€boyfriend.€€After€paying€forÐ Ž/†(- Ðthe€room,€Mary€Laws€and€the€two€other€females€left€the€motel,€returning€to€theirÐ Z1R*/ Ðrespective€residences€to€spend€Thanksgiving€with€their€families.€€Mary€LawsÐ &3,1 Ðreturned€to€the€motel€room€around€3:00€that€afternoon€and€took€a€nap€until€6:00Ð ò4ê-3 Ðp.m.€€Upon€awakening,€she€paged€Brian€Walden,€however,€he€did€not€answer€the€€€€€Ð ¾6¶/5 Ðpage.€€She€then€decided€to€drive€by€Waldenððs€house€and€the€park€to€see€if€sheÐ  Ðcould€locate€him.€€Unable€to€locate€her€boyfriend,€she€drove€back€to€the€motel.€€AsÐ ÔÌ Ðshe€parked€her€vehicle€in€the€motel€parking€lot,€she€noticed€a€group€of€people€sittingÐ   ˜ Ðin€a€little€blue€car.€€Ms.€Laws€returned€to€her€room€and€attempted€to€call€SonyaÐ l d ÐDavidson.Ð 80 ÐÌà ` àWhile€she€was€on€the€telephone,€there€was€a€knock€at€the€door.€€ð ð[She]Ð ÐÈ  Ðturned€around€and€opened€the€door€and€turned€back€around€to€pick€the€phone€backÐ œ”  Ðup.ðð€€She€later€testified€that€she€did€not€look€back€toward€the€door€because€she€ð ðjustÐ h` Ðfigured€it€was€either€Sonya€or€Christie.€€.€.€.€somebody€that€knew€[she]€was€there.ðð€Ð 4, ÐAs€she€picked€up€the€telephone,€Ms.€Laws€was€pushed€from€behind€onto€the€bed.€Ð ø ÐThe€lights€were€turned€off€and€Ms.€Lawsððs€clothes€were€removed€by€ð ð[f]ifteen,€twentyÐ ÌÄ Ðpeople.ðð€€She€was€then€ð ðforced€to€have€oral€sex€and€natural€sex€with€I€donððt€knowÐ ˜ Ðhow€many€people.ðð€€Ms.€Laws€recognized€the€appellant€as€one€of€the€perpetratorsÐ d\ Ðbecause€they€had€attended€the€same€school.€€She€did€observe€that€all€of€the€men€inÐ 0 ( Ðthe€room€were€African„American.€€She€also€identified€another€intruder€as€beingÐ ü!ô ÐManguel€ð ðSmurfðð€Adams,€a€cousin€of€her€boyfriend,€Brian€Walden.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð È#À  ÐÌà ` àAt€some€point€during€the€sexual€assaults,€one€of€the€perpetrators€forced€anÐ `'X $ Ðobject€into€her€vagina.€€The€appellant€informed€police€officers€that€the€object€was€anÐ ,)$"& Ðunopened€beer€bottle.€€€This€action€tore€the€victimððs€labia,€causing€extreme€pain€andÐ ø*ð#( Ðbleeding.€€While€some€of€the€intruders€held€her€to€the€bed,€the€appellant€sexuallyÐ Ä,¼%* Ðpenetrated€Ms.€Laws.€€Because€of€the€pain€from€the€sexual€assaults,€the€victimÐ .ˆ', Ðbegan€screaming€and€attempted€to€fight€off€her€attackers.€€At€this€point,€a€number€ofÐ \0T). Ðthose€present€did€leave€the€motel€room.€€Eventually,€she€was€able€to€make€her€wayÐ (2 +0 Ðinto€the€bathroom.€€Ms.€Laws€related€that€the€appellant€followed€her€into€theÐ ô3ì,2 Ðbathroom€and€tried€ð ðto€comfort€[her],€telling€[her]€that€he€was€going€to€help€[her].€Ð À5¸.4 ÐAnd€then€he€started€touching€[her].ðð€€ð ðHe€was€touching€my€breasts€and€trying€toÐ  Ðtouch€my€vagina.ðð€€ð ð[Ms.€Laws]€pushed€him€out€of€the€way€and€ran€out€again.ðð€€SheÐ ÔÌ Ðnoticed€that€only€three€of€her€attackers€remained€in€her€motel€room,€including€theÐ   ˜ Ðappellant.Ð l d ÐÌà ` àWhile€the€assaults€were€taking€place,€Shelby€Renee€Garrett,€a€desk€clerk€atÐ ü  Ðthe€motel,€heard€noises€that€sounded€like€a€party€coming€from€Room€203,€the€roomÐ ÐÈ  Ðoccupied€by€Mary€Laws.€€As€it€was€not€motel€policy€to€encourage€parties,€Ms.Ð œ”  ÐGarrett€telephoned€the€room€on€numerous€occasions.€€Each€time€someone€in€theÐ h` Ðroom€answered€the€telephone,€they€hung€up€without€responding€to€Ms.€Garrett.€€OnÐ 4, Ðher€final€attempt,€she€heard€someone€in€the€background€say€ð ðjust€unplug€it.ðð€€DuringÐ ø Ðthis€same€time€period,€Ms.€Garrett€€had€observed€eight€to€ten€black€males€goingÐ ÌÄ Ðback€and€forth€up€the€stairs€to€Room€203,€and€received€a€report€that€a€man€wasÐ ˜ Ðspotted€carrying€a€gun.€€She€then€notified€motel€manager,€Kathy€Ware,€whoÐ d\ Ðimmediately€left€her€home€for€the€motel.Ð 0 ( ÐÌà ` àWhen€Ms.€Ware€arrived€at€the€motel,€she€notified€local€law€enforcement€thatÐ È#À  Ðshe€would€need€assistance€in€order€to€evict€the€people€from€Room€203.€€With€theÐ ”%Œ" Ðpurpose€of€evicting€Ms.€Laws,€Ms.€Ware€went€up€to€the€room€and€knocked€on€theÐ `'X $ Ðdoor.€€As€the€door€opened,€she€observed€one€black€male€and€Ms.€Laws€in€the€motelÐ ,)$"& Ðroom;€Ms.€Laws€was€putting€on€a€pair€of€pants.€€Ms.€Ware€then€asked€Ms.€Laws€toÐ ø*ð#( Ðaccompany€her€to€the€lobby.€€The€lone€male€left€the€room€and€Ms.€Ware€did€not€getÐ Ä,¼%* Ða€good€look€at€him.€€Officer€Bud€Cooper€of€the€Alcoa€Police€Department€wasÐ .ˆ', Ðdispatched€to€the€Family€Inn€Motel.€€He€arrived€as€Ms.€Laws€was€coming€down€theÐ \0T). Ðstairs€from€her€motel€room.€Ð (2 +0 ÐÌà ` àMs.€Ware€and€Officer€Cooper€returned€to€Room€203€to€check€for€any€propertyÐ À5¸.4 Ðdamage.€€Upon€returning€to€the€room,€they€observed€beer€bottles,€condoms,€andÐ Œ7„06 Ðcondom€wrappers€strewn€all€over€the€room.€€The€bed€sheets€were€stained€in€bloodÐ X9P28 Ðand€a€blood€stained€washcloth€and€drops€of€blood€were€discovered€in€the€bathroom.€Ð  ÐAfter€Officer€Cooper€and€Ms.€Ware€returned€to€the€motel€lobby,€€Ms.€Laws€informedÐ ÔÌ Ðthem€that€she€had€been€raped.€Ms.€Laws€also€discovered€that€many€of€her€personalÐ   ˜ Ðpossessions€had€been€stolen,€including€her€CD€player,€her€wallet€containing€$100,Ð l d Ðher€driverððs€license,€her€BP€gas€card,€her€ATM€card,€her€pager,€approximately€fiftyÐ 80 ÐCDS,€and€a€tape€player.Ð ü  ÐÌà ` àOfficer€Holly€Hatcher€arrived€at€the€motel€and€transported€the€victim€to€theÐ œ”  Ðemergency€room€of€Blount€Memorial€Hospital€for€a€physical€examination.€€Dr.€KevinÐ h` ÐStasney€examined€the€victim.€€The€examination€revealed€that€the€victim€had€a€tearÐ 4, Ðof€the€labia€and€parallel€abrasions€on€the€vaginal€walls.€€Dr.€Stasney€opined€thatÐ ø Ðneither€of€these€injuries€were€consistent€with€consensual€sexual€intercourse.€€TheÐ ÌÄ Ðonly€signs€of€external€force€were€the€victimððs€three€broken€fingernails.€€The€victimÐ ˜ Ðwas€not€under€the€influence€of€either€drugs€or€alcohol.€€€Ð d\ ÐÌà ` àA€warrant€was€issued€for€the€appellantððs€arrest.€€On€Saturday,€November€25,Ð ü!ô Ðthe€appellant€voluntarily€turned€himself€in€at€the€Blount€County€Jail.€€CorrectionsÐ È#À  ÐOfficer€Edmund€Cox€testified€that,€upon€inventorying€the€appellantððs€personalÐ ”%Œ" Ðpossessions,€he€discovered€a€Lernerððs€credit€card€belonging€to€Mary€Laws€in€theÐ `'X $ Ðappellantððs€back€pocket.€€The€appellant€explained€that€he€had€found€the€credit€cardÐ ,)$"& Ðoutside€on€the€steps€as€he€was€coming€into€the€jail.Ð ø*ð#( ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€later€provided€a€statement€to€the€police€admitting€that€he€wasÐ .ˆ', Ðin€Room€203€at€the€Family€Inn€on€Thanksgiving€Day.€€He€explained€that€he€hadÐ \0T). Ðbeen€in€Room€208€watching€a€football€game€with€several€friends.€€When€he€left€theÐ (2 +0 Ðroom,€he€saw€a€lot€of€people€coming€in€and€out€of€Room€203.€€ð ð[He]€went€in€and€[he]Ð ô3ì,2 Ðseen€[sic]€a€lot€of€people€havinðð€I€had€seen€this€girl€havinðð€oral€sex€with€one€person,Ð À5¸.4 Ðhavinðð€sex€with€another€person.ðð€ð ð.€.€.[S]omebody€yelled,€get€up€and€close€the€door,Ð Œ7„06 Ðcome€on€i[n]€and€have€some€fun.€€I€was€like,€okay,€whatever,€so€I€closed€the€door.€.€.Ð X9P28 Ð.ðð€€ð ð.€.€.€[T]he€person€that€I€did€know€that€was€havinðð€sex€with€her€at€that€time€he€was,Ð  ÐManguel,€was€havinðð€sex€and€the€girl€was€performing€oral€sex€on€Jason€Bryant.ðð€€ð ð.€.Ð ÔÌ Ð.I€just€went€ahead€and€do€[sic]€what€everybody€else€was€doinðð€„„€ððgot€in€line.ðððð€€HeÐ   ˜ Ðdenied,€however,€that€he€had€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim.€€The€appellantÐ l d Ðadvised€officers€that€the€victim€was€not€physically€restrained€by€other€individualsÐ 80 Ðpresent€at€any€time€during€the€various€acts€of€sexual€penetration.€€The€appellantÐ ü  Ðadded€that,€earlier€when€he€and€€the€victimððs€boyfriend,€Brian€Walden,€were€in€RoomÐ ÐÈ  Ð208,€Walden€had€stated€that€he€had€paid€his€girlfriend€to€have€sex€for€money.Ð œ”  ÐÌà ` àWhile€in€jail,€the€appellant€contacted€fifteen€year€old€Yolanda€Brown.€€He€toldÐ 4, Ðher€to€ð ð[g]et€his€belongings€out€of€his€car.ðð׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Brown€and€her€friend,€Patrice€Brown,Ð ø Ðgathered€the€appellantððs€possessions€from€the€car.€€In€doing€so,€they€found€a€blackÐ ÌÄ Ðleather€coat,€a€gold€chain,€and€a€checkbook.€€Brown€discovered€that€the€checkbookÐ ˜ Ðbelonged€to€Mary€Laws.€€Brown€telephoned€Mary€Laws€and€told€her€that€ð ðif€sheÐ d\ Ðwould€give€$50€to€me€and€my€friend€that€she€could€have€the€checkbook€back.ðð€Ð 0 ( ÐBrown€then€arranged€to€meet€Laws€in€the€parking€lot€of€Bethel€Church.€€Rather€thenÐ ü!ô Ðmeeting€Ms.€Laws,€Brown€was€met€by€an€Alcoa€police€officer;€who€recovered€Ms.Ð È#À  ÐLawsððs€property.Ð ”%Œ" ÐÌà ` àThe€evidence€collected€pursuant€to€the€post„rape€examination€and€bloodÐ ,)$"& Ðsamples€obtained€from€the€appellant€were€sent€to€the€TBIððs€Forensic€ServicesÐ ø*ð#( ÐDivision€in€Nashville.€€€DNA€analysis€of€the€samples€reveals€ð ða€matching€DNAÐ Ä,¼%* Ðprofileðð€and€that€the€appellant€could€not€be€excluded€as€the€perpetrator.€€SpecialÐ .ˆ', ÐAgent€Joe€Minor,€who€conducted€the€analysis,€concluded€that€ð ðthere€would€beÐ \0T). Ðapproximately€one€other€person€out€of€8,000€in€the€black€population€that€could€haveÐ (2 +0 Ðcontributed€that€profile€amongst€unrelated€individuals.ððÐ ô3ì,2 ÐÐ À5¸.4 Ðà ` àBased€upon€this€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€lesserÐ  Ðoffense€of€rape€and€theft€of€property€under€$500.Ð ÔÌ ÐÌÌà@––®àò òI.€€Instruction€on€Lesser€Offense€ó óˆÐ 80 ÐÌà ` àIn€this€case,€the€indictment€charged€the€offense€of€aggravated€rape€basedÐ ÜÔ  Ðupon€allegations€that€the€appellant€forcefully€penetrated€the€victim€and€he€was€aidedÐ ¨   Ðor€abetted€by€one€or€more€other€persons.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„Ð tl Ð502(a)(3)(A)€(1994€Supp.).€€€In€this€appeal,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€evidenceÐ @8 Ðdoes€not€support€a€conviction€for€the€offense€of€rape,€òòi.e.óó,€there€was€no€evidence€toÐ   Ðconvict€the€appellant€for€forcible€sexual€penetration€of€the€victim€alone.€€As€groundsÐ ÜÔ Ðfor€his€argument,€he€asserts€that€the€only€consistency€in€the€numerous€inconsistentÐ ¨  Ðstatements€provided€by€the€victim€is€her€affirmation€that€the€appellant€was€aided€andÐ tl Ðabetted€by€other€persons.€€Consequently,€he€submits€that€ð ðin€order€to€believe€[theÐ @ 8 Ðappellant]€did€the€raping,€the€jury€must€necessarily€believe€[that€he€was€aided€andÐ  " Ðabetted€by€one€or€more€other€persons.]ðð€€Accordingly,€he€argues€that€the€jury€hadÐ Ø#Ð  Ðthe€option€of€finding€him€guilty€of€aggravated€rape€or€nothing€at€all€and€that€the€trialÐ ¤%œ" Ðcourt€ð ðcommitted€reversible€error€by€only€analyzing€the€statutory€elements€of€theÐ p'h $ Ðoffenses€of€aggravated€rape€and€rape€when€deciding€it€had€to€give€the€rapeÐ <)4"& Ðinstruction€in€this€case.ððÐ +$( ÐÌà ` àA€trial€court€has€the€duty,€in€criminal€cases,€to€fully€instruct€the€jury€on€theÐ  .˜', Ðgeneral€principles€of€law€relevant€to€the€issues€raised€by€the€evidence.€€ThisÐ l0d). Ðincludes€giving€instructions€on€lesser€offenses€included€in€the€indictment€òòwithoutóó€anyÐ 820+0 Ðrequest€on€the€part€of€the€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„18„110(a)(1990).€Ð 4ü,2 ÐòòCfóó.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€Rule€31(c)€(places€the€defendant€upon€notice€that€he€ð ðmay€beÐ Ð5È.4 Ðfound€guilty€of€an€offense€òònecessarily€includedóó€in€the€offense€chargedðð).€€However,Ð œ7”06 Ðbefore€an€instruction€on€a€lesser€offense€is€warranted,€the€trial€court€must€make€twoÐ h9`28 Ðessential€determinations.€€Initially,€the€court€must€determine€which€offenses€are€aÐ  Ðlesser€offense€of€the€offense€charged€in€the€indictment.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919Ð ÔÌ ÐS.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Elderóó,€982€S.W.2d€871,€877€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð   ˜ ÐApp.€1998).€Ð l d ÐÌà ` à€In€determining€whether€one€offense€is€a€lesser€grade€of€another,€"[o]ne€needÐ ü  Ðonly€look€to€the€statutes€to€determine€whether€a€given€offense€is€a€lesser€grade."€Ð ÐÈ  ÐòòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310.€€"[A]n€offense€qualifies€as€a€lesser€included€offense€onlyÐ œ”  Ðif€the€elements€of€the€included€offense€are€a€subset€of€the€elements€of€the€chargedÐ h` Ðoffense€and€only€if€the€greater€offense€cannot€be€committed€without€also€committingÐ 4, Ðthe€lesser€offense."€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310€(citing€òòSchmuck€v.€United€Statesóó,Ð ø Ð489€U.S.€705,€716,€109€S.Ct.€1443,€1450„1451€(1989)).€€The€standard€is€that€"[t]heÐ ÌÄ Ðlesser€offense€may€not€require€proof€of€any€element€not€included€in€the€greaterÐ ˜ Ðoffense€as€charged€in€the€indictment."€€òòIdóó.€at€311€(interpreting€òòHoward€v.€Stateóó,€578Ð d\ ÐS.W.2d€83,€85€(Tenn.€1979)).€Under€these€definitions,€rape€is€both€a€lesser€gradeÐ 0 ( Ðand€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€rape.€€òòSeeóó€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310„Ð ü!ô Ð311.€òòCompareóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502€and€ðð€39„13„503.€€Ð È#À  ÐÌà ` àOnce€the€lesser€offense€is€determined,€the€trial€court€must€next€determineÐ `'X $ Ðwhether€such€an€instruction€is€warranted€by€the€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€€òòElderóó,€982€S.W.2dÐ ,)$"& Ðat€877€(citing€òòState€v.€Vanceóó,€888€S.W.2d€776,€780€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)).€Ð ø*ð#( ÐWhere€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€to€support€the€instruction,€no€jury€instruction€onÐ Ä,¼%* Ðthe€lesser€offense€need€be€submitted.€€òòElderóó,€982€S.W.2d€at€877.€€In€òòKeeble€v.Ð .ˆ', ÐUnited€Statesóó,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€held€that€ð ð[a]€defendant€is€entitledÐ \0T). Ðto€an€instruction€on€a€lesser€.€.€.€offense€if€the€evidence€would€permit€a€jury€toÐ (2 +0 Ðrationally€find€him€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€and€acquit€him€of€the€greater.ðð€€òòKeebleÐ ô3ì,2 Ðv.€United€Statesóó,€412€U.S.€205,€208,€93€S.Ct.€1993,€1995€(1973)€(internal€footnoteÐ À5¸.4 Ðomitted)€(emphasis€added);€òòsee€alsoóó€€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€311;€òòElderóó,€982Ð Œ7„06 ÐS.W.2d€at€877.€€Thus,€the€ð ðtrial€court€must€determine€whether€the€evidence,€whenÐ X9P28 Ðviewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€defendantððs€theory€of€the€case,€would€justifyÐ  Ða€jury€verdict€in€accord€with€the€defendantððs€theory,€and€would€permit€a€rational€trierÐ ÔÌ Ðof€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€and€not€guilty€of€the€greaterÐ   ˜ Ðoffense.ðð€€òòElderóó,€982€S.W.2d€at€877€(citations€and€footnote€omitted).Ð l d ÐÌà ` àAgain,€the€element€challenged€by€the€appellant€is€whether€he€was€aided€orÐ ü  Ðabetted€by€one€or€more€persons€in€the€commission€of€the€rape.€€The€appellantÐ ÐÈ  Ðmaintained,€in€his€statement€to€the€police,€that€no€other€persons€held€the€victim.€€HeÐ œ”  Ðconceded€his€presence€at€the€scene.€€DNA€analysis€revealed€that€the€probability€thatÐ h` Ðthe€appellant€committed€the€rape€was€1€in€8,000€African„Americans.€€Additionally,Ð 4, Ðundisputed€medical€testimony€revealed€that€the€injuries€suffered€to€the€victimððsÐ ø Ðgenital€area€were€consistent€with€a€forceful€penetration€and€inconsistent€withÐ ÌÄ Ðconsensual€intercourse.€€The€evidence,€in€this€case,€is€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€ofÐ ˜ Ðfact€to€find€the€elements€of€rape€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€acquit€theÐ d\ Ðappellant€of€aggravated€rape.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13.€€€€Accordingly,€the€trialÐ 0 ( Ðcourt€properly€instructed€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€of€rape.€€This€issue€is€withoutÐ ü!ô Ðmerit.Ð È#À  ÐÌÌà@ÆÆ®àò òII.€€Credibility€of€the€Victimó óˆÐ ,)$"& ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€also€contends€that€the€proof€presented€at€trial€is€insufficient€asÐ Ð,È%* Ða€matter€of€law€to€uphold€his€conviction€for€rape.€€Specifically,€he€argues€that€theÐ œ.”', Ðvictimððs€version€of€the€events€of€the€rape€ð ðvaried€widely€and€significantly€not€onlyÐ h0`). Ðfrom€her€own€mouth,€but€also€with€statements€from€ððdisinterestedðð€bystanders€andÐ 42,+0 Ðwitnesses.ðð׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thus,€he€argues€that€ð ðòònoóó€ððrationalðð€jury€could€possibly€reconcile€all€theÐ 4ø,2 Ðconflicts€in€the€evidence€presented€by€the€State.ðð€€(emphasis€in€original).€Ð  ÐAccordingly,€the€appellant€submits€that€ð ðno€òòrationalóó€fact€finder€could€find€anythingÐ ÔÌ Ðother€than€a€total€lack€of€credibility€by€the€victim€in€this€case€due€to€her€repeatedÐ   ˜ Ðadmissions€that€she€lied€over€and€over€under€oath€as€well€as€in€unsworn€interviewsÐ l d Ðwith€the€officers€who€were€there€to€help€her.ðð€€(emphasis€in€original).€Essentially,€theÐ 80 Ðappellantððs€challenge€is€one€of€witness€credibility.€Ð ü  ÐÌà ` àThe€Constitutional€standard€of€appellate€review€is€whether,€after€viewing€theÐ œ”  Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ h` Ðhave€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Ð 4, ÐòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€ruleÐ ø Ðreflects€the€fundamental€tenet€of€American€jurisprudence€that€the€jury€is€the€soleÐ ÌÄ Ðtrier€of€fact€responsible€for€determining€witness€credibility,€resolving€conflicts€inÐ ˜ Ðtestimony€and€for€drawing€any€inferences€from€the€proven€facts.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ð d\ Ð443€U.S.€at€319,€99€S.Ct.€at€2789.€€Indeed,€the€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó€standard€òòdoesÐ 0 ( Ðnot€provideóó€the€appellate€court€a€vehicle€to€substitute€its€own€appreciation€of€theÐ ü!ô Ðevidence€for€that€of€the€factfinder.€€òòSee€generallyóó€€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÐ È#À  Ð832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€In€the€absence€of€internal€contradiction€or€irreconcilableÐ ”%Œ" Ðconflict€with€physical€evidence,€one€witnessððs€testimony,€if€believed€by€the€trier€ofÐ `'X $ Ðfact,€is€sufficient€to€support€the€requisite€factual€finding.€€Even€if€a€witnessððsÐ ,)$"& Ðtestimony€was€ð ðevasive,€conflicting€or€severely€impaired,ðð€the€jury€has€a€right€toÐ  Ðbelieve€as€much€of€it€as€they€believe€proper.ðð€€òòSeeóó€€òòUnited€States€v.€Lucianoóó,€343Ð ÔÌ ÐF.2d€172,€173€(4th€Cir.€),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€381€U.S.€945,€85€S.Ct.€1792€(1965).€Ð   ˜ ÐAlthough€the€inconsistencies€may€make€the€witness€less€credible,€the€juryððs€verdictÐ l d Ðwill€not€be€disturbed€unless€the€inaccuracies€or€inconsistencies€are€so€improbable€orÐ 80 Ðunsatisfactory€as€to€create€a€reasonable€doubt€of€the€defendantððs€guilt.€€In€the€caseÐ ü  Ðòòsub€judiceóó,€the€inconsistencies€in€the€victimððs€various€accounts€of€the€incident€areÐ ÐÈ  Ðnot€so€unsatisfactory€as€to€create€a€reasonable€doubt€of€the€appellantððs€guilt.€€TheÐ  ˜  Ðjuryððs€verdict€is€supported€by€the€evidence€at€trial.€€The€victim€never€swayed€from€herÐ ld Ðtestimony€that€the€appellant€vaginally€penetrated€her€without€her€consent.€€MedicalÐ 80 Ðtestimony€confirmed€that€the€penetration€was€non„consensual€and€scientificÐ ü Ðevidence€corroborated€the€victimððs€identification€of€the€appellant€as€the€perpetrator.€Ð ÐÈ ÐMoreover,€the€appellant€conceded€his€presence€in€the€victimððs€motel€room.€€TheÐ œ” Ðproof€is€more€than€sufficient€for€a€jury€to€find€that€the€appellant,€by€force,€sexuallyÐ h` Ðpenetrated€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„503„(a)(1)€(1991).€Ð 4 , ÐAccordingly,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð "ø ÐÌÌà@ee"®àò òIII.€€Length€of€Sentenceó óˆÐ d'\ $ ÐÌà ` àÔ‡ Xï‘ XXXÔIn€his€final€challenge,€the€appellant€avers€that€the€ð ðtrial€court€improperlyÐ +$( Ðconsidered€and€weighed€the€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors€in€sentencing€him€toÐ è,à%* Ðserve€nine€years€in€TDOC€custody.ðð€€€€Specifically,€he€ð ðcontends€that€the€trial€courtÐ È.À', Ðfailed€to€properly€consider€and€weigh€in€mitigation€factors€which€should€haveÐ ¨0 ). Ðresulted€in€a€lesser€sentence€for€him.ðð€€Indeed,€the€appellant€submits€that€the€courtÐ ˆ2€+0 Ðfailed€to€consider€the€following€mitigating€factors:€€(8)€that€the€appellant€cooperatedÐ h4`-2 Ðwith€the€authorities€by€naming€other€individuals€that€had€sex€with€the€victim;€and€(11)€Ð H6@/4 Ðthat€the€offense€was€committed€under€such€unusual,€and€truly€bizarre,Ð (8 16 Ðcircumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€hisÐ :38 Ðconduct;€and€(13)€his€voluntary€surrender€to€law€enforcement€authorities€and€hisÐ  Ðconcern€over€the€victim€at€the€time€of€the€incident.Ô#†X×SX X Xï‘ n#ÔÔ‡ Xï‘ XXX×SÔ€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„Ð èà Ð113€(1990).Ð È À ÐÌà ` àReview,€by€this€court,€of€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentenceÐ ˆ€ Ðis€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumption€that€the€determination€made€by€the€trial€court€isÐ h`  Ðcorrect.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823Ð H@  ÐS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Thus,€this€court€may€only€modify€a€sentence€if€theÐ (  Ðsentence€is€excessive€or€the€manner€of€service€is€inappropriate.€€òòState€v.€Russellóó,Ð  Ð773€S.W.2d€913,€915€(Tenn.€1989).€€Moreover,€on€appeal,€the€appellant€bears€theÐ èà Ðburden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€imposed€was€improper.€€SentencingÐ ÈÀ ÐCommission€Comments,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).Ð ¨  ÐÌà ` àOther€than€the€presentence€report,€no€new€evidence€was€presented€at€theÐ h` Ðsentencing€hearing.€€The€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€appellant€was€twenty„Ð H!@ Ðsix€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€The€appellant€has€a€history€of€prior€criminalÐ (#  Ðconvictions,€including€two€assault€offenses€and€one€conviction€of€statutory€rape.€Ð %  ÐThe€report€also€indicates€that€the€appellant€has€repeatedly€violated€conditions€ofÐ è&à" Ðpreviously€imposed€sentences€involving€probation.€€Indeed,€the€appellant€was€onÐ È(À!$ Ðprobation€at€the€time€of€the€instant€offenses.€€Additionally,€€the€appellant€has€aÐ ¨* #& Ðsporadic,€almost€non„existent,€work€history,€including€one€month€as€a€custodian€inÐ ˆ,€%( Ðthe€Knox€County€School€System.Ð h.`'* ÐÌà ` àIn€arriving€at€the€appropriate€sentence€for€the€rape€of€Mary€Laws,€the€trialÐ (2 +. Ðcourt€found€two€enhancement€factors€applicable:€(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previousÐ 4-0 Ðhistory€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior;€and€(7)€The€offense€wasÐ è5à.2 Ðcommitted€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð È7À04 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€„114(7)€(1994€Supp.).€€The€appellant€concedes€theÐ ¨9 26 Ðpropriety€of€the€enhancement€factors€applied€by€the€trial€court.€The€court€did€not€findÐ  Ðany€mitigating€factors€applicable€nor€did€the€court€make€any€specific€findingsÐ èà Ðregarding€its€rejection€of€mitigating€circumstance.€€The€court€then€imposed€aÐ È À Ðpenitentiary€sentence€of€nine€years.Ð ¨   ÐÌÌà@´´#®àò òA.€€Mitigating€Factorsó óˆà  àÐ H@  Ðà ` àFirst,€the€appellant€argues€that€his€assistance€in€providing€the€names€of€otherÐ (  Ðperpetrators€should€be€accounted€for€in€mitigation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð  Ð113(9).€€Upon€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€find€that€any€error€the€trial€court€may€haveÐ èà Ðcommitted€in€not€applying€this€factor€is€inconsequential€because€the€factor€meritsÐ ÈÀ Ðlittle€or€no€weight.€The€appellant€only€provided€this€information€after€his€arrest€in€aÐ ¨  Ðfeeble€attempt€to€cast€the€blame€elsewhere€and€to€exculpate€himself€from€the€moreÐ ˆ€ Ðegregious€acts€of€the€incident.€€Moreover,€his€assistance€to€law€enforcementÐ h` Ðauthorities€was€minimal€as€the€record€fails€to€show€that€this€information€led€toÐ H!@ Ðadditional€arrests€or€convictions.€€Likewise,€we€fail€to€find€as€mitigating€evidence€theÐ (#  Ðappellantððs€voluntary€surrender€to€the€police.€€By€the€time€the€appellant€turnedÐ %  Ðhimself€in€to€police€custody,€he€had€already€been€named€as€a€suspect,€a€warrantÐ è&à" Ðhad€issued€against€him,€and€law€enforcement€officers€had€already€made€an€attemptÐ È(À!$ Ðto€serve€the€warrant.Ð ¨* #& ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€also€asserts€that€he€committed€the€offense€under€such€unusualÐ h.`'* Ðcircumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€hisÐ H0@), Ðconduct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(11).€€We€find€no€proof€in€the€record€toÐ (2 +. Ðsupport€this€claim.€€The€appellant€admitted€to€law€enforcement€authorities€that€heÐ 4-0 Ðð ðgot€in€lineðð€to€participate€in€the€activities.€€Similarly,€although€the€victim€admitted€thatÐ è5à.2 Ðthe€appellant€attempted€to€console€her€in€the€bathroom,€this€attempt€was€only€madeÐ È7À04 Ðafter€the€appellant€had€forcefully€penetrated€her€and€was€accompanied€by€additionalÐ ¨9 26 Ðsexual€groping.€€In€sum,€we€place€no€redeeming€or€mitigating€value€upon€these€actsÐ  Ðfor€sentencing€purposes.€€Accordingly,€the€appellant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€errorÐ èà Ðby€the€sentencing€court.€Ð È À ÐÌà@££®àò òB.€€Weighing€of€Enhancement€Factorsó óˆÐ ˆ€ Ѐà ` àWhen€there€are€enhancement€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€courtÐ h`  Ðmay€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€within€the€applicable€sentencing€range,Ð H@  Ðbut€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€(1990).€Ð (  ÐThe€appellant€was€convicted€as€a€range€I€offender€of€a€class€B€felony.€€Thus,€theÐ  Ðsentence€range€for€the€appellant€is€eight€to€twelve€years€for€the€rape€conviction.€Ð èà ÐòòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(2)€(1990).€€The€court€imposed€a€sentence€ofÐ ÈÀ Ðnine€years€for€the€rape€conviction.€€We€find€the€length€of€this€sentence€to€be€justifiedÐ ¨  Ðand€not€excessive€under€the€guidelines€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act.€€This€issue€isÐ ˆ€ Ðwithout€merit.€Ô#†X×SX X Xï‘Œr#ÔÐ h` ÐÌà ` àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð #  ÐÌÌÓÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ð ^)V"% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€à È àJudgeÐ D*<#& ÐÌÌÌCONCUR:Ð Ü-Ô&* ÐÌÌÌ________________________________Ð t1l*. ÐJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÐ Z2R+/ ÐÌÌÌ________________________________Ð ò5ê.3 ÐJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€Judge