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BÍ!˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡mG Ã9 Z3|x– vwxyz#,37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(<1$´´Ô2Ô6.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0  à(gfi$µµà0  àÔ2(ÆÔ6.Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#à(bÕä$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(F(2ÆI$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÑ` °ÑÒ4°ÒÒX°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóŠÓ€”•U–D2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Courier New&&&&'ÿÿdxd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial îÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÔ€/ÔÔ€/ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€/XÔÌÌFebruary€13,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ­Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÑ ` ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ôÔIn€òòSolomonóó,€the€petitioner€alleged€that€his€prior€plea€was€neitherÏknowingly€nor€voluntarily€made.€€The€trial€court,€however,€did€not€conductÏan€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€claim.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò(xâr$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒU$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(Ÿ@Æ$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³ýt$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(Çñû$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€''X„d&ÓÑ#€''Xd#ÑÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€)ÔßL€.0,;+'h|S` ç `€€Lßà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÏOF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEóóÌà@ à€FEBRUARY€1995€SESSIONÌÌÌÌTERRY€LEWIS,à àà àà àà à*€C.C.A.€#€01C01„9410„CC„00355Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT,à à*€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à*€Hon.€Barbara€N.€Haynes,€JudgeÌÓÓMETROPOLITAN€GENERAL€à àà à*€€€ÌSESSIONS€COURT€FOR€NASHVILLEà àÌand€DAVIDSON€COUNTY,€and€à à*€(Habeas€Corpus)ÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à*ÌÌà àà àà àAPPELLEES.à à*à à€ÌÌÌÌòòÌÌÌFor€the€Appellant:óóà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appellees:óóÌÌJohn€E.€Herbison€à àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorneyà à€à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ2016€Eighth€Avenue€Southà àà àÌNashville,€TN€€37204à àà àMerrilyn€Feirman€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àand€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJoel€W.€Perry€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorneys€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0485ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€F.€HowardÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMetropolitan€Attorney€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à204€Metropolitan€Courthouse€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37201€ÌÌÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÇÑ7€ÆvXXdìXXdì7Ñòòà@ àOPINIONÌóóÌÓÓà àà àò òThe€petitioner,€Terry€Lewis,€appeals€the€trial€court'sÏdenial€of€his€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus.€€ÌÌà àà àTwo€issues€are€presented€for€our€review:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)à àwhether€the€trial€court€properlyÏdismissed€the€petition€based€upon€lack€ofÏsubject€matter€jurisdiction;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àwhether€the€petitioner's€judgment€ofÏconviction€in€the€general€sessions€courtÏwas€facially€invalid.Ìó óÌÌÌÓÓà àà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àOn€August€28,€1984,€the€petitioner€was€charged€withÏsexual€battery,€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„2„607(a)Ïand€39„2„604(a).€€Two€days€later,€he€entered€a€plea€of€guilt€toÏthe€reduced€charge€of€assault€and€battery,€a€misdemeanor,€andÏwas€granted€probation€on€a€sentence€of€11€months€and€29€days.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€petitioner€was€later€convicted€in€Florida€on€fourÏfelony€theft€charges€and€sentenced€to€an€aggregate€term€of€12Ïyears€in€prison.€€The€1984€misdemeanor€conviction€in€this€stateÏdisqualified€the€petitioner€from€consideration€for€an€earlyÍrelease€from€the€Florida€sentence.€€ÌÌà àà àOn€June€14,€1994,€the€petitioner,€incarcerated€inÏFlorida,€filed€this€action€seeking€relief€from€the€assault€andÏbattery€conviction€in€this€state.€€The€Control€ReleaseÏAdministrator€for€the€Florida€Parole€Commission€filed€anÏaffidavit€stating€that€a€Florida€statute€makes€ineligible€anyÏinmate€who€has€previously€committed,€among€other€offenses,Ïeither€an€assault€or€a€battery€"and€a€sex€act€was€attempted€orÏcompleted€during€the€commission€of€such€offense."€€ÌÌà àà àIn€challenging€the€facial€validity€of€the€judgment€ofÏconviction,€the€petitioner€first€asserted€that€because€sexualÏbattery€was€a€felony€in€1984,€the€general€sessions€court€had€noÏauthority€other€than€to€hold€a€preliminary€hearing€and€to€eitherÏbind€the€defendant€over€to€the€grand€jury€or€dismiss€the€charge.€ÏThe€petitioner€also€pointed€out€that€a€sexual€battery,€at€theÏtime€of€the€offense,€required€an€unlawful€sexual€contact€withÏanother€accompanied€by€one€of€three€elements:€€force€or€coercionÏby€the€defendant,€a€mentally€or€physically€helpless€victim,€orÏsexual€contact€by€fraud.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„2„604€and€39„2„607(a)(1982).€€As€a€second€ground€for€relief,€he€claimed€thatÍthe€arrest€warrant,€wherein€the€prosecutrix€alleged€that€he€hadÏ"kept€trying€to€pull€[her]€top€down,"€was€patently€invalid€forÏfailure€to€include€"the€essential€facts€constituting€the€offenseÏcharged."€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€3.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€dismissed€the€habeas€corpus€petitionÏwithout€an€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€basis€that€the€petitionerÏwas€"not€imprisoned€or€restrained€of€his€liberty,"€as€requiredÏby€the€enabling€statute,€and€had€not€established€subject€matterÏjurisdiction.€€€ÌÌà@ àIÌà àà àIn€order€to€obtain€relief€by€way€of€habeas€corpus,€theÏpetitioner€must€establish€a€lack€of€jurisdiction€for€the€orderÏof€confinement€or€an€entitlement€to€release€based€upon€theÏexpiration€of€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòUssery€v.€Averyóó,€222€Tenn.€50,Ï432€S.W.2d€656€(1968);€òòCarroll€v.€Raneyóó,€868€S.W.2d€721€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993);€òòState€ex€rel.€Wade€v.€Norvellóó,€1€Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€447,€443€S.W.2d€839€(1969).€€Jurisdiction€is€specificallyÏconferred€upon€the€circuit€court€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„21„103:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àò òJudges€authorized€to€grant€writ.„„ó óTheÏwrit€may€be€granted€by€any€judge€of€theÏcircuit€or€criminal€courts,€or€by€anyÍchancellor€in€cases€of€equitableÏcognizance.€€ÌÌÓÓIf,€however,€a€petitioner€attempts€to€set€aside€a€convictionÏbecause€of€the€abridgement€of€a€constitutional€right,€theÏstatutory€post„conviction€procedure€is€the€single€means€ofÏrelief.€€òòLuttrell€v.€Stateóó,€644€S.W.2d€408€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1982).Ì€€Ìà àà àOur€supreme€court€addressed€this€issue€in€a€1992Ïopinion:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àThe€post„conviction€process,€set€out€inÏT.C.A.€ðððð€40„30„101,€òòetóó€òòseqóó.,€provides€forÏchallenges€to€convictions€that€are€allegedÏto€be€either€void€or€voidable€because€ofÏthe€abridgement€of€constitutional€rights.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„30„105.€€In€contrast,€it€isÏwell€settled€in€this€state€that€the€writ€ofÏhabeas€corpus,€codified€at€T.C.A.€ðððð€29„21„101,€òòetóó€òòseqóó.,€will€issue€only€in€the€caseÏof€a€void€judgment€or€to€free€a€prisonerÏheld€in€custody€after€his€term€ofÏimprisonment€has€expired.€€òòState€ex€rel.ÏHall€v.€Meadowsóó,€215€Tenn.€668,€389€S.W.2dÏ256,€259€(1965).€€Unlike€the€post„conviction€petition,€the€purpose€of€aÏhabeas€corpus€petition€is€to€contest€voidÏand€not€merely€voidable€judgments.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€ex€rel.€Newsom€v.€Hendersonóó,€221ÏTenn.€24,€424€S.W.2d€186,€189€(1968).€€AÏpetitioner€cannot€collaterally€attack€aÏfacially€valid€conviction€in€a€habeasÏcorpus€proceeding.€€òòState€ex€rel.€HolbrookÏv.€Bomaróó,€211€Tenn.€243,€364€S.W.2d€887,Ï888€(1963).ÌÌÓÓòòPotts€v.€Stateóó,€833€S.W.2d€60,€62€(Tenn.€1992).ÌÌà àà àHad€the€trial€court€here€attempted€to€convert€theÏpetition€for€habeas€corpus€relief€to€one€for€post„convictionÏrelief,€as€authorized€by€statute,€the€claim€would€have€beenÏdismissed€as€time€barred.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„102;ÏòòArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2d€157€(Tenn.€1993).€€The€failure€toÏadvise€the€defendant€fully€of€rights€waived€by€the€entry€of€aÏguilty€plea€renders€the€judgment€voidable€rather€than€void.€ÏòòState€v.€Nealóó,€810€S.W.2d€131,€134€(Tenn.€1991).€€Simply€stated,Ïa€petitioner€cannot€make€a€collateral€attack€upon€a€faciallyÏvalid€conviction€by€way€of€a€habeas€corpus€petition.€€òòState€exÏrel.€Holbrook€v.€Bomaróó,€211€Tenn.€243,€246,€364€S.W.2d€887,€888Ï(1963).€€In€òòArcheróó,€our€supreme€court€quoted€with€approval€aÏportion€of€the€opinion€in€òòExóó€òòparteóó€òòWatkinsóó,€28€U.S.€(3€Pet.)Ï193,€202„03,€7€L.€Ed.€650,€653€(1830):ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àAn€imprisonment€under€a€judgment€cannot€beÏunlawful,€unless€that€judgment€be€anÏabsolute€nullity;€and€it€is€not€a€nullityÏif€the€court€has€general€jurisdiction€ofÏthe€subject,€although€it€should€beÏerroneous.€€ÌÌ851€S.W.2d€at€160.€€Another€quoted€passage€in€that€opinion€is€ÌÌapplicable€here:ÌÌà8 àà8 àà à"When€the€restraint,€from€which€reliefÏis€sought€by€a€writ€of€habeas€corpus,Ïproceeds€from€a€judgment€erroneous€but€notÏvoid,€the€writ€will€not€lie.€€Nor,€underÏit,€can€the€party€impeach€a€judgment€asÏcontrary€to€the€facts.€€And,€in€general,Ïthis€is€not€the€remedy€where€theÏimprisonment€is€on€judicial€process.€€ButÏwhere€the€sentence€is€void,€not€merelyÏvoidable,€or€the€term€of€imprisonment€underÏit€has€expired,€relief€may€be€had€by€theÏwrit.€...[J]udicial€officers€...€sometimesÏuse€the€writ€as€if€it€were€a€writ€of€error,Ïunder€which€they€might€correct€the€errorsÏand€irregularities€of€other€tribunals.€Ï'Any€such€employment€of€the€writ€is€anÏabuse.'"€€ÌÌ851€S.W.2d€at€161€(quoting€òòÓÓState€ex€rel.€Karr€v.€Taxing€DistrictÏof€Shelby€Countyóó,€84€Tenn.€(16€Lea)€240,€249„50€(1886)).€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€petitioner€claims€the€1984€conviction€wasÏvoid€rather€than€voidable.€€He€contends€the€general€sessionsÏcourt€lacked€jurisdiction€to€enter€any€final€judgment€whichÏoperated€as€a€felony€charge.€€Lack€of€jurisdiction,€of€course,Ïrenders€a€judgment€a€complete€nullity.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Seagravesóó,Ï837€S.W.2d€615€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Thus,€the€writ€ofÏhabeas€corpus,€if€warranted,€would€be€the€appropriate€remedy€inÏthis€case.€€The€petitioner,€however,€is€confronted€with€otherÏpotential€obstacles.€€€Generally,€petitions€for€habeas€corpusÍmust€be€filed€in€the€court€"most€convenient€in€point€of€distanceÏto€the€applicant"€unless€a€sufficient€reason€is€given€"forÏapplying€to€such€court€or€judge."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„21„105.€ÏUsually€that€means€the€county€of€incarceration.€€When,€however,Ïthe€petitioner€is€incarcerated€out€of€state,€the€"mostÏconvenient€court"€rule€is€impossible€to€satisfy.€€In€fact,Ïwhether€an€out„of„state€petitioner€has€access€to€habeas€corpusÏrelief€at€all€is,€as€indicated€in€òòArcheróó,€"a€much€more€difficultÏquestion€...€since€the€writ,€if€issued,€could€not€be€directed€toÏa€Tennessee€official."€€851€S.W.2d€at€165.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòArcheróó,€the€supreme€court€was€not€required€toÏresolve€that€threshold€procedural€issue.€€We€believe€that€to€beÏthe€case€here€as€well.€€We€do€observe,€however,€that€theÏenabling€statute€extends€the€writ€to€"òò[a]ny€person€imprisoned€orÏrestrained€of€his€liberty,€under€any€pretense€whatsoeveróó,€òòexceptÏin€cases€specified€in€ðð€29„21„102óó...."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„21„101(emphasis€added).€€That€is€clearly€a€broad€statement€ofÏjurisdiction.€€Only€federal€prisoners€"detained€by€virtue€ofÏprocess€issued€by€a€court€of€the€United€States€...€in€casesÏwhere€such€...€courts€have€exclusive€jurisdiction€...€are€notÏentitled€to€the€benefit€of€[the€Tennessee]€writ."€€Tenn.€CodeÍAnn.€ðð€29„21„102;€òòseeóó€òòPutt€v.€Stateóó,€2€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€433,€455ÏS.W.2d€161€(1970).€€That€may€imply€that€an€out„of„state€non„federal€prisoner€is.€€The€petitioner€here€has€alleged€that€heÏhas€been€"restrained€of€his€liberty"€due€to€a€facially€invalidÏjudgment€of€conviction€in€this€state.€€Had€that€been€properlyÏestablished,€the€trial€court€might€have€had€jurisdiction€toÏconsider€whether€the€petitioner€was€entitled€to€the€writ.ÌÌà@ àIIÌà@ à(A)Ìà àà àThere€is,€however,€no€requirement€that€the€trial€courtÏafford€the€habeas€corpus€petitioner€an€evidentiary€hearing€whenÏthe€facts€alleged€in€the€petition,€even€if€true,€would€not€serveÏas€a€basis€for€relief.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€ex€rel.€Byrd€v.€Bomaróó,€214ÏTenn.€476,€480„81,€381€S.W.2d€280,€282€(1964);€òòRussell€v.ÏWillesóó,€222€Tenn.€491,€496,€437€S.W.2d€529,€531€(1969).€€WeÏbelieve€that€to€be€the€case€here.€€In€our€view,€the€groundsÏalleged€by€this€petitioner,€that€the€general€sessions€court€hadÏno€authority€to€act€upon€the€1984€charge€and€was€not€otherwiseÏempowered€to€approve€a€plea€agreement€on€the€misdemeanor€offenseÏof€assault€and€battery,€have€no€merit.€€That€is€the€basis€forÏour€holding.€€We€will€attempt€to€explain.ÌÌà àà àThe€limits€of€jurisdiction€in€the€general€sessionsÏcourts€are€defined€by€the€statute:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àò ò40„1„109.€€Jurisdiction€of€generalÏsessions€courts.ó 󀄄€(a)€In€addition€toÏthe€jurisdiction€in€criminal€cases€asÏconferred€in€ðððð€16„15„401,€16„15„501,€theÏcourt€of€general€sessions€is€hereby€vestedÏwith€jurisdiction€to€try€and€determine€andÏrender€final€judgment€in€all€misdemeanorÏcases€brought€before€the€court€by€warrantÏor€information€wherein€the€person€chargedÏwith€such€misdemeanor€enters€a€plea€ofÏguilty€in€writing€or€requests€a€trial€uponÏthe€merits€and€expressly€waives€anÏindictment,€presentment,€grand€juryÏinvestigation€and€jury€trial.€Such€waiverÏshall€be€in€writing€as€provided€in€Rule€5Ïof€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÏProcedure.€€In€such€cases€the€trial€shallÏproceed€before€the€court€without€theÏintervention€of€a€jury,€and€the€court€shallÏenter€such€judgment,€and,€as€an€incidentÏthereto,€may€inflict€such€punishment€withinÏthe€limits€provided€by€law€for€theÏparticular€offense€as€the€court€mayÏdetermine€proper€under€the€peculiarÏcircumstances€of€such€case.Ìà8 àà8 àà à(b)à àThe€court€of€general€sessionsÏalso€has€original€jurisdiction€to€hear€andÏdetermine€all€charges€of€vagrancy.€€[CodeÏ1858,€ðð€4969;€Shan.,€ðð€6930;€mod.€CodeÏ1932,€ðð€11469;€Acts€1959,€ch.€109,€ðð€5;Ï1967,€ch.€360,€ðð€1;€1969,€ch.€214,€ðð€1;Ïimpl.€am.€Acts€1979,€ch.€68,€ðð€3;€T.C.A.Ï(orig.€ed.),€ðððð€40„117,€40„118;€Acts€1983,Ïch.€334,€ðð€1.]ÌÌÓÓThe€defendant€cites€òòSolomon€v.€Stateóó,€529€S.W.2d€743,€746€(Tenn.ÍCrim.€App.€1975),€as€authority€for€the€proposition€that€theÏgeneral€sessions€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€act€on€the€1984Ïfelony€charge:€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àThe€general€sessions€judge€did€notÏhave€jurisdiction€in€this€case€to€do€moreÏthan€hold€a€preliminary€examination€toÏdetermine€if€there€was€probable€cause€toÏbelieve€defendant€was€guilty€of€the€chargedÏoffense,€and€if€so€to€bind€him€over€forÏappropriate€action€by€the€grand€jury.€€ÌÌÓÓIn€that€case,€Solomon€had€been€charged€with€escape€whileÏincarcerated€for€a€felony.€€The€escape€charge€would€have€alsoÏqualified€as€a€felony.€€The€general€sessions€judge€reduced€theÏcharge€to€"escape€from€jail€while€serving€a€misdemeanorÏconviction";€that€was,€of€course,€also€a€misdemeanor.€€SolomonÏthen€filed€for€the€writ€of€habeas€corpus;€the€trial€court€deniedÏrelief€on€the€basis€that€Solomon€had€waived€all€proceduralÏrequirements€and€entered€a€guilty€plea€to€the€reduced€charge.€ÏThis€court€ruled€that€there€was€nothing€"in€any€statuteÏconferring€the€jurisdiction€on€general€sessions€judges€...Ïauthorizing€them€to€reduce€the€charge€and€assess€a€penalty€asÏwas€done€in€this€case."€€òòIdóó.€€The€conviction€was€set€aside€and€aÏnew€trial€ordered.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€holding€in€òòSolomonóó€was€based€upon€an€earlierÍruling€of€this€court€in€òòDunbar€v.€Stateóó,€4€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€310,Ï470€S.W.2d€846€(1971).€€In€òòDunbaróó,€this€court€refused€to€setÏaside€a€felony€conviction€in€the€Criminal€Court€of€Greene€CountyÏon€the€claim€by€the€defendant€that€he€had€been€previouslyÏconvicted€of€the€same€offense€in€the€Greene€County€GeneralÏSessions€Court.€€This€court€correctly€ruled€that€the€defendantÏhad€not€been€placed€in€jeopardy€by€the€first€proceeding€becauseÏthe€general€sessions€court€had€"no€authority€to€hear€the€felonyÏcharge€except€upon€the€preliminary€examination€to€discharge€himÏor€bind€him€over€to€the€circuit€or€criminal€court."€€òòIdóó.€at€312,Ï470€S.W.2d€at€847.€€Clearly,€a€general€sessions€court€had€noÏauthority€to€convict€and€sentence€on€a€felony.€€òòSolomonóó€wentÏmuch€further,€apparently€holding€that€a€general€sessions€courtÏhad€no€authority€to€approve€a€plea€agreement€wherein€the€stateÏhad,€by€all€appearances,€agreed€to€a€reduced€misdemeanor€chargeÏand€the€defendant€had,€by€all€appearances,€entered€a€knowing€andÏvoluntary€plea€of€guilt.× ƒ1 ××  ×ÌÌà àà àOur€research€indicates€that€òòSolomonóó€has€been€referredÍto€only€twice€by€our€appellate€courts€since€its€publication€someÏtwenty„five€years€ago.€€A€published€case,€òòState€v.€Osborneóó,€712ÏS.W.2d€488,€492€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986),€cited€òòSolomonóó€only€forÏthe€proposition€that€a€general€sessions€court€had€the€power€toÏdismiss€a€felony€charge€based€upon€the€state's€failure€toÏestablish€probable€cause.€€In€an€unpublished€opinion,€òòChesterÏRay€Hall€v.€Stateóó,€No.€01C01„9405„CC„00163€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÏNashville,€July€26,€1995),€this€court€merely€noted€that€òòSolomonóóÏrepresented€a€relaxation€on€the€definition€of€"restraint"€as€aÏjurisdictional€prerequisite€for€the€statutory€writ€of€habeasÏcorpus.€€Neither€of€the€two€cases€followed€òòSolomonóó.€€From€ourÏown€research,€we€have€concluded€that€this€court€may€have€decidedÏòòSolomonóó€based€upon€a€misinterpretation€of€òòDunbaróó.€ÌÌà àà àThe€rules€provide€for€a€guilty€plea€to€a€misdemeanorÏin€the€general€sessions€court:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà à(1)€Upon€Plea€of€Guilty.„„If€theÏoffense€charged€is€a€misdemeanor,€but€ofÏgreater€magnitude€than€a€small€offense,€theÏmagistrate€shall€inquire€how€the€defendantÏpleads€to€the€charge.€€If€the€plea€isÏguilty,€the€magistrate€shall€advise€theÏdefendant€of€defendant's€right€to€beÏprosecuted€only€upon€an€indictment€orÏpresentment,€and€to€be€tried€by€a€jury.€ÏUnless€the€defendant€expressly€waives€theseÏrights€in€writing,€the€magistrate€shall€setÍa€preliminary€examination€to€be€had€withinÏten€days€if€the€defendant€remains€inÏcustody€and€within€thirty€days€if€releasedÏunder€Rule€46,€unless€the€defendant€waivesÏpreliminary€examination,€in€which€case€theÏmagistrate€may€bind€the€defendant€over€toÏthe€grand€jury.€€If€the€defendant€offers€toÏwaive€the€right€to€a€grand€juryÏinvestigation€and€a€trial€by€jury,€theÏcourt€may€permit€it€if€the€districtÏattorney€general€or€his€representative€doesÏnot€then€object.€€In€the€event€of€suchÏwaiver,€the€magistrate€shall€hear€the€caseÏupon€the€guilty€plea€and€fix€such€sentenceÏas€the€evidence€warrants€and€the€lawÏdirects.€€An€appeal€shall€lie€from€aÏjudgment€upon€a€plea€of€guilty€to€aÏmisdemeanor€after€waiver€of€grand€juryÏinvestigation€and€jury€trial,€but€only€asÏto€the€sentence€imposed.€€ÌÌTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€5(c)(1).ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àOften,€cases€which€begin€as€a€felony€charge€result€inÏa€plea€agreement€in€the€general€sessions€court.€€The€state€isÏentitled€to€a€trial€by€jury€on€all€misdemeanor€charges€and€may,Ïof€course,€reject€any€offer€to€enter€a€plea€of€guilt:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àò òTrial€by€Jury.ó ó€€In€all€criminal€casesÏexcept€small€offenses,€trial€shall€be€byÏjury€unless€the€defendant€waives€a€juryÏtrial€in€writing€òòwith€the€approval€of€theÏcourt€and€the€consent€of€the€districtÏattorney€generalóó.€€The€defendant€may€waiveÏjury€trial€at€any€time€before€the€jury€isÏsworn.€€ÌÌà@ àCommittee€CommentÌÌà8 àà8 àà àWhile€the€State€does€not€have€aÏconstitutional€right€to€a€trial€by€jury,Ïòòthis€rule€requires€the€consent€of€theÏDistrict€Attorney€General€to€any€waiver€ofÏthe€defendant's€rightóó.€€The€court€must€alsoÏapprove€the€waiver.€€This€rule€isÏapplicable€in€General€Sessions€Court,€inÏthe€context€of€a€defendant's€offer€to€waiveÏtrial€by€jury.€€ÌÌÓÓTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€23€(emphasis€added).€€Moreover,€the€state€mustÏagree€before€a€felony€charge€can€be€reduced€to€a€misdemeanor:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àIt€is€important€to€note€that€while€theÏConstitution€and€the€Rules€vest€the€rightÏto€trial€by€jury€in€the€accused,€òòthis€rightÏcannot€be€waived€under€this€rule€in€theÏface€of€an€objection€by€the€DistrictÏAttorney€General€or€his€representative.€ÏThis€provision€acts€as€a€safeguard€againstÏthe€possibility€that€an€accused€might€beÏpermitted€to€enter€a€guilty€plea€to€aÏlesser€included€offense€and€effectively€barÏprosecution€for€a€more€serious€crime.óó€ÏòòPrice€v.€Georgiaóó,€389€U.S.€323€(1970);ÏòòWaller€v.€Floridaóó,€397€U.S.€387€(1970).€ÏHence,€in€effect€the€state€now€has€a€rightÏto€a€trial€by€jury,€if€the€DistrictÏAttorney€General€or€his€representativeÏasserts€the€right€by€objecting€to€theÏwaiver€by€the€defendant.€€òòNote€that€theÏrule€does€not€require€an€affirmative€act€onÏbehalf€of€the€State€before€an€accused€canÏeffectively€waive€the€right,€but€simplyÏprovides€that€it€cannot€be€done€in€the€faceÏof€an€objection.óó€€This€wording€by€theÏCommission€was€deliberate,€because€it€isÏrecognized€that€many€General€SessionsÏCourts€must€sometimes€operate€without€theÏpresence€of€the€District€Attorney€GeneralÏor€his€representative.€€Nevertheless,€inÍorder€to€exercise€an€objection€and€thusÏprotect€the€state's€position,€the€DistrictÏAttorney€General€or€his€representative€willÏneed€to€know€of€the€proceeding€and€to€enterÏan€objection.€€òòThe€court€should€construeÏthe€words€"or€his€representative"€toÏinclude€anyone€connected€with€lawÏenforcement€who€reports€to€the€court€thatÏthe€District€Attorney€General€or€one€of€hisÏassistants€has€requested€that€the€objectionÏbe€made.óó€€ÌÌÓÓTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€5,€Advisory€Commission€Comments€at€581Ï(emphasis€added).€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€the€state€waives€its€right€to€jury€and€approvesÏof€a€plea€agreement,€that,€in€our€view,€is€the€equivalent€of€aÏdismissal€on€the€felony,€a€recharge€in€the€misdemeanor,€and€aÏguilty€plea.€€Any€resultant€conviction€is€facially€valid€so€longÏas€the€judgment€document€meets€all€other€requirements.€€TheÏjudgment€form€here€bears€the€signature€of€the€defendant€on€aÏwaiver:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àThe€defendant,€Terry€Lewis,€pleads€guiltyÏto€the€offense€of€A€[and]€B€and€waives€his€Ïright€to€be€tried€only€by€indictment€orÏpresentment€preferred€by€a€Grand€Jury,€andÏlikewise€waives€trial€by€a€jury€of€hisÏpeers.€ÌÌÓÓThe€August€30,€1984,€judgment€document€provides€that€theÏpetitioner€waived€his€rights€and€entered€a€guilty€plea€beforeÍbeing€sentenced€to€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days,€all€ofÏwhich€was€suspended.€€The€judgment€includes€the€signature€of€theÏJudge€of€the€Davidson€County€General€Sessions€Court,€providesÏfor€a€sentence€for€a€crime€within€the€jurisdiction€of€the€court,Ïand€is€otherwise€valid€on€its€face.€€The€Rules€of€CriminalÏProcedure€were€in€effect€at€the€time€of€the€plea.€€The€generalÏsessions€court€would€have€had€no€authority€to€dispose€of€theÏcases€absent€the€consent€of€the€district€attorney€general€or€hisÏrepresentative.€€All€of€that€rendered€the€judgment€as€faciallyÏvalid.€€Our€conclusion€bars€any€possibility€of€relief€under€theÏpetition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus.€€ÌÌà@ à(B)Ìà àà àThe€petitioner€also€points€out€that€the€chargingÏinstrument€must€allege€every€element€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Perkisonóó,€867€S.W.2d€1,€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€TheÏdefendant€cites€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2d€796€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1979),€for€the€proposition€that€the€rule€applies€equally€toÏindictments,€presentments,€and€arrest€warrants.€€After€a€benchÏtrial€in€òòMorganóó,€the€conviction€for€driving€under€the€influenceÏof€an€intoxicant€was€set€aside€because€the€arrest€warrant€failedÏto€include€all€of€the€elements€of€the€offense.€€This€court€ruledÍthat€a€warrant€for€a€misdemeanor€must€allege€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense.€€òòIdóó.€at€797;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Hughesóó,€212€Tenn.€644,Ï371€S.W.2d€445€(1963).€€Quoting€òòDeJonge€v.€State€of€Oregonóó,€299ÏU.S.€353,€362€(1937),€this€court€ruled€that€a€"[c]onviction€uponÏa€charge€not€made€would€be€sheer€denial€of€due€process."€€òòStateÏv.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2d€at€798.€There€could€be€no€valid€convictionÏbased€upon€an€insufficient€warrant€or€indictment.€€The€courtÏdid,€however,€acknowledge€that€a€criminal€offense€must€beÏinitiated€"only€by€indictment€or€presentment"€and€after€a€trialÏby€jury.€€òòIdóó.€at€797;€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€6,€14.€€ThoseÏconstitutional€rights€could,€however,€be€relinquished€by€aÏwritten€waiver.€€598€S.W.2d€at€797.ÌÌà àà àThe€warrant€here€alleged€that€the€defendantÏ"unlawfully€did€engage€in€sexual€contact€with€trying€to€pullÏprosp.€top€down€under€the€following€circumstances:€€subject€cameÏto€prosp.€and€was€sitting€beside€her€and€kept€trying€to€pullÏprosp.€top€down.€€Prosp.€walked€away€from€subject."€€TheÏwarrant,€of€course,€alleged€the€offense€of€sexual€battery.€ÏAssault€and€battery€was,€at€the€time,€a€common€law€misdemeanorÏoffense.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòHuffman€v.€Stateóó,€200€Tenn.€487,€496„97,€292€S.W.2dÏ738,€742€(1956),€our€supreme€court,€quoting€6€C.J.S.€Assault€andÏBattery,€sec.€60€and€70,€defined€the€common€law€offenses€ofÏassault€and€battery€as€follows:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà à"An€assault€may€consist€of€any€actÏtending€to€do€corporal€injury€to€another,Ïaccompanied€with€such€circumstances€asÏdenote€at€the€time€an€intention,€coupledÏwith€the€present€ability,€of€using€actualÏviolence€against€the€person."€€ÌÌà@ à*€*€*ÌÌà8 àà8 àà à"A€touching€of€the€person€of€theÏprosecutor,€or€something€intimatelyÏassociated€with,€or€attached€to,€hisÏperson,€for€an€unlawful€purpose,€isÏessential€to€the€offense€of€battery."ÌÌÓÓòòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòCasey€v.€Stateóó,€491€S.W.2d€90,€93€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1972).€€The€battery€includes€the€assault€and€cannot€be€separatedÏfrom€it.€€òòState€v.€Chaffinóó,€32€Tenn.€(Swan)€493€(1852)(a€partyÏconvicted€of€assault€cannot€afterwards€be€punished€for€theÏbattery€committed€at€the€same€time).€€Assault€and€battery€was€aÏlesser€included€offense€of€sexual€contact.€€So,€while€it€is€trueÏthat€an€indictment€or€a€warrant€must€allege€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense,€it€appears€that€this€warrant€was€inÏcompliance€with€the€rule.€€A€touching€for€an€unlawful€purposeÏwas€clearly€alleged€in€the€affidavit€in€the€warrant.€€Thus,€theÍjudgment€of€conviction€is€not€facially€invalid.ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€€ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌRex€H.€Ogle,€Special€Judge