ÿWPCý( …# VUNa %¯ 0ñµU:¦ w@à 4 4 C 05K 0D€ 0JÄ 0T 0^b 0hÀ 0r( 0|š 0† 0œ 1u,U,¡ 0dÍ B1U,NU>zU *¸B)â D3 DC> AM 0@ÎÐ!ÞÿP¤cv~ vÓ…! AOX'Ƨ' 0Dm( D/±( Bà(˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ÉÞÍ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÔ€XíèXXXÔÑ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular a Db c Dd De Uf Dg h Ei j Ó€ypÑ 3|xu (å(3óÛ$¤¤Ý ƒÞÍ!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€X ˜XXXÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$'ÿÿdxd))))7Border 1dd€-+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ÆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€(ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€(XÔÌÌò òJulyÏ9,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€(ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ€ÓÓ  ÓÓÓ€€à àà àThe€punishment€for€a€class€A€felony€under€Range€I€is€fifteen€toÏtwenty„five€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ€ÓÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€punishment€for€a€class€C€felony€under€Range€II€is€six€to€tenÏyears.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(b)(3).Ì FÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ€ÓÓ  ÓÓÓ€€à àà àThe€trial€court€noted€that€the€kidnappings›€of€Carol€and€BrianÏCarlin€were€initiated€at€essentially€the€same€time.€€The€kidnapping€of€Allen€CarltonÏoccurred€thereafter.Ì šÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓ€ÓÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àWe€note€that€the€appellant€cites€portions€of€òòState€v.€Wilkerson›óó,Ï905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995)€and€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€814€S.W.2d€379€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1991).€€These€cases€discuss€the€requirements€for€consecutive€sentencing€asÏa€dangerous€offender.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€As€noted,€the€trialÏcourt€based€the€consecutive€sentencing€on€the€appellantððs€extensive€criminalÏhistory;€thus,€we€need€not€discuss€the€requirements€for€consecutive€sentencing€asÏa€dangerous€offender.€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÔ€(ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÑ ° ÑÓÓÑ7€ ˜XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßL€,.+;+'h|` à. `€€Lß›à@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌà@ àóóAPRIL€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àœNo.€03C01„9507„CR„00194›ÌÌà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà à*à àKNOX€COUNTYÌÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Mary€BethÏLeibowitzÌÌTIMMY€L.€LASTER,à àà à*à à(Especially€AggravatedÏKidnapping;Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAggravatedÏBurglary;€Aggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à à*ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellant:à àà àà àà àFor€the€AppelleeóóÌÌMark€E.€Stephensà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€&ÏReporterÌSixth€Judicial€Districtà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TNÏ37243„0493ÌLeslie€Nassiosà àà àà àà àÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àMichael€J.€Fahey,€IIÌ1209€Euclid€Avenueà àà àà àAsst.€AttorneyÏGeneral€ÌKnoxville,€TN€37921à àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TNÏ37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRandall€E.€NicholsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRobert€L.€Jolley,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCity€County€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àKnoxville,€TN€37902Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€___________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€appellant,€Timmy€L.€Laster,€entered€pleas€of€guilty€to€three€counts€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping,€a€class€A€felony,€two€counts€of€aggravated€assault,Ïa€class€C€felony,€and€one€count€of€aggravated€burglary,€a€class€C€felony.€€He€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€twenty„two€years€for€each€of€the€threeÏespecially€aggravated€kidnappings€in€case€number€55799;× ƒ/ ××  ×€one€of€the€sentences€is€toÍrun€consecutively€to€the€others,€for€an€effective€total€of€forty„four€years.€€He€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€to€concurrent€six€year€sentences€for€theÏaggravated€assault€and€the€aggravated€burglary€in€case€number€55800,€and€to€sixÏyears€for€the€aggravated€assault€in€case€number€55801.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€The€œsix„year€sentence›€forÏœthe€aggravated›€œburglary€in›€case€number€œ55800›€is€to€run€consecutively€to€theÏsentences€in€case€œnumber›€œ55799.›€€The€total€effective€sentence€is€fifty„six€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€applied€an€improperÏenhancement€factor,€failed€to€apply€appropriate€mitigating€factors,€and€erroneouslyÏimposed€consecutive€sentences.€€He€also€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€applyÏthe€purposes€and€principles€of€sentencing€resulted€in€a€sentence€that€was€notÏreasonably€related€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses.€€We€find€no€error€and€affirm€theÏjudgments€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€facts€were€stipulated.€€On€June€21,€1994,€the€appellant€forced€hisÏway€into€the€home€of€Kathy€Foster€by€threatening€her€with€a€loaded€.22€caliberÏhandgun.€€Fosterððs€seven€month€old€baby€was€also€present.€€After€warning€Foster€notÏto€call€the€police,€the€appellant€fled.€€Minutes€later,€the€appellant€stopped€a€car€drivenÏby€œEleanor€ÌCagle.›€€He€struck€the€window€with€his€fist€and€pointed€his€gun€at€Cagle€through€theÏwindow.€€Cagle€accelerated€the€car,€dragging€the€appellant€a€short€distance€before€heÏlet€go€of€the€door.€€Approximately€fifteen€minutes€later,€the€appellant€forced€his€way€intoÏthe€home€of€Allen€and€Carol€Carlin.€€He€held€Carol€Carlin€and€her€sixteen€year€oldÏson,€Brian,€at€gunpoint.€€When€Allen€Carlin€later€arrived€home,€the€appellantÏthreatened€him€with€the€gun€and€kept€all€three€individuals€at€gunpoint€for€some€threeÏhours.€€Eventually,€Allen€Carlin€was€able€to€convince€the€appellant€to€surrender€hisÏgun€and€to€leave€the€home.€€The€appellant€was€later€found€by€police€and€he€confessedÏto€the€crimes.ÌÌà@ àò òIó óÌà àà àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€length,€range€or€manner€of€service€of€aÏsentence,€the€reviewing€court€must€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€were€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€presumption€of€correctness€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€reviewing€the€record,€this€court€must€consider€(a)€the€evidenceÏadduced€at€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,€(c)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel,€(e)€the€nature€andÏcharacteristics€of€the€offenses,€and€(f)€the€appellantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102€&€103.€€The€burden€ofÍshowing€that€a€sentence€is€improper€is€on€the€appealing€party.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)(sentencing€commission€comments).ÌÌà àà àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€within€the€applicable€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€theÏsentence€within€the€range€based€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and€thenÏreduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€&€(e).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€each€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððsÏdiscretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€sentencingÏact,€and€its€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€(sentencing€commission€comments);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€œJonesóó,›€œ883›€S.W.2d€œ597,€599›Ï(Tenn.€œ1994).›ÌÌà@ àò òAó óÌà àà àThe€trial€court€found€that€three€enhancement€factors€applied€to€theÏsentences€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping:€that€the€appellant€had€a€previousÏhistory€of€criminal€convictions€or€behavior€in€addition€to€those€used€to€establish€theÏappropriate€range;€that€the€appellant€had€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€complyÏwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community;€and€that€theÏappellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€wasÏhigh.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8),€&€(10).€€The€appellant€does€not€specificallyÍcontest€the€application€of€(1)€or€(8);€and€the€record€œoverwhelmingly›€supports€the€trialÏcourtððs€findings.€€The€presentence€report€reveals€that€the€appellant€has€numerous€priorÏconvictions€for€felony€and€misdemeanor€offenses.€€The€report€also€indicates€that€theÏappellant€has€received€probation€for€prior€offenses,€and€that€he€was€on€probation€forÏmisdemeanor€assault€when€the€present€crimes€were€committed.€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€appellant€does,€however,€contest€factor€(10).€€He€argues€that€it€is€notÏa€proper€enhancing€factor€because€a€risk€to€human€life€is€inherent€in€the€offense€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€The€State€concedes€that€the€factor€should€not€haveÏbeen€applied.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Ronald€Collieróó,€No.€02C01„9402„CC„00029€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Jackson,€Oct.€5,€1994)(enhancement€factor€114(10)€should€not€be€applied€toÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping).€€We€agree€that€the€ð ðrisk€to€human€lifeðð€factorÏshould€not€have€been€applied€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305(a)(1).€ÏGiven€the€weight€of€the€remaining€two€factors,€however,€we€conclude€that€the€appellantÏhas€not€shown€that€the€sentences€of€twenty„two€years€were€inappropriate.ÌÌà àà àThe€appellant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€did€not€give€sufficient€weightÏto€mitigating€factors€such€as€his€ð ðcooperation,€remorse,€and€acceptance€ofÏresponsibility.ðð€€The€record€reflects,€however,€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏappellantððs€voluntary€release€of€his€kidnapping€victims€as€a€mitigating€factor€asÏrequired€by€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€statute.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305(b)(2).€€The€trial€court€also€acknowledged€the€appellantððs€expression€of€remorse€forÍhis€actions.€€While€the€record€does€not€indicate€the€exact€weight€given€to€each€of€theseÏfactors,€it€is€clear€that€they€were€given€full€consideration€by€the€trial€judge.€€TheÏapplicable€range€of€punishment€was€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years.€€The€trial€courtÏimposed€sentences€of€twenty„two€years.€€In€sum,€the€appellant€has€not€shown€that€theÏsentences€were€improper.ÌÌà@ àò òBó óÌà àà àThe€trial€court€ordered€some€of€the€sentences€to€run€consecutively€basedÏupon€the€appellantððs€ð ðconsiderable€history€of€criminal€œconviction[s›]....ðð€€€The€trial€courtÏalso€noted€that€the€appellant€had€no€regard€for€human€life,€that€the€appellantððs€criminalÏhistory€showed€his€escalation€to€more€serious€offenses,€and€that€the€appellant€had€anÏopportunity€to€stop€after€each€offense€but€did€not.ÌÌà àà àConsecutive€sentencing€is€appropriate€if€the€court€finds€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€one€or€more€of€the€factors€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„115(b).€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2).€€The€appellantÏconcedes€that€he€has€a€prior€record,€but€argues€that€the€offenses€were€for€relativelyÏminor€crimes.€€The€record€indicates€that€the€appellant€has€prior€felony€convictions€forÏburglary,€petit€larceny,€attempt€to€commit€a€felony,€and€joyriding.€€He€has€numerousÏprior€misdemeanor€convictions€for€simple€assault€and€assault€and€battery.€€He€was€onÏprobation€for€assault€when€he€committed€the€crimes€herein.€€He€also€has€an€extensiveÍjuvenile€record.€€In€sum,€the€appellant€has€not€shown€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏimposing€consecutive€sentences.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Chrismanóó,€885€S.W.2d€834,€839€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1994)(consecutive€sentencing€proper€where€defendant€had€convictions€forÏtwo€drug€offenses,€two€weapons€offenses,€and€several€misdemeanor€offenses).ÌÌà àà àThe€appellant€also€argues€that€the€effective€sentence€of€fifty„six€years€isÏnot€reasonably€related€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses€because€he€released€theÏvictims€unharmed€and€later€expressed€remorse€for€his€conduct.€€€Similarly,€he€assertsÏthat€the€record€does€not€support€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€sentence€wasÏnecessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct.€€In€particular,€he€arguesÏthat€all€three€sentences€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€should€runÏconcurrently.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€We€again€disagree€with€the€appellantððs€contentions.€€The€trial€courtÏgave€full€consideration€to€the€appellantððs€arguments€before€imposing€the€sentences,Ïand€it€based€the€consecutive€sentences€on€the€appellantððs€extensive€criminal€record.€ÏThe€appellant€has€not€shown€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€this€regard.œ× ƒ2 ××  ×›€€€€ÌÌà@ àò òCó óÌà àà àFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€make€specificÏfindings€of€fact€and€failed€to€consider€the€purposes€and€principles€of€sentencing.€€InÏeffect,€the€appellant€reargues€the€points€made€in€the€preceding€issues€and€he€claimsÏthat€the€effective€sentence€of€fifty„six€years€was€not€œreasonably›€related€to€theÏseriousness€of€the€offenses.€€The€record,€however,€indicates€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€presentence€report,€the€applicable€case€law,€and€the€arguments€ofÏcounsel€as€required€by€the€sentencing€act.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210.€€TheÏtrial€court€then€applied€proper€enhancing€factors,€gave€due€consideration€to€certainÏmitigating€factors,€and€ordered€several€of€the€sentences€to€run€consecutively.€€The€trialÏcourt€specifically€found€that€the€sentence€imposed€was€reasonably€related€to€theÏseriousness€of€the€offenses€and€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminalÏacts.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102.€€All€of€the€findings€were€made€on€the€record.€ÏAccordingly,€the€appellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€ground.ÌÌà@ àò òIIó óÌà àà àFor€all€of€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€appellantððs€issues€are€without€merit.€ÏThe€judgments€are€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à___________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge