ÿWPC! ¾ÐE0›OƒÄ|y!þ(‚4s,²×o÷ôÏIË4º˜Ï|÷Öûè‘¢\åYLž› °ã8S3$¡h“Ûeaò6´¡¶hœFO©mR»\†Ê1å™¶ð Ú àE'K0°½y)šÚÝ”…ÿ7³^žAM¨–#ôü`¥ miNfGàÅó_¥L0§-uýF‘/ƒ¹¯â×à" ÜC×–3éN¼¸=U…óe^”¤OC½ JNzì>Ótó’ÝJ‚*4ŽÚ>ížrwIZW‘9@e ìH/`¡ º„\›’U¯üÐ`Bfü®f ¯%äètù²| R(«¿ !™ü‡£ü6ȳz1€Ø×$…šÿÔ×ïh…ùßÊšØû%:­ûRÍð»> ñý‰Yh«ÙSû!ë0~ †0Ñ«Ìñ›²ÙÉ8¤ÛÕ{€·€FZ·ª†¢ÐÁà!&éM#ªî><(ôŸ,’Ž]Î]J;ñ¥ü/I³í8´G …/W§¹ëè“&_÷Ò™ÖæÓÁΛVi>ÂO%UœFŸaù¿“Ê/N¥Åj.M _z€•…Ì>¿¸&^xdôÔ27)႟ƒ{In±hÈ“ŽÛu:§ºÞ‰»!]Sô:ŸÆ_WÇò³C‰r›a#!NU:o %© 0(¯ 0³×w@Š 4Ê Þ í U:õ N/ D1 ^ u  mƒ š UN° þ U: N U:džU:´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´´ AQîÆ? 0D 0DI 0D D3Ñ B˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡(c(2Fi$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&îN%XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¿EU/+++¿ D EtpO'ÚóóCgHÎ3 3|x „†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular BlountvilleLarezEctorf¢d'L ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€èçXXÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€áçèÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€4,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAYÔó ó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€èçXXÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€áçèÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€4,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAYÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€èçXXÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€áçèÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€4,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAYÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€èçXXÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€áçèÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€4,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAYÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó````'ÿÿdxd dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  Óññññññßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿEð±Žtt¨¦(° Wvßññññßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿEð±Žtt¨¦(° Wvßññññññßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿEð±Žtt¨¦(° Wvßññññññßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿEð±Žtt¨¦(° WvßññññññÔ€X° XXXÔñññññ ñññÔ€X° XXXÔñññ ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌAUGUST€1999€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ*X‡XìÈ’X°œX*ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà ì à)à  àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9810„CR„00379Ð Æ   Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì à)Ìà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àà ì à)à  àSullivan€CountyÐ ’â  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì à)Ìv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì à)à  àHonorable€R.€Jerry€Beck,€JudgeÐ ^®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì à)ÌERIC€LAREZ,€a/k/a€ð ðEASY,ððà À àà ì à)à  à(Sale€of€Over€One„Half€Ounce€of€Marijuana;Ð *z  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì à)à  à€Sale€of€Over€One„Half€Gram€of€Cocaine)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àà ì à)Ð öF ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà ì àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Zª ÐÌTERRY€L.€JORDANà h àà À àà ì àà  àPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÐ &v ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà ì àà  àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ  \ ÐP.€O.€Box€839ÌBlountville,€TN€€37617à h àà À àà ì àà  àERIK€W.€Ô_ÔDAABÔ_ÔÐ Ø( Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌGERALD€L.€Ô_ÔGULLEYÔ_Ô,€JR.à h àà À àà ì àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ ¤ô ÐP.€O.€Box€1708à  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð Š Ú ÐKnoxville,€TN€€37901„1708Ì(On€Appeal€Only)à  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àH.€GREELEY€WELLS,€JR.Ð V"¦! Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àMARY€KATHERINE€HARVEYÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  à140€Blountville€BypassÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà ì àà  àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGEÌÐ  7P28 ÐÔ_Ôò òòòñ ñÔ‡¼à »XXÔñ ñÔ_ÔÓ  ÓO€P€I€N€I€O€Nñ ñÔ#†XªºX»¼à ª#Ôñ ñóóó óÐ ° ÐÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓÑ8€ªºXXdæXXdæ8Ñà ` àThe€defendant,€Eric€Larez,€appeals€his€convictions€in€the€Sullivan€County€CriminalÐ h¸ ÐCourt€on€two€counts€of€the€sale€of€marijuana€over€one„half€ounce€and€one€count€of€the€saleÏof€over€one„half€gram€of€cocaine.€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I€offender€to€two€yearsÏconfinement€for€each€of€the€counts€involving€marijuana€and€nine€years€in€that€involvingÏcocaine,€all€sentences€to€be€served€concurrently.€He€has€filed€a€timely€appeal€of€theseÏconvictions,€alleging€as€error:ÌÓ<X„Xä hÀ‚,È’XX‡XìÈ’X<ÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThe€trial€court€should€have€instructed€the€jury€as€to€aÐ 0€  Ðð ðcasual€exchange.ðð€Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àHis€rights€to€a€speedy€trial€were€violated€by€the€delay€ofÐ â2 Ðthree€and€one„half€years€between€his€being€chargedÏwith€the€offenses€and€being€arrested€following€thoseÏcharges.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThe€evidence€was€insufficient€for€a€conviction€as€to€theÐ `° Ðsale€of€a€controlled€substance.Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àHe€should€have€received€a€lesser€or€an€alternativeÐ b Ðsentence.€€Ð ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌBased€upon€our€review,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÌà@úú-Dàò òòòFACTSóóó óˆÐ \"¬! ÐÌÓÓà ` àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€selling€a€controlled€substance,€the€sales€occurringÏon€three€days€in€1993.€The€first€sale€occurred€on€August€17,€1993,€when€Officer€ToddÏHarrison,€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Drug€Task€Force,€assisted€by€a€confidential€informant,Ïarranged€for€an€undercover€drug€purchase.€€Officer€Harrison€and€the€informant€picked€upÏthe€defendant€at€his€place€of€employment.€€The€defendant€directed€them€to€an€apartmentÏbuilding€located€at€201€East€Ravine€Street€in€Kingsport.€While€parked€in€front€of€theÏapartment,€Harrison€gave€$50€to€the€informant€who€then€gave€it€to€the€defendant.€€TheÏdefendant€got€out€of€the€car€and€went€into€the€apartment.€€When€the€defendant€returnedÏto€the€vehicle€approximately€four€minutes€later,€he€told€Harrison€ð ðthey€were€out€of€LSD,ðð€butÏð ðwe€could€get€some€pot.ðð€€Harrison€said€he€would€want€an€ounce,€if€he€were€to€purchaseÏmarijuana.€€The€defendant€then€responded,€ð ðNo€problem.ðð€ÌÌà ` àHarrison€told€the€defendant€he€needed€to€go€to€a€bank€to€get€more€cash.€€In€fact,Ð ¾95; ÐÔ_ÔHarrison€wanted€to€record€the€serial€numbers€of€the€currency€with€which€he€was€to€pay€theÏdefendant,€in€addition€to€the€$50€already€paid.€€The€three€then€drove€to€a€bank,€whereÏHarrison€went€inside€and€recorded€the€serial€numbers.€They€then€returned€to€theÏapartment,€where€Harrison€gave€the€defendant€an€additional€$100€in€cash.€€The€defendantÏgot€out€of€the€car€and€entered€the€apartment€building.€€He€soon€returned€to€the€car€with€aÏplastic€baggie€of€marijuana,€which€he€gave€to€Harrison.€€Harrison€then€drove€the€defendantÏto€717€Virgil€Avenue€in€Kingsport,€where€the€defendant€said€he€lived.ÌÌà ` àOn€August€18,€1993,€Harrison€planned€another€drug€purchase€with€the€defendant.€ÏHe€and€the€informant€picked€up€the€defendant€at€the€same€Virgil€Avenue€address€whereÏhe€had€been€left€the€previous€afternoon.€€Harrisonððs€understanding,€based€upon€what€theÏinformant€had€said,€was€that€Harrison€would€purchase€one„quarter€pound€of€marijuanaÏfrom€the€defendant€for€$500.€€Harrison€was€to€give€$300€to€the€defendant,€with€theÏremaining€$200€to€be€paid€upon€delivery€of€the€marijuana.€€Harrison,€the€informant,€and€theÏdefendant€€went€in€Harrisonððs€vehicle€to€the€same€apartment€building€at€201€East€RavineÏStreet.€€After€Harrison€gave€him€$300,€the€defendant€entered€the€apartment.€€TheÏdefendant€returned€to€the€car€and€told€Harrison€he€could€not€obtain€the€marijuana€at€thatÏtime€because€the€supplier€was€unavailable.€€The€defendant€also€told€Harrison€that€he€andÏanother€individual,€who€had€come€out€of€the€apartment€building€with€the€defendant,€wereÏgoing€down€the€street€to€where€a€ð ðbigger€stashðð€was€kept€ð ðto€see€if€they€could€get€it€there.ððÏThe€defendant€told€Harrison€to€wait€at€the€apartment,€and€he€would€return€shortly.€€Soon,Ïthe€defendant€returned€and€told€Harrison€he€would€have€to€wait€for€another€hour.€€TheÏdefendant€returned€Harrisonððs€$300.€€ÌÌà ` àAs€Harrison€was€counting€the€returned€money,€the€defendantððs€companion€told€theÏdefendant€that€he€could€obtain€the€marijuana€immediately.€€Harrison€then€gave€the€$300Ïback€to€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€told€Harrison€to€drive€around€the€block€for€about€fiveÏor€ten€minutes€and€then€return.€Harrison€did€as€instructed,€and,€upon€his€return€to€theÏapartment,€the€defendant€got€into€the€car€and€gave€him€$300€worth€of€marijuana.€TheÏdefendant€told€Harrison€to€drive€around€for€another€hour€and€then€return€for€the€rest€of€theÐ Ì84: Ðmarijuana.€€Harrison€followed€these€instructions€and,€upon€his€return,€paid€the€defendantÏ$200€for€the€additional€€marijuana.€ÌÌà ` àOn€August€23,€1993,€Harrison€and€the€informant€again€picked€up€the€defendant€atÏthe€defendantððs€place€of€employment€and€returned€to€the€same€apartment€building.€€BeforeÏgetting€into€Harrisonððs€car,€the€defendant€said€he€knew€the€informant€had€once€been€aÏð ðnarcðð€and€asked€for€reassurance€the€two€of€them€were€not€ð ðnarcs.ðð€€Upon€HarrisonððsÏsaying€they€were€not,€the€defendant€came€with€them.€€During€the€trip,€Harrison€told€theÏdefendant€that€he€wanted€to€buy€an€ð ðeight„€ball,ðð€to€which€the€defendant€replied€they€wouldÏhave€to€ð ðsee€just€what€theyððve€got€when€we€get€there.ðð€€As€they€reached€the€apartment,€theÏdefendant€left€the€car€and€entered€the€apartment.€€Soon€he€returned€and€told€Harrison€thatÏthe€supplier€was€not€available,€but€he€had€been€ð ðbeepedðð€and€€would€be€available€in€twentyÏto€thirty€minutes.€€The€three€then€rode€around€the€neighborhood€for€a€period.€€Upon€theirÏreturn,€Harrison€gave€the€defendant€$100€as€a€down€payment€for€the€cocaine.€€TheÏdefendant€again€entered€the€apartment€and€returned€shortly,€telling€Harrison€an€ð ðeight„ballððÏis€$300.€€After€Harrison€gave€the€defendant€the€additional€$200,€Harrison€and€the€informantÏdrove€around€for€a€short€time.€€As€they€returned€to€the€street€in€front€of€the€apartmentÏbuilding,€the€defendant€and€another€male€pulled€up€in€an€automobile.€€The€defendant€ranÏover€to€Harrisonððs€car€and€handed€him€what€the€informant€described€as€a€ð ðbig€fat€juicyÏeight„ball,ðð€saying€additionally€it€was€ð ðgood€stuff.ðð€€Harrison€then€dropped€off€the€defendantÏat€the€Virgil€Street€address.€€Upon€cross„examination,€Harrison€testified€the€defendant€hadÏtold€the€informant€that€he€ð ðcould€get€him€whatever€he€wanted.ððÌÌà ` àAt€the€trial,€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€forensic€scientist€David€HollowayÏtestified€the€substance€sold€to€Harrison€on€August€17€was€20.€9€grams€of€marijuana,€andÏthe€substance€sold€on€August€18€was€47.€6€grams€of€marijuana.€€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÏInvestigation€chemist€Celeste€White€testified€the€substance€sold€to€Harrison€on€August€24Ïwas€.6€grams€of€cocaine.ÌÌÐ  Ì84: Ðà ` àà@µ µ Dàò òI.€€FAILURE€TO€INSTRUCT€AS€TO€ð ðCASUAL€EXCHANGEððó óˆÐ ° Ðà ` àThe€defendantððs€first€assignment€of€error€is€that€the€trial€court€should€have€instructedÏthe€jury€as€to€a€ð ðcasual€exchangeðð€as€to€each€of€the€three€offenses.€Regarding€thisÏinstruction,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„17„418€(1997)€provides:€€ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àò òSimple€possession€or€casual€exchange.ó ó€Ðì <¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(a)€€It€is€an€offense€for€a€person€to€knowingly€possess€orÏcasually€exchange€a€controlled€substance€unless€theÏsubstance€was€obtained€directly€from,€or€pursuant€to,€a€validÏprescription€or€order€of€a€practitioner€while€acting€in€the€courseÏof€professional€practice.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àWithout€question,€a€defendant€is€entitled€to€a€jury€instruction€as€to€lesser€includedÏoffenses:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àSince€the€19th€century,€our€legislature€has€required€trial€judgesÏð ðin€cases€of€criminal€prosecution€for€any€felony€wherein€two€(2)Ïor€more€grades€or€classes€of€offense€may€be€included€in€theÏindictment,€to€charge€the€jury€as€to€all€of€the€law€of€eachÏoffense€included€in€the€indictment,€without€any€request€on€theÏpart€of€the€defendant€to€€do€so.ðð€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996)€(citing€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„18„110).Ð Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àHowever,€simply€because€there€are€lesser€included€offenses€to€the€offense€withÏwhich€a€defendant€has€been€charged€does€not€automatically€mean€the€defendant€is€entitledÏto€a€jury€instruction€on€those€offenses:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àAccordingly,€before€instructing€a€jury€on€a€lesser€offense,Ïthe€trial€court€must€determine€whether€the€evidence,€whenÏviewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€òòdefendantððs€theoryóó€ofÐ ˜)è$) Ðthe€case,€would€justify€a€jury€verdict€in€accord€with€theÏdefendantððs€theory,€and€would€permit€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏfind€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense€and€not€guilty€ofÏthe€greater€offense.€€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòÓÓState€v.€Elderóó,€982€S.W.2d€871,€877€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998)€(citations€omitted)€(emphasisÐ þ.N*/ Ðin€original).ÌÌà ` àThe€word€ð ðcasualðð€has€been€defined€as:€€ð ðOccurring€without€regularity,€occasional;Ïimpermanent,€as€employment€for€irregular€periods.€Happening€or€coming€to€pass€withoutÏdesign€and€without€being€foreseen€or€expected;€unforeseen;€uncertain;€unpremeditated.ðð€ÏòòBlackððs€Law€Dictionaryóó€197€(5th€ed.€1979).Ð Æ95; Їà ` àA€ð ðcasual€exchangeðð€can€occur€ð ðwhen€the€transfer€of€the€controlled€substance€isÏmade€without€design,ðð€and€ð ðeven€though€money€is€involved€in€the€transaction.ðð€òòState€v.Ð |Ì ÐCareyóó,€914€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€€An€example€of€a€casual€exchangeÐ H˜ Ðis€detailed€in€òòState€v.€Heltonóó,€507€S.W.2d€117€(Tenn.€1974)€wherein€the€defendant,€Helton,Ð  d Ðtestified€that,€rather€than€selling€heroin€to€the€informant€(whose€whereabouts€wereÏunknown€at€the€time€of€the€trial),€he€was€actually€returning€the€ð ðmerchandiseðð€to€theÏinformant,€Eddie€Allison,€because€he€did€not€want€to€use€it.€Thus,€according€to€theÏdefendant,€his€sale€of€heroin€was€€a€ð ðcasual€exchange.ðð€€As€to€this€theory,€the€court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àThere€is€evidence€in€the€record€that€Allison€was€both€anÏaddict€and€a€drug€peddler.€€There€is€evidence€that€Helton€wasÏa€user€and€that€he€was€neither€an€addict€nor€a€drug€peddler.ÏThere€is€evidence€that€he€carried€away€from€Allisonððs€trailerÏtwo€small€packages€for€his€own€use€and€that,€after€becomingÏill€from€the€ð ðhitðð€administered€by€Allison,€his€sole€purpose€wasÏto€obtain€a€refund€of€the€exact€purchase€price€from€the€originalÏseller.€In€our€opinion,€said€evidence€constitutes€circumstancesÏindicating€a€casual€exchange,€and€it€thus€became€mandatoryÏfor€the€trial€judge€to€charge€the€exact€language€of€the€secondÏsentence€of€T.C.A.€ðð€52„1432(a)(2).€.€.€.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòÓÓHeltonóó,€507€S.W.2d€at€121.Ð Ø( ÐÌà ` àIn€declining€to€instruct€the€jury€on€a€casual€exchange€of€drugs,€as€requested€byÏdefense€counsel€in€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€the€trial€court€stated:Ð <#Œ" ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àWell,€this€officer€had€conversations€with€Larez€and€they€hadÏa€definite€plan€to€go€to€the€Ravine€Street€address,€a€definiteÏplan€between€the€officer€that€testified€and€Larez.€The€officerÏgave€him€money.€The€officer€knew€why€he€was€going€in.€€IÏthink€itððs€pretty€clear€„„€I€would€state€for€the€record€itððs€prettyÏclear€that€Mr.€Larez,€evidently€he€was€getting€it€from€somebodyÏelse€and€not€the€„„€himself.€€Then,€he€brought€it€out.€€And€theÏprice€agreed€upon€was€the€price,€evidently,€that€Larez€said€theÏpeople€inside€the€Ravine€Street€address€wanted.€€All€right.€€AllÏright.€€Anything€else,€Mr.€Jordan?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓà ` àÌà ` àWe€agree€with€the€decision€of€the€trial€court€not€to€charge€the€jury€as€to€a€ð ðcasualÏexchange,ðð€for€such€a€charge€would€not€have€been€justified€under€the€facts.€€OfficerÏHarrison€had€not€previously€known€the€defendant,€but€had€been€put€in€contact€with€him€byÏthe€confidential€informant.€€On€each€of€the€three€occasions€Harrison€purchased€controlledÏsubstances,€Harrison€picked€up€the€defendant€and€drove€him€to€the€location€where€theÏdrugs€were€obtained,€apparently€from€a€third€person.€€Although€the€facts€becomeÐ ¶95; Ðsomewhat€more€complicated€as€to€the€third€transaction,€the€meetings€were€preplanned,€theÏparties€coming€together€for€the€sole€purpose€of€Harrisonððs€purchasing€drugs€from€theÏdefendant.€€There€was€no€relationship€between€the€two€or€any€other€reason€for€them€to€beÏtogether,€other€than€for€Harrison€to€purchase€drugs.€€A€casual€exchange€cannot€resultÏmerely€from€the€fact€a€drug€sale€does€not€proceed€efficiently€or€as€promptly€as€possible.ÏThus,€this€assignment€of€error€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@t t Dàò òII.€€€DENIAL€OFó ó€ò òTHE€DEFENDANTððS€RIGHT€TO€A€SPEEDY€TRIALˆÐ D”  Ðà ` àó óIn€this€matter,€there€was€a€delay€of€three€years€and€eight€months€between€the€timeÐ l Ðof€the€offenses€and€the€defendantððs€being€served€with€the€presentments.€€He€argues€thatÏthis€delay€violates€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial.€€The€trial€court€held€a€hearing€on€this€matterÏand€denied€the€defendantððs€claim€that€his€speedy€trial€rights€had€been€violated€by€theÏdelay.€ò òÐ Lœ ÐÌà ` àó óIn€òòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€81€(Tenn.€1973),€our€supreme€court,€adopting€theò ò€Ð ð@ Ðó óbalancing€test€of€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€407€U.S.€514,€92€S.€Ct.€2182,€33€L.Ed.2dò ò€ó ó101€(1972),Ð È Ðstated€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àIn€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€òòsupraóó,€the€court€accepted€a€ð ðbalancingò òÐ l#¼" Ðó ótestðð€in€which€the€conduct€of€both€the€prosecution€andÐ R$¢# Ðdefendant€are€weighed,€which€test€of€necessity€compels€theÏcourt€to€approach€speedy€trial€cases€on€an€ad€hoc€basis.€In€theò òÐ &n!% Ðó óòòBarkeróó€case€the€court€discussed€four€specific€factors:€(1)€€theÐ 'T"& Ðlength€of€the€delay,€(2)€the€reason€for€the€delay,€(3)€whetherÏthe€defendant€asserted€a€claim€to€his€right,€and€(4)€whetherÏdefendant€was€prejudiced€by€the€delay.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòBishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€83„84.Ð ‚+Ò&+ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àTo€establish€the€chronology€in€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€the€trial€court€held€a€hearing€onÐ /j*/ Ðthe€defendantððs€motion€to€dismiss€the€charges€because€of€the€alleged€violation€of€his€rightÏto€a€speedy€trial.€€An€exhibit€to€the€proof€adduced€at€the€hearing€was€a€ð ðtimelineðð€which€setÏout€in€chronological€order€the€events€relevant€to€the€defendantððs€motion.€We€willÏparaphrase€those€events.ÌÌà ` àThe€offenses€with€which€the€defendant€was€charged€occurred€on€August€17,€18,€andÐ æ965; Ð24,€1993.€€Because€Officer€Harrison€was€acting€undercover€at€the€time,€presentments€wereÏnot€filed€on€the€charges€until€April€11,€1994,€the€first€capias€being€issued€in€Sullivan€CountyÏthe€following€day.€€In€the€interim,€the€defendant€was€arrested€on€September€30,€1993,€inÏGreenville,€North€Carolina,€and€charged€with€attempted€breaking€and€entering,€for€whichÏhe€was€incarcerated€on€October€27,€1993.€€He€was€paroled€by€the€State€of€North€CarolinaÏon€November€29,€1993.€€A€capias€had€been€issued€again€by€Sullivan€County€on€bothÏSeptember€13€and€14,€1994.ÌÌà ` àOn€October€28,€1994,€the€defendant€was€arrested€in€Ector€County,€Texas,€andÏcharged€with€possession€of€marijuana,€€to€which€he€entered€a€guilty€plea€and€received,€asÏpunishment,€three€days€confinement€on€November€22,€1994.€€He€was€again€arrested€inÏEctor€County,€Texas,€on€December€17,€1994,€and€charged€with€the€possession€ofÏmarijuana.€He€pleaded€guilty€to€the€offense€on€January€6,€1995,€and€was€sentenced€toÏforty€days€in€jail.€€€€On€August€20,€1995,€the€defendant€was€arrested€a€third€time€in€EctorÏCounty,€Texas,€and€charged€with€theft€between€$20€and€$500.ÌÌà ` àAnother€capias€was€issued€in€Sullivan€County€on€September€25,€1995;€and,€onÏOctober€4,€1995,€a€return€was€made€on€the€capias€issued€on€September€13,€1994,€that€theÏdefendant€was€not€to€be€found€in€the€county.€€The€defendant€was€arrested€again€in€EctorÏCounty,€Texas,€on€November€21,€1995,€and€charged€with€carrying€a€prohibited€weapon.€ÏHe€pleaded€guilty€the€following€day€to€theft€between€$20€and€$500,€and€pleaded€guilty€toÏthe€prohibited€weapon€charge€on€January€3,€1996.€€On€August€15,€1996,€he€was€arrestedÏagain€in€Ector€County,€Texas,€and€was€apparently€charged€with€the€delivery€of€marijuanaÏbetween€one„quarter€ounce€and€five€pounds.€€On€September€9,€1996,€in€Sullivan€County,Ïanother€capias€was€issued€for€the€defendant€and,€on€September€20,€1996,€a€not€to€beÏfound€return€was€made€on€the€capias€issued€on€September€20,€1995.€ÌÌà ` àOn€May€6,€1997,€the€defendantððs€name€was€put€into€the€National€Crime€InformationÏCenter€by€Sullivan€County€authorities.€€Another€capias€was€issued€for€the€defendant€byÏSullivan€County€on€September€4,€1997;€and€a€not€to€be€found€return€was€made€on€theÐ Ì84: Ðcapias€which€had€been€issued€on€September€9,€1996.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€was€detained€on€November€27,€1997,€in€Presidio€County,€Texas,Ïð ðwhile€attempting€to€cross€into€Mexico.ðð€€The€Sullivan€County€Sheriffððs€Department€wasÏcontacted€as€to€its€NCIC€entry€regarding€the€defendant,€and€he€was€held€for€extradition€toÏSullivan€County.€€On€December€14,€1997,€he€was€transferred€to€the€Sullivan€County€Jail.ÌÌà ` àThus,€the€crux€of€the€defendantððs€speedy€trial€argument€is€that€his€name€was€not€putÏinto€NCIC€until€approximately€three€years€and€one€month€after€he€had€been€charged€withÏthe€offenses€in€Sullivan€County;€and€he€did€not€learn€of€the€charges€until€about€sevenÏmonths€later.€€Given€these€circumstances,€we€will€now€determine€whether€there€was€aÏviolation€of€the€defendantððs€right€to€a€speedy€trial.ÌÌà@ññ#Dàò òA.€€€Length€of€the€Delayó óˆÐ  \ Ðà ` àIn€òòDoggett€v.€United€Statesóó,€505€U.S.€647,€652,€112€S.Ct.€2686,€2691,€120€L.Ed.2dÐ ä4 Ð520€(1992),€the€Court€stated,€ð ð[T]he€presumption€that€pretrial€delay€has€prejudiced€theÏaccused€intensifies€over€time.ðð€€€Our€supreme€court€concluded€a€delay€of€thirteen€years,Ïas€occurred€in€òòState€v.€Woodóó,€924€S.W.2d€342,€346€(Tenn.€1996),€was€a€factor€weighingÐ H#˜" Ðð ðfavorably€for€the€defendantðð€and€clearly€required€an€analysis€of€the€remaining€factors.€€WeÏmake€a€like€holding€in€this€case:€€the€delay€weighs€in€favor€of€the€defendant€and€requiresÏadditional€analysis.€ÌÌà@ªª#Dàò òB.€€€Reason€for€the€Delayó óˆÐ D,”', Ðà ` àIn€this€case,€it€appears€a€capias€was€issued€on€at€least€six€occasions,€and€OfficerÏHarrison€and€another€officer€had€tried€to€locate€the€defendant€at€his€last€known€place€ofÏresidence€as€well€as€at€his€place€of€employment.€€It€is€not€apparent€from€the€recordÏwhether€the€defendant€would€have€been€located€at€the€time€of€one€of€his€severalÏsubsequent€arrests€in€Ector€County,€Texas,€had€his€name€earlier€been€placed€into€NCIC.ÏAdditionally,€there€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€indicate€the€failure€to€earlier€put€theÏdefendantððs€name€into€NCIC€resulted€from€other€than€bureaucratic€oversight.€€While€thisÐ ä844: Ðfailure€is€weighed€against€the€€prosecution,€the€weight€is€not€as€great€as€would€be€the€caseÏif€the€delay€were€intentional€to€either€harass€the€defendant€or€to€gain€an€advantage.€€òòSeeóó€Ð |Ì ÐòòState€v.€Woodóó,€924€S.W.2d€342,€347€(Tenn.€1996).€€However,€this€factor€does€weighÐ H˜ Ðagainst€the€prosecution.ÌÓ  ÓÌò òC.€€€Whether€the€Defendant€Asserted€His€Right€to€a€Speedy€Trialó óÐ ¬ ü  ÐÓ+aÓà ` àObviously,€the€defendant€did€not€assert€his€right€to€a€speedy€trial€during€the€periodÏof€the€delay€because€he€was€unaware€of€the€pendency€of€the€charges€in€Sullivan€County.€ÌUnder€these€circumstances,€this€factor€does€not€weigh€against€either€party.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓD.ó ó€€€ò òPrejudice€to€the€Defendantó óÐ ´ ÐÓ¬bÓà ` àOur€supreme€court€has€instructed€that€we€must€ð ðview€the€fourth€factor€as€the€mostÏimportant:€€whether€the€accused€has€suffered€prejudice€by€the€delay.ðð€€òòWoodóó,€924€S.W.2dÐ X¨ Ðat€348.€€First,€we€note€that€the€defendant€has€neither€claimed€nor€identified€specificÏprejudice€resulting€from€the€delay,€basing€his€claim€instead€upon€the€length€of€the€delay.ÏIn€fact,€since€the€defendant€was€unaware€of€the€pendency€of€the€charges,€he€could€notÏhave€suffered€anxiety€because€of€them.€€Thus,€our€determination€with€regard€to€this€factorÏwill€center€upon€whether€he€suffered€any€other€kind€of€prejudice€as€the€result€of€the€delay.€ÌÌà ` àWe€note€two€witnesses€testified€on€behalf€of€the€defendant€during€this€trial,€SharonÏBurrell€and€her€son,€Terry€Burrell,€with€whom€the€defendant€resided€at€the€Ravine€StreetÏaddress€in€Kingsport€during€a€portion€of€the€summer€of€1993.€€Both€testified€that€they€didÏnot€know€the€defendant€to€have€drugs€in€his€possession€while€living€with€them.€TheÏdefendant€did€not€testify€during€either€the€trial€or€the€hearing€on€his€motion€to€dismiss€theÏindictments€based€upon€his€speedy€trial€claim.€ÌÌà ` àOur€supreme€court€noted€in€òòWoodóó€€that€the€fourth€factor,€prejudice€to€the€defendant,Ð €3Ð.4 Ðis€entitled€to€the€ð ðgreatest€weightðð€of€all€of€the€factors.€€However,€the€court€recognized€theÏdifficulty€a€defendant€may€have€in€proving€prejudice:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIt€is€often€extremely€difficult,€however,€for€a€defendant€toÏdemonstrate€specifically€how€the€delay€has€impaired€his€abilityÐ Ê95; Ðto€defend€himself.€€Courts€have€recognized€this€difficulty€andÏconsequently€do€not€necessarily€require€a€defendant€toÏaffirmatively€prove€particularized€prejudice.€òò€Doggettóó,€[505€U.S.Ð |Ì Ðat€654„55],€112€S.Ct.€at€2692;€òòMoore€v.€Arizonaóó,€419€U.S.€871,Ð d´ Ð42€L.Ed.2d€110,€95€S.Ct.€131€(1974).Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòWoodóó,€924€S.W.2d€at€348.Ð  h ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àCertainly,€we€recognize€the€difficulties€encountered€in€this€regard€by€a€person€facedÏwith€criminal€charges.€€However,€under€the€particular€circumstances€of€this€case,€we€agreeÏwith€the€holding€of€the€court€in€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€818€S.W.2d€350,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð H˜  Ð1991):ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àFinally,€the€evidence€in€this€record€does€not€indicate€that€theÏdefendant€was€impaired€in€her€ability€to€prepare€a€defense.€InÏfact,€it€would€have€handicapped€Lentz€if€she€had€been€forcedÏto€prepare€simultaneously€for€the€charges€pending€here€andÏthose€in€Georgia.€This€record€does€not€demonstrate,€by€virtueÏof€the€delay,€any€resultant€prejudice€in€her€preparation€for€trial.ÏWe€therefore€find€no€deprivation€of€Lentzððs€right€to€a€speedyÏtrial.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àIn€this€matter,€there€is€no€allegation€or€proof€that€the€defendant€was€hampered€inÏdefending€himself€because€of€the€passage€of€time€before€he€was€arrested€pursuant€to€theÏcharges.€€Further,€we€note€this€defendant,€like€that€in€òòThomasóó,€was€charged€with€otherÐ Z"ª! Ðoffenses€between€the€dates€of€the€offenses€herein€and€his€receiving€notice€of€theirÏpendency.€€In€fact,€within€approximately€eighteen€months€of€the€illegal€activities€inÏKingsport,€the€defendant€had€been€arrested€and€convicted€three€times€for€violations€inÏNorth€Carolina€and€Texas.€€Had€this€defendant€received€more€timely€notice€of€theseÏcharges,€he€could€have€simultaneously€been€defending€himself€in€one€or€two€other€states.ÌÌà ` àThus,€in€our€analysis,€we€find€factor€four€weighs€slightly€in€favor€of€the€prosecution;Ïand,€as€a€result,€the€defendantððs€speedy€trial€claim€must€fail.ò òÐ º0 ,1 ÐÌà@??DàIII.€€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÌà ` àó óThe€defendant€has€next€alleged€there€is€insufficient€evidence€in€the€record€to€showÐ 66†17 Ðhe€ð ðsold€the€controlled€substances€to€Harrison.ðð€€As€the€basis€for€this€claim,€he€states€in€hisÏbrief:Ð Î95; ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThere€was€no€evidence€presented€that€indicated€that€theÏDefendant€made€a€profit€on€any€of€these€exchanges.€€AlthoughÏmoney€was€involved,€the€circumstances€around€theÏtransactions,€when€taken€in€their€totality,€indicate€that€thereÏwas€only€a€casual€exchange,€and€not€a€sale€of€controlledÏsubstances€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„17„¼417.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àIn€each€of€the€three€counts€of€the€indictment,€the€grand€jury€charged€the€defendantÏð ðdid€unlawfully,€feloniously,€and€knowingly€sell€to€Todd€Harrison,€a€controlled€substanceððÏin€violation€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417€(1997),€which€states€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àò òCriminal€offenses€and€penalties.€ó óÐ`¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(a)à8ä ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIt€is€an€offense€for€a€€defendant€to€knowingly:Ðâ2ä ¤ä ¤ ÐÌÓBX„Xä [À‚,È’XX„Xä hÀ‚,È’XBÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä à(1)à [ àManufacture€a€controlled€substance;Юþ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä à(2)à [ àDeliver€a€controlled€substance;Ðzʸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä à(3)à [ àSell€a€controlled€substance;€orÐF–¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä à(4)à8[¸ Ð ¸ Ð àPossess€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€toÐ b Ðmanufacture,€deliver€or€sell€such€controlledÏsubstance.Ð [-[- ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417€(1997).ÌÌÌÌÓÓà ` àOur€standard€of€review,€as€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€is€ð ðwhether,€afterÏviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€factÐ %^ $ Ðcould€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€ÏòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979)Ð ª(ú#( Ð(emphasis€in€original).€€Conflicts€in€testimony€are€resolved€in€favor€of€the€State,€which€is,Ïon€appeal,€ð ðentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€trial€evidence€and€all€reasonableÏor€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÐ .^). Ð832,€835€(Tenn.€1978);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984)Ð Ú/*+0 Ð(questions€as€to€credibility€of€witnesses€are€for€jury);€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€980€S.W.2d€414,Ð ¦1ö,2 Ð419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998);€òòState€v.€Zongeóó,€973€S.W.2d€250,€254„55€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð r3Â.4 Ð1997).ÌÌà ` àApplying€these€authorities,€we€disagree€with€the€defendantððs€assertion€that€theÐ Ö8&4: Ðevidence€was€sufficient€to€show€only€a€ð ðcasual€exchangeðð€and€have€previously€consideredÏthat€contention€in€this€opinion.€€Although€none€of€the€transactions€testified€to€by€OfficerÏHarrison€occurred€as€a€simultaneous€transaction,€with€Harrison€handing€the€money€to€theÏdefendant€and€immediately€receiving€the€drugs€in€return,€the€facts€remain,€as€HarrisonÏspecifically€testified,€that€in€each€instance€he€asked€to€purchase€drugs€from€the€defendantÏand€in€exchange€for€each€payment€did€receive€controlled€substances.€Althoughò ò€ó ótheÐ ¬ ü  Ðdefendant€did€not€always€provide€the€type€of€drugs€requested€by€Officer€Harrison,€it€isÏundisputed€the€meetings€were€prearranged€for€Harrison€to€purchase€drugs€from€theÏdefendant,€and€that€is€exactly€what€occurred€in€each€case.€€Thus,€the€evidence€wasÏsufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€conclude€that€the€three€sales€of€controlled€substancesÏby€the€defendant€were€violations€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417€(1997).ÌÌò òà ` àó óFor€these€reasons,€this€assignment€is€without€merit.ò òÐ Lœ ÐÌÓ  ÓIV.€€€PROPRIETY€OF€THE€SENTENCESÌó óÓ¬‚Óà ` àAs€to€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€the€sale€of€cocaine,€the€trial€court€sentenced€himÐ È Ðto€confinement€for€nine€years,€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender,€which€was€one€year€moreÏthan€the€minimum€sentence€for€this€offense.€€He€was€sentenced€to€two„year€sentences€inÏeach€of€the€counts€charging€the€illegal€sale€of€marijuana€and€was€fined€in€all€three€of€theÏconvictions.€The€trial€court€ordered€all€sentences€to€be€served€concurrently.€ÌÌà ` àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,Ïas€has€the€defendant€here,€this€court€conducts€a€òòde€novoóó€review€with€the€presumption€theÐ \,¬', Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ð ,.|). Ð(1997);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€880€S.W.2d€720,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€ThatÐ ø/H+0 Ðpresumption€is€conditioned€on€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€didÏin€fact€consider€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ 3à.4 Ðv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991)€(finding€ð ðpresumption€of€correctness€whichÐ \5¬06 Ðaccompanies€the€trial€courtððs€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÏrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÐ ô8D4: Ðcircumstancesðð).€€The€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€sentence€is€inappropriate.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401€(1997),€Sentencing€Commððn€Cmt.€€€When€our€reviewÐ |Ì Ðsupports€a€conclusion€that€the€trial€court€imposed€a€lawful€sentence,€ð ðthen€we€may€notÏdisturb€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.ðð€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,Ð  d Ð805€S.W.2d€785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà ` àSo€long€as€the€trial€court€follows€the€principles€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€ReformÏAct€of€1989,€the€weight€to€be€attached€to€each€enhancing€and€mitigating€factor€is€left€to€theÏdiscretion€of€the€court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€237€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.Ð ` ÐAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€comments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð Ü, Ð210€(1997)€state:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€sentencing€commission€specifically€did€not€designate€anyÏparticular€numeric€value€for€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors.€€Other€jurisdictions€have€given€these€factors€numericÏvalues€but€this€removes€the€judicial€discretion€necessary€toÏmake€individualized€sentencing€determinations.€The€provisionsÏof€this€section€which€require€that€the€judge€begin€a€sentencingÏdetermination€at€the€statutory€minimum€will€promote€a€uniformÏsentencing€procedure.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€(1997)€Sentencing€Commððn€Cmt.ÌÌÌÌÓÓò òÓ  Ó€A.€€Lengths€of€the€Sentencesó óÐ "$r# ÐÓŽÓà ` àIn€its€setting€of€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€the€sale€of€cocaine,€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€as€set€out€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„¼113€&€114€(1997).€€The€court€applied€enhancing€factor€number€(1),€the€defendant€had€ð ðaÏprevious€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessaryÏto€establish€the€appropriate€range.ðð€€The€court€also€found€two€mitigating€factors€wouldÏapply:€€(1)€the€ð ðdefendantððs€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodilyÏinjury,ðð€and€€(13),€ð ðany€other€factor€consistent€with€the€purposesðð€of€the€Criminal€SentencingÏReform€Act€of€1989.€€In€this€case,€as€ð ðother€factor[s],ðð€the€court€acknowledged€that€theÏdefendant€had€been€diagnosed€with€a€bipolar€disorder;€he€had€family€support;€and€he€hadÏwaived€extradition€to€return€to€Sullivan€County.€€Finding€the€aggravating€factors€outweighedÏthe€mitigating€factors,€the€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€nine€years,€which€was€one€yearÏmore€than€the€minimum€punishment€for€the€cocaine€offense€for€which€the€defendant€wasÐ ¾95; Ðconvicted,€and€to€two€years€each€for€the€marijuana€offenses.ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€argues€the€trial€court€should€have€also€applied€mitigating€factor€€(4),Ïð ð[t]he€defendant€played€a€minor€role€in€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„113(4)€(1997).€€The€defendant€argues€this€factor€is€applicable€because€he€had€noÏautomobile,€the€exchanges€were€ð ðfacilitated€by€Officer€Harrisonðð€picking€him€up,€and€heÏonly€acquired€the€drugs€as€requested€but€did€not€ð ðpush€drugsðð€onto€the€officer.€€Further,€theÏdefendant€contends€his€role€was€minor€because€he€ð ðexhibited€no€control€over€the€controlledÏsubstances,€and€was€not€able€to€accurately€predict€what€would€be€available€or€what€theÏprice€would€be.ðð€€However,€given€the€nature€and€extent€of€the€defendantððs€activities€in€theÏsale€of€the€drugs,€we€do€not€agree€his€role€was€ð ðminor.ðð€€There€is€no€evidence€theÏdefendant€was€talked€into€selling€the€drugs€by€Officer€Harrison.€€In€fact,€they€met€on€eachÏoccasion€for€the€express€purpose€of€Harrisonððs€purchasing€€drugs€from€the€defendant.€ÏEven€though,€apparently,€the€defendant€obtained€the€drugs€from€others,€he€was€paid€byÏOfficer€Harrison€for€each€sale.€Thus,€the€trial€court€properly€found€his€role€was€not€ð ðminor.ððÌÌà ` àIn€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àThe€Courtððs€of€the€opinion€the€enhancing€factors€outweighÏthe€mitigating€factors.€The€Courtððs€of€the€opinion€the€sentenceÏin€this€case€should€be€nine€years€on€the€Class€B€felony.€TheÏdefendant€will€receive€„„€of€course€receive€credit€for€all€timeÏserved.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓ‚˜ÓÓÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà ä àAs€to€consecutive€sentencing€factors,€although€theÏdefendant€has€a€record,€the€Court€must€consider€justice,€theÏdefendant€was€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age.€€€Although€theÏCourtððs€of€the€opinion€that€prior€record€has€a€very€significanceÏ„„€great€significance€in€length€of€sentence€in€regards€toÏpotential€danger,€future€dangers€to€the€community,€the€courtsÏbelieve€that€should€be€given€lesser€weight€on€consecutiveÏsentencing€factors,€and€Iððm€going€to€direct€the€sentence€will€beÏrun€concurrently.Óñ™ÓÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àWe€believe€the€trial€court€properly€identified€and€applied€the€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors.€€Since€the€courtððs€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€weÏmay€not€modify€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 7P28 ÐApp.€1991);€òòState€v.€Housewrightóó,€982€S.W.2d€354,€356€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ð Ì84: ÐAccordingly,€this€assignment€of€error€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓB.€€€Denial€of€Probation€or€Alternative€Sentencingó óÐ H˜ ÐÓ%žÓà ` àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€other€thanÏincarceration€as€to€the€three€sentences.ÌÌà ` àFirst,€we€note€the€nine„year€sentence€imposed€for€the€sale€of€cocaine,€a€Class€BÏfelony,€could€not€be€suspended:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA€defendant€shall€be€eligible€for€probation€under€the€provisionsÏof€this€chapter€if€the€sentence€actually€imposed€upon€suchÏdefendant€is€eight€(8)€years€or€less;€provided,€that€a€defendantÏshall€not€be€eligible€for€probation€under€the€provisions€of€thisÏchapter€if€the€defendant€is€convicted€of€a€violation€of€ðð€39„17„¼417(b)€or€(I),€ðð€39„13„304,€ðð€39„13„402,€€ðð€39„15„402€or€ðð€39„¼13„504.€€A€defendant€shall€also€be€eligible€for€probationÏpursuant€ðð€40„36„106(e)(3).Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a)€(1997).ÌÌà ` àThus,€the€sentence€could€not€be€suspended.€€In€addition,€because€the€defendantÏwas€convicted€of€the€sale€of€a€Schedule€I€controlled€substance€€in€violation€of€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„17„417€(a)€&€(b)€(1997),€he€was€not€eligible€to€have€this€sentence€suspended.ÏSince€we€have€made€this€determination€as€to€the€cocaine€sentence,€the€question€is€nowÏmoot€as€to€whether€the€sentences€for€sale€of€marijuana€should€have€been€suspended.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThe€defendant€was€also€eligible€to€be€considered€for€the€Community€CorrectionsÏProgram,€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„36„101€to€„306€(1997),€the€TennesseeÏCommunity€Corrections€Act€of€1985.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€it€does€not€appear€that€theÏpossibility€of€alternative€sentencing€was€discussed€or€findings€were€made€as€to€whetherÏthe€defendant€should€be€placed€into€the€Community€Corrections€Program.€€Accordingly,Ïwe€will€now€determine€whether€the€defendant€should€have€been€placed€into€this€program.Ð Ž2Þ-3 ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ð Z4ª/5 ÐÌà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€according€to€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€€atÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6)€(1997),€the€defendant€is€not€presumed€to€be€a€candidateÐ ¾95; Ðfor€alternative€sentencing,€because€he€was€convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony.€€Further,€sinceÏthe€defendant€is€not€benefitted€by€the€presumption€he€is€suitable€for€alternative€sentencing,Ïhe€has€the€burden€of€establishing€such€a€sentence€would€ð ðððsubserve€the€ends€of€justiceÏand€the€best€interests€of€both€the€public€and€the€defendant.ððð ð€€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910Ð  d ÐS.W.2d€448,€456€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€259Ð à 0 Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€In€determining€whether€the€defendant€should€have€been€givenÏan€alternative€sentence,€we€consider€the€following€principles:ÌÓÓÓBX„Xz [À‚,È’XX„Xä [À‚,È’XBÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(1)à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àSentences€involving€confinement€should€be€basedÐ D”  Ðupon€the€following€considerations:Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(A)à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àConfinement€is€necessary€to€protect€society€byÐ öF Ðrestraining€a€defendant€who€has€a€long€history€ofÏcriminal€conduct;Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(B)à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àConfinement€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€theÐ ŽÞ Ðseriousness€of€the€offense€or€confinement€isÏparticularly€suited€to€provide€an€effective€deterrenceÏto€others€likely€to€commit€similar€offenses;€or,Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(C)à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àMeasures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€haveÐ  \ Ðfrequently€€or€recently€been€applied€unsuccessfullyÏto€the€defendant[.]Ð z z  ÐÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103€(1997);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€167Ð ¤ô Ð(Tenn.€1991);€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€453„54€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð p!À  ÐÌà ` àAccording€to€the€presentence€report€filed€with€the€trial€court,€in€addition€to€the€threeÏconvictions€which€are€the€basis€for€this€appeal,€the€defendant€has€five€other€convictions:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOn€October€18,€1993,€convicted€of€attemptedÐ  (ð#( Ðbreaking€and€entering€in€Pitt€County€District€Court€€Ïfor€Greenville,€North€Carolina€and€received€aÏsentence€of€two€years,€Cause€No.€1993CR021127;Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOn€November€22,€1994,€convicted€in€Cause€No.€94„Ð -n(- Ð3366,€of€possession€of€marijuana€in€an€amount€ofÏtwo€ounces€or€less€in€the€County€Court€at€Law€ofÏEctor€County,€Texas;Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOn€January€6,€1995,€convicted€in€Cause€No.€95„67Ð œ1ì,2 Ðof€possession€of€marijuana€in€an€amount€of€twoÏounces€or€less€in€the€County€Court€at€Law€of€EctorÏCounty,€Texas;Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOn€November€22,€1995,€convicted€in€Cause€No.€94„Ð 6j17 Ð3471€of€theft€($20€or€more€but€less€than€$500)€in€theÏCounty€Court€at€Law€of€Ector€County,€Texas;Ð z z  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à5.à8z ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOn€January€3,€1996,€convicted€in€Cause€Ô_ÔNo.Ð ²95; ÐA25097€of€carrying€a€prohibited€weapon€andÏreceived€a€sentence€of€two€years€in€the€70th€JudicialÏDistrict€Court,€Ector€County,€Texas.€Ð z z  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àAccording€to€the€Ô_ÔpresentenceÔ_Ô€report,€the€defendant€has€lived€in€Texas€for€theÏmajority€of€his€life,€but€has€also€lived€in€North€Carolina,€Tennessee,€and€Minnesota.€€HeÏhas€an€ð ðunstableðð€employment€history€and€has€been€on€probation€at€least€twice.€€InÏOctober€1993,€apparently€after€being€put€on€probation€in€North€Carolina€following€a€guiltyÏplea€to€the€offense€of€attempted€breaking€and€entering,€the€defendantððs€probation€wasÏrevoked€and€he€was€incarcerated.€€Additionally,€as€of€October€7,€1998,€the€date€of€theÏÔ_ÔpresentenceÔ_Ô€report,€he€was€on€probation€for€two€years€from€Ector€County,€Texas,€for€theÏoffense€of€carrying€a€prohibited€weapon.€€It€appears€he€has€been€incarcerated€on€at€leastÏfour€occasions,€for€periods€of€between€three€and€forty€days,€following€pleas€of€guilty.€€TheÏrecord€reflects€the€defendant€was€charged€on€August€15,€1996,€in€Ector€County,€Texas,Ïwith€the€delivery€of€marijuana,€apparently€in€an€amount€between€one„quarter€ounce€andÏfive€pounds.€ÌÌà ` àThus,€during€the€years€following€his€sales€of€controlled€substances€in€SullivanÏCounty€to€Officer€Harrison,€the€defendant€has€been€arrested€at€least€six€times€andÏconvicted€at€least€five€times.€€It€appears€he€has€been€incarcerated€on€four€occasionsÏfollowing€convictions,€has€been€on€both€parole€and€probation€at€least€once,€and€has€hadÏone€felony€conviction.€€Further,€he€was€on€probation€at€the€time€of€his€convictions€inÏSullivan€County.€Thus,€the€defendant€would€have€been€disqualified€from€alternativeÏsentencing€because€confinement€was€necessary€as€the€result€of€ð ðhis€long€history€ofÏcriminal€conductðð€and€because€ð ðmeasures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€have€frequentlyÏor€recently€been€applied€unsuccessfully€to€the€defendant.ððÌÌà ` àThis€assignment€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@¤¤*Dàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ 7P28 Ðà ` àBased€upon€the€authorities€and€the€reasoning€set€out€herein,€we€affirm€the€judgmentÐ Ø8(4: Ðof€the€trial€court.€ÌÌ€€€€€€ÌÓÓññÌÔ_ÔññññÔ‡ XªºXXXªºÔññÔ_Ôà ` àà ¸ àà z àà [ àà À àà ì à________________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà z àà [ àà À àà ì àALAN€E.€€GLENN,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ____________________________________ÌJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGEññÔ#†XªºXX Xªº‚º#Ôññ