ÿWPCq /*Œ‡ÉcÛÕ‡°Êo> AFqX¼ž„Òií‚õ3‚ wS¸Éc¶©Óî´k{mªÏ`ÑŠ^fI½–XÙXY¿4Ÿ¢V콈1î{¹ß•ºeZõWKMóL,ŠE.RšIx#dÈSËIH§ÐaÒ®}R­œŽyÍšñûÛR$á4À"yu'V/$¦»Ï°`#)uZ¹””Üýfáѹ¸Mr—«{o›[¦<Øåa“°• <_¿E¯2âêStôûoƹx–ƒV(¯ã*«¸¢Ö¶-˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0, øð AZ"Arial RegularX($¡¡”@q'½¾¿ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈ|x !Ý ƒ  $ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&Š%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€city€of€Kingsport€is€situated€mostly€in€Sullivan€County,€but€a€portion€of€its€city€limits€isÐ ° Ðin€Hawkins€County.(c(2¢$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&i!%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ’Ý ƒ  $ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&Š%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔDetective€Quillen€testified€during€the€evidentiary€hearing€that€the€search€team€would€notÐ ° Ðhave€gone€to€the€petitionerððs€house€or€executed€the€search€warrant€if€the€Church€Hill€officer€hadÐ ŒÜ Ðnot€been€present.(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. #Ñ#€Xÿÿd#Ñ ÎÝ ƒ  $ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&Š%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€petitionerððs€conviction€was€affirmed€in€òòState€v.€Loganóó,€973€S.W.2d€279€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ° ÐApp.),€òòÔ‡&)ø%%&ŠÔÔ‡X… X%&)øÔpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdismissedóó€(Tenn.€1998)Ô#†XvÒX XX…#ÔÔ#†&Š%XXvÒ8#Ô.(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular ”Ý ƒ  $ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&Š%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€videotape€was€not€made€an€exhibit€to€the€hearing€on€the€petition€for€post„convictionÐ ° Ðrelief.€€However,€for€the€purposes€of€this€appeal,€we€will€presume€that€the€petitioner€accuratelyÐ ŒÜ Ðdescribed€its€contents.,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ¼Ý ƒ  $ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&Š%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔFurther,€as€we€have€previously€noted,€€there€is€no€allegation,€nor€any€proof,€suggesting€thatÐ ° Ðthe€search€warrant€would€not€have€been€obtained€or€the€search€conducted€differently€had€theÐ ŒÜ Ðsearch€warrant€been€obtained€by€a€Hawkins€County€police€officer. Ñ  Ñ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regularr j'L ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ 1.##37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)„†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regulari)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à d LÝ ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X­ŒXXXÔÔ€è:çXX­ŒÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ıçè:ÔÐ  ÐÌNovember€10,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAxÔó óÔ_ÔLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Z[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑ€úÑÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÔ_Ôßv€Y _@0,j: `€€@ÿEðÝ Žtt¨¦(Ü WvßÔ_ÔÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ Ü  ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMAY€1999€SESSIONÌÌÓ¬ÓÌÌÌWILLIAM€J.€LOGAN,à h àà À à)Ð ò  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9808„CR„00287Ð Øü  Ðà ` àAppellant,à  àà h àà À à)Ð ¾â  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHawkins€CountyÐ ¤È  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð Š®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Ben€K.€Wexler,€JudgeÐ p”  ÐSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð Vz  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Post„Conviction)Ð <` Ðà ` àAppellee.à  àà h àà À à)òòò òÐ "F ÐÌÌÌÌÌó óFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð ¤È ÐÌGREG€W.€EICHELMAN€€à h àà À àà  àPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÐ p!” ÐDistrict€Public€Defender€à h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ V"z ÐÌR.€RUSSELL€MATTOCKSà h àà À àà  àTODD€R.€KELLEYÐ "$F ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ %, Ð1609€College€Park€Drive,€Box€11à À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ î% ÐMorristown,€TN€€37813à h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ð Ô&ø ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àC.€BERKELEY€BELL,€JR.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à109€South€Main€Street,€Suite€501Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGreeneville,€TN€€37743Ìà ` àà ¸ àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOHN€DOUGLAS€GODBEEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à100€East€Main€Street,€Suite€201Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àRogersville,€TN€€37857ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€________________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÐ ~;¢06 ÐÑúÑâ âÑ#€Xÿÿd#Ñâ âÑ  ÑÌÌALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGEÌòòò òÌÐ  Ö9&5; ÐÑúÑâ âÑ8€vÒXXdðdÈ8Ñâ âÑ  ÑԇîXXÔÓ  ÓÑ€PÐÑO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÔ#†XvÒXîî²°ø #ÔÐ ° ÐÓÓÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà ` àThe€petitioner,€William€J.€Logan,€appeals€the€dismissal€of€his€petition€for€post„Ð ¬ü Ðconviction€relief€by€the€Hawkins€County€Criminal€Court.€€As€grounds€for€relief,€the€petitionerÐ Œ Ü Ðclaims€several€instances€of€alleged€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€and€the€alleged€failureÐ l ¼ Ðof€the€trial€judge€to€state€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€Based€upon€our€reviewÐ Lœ  Ðof€the€record€and€of€applicable€law,€we€affirm€the€order€of€the€trial€court€dismissing€theÐ ,|  Ðpetition.Ð  \  ÐÌà ` àAlthough€the€petitioner,€in€his€òòpro€seóó€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€set€out€aÐ Ì Ðnumber€of€grounds€which€he€alleged€entitled€him€to€post„conviction€relief,€his€appellateÐ ¬ü Ðcounsel€presented€four€issues€for€review.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ŒÜ ÐÓ'X„X/ h–X°œX'ÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àTrial€counsel€was€ineffective€in€failing€to€object€to€theÐ l¼ Ðintroduction€of€certain€evidence€which€was€obtainedÐ \¬ Ðas€the€result€of€an€illegal€search€and€seizure.ÐLœ/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àTrial€counsel€was€ineffective€in€failing€to€object,€uponÐ ,| Ðthe€request€of€the€petitioner,€to€the€introduction€duringÐ  l Ðthe€trial€of€a€videotape€made€during€the€execution€ofÐ  !\ Ða€search€warrant€at€the€petitionerððs€residence.Ðü!L/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àTrial€counsel€was€ineffective€in€failing€to€timelyÐ Ü#,! Ðchallenge€whether€the€search€warrant€could€be€basedÐ Ì$ " Ðupon€certain€information€allegedly€received€from€aÐ ¼% !# Ðconfidential€informant.Ь&ü!$/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThe€trial€court€failed€to€state€findings€of€fact€andÐ Œ(Ü#& Ðconclusions€of€law.Ð|)Ì$'/ Y/ Y ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àAppellate€counsel€for€the€petitioner€states€in€his€brief€that€the€petitioner€is€nowÐ <-Œ(+ Ðpursuing€only€these€four€issues,€and€not€the€additional€six€issues€set€out€in€his€petition€forÐ /l*- Ðpost„conviction€relief.€€Accordingly,€these€additional€claims€are€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€Ct.€Crim.Ð ü0L,/ ÐApp.€10(b).Ð Ü2,.1 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À àà  àò òÔ‡Š€˜ ˆXXvÒÔFACTSÔ#†XvÒX ˆŠ€˜ #Ôó óÐ ¼4 03 Ðà ` àThe€process€resulting€in€the€prosecution€of€the€petitioner€began€when€Detective€DanÐ Ä625 ÐQuillen€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Department€went€before€a€General€Sessions€judge€inÐ ° ÐHawkins€County׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€obtained€a€search€warrant€which€stated€the€following:Ð à ÐÓ  ÓÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€HAWKINS€COUNTYÐ pÀ ÐÓ÷ÓÓ  ÓAFFIDAVIT€AND€SEARCH€WARRANTÐ ` ° ÐÌÓ\ÓÓÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àI€Detective€David€P.€Quillen,€make€oath€that€I€am€a€PoliceÐ @  ÐOfficer€duly€appointed€and€qualified€as€such€in€the€state€andÐ 0 € Ðcounty€aforesaid;€that€on€the€8€day€of€April,€pursuant€to€aÐ  p  Ðcriminal€investigation€I€received€information€that€the€crime€ofÐ `  Ðcocaine€possession€and€cocaine€selling€is€or€has€beenÐ P  Ðcommitted€in€Hawkins€County,€Tennessee,€and€that€WilliamÐ ð@  ÐJames€Logan€is€now€in€possession€or€control€of€fruits€orÐ à0  Ðinstruments€of€the€crime€set€forth€above;€said€property€orÐ Ð  Ðresidence€being€described€as€follows:€941€Old€Stage€Road,Ð À ÐChurch€Hill,€Tn.€Westbound€on€Main€Street€make€a€right€turnÐ ° Ðonto€Carolyn€Ave.€and€the€next€right€onto€Old€Stage€Road.Ð  ð ÐTravel€approximately€3/10€of€a€mile€on€Old€Stage€Road.€TheÐ à Ðresidence€to€be€searched€will€be€on€the€left.€It€will€be€a€singleÐ €Ð Ðstory€structure€with€a€red€tin€roof,€light€color€siding€with€whiteÐ pÀ Ðtrim€and€a€front€porch.€There€is€a€storage€building€in€the€backÐ `° Ðyard.€Search€to€include€Mr.€Logan,€vehicles€and€curtilageÐ P  Ðlocated€in€Hawkins€County€Tennessee.Ð@¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àI€further€make€oath€that€my€reasons€for€believing€said€WilliamÐ  p ÐJames€Logan€is€unlawfully€keeping€or€controlling€said€cocaine,Ð ` Ðdrug€paraphernalia€is€set€forth€in€the€following€affidavit:€WithinÐ P Ðthe€past€72€hours,€a€reliable€confidential€informant€has€been€atÐ ð@ Ðthe€above€described€premises€and€told€the€affiant€that€theÐ à0 Ðindividual€named€is€engaged€in€dealing€in€narcotics.€TheÐ Ð  Ðconfidential€informant€is€familiar€with€cocaine,€how€it€isÐ À! Ðprocessed,€packaged€for€resale€and€how€it€is€administered€forÐ °"  Ðpersonal€use.Р#ð!¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àWithin€the€past€72€hours,€the€confidential€informant€told€theÐ €%Ð # Ðaffiant€that€same€observed€cocaine€being€sold€and€storedÐ p&À!$ Ðtherein.€In€the€past€the€confidential€informant€has€given€theÐ `'°"% Ðaffiant€information€on€at€least€one€occasion€that€led€to€theÐ P( #& Ðseizure€of€cocaine.€The€confidential€informant€hasÐ @)$' Ðcorroborated€other€reliable€informantððs€information€and€hasÐ 0*€%( Ðnever€given€information€that€I€found€to€be€untrue.Ð +p&)¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àWherefore,€as€such€officer€acting€in€performance€of€my€duty€inÐ -P(+ Ðthe€premises€I€pray€that€the€Court€issue€a€warrant€authorizingÐ ð-@), Ðthe€search€of€the€person€of€the€said€William€James€Logan€andÐ à.0*- Ðthe€premises€herein€described€for€said€cocaine,€drugÐ Ð/ +. Ðparaphernalia€described€above,€and€that€such€search€be€madeÐ À0,/ Ðeither€by€day€or€night.€Ð°1-0¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À àà  àòò€€òòóóDavid€P.€QuillenóóÐ 3à.2 ÐÓÀÓà ` àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À àà  à€€AffiantÐ €4Ð/3 ÐÐ `6°15 Ðà ` àFollowing€the€presentation€of€the€affidavit,€the€Hawkins€County€General€SessionsÐ ° ЀCourt€issued€the€following€search€warrant:€Ð à ÐÓÓÓ  Óà8 @` àà8@¸ ` (#` (#àSEARCH€WARRANTÐ pÀ ÐÓ*ÓÓ  Óà8 @` àà8@¸ ` (#` (#àSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€HAWKINS€COUNTYÐ ` ° ÐÓy*ÓÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTo€the€Sheriff€or€any€lawful€officer€of€said€county;Ð@ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àProof€having€been€made€before€me€and€reduced€to€writing€andÐ  p  Ðsworn€to€by€Detective€David€P.€Quillen€whose€affidavit€isÐ `  Ðattached€hereto€and€is€hereby€referred€to€for€its€contents,€andÐ P  Ðsaid€contents€incorporated€herein,€that€there€is€probable€causeÐ ð@  Ðto€believe€that€the€crime€of€cocaine€possession,€has€or€is€beingÐ à0  Ðcommitted€in€Hawkins€County,€Tennessee,€and€that€saidÐ Ð  ÐWilliam€James€Logan€now€has€in€his€possession€or€under€hisÐ À Ðcontrol€the€said€cocaine,€drug€paraphernalia,€that€saidÐ ° Ðpremises€or€property€is€located€in€Hawkins€County,Ð  ð ÐTennessee,€and€are€hereby€referred€to€by€specific€reference€toÐ à Ðthe€attached€affidavit€for€this€warrant.Ѐи Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àFrom€the€proof€it€is€adjudged€that€the€offense€of€cocaineÐ `° Ðpossession€or€or€[sic]€has€been€committed€by€the€saidÐ P  Ðdefendant,€William€James€Logan,€on€the€said€premisesÐ @ Ðhereinbefore€described,€and€you€are€hereby€commanded€in€theÐ 0€ Ðname€of€the€State€of€Tennessee€to€make€immediate€search€byÐ  p Ðday€or€night,€of€the€person€of€said€defendant,€and€the€house€orÐ ` Ðbuildings€on€said€premises,€and€should€you€find€the€same€orÐ P Ðany€part€of€the€said€cocaine,€drug€paraphernalia,€bring€theÐ ð@ Ðsame€before€the€Court€of€General€Sessions€and€make€a€dueÐ à0 Ðreturn€of€this€writ.ÐÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àGiven€under€my€hand€and€seal€this€10€day€of€April,€1996.а" ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àà h àà À à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€/s/€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ$à"¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À àJudge€of€the€Court€of€General€SessionsÐ €%Ð # ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àThe€return€on€the€search€warrant€was€made€by€Detective€Quillen€on€April€12,€1996,€Ð @)$' Ðand€states€that€the€following€personal€property€was€seized:€€ð ðSeveral€baggies€cocaine,ððÐ  +p&) Ðð ðApprox.€2,824.00€in€cash,ðð€ððshoe€„€pager,ðð€and€ð ðPrescription€bottle€„€I€off€white€pill.ððÐ -P(+ ÐÌà ` àAccording€to€the€Kingsport€Police€Department€Vice€and€Narcotics€Division€raidÐ À0,/ Ðworksheet,€€the€raid€coordinator€for€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant€was€D.€P.€Quillen,Ð  2ð-1 Ðthe€raid€supervisor€was€Sergeant€Wayne€Anderson,€and€the€authorization€for€the€raid€wasÐ €4Ð/3 Ðgranted€by€ð ðMEA/303.ðð€€This€worksheet€further€sets€out€that€the€security€team€consistedÐ `6°15 Ðof€a€Hawkins€County€or€Church€Hill€officer€and€Tim€Crawford,€that€the€search€teamÐ @837 Ðconsisted€of€Sergeant€Wayne€Anderson€and€D.€P.€Quillen,€and€the€arrest€team€consistedÐ  :p59 Ðof€Tim€Crawford€and€a€Hawkins€County€or€Church€Hill€officer.€€The€evidence€custodian€andÐ ° Ðvideographer€was€D.€Street.Ð à ÐÌÓ  Óà @` àà @¸ àà @/ àò òÔ€ ‰ŒXXvÒÔÔ‡Š€˜ ˆ ‰ŒÔà @h àà @À àà @ ààH@22$àEVIDENTIARY€HEARINGÔ#† ‰Œ ˆŠ€˜ž8#Ôó óÔ€XvÒX ‰ŒÔÐ P   ÐÓL8Óà ` àOn€August€5,€1998,€the€trial€court€held€a€hearing€on€the€petitionerððs€petition€for€post„Ð X ¨ Ðconviction€relief.€€Detective€David€Quillen,€the€first€witness€testified€that€he€had€beenÐ 8ˆ  Ðemployed€for€seven€years€by€the€Kingsport€Police€Department.€€Based€upon€informationÐ h  Ðwhich€he€had€obtained€from€an€informant€within€the€city€limits€of€Kingsport,€he€sought€andÐ øH  Ðobtained€the€search€warrant€for€the€residence€of€the€petitioner.€€Detective€Quillen€testifiedÐ Ø( Ðthat€he€was€a€duly€appointed€and€qualified€officer€of€Hawkins€County€by€virtue€of€the€factÐ ¸ Ðthat€Kingsport€extends€into€Hawkins€County€and€his€authority€extended€one€mile€intoÐ ˜è ÐHawkins€County.€€However,€his€authority€did€not€extend€to€the€area€in€which€the€petitionerððsÐ xÈ Ðresidence€was€located,€approximately€six€miles€from€the€Hawkins„Sullivan€County€line.€Ð X¨ ÐÌà ` àCounsel,€whose€performance€is€now€being€questioned€by€the€petitioner,€alsoÐ h Ðtestified€at€the€hearing.€He€testified€that,€in€addition€to€Detective€Quillen,€others€present€forÐ ø H Ðthe€execution€of€the€search€warrant€at€the€petitionerððs€residence€were€Dustin€Dean,€of€theÐ Ø"(  ÐChurch€Hill€Police€Department€and€Corporal€Phelps,€of€the€Mount€Carmel€PoliceÐ ¸$ " ÐDepartment.€€€€Ð ˜&è!$ Ðà@¤¤*Dàò òÔ‡Š€˜ ˆXXvÒÔDISCUSSIONÔ#†XvÒX ˆŠ€˜I?#Ôó óˆÐ x(È#& Ðà ` àWe€will€review€seriatim€the€issues€presented€in€the€petitionerððs€appellate€brief,Ð €*Ð%( Ðanalyzing€each€both€as€to€the€efficacy€of€the€claim€and€then€as€to€whether€the€allegedÐ `,°'* Ðinaction€of€trial€counsel€as€to€that€particular€claim€is€affected€by€the€holding€of€our€SupremeÐ @.), ÐCourt€in€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930€(Tenn.€1975).Ð  0p+. ÐÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAlleged€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€as€the€resultÐ à30/2 Ðof€the€failure€of€trial€counsel€to€challenge€the€searchÐ Ð4 03 Ðwarrant€because€it€was€obtained€by€a€Kingsport€policeÐ À514 Ðofficer€for€a€residence€in€Hawkins€County€more€thanÐ °625 Ðone€mile€from€the€portion€of€Kingsport€within€HawkinsÐ  7ð26 ÐCounty.Ð8à37/ Y/ Y ÐÐ €9Ð48 ÐÓSAÓà ` àRegarding€the€petitionerððs€allegations€as€to€his€trial€counselððs€incompetency€in€notÐ ° Ðchallenging€the€search€warrant€for€the€petitionerððs€residence,€we€view€the€issue€as€follows:Ð à ÐTo€what€extent,€if€any,€is€the€efficacy€of€a€search€warrant€affected€when€the€affiant€€is€a€lawÐ pÀ Ðenforcement€officer€with€jurisdiction€over€a€portion€of€a€county,€although€not€that€portion€inÐ P   Ðwhich€the€location€to€be€search€is€located,€the€search€warrant€is€directed€not€to€the€affiant,Ð 0 € Ðbut€to€the€sheriff€or€any€law€enforcement€officer€of€the€county€where€the€search€is€to€takeÐ `  Ðplace,€and€the€affiant€is€accompanied,€during€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant,€byÐ ð@  Ðofficers€with€jurisdiction€in€that€county,€one€of€whom€is€an€officer€in€the€city€in€which€theÐ Ð  Ðplace€to€be€searched€is€located.€€€Ð ° ÐÌà ` àRegarding€this€claim,€the€trial€court€found,€in€dismissing€it:Ð pÀ ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€search€warrant,€the€search€warrant€was€obtained€byÐ P  Ðofficers€of€Sullivan€County,€or€Kingsport,€and€which€a€HawkinsÐ @ ÐCounty€Session€Judge€granted€the€warrant.€It€appears€fromÐ 0€ ÐMr.€Winsteadððs€testimony€that€two€local€police€officers€ofÐ  p ÐHawkins€County€went€and€served€this€warrant,€or€was€at€leastÐ ` Ðpresent€when€the€warrant€was€served.€And€I€canððt€really,€IÐ P Ðhavenððt€been€able€to€find€anything€that€was€wrong€with€thisÐ ð@ Ðsearch€warrant.€If€there€is,€Iððve€not€been€shown€it€here€thisÐ à0 Ðmorning.ÐÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àà h à€à À àа" ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓà ` àRule€41,€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€provides,€in€pertinent€part,€asÐ $à" Ðfollows:Ð p&À!$ ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àò òSearch€and€Seizure.ó ó€€ÐP( #&¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(a)à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAuthority€to€Issue€Warrant.€„€A€search€warrantÐ 0*€%( Ðauthorized€by€this€rule€may€be€issued€by€a€magistrateÐ  +p&) Ðwith€jurisdiction€within€the€county€wherein€the€propertyÐ ,`'* Ðsought€is€located,€upon€request€of€the€district€attorneyÐ -P(+ Ðgeneral€or€assistant€or€criminal€investigator,€or€anyÐ ð-@), Ðother€law€enforcement€officer.Ðà.0*-/ Y/ Y Ðà ` àà ¸ à.€.€.€.à h àà À àà  àà p àÐ Ð/ +. ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(c)à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIssuance;€Contents;€Copies;€Failure€to€Comply.€.€.€.€Ð °1-0 ÐThe€search€warrant€shall€be€directed€to€and€served€byÐ  2ð-1 Ðthe€sheriff€or€any€deputy€sheriff€of€the€county€whereinÐ 3à.2 Ðissued,€any€constable,€or€any€other€peace€officer€withÐ €4Ð/3 Ðauthority€in€the€county.Ðp5À04/ Y/ Y Ðà ` àà ¸ àà8 / àÐ / Y/ Y ÐÌÌÓÓà ` àWe€note€that€Detective€Quillen€was€a€duly€authorized€law€enforcement€officer€inÐ 09€48 ÐSullivan€County,€where€Kingsport€is€located,€as€well€as€in€a€portion€of€Hawkins€County,Ð ° Ðalthough€not€the€portion€where€the€petitionerððs€residence€was€located.€€Further,€we€noteÐ à Ðthat€the€search€warrant€itself€is€directed€not€to€the€affiant,€Detective€Quillen,€but€ð ð[t]o€theÐ pÀ ÐSheriff€or€any€lawful€officer€of€said€county.ðð€€€Ð P   ÐÌà ` àIn€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€868€S.W.2d€561,€572€(Tenn.€1993),€òòrehððgóó€òòdeniedóó,€1994€WL€3381,Ð `  Ðòòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€513€U.S.€960,€115€S.Ct.€417,€130€L.Ed.2d€333€(1994),€our€Supreme€CourtÐ ð@  Ðconsidered€a€similar€complaint€to€that€of€the€petitioner€herein€regarding€a€search€warrantÐ Ð  Ðin€that€it€had€been€obtained€by€a€police€officer€with€jurisdiction€in€a€contiguous€county:Ð ° ÐÓPÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àThe€Defendantððs€concluding€argument€is€that€the€searchÐ à Ðwarrant€was€invalidated€because€Detective€Pridemore€of€theÐ €Ð ÐMetropolitan€Nashville€Police€Department€had€no€authority€toÐ pÀ Ðexecute€the€warrant€in€Robertson€County.€T.R.Cr.P.€41(c)Ð `° Ðrequires€that€a€search€warrant€be€ð ðdirected€to€and€served€byÐ P  Ðthe€sheriff€or€any€deputy€sheriff€of€the€county€wherein€issued,Ð @ Ðany€constable,€or€any€other€peace€officer€with€authority€in€theÐ 0€ Ðcounty.ðð€When€the€warrant€was€obtained€and€executed,Ð  p ÐDetective€Pridemore€was€accompanied€by€Deputy€Groves€ofÐ ` Ðthe€Robertson€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€The€warrant€itselfÐ P Ðis€addressed€ð ðto€any€Peace€Officer€within€or€of€said€CountyÐ ð@ Ð[Robertson€County].ðð€The€Judicial€Commissioner€certified€thatÐ à0 Ðthe€warrant€was€delivered€for€execution€to€Pridemore;Ð Ð  Ðhowever,€Groves€executed€the€return€on€the€warrant.Ð À! ÐPridemoreððs€participation€in€procuring€the€warrant€andÐ °"  Ðexecuting€it€does€not€invalidate€the€warrant.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð  #ð! ÐPigfordóó,€572€S.W.2d€921€(Tenn.€1978)€(issuance€of€warrant€toÐ $à" Ðfederal€officer€and€his€participation€in€its€execution€did€notÐ €%Ð # Ðinvalidate€warrant€so€long€as€it€met€all€statutory€requirements);Ð p&À!$ ÐòòState€v.€Robinsonóó,€622€S.W.2d€62,€75€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð `'°"% Ð1981).€We€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€trial€court€correctly€heldÐ P( #& Ðthat€the€search€warrant€was€validly€executed.Ð@)$'¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòSmithóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€572„73.Ð  +p&) ÐÌÓÓÌà ` àIn€the€instant€matter,€as€in€òòSmithóó,€although€the€search€warrant€was€issued€to€anÐ à.0*- Ðofficer€from€a€contiguous€jurisdiction,€he€was€accompanied€for€its€execution€by€officers€fromÐ À0,/ Ðthe€county€where€the€property€subject€to€the€search€warrant€was€executed.€€OtherÐ  2ð-1 ÐTennessee€decisions€also€have€considered€whether€the€validity€of€a€search€warrant€isÐ €4Ð/3 Ðaffected€by€the€fact€that€it€was€not€obtained€by€a€police€officer€from€that€jurisdiction.€€InÐ `6°15 ÐòòState€v.€Pigfordóó,€572€S.W.2d€921€(Tenn.€1978),€our€Supreme€Court€considered€theÐ @837 Ðsituation€in€which€an€agent€of€the€Federal€Drug€Enforcement€Administration€appearedÐ  :p59 Ðbefore€a€Shelby€County€General€Sessions€judge€and€executed€a€search€warrant€affidavitÐ ° Ðto€obtain€a€warrant€for€the€search€of€the€defendantððs€premises.€The€warrant€was€addressedÐ à Ðð ð[t]o€the€Sheriff,€Any€Constable€or€Any€Peace€Officer€of€[Shelby]€County.ðð€€òòPigfordóó,€572Ð pÀ ÐS.W.2d€at€921.€€When€obtaining€the€search€warrant,€the€federal€officer€was€accompaniedÐ P   Ðby€a€Shelby€County€deputy€sheriff,€and€he€was€accompanied€by€the€same€Shelby€CountyÐ 0 € Ðdeputy€sheriff€and€two€others€when€the€search€warrant€was€executed.€€The€deputy€sheriffÐ `  Ðwho€was€present€when€the€warrant€was€obtained€made€the€return€on€the€warrant.€€InÐ ð@  Ðupholding€the€search€warrant,€the€Court€said:Ð Ð  ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àAll€such€statutory€requirements€were€met€by€the€warrant€in€thisÐ ° Ðcase€and€by€its€execution.€€It€was€directed€ð ðto€the€sheriff,€anyÐ  ð Ðconstable,€or€any€peace€officerðð€of€Shelby€County€andÐ à Ðcommanded€them€to€execute€a€search€of€respondentððsÐ €Ð Ðpremises.€€It€did€not€direct€or€command€Griggs€[the€DEA€agent]Ð pÀ Ðto€perform€the€search€nor€did€Griggs€alone€execute€theÐ `° Ðwarrant.€€Deputy€Hamby€was€present€when€application€wasÐ P  Ðmade€for€the€warrant;€and€he€and€two€other€county€deputies,Ð @ Ðassisted€by€Griggs,€searched€the€premises.€GriggsððÐ 0€ Ðparticipation€in€the€search€in€no€way€invalidates€the€warrant€orÐ  p Ðthe€search€so€long€as€the€provisions€of€ðð€40„508€are€compliedÐ ` Ðwith.ÐP¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓòòPigfordóó,€572€S.W.2d€at€922.Ð à0 ÐÌà ` àOther€jurisdictions€have€considered€complaints€similar€to€those€raised€by€theÐ  #ð! Ðpetitioner.€Ð €%Ð # ÐÌà ` àIn€òòUnited€States€v.€Freemanóó,€897€F.2d€346€(8th€Cir.€1990),€a€special€agent€for€theÐ @)$' ÐMissouri€Department€of€Revenue€had€obtained€a€search€warrant€for€a€salvage€yard€inÐ  +p&) ÐMissouri.€€Since,€under€Missouri€law,€only€a€ð ðpeace€officer€or€prosecuting€attorneyðð€couldÐ -P(+ Ðapply€for€the€issuance€of€a€search€warrant,€the€owner€of€the€salvage€yard€moved€to€quashÐ à.0*- Ðthe€search,€arguing€correctly€that€the€revenue€employee€was€not€authorized€to€seek€aÐ À0,/ Ðsearch€warrant.€€The€court€noted€the€holding€as€to€a€similar€question€in€the€seminal€caseÐ  2ð-1 Ðof€òòUnited€States€v.€Burkeóó,€517€F.2d€377,€386„87€(2d€Cir.€1975),€wherein€Judge€FriendlyÐ €4Ð/3 Ðwrote,€regarding€an€attack€upon€a€search€warrant:Ð `6°15 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à.€.€.€.€violations€of€Rule€41€alone€should€not€lead€to€exclusionÐ @837 Ðunless€(1)€there€was€ð ðprejudiceðð€in€the€sense€that€the€searchÐ 09€48 Ðmight€not€have€occurred€or€would€not€have€been€so€abrasiveÐ  :p59 Ðif€the€Rule€had€been€followed,€or€(2)€there€is€evidence€ofÐ ° Ðintentional€and€deliberate€disregard€of€a€provision€in€the€Rule.Рð¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓòòFreemanóó,€897€F.2d€at€349.Ð €Ð ÐÌà ` àIn€òòFreemanóó,€the€court€upheld€the€warrant,€ruling€that:Ð @  ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€instant€case€is€a€close€case.€€The€circumstances€relatingÐ  p  Ðto€Leyððs€violation€of€the€procedures€for€application€andÐ `  Ðexecution€of€the€warrant€are€more€egregious€than€in€any€of€theÐ P  Ðcases€previously€cited€because€here€Ley€did€not€consult€withÐ ð@  Ðanyone€in€authority€before€applying€for€the€warrant.€€Further,Ð à0  Ðevidence€in€the€record€supports€a€conclusion€that€Ley€himselfÐ Ð  Ðcontrolled€and€supervised€the€search€and€made€the€return,Ð À Ðalthough€joined€in€that€search€by€qualified€peace€officers.а¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àNevertheless,€we€conclude€that€these€concerns€were€minimallyÐ à Ðovercome€here.€As€noted,€the€magistrate€found€that€Ley,Ð €Ð Ðalthough€unauthorized€to€apply€for€and€execute€a€searchÐ pÀ Ðwarrant,€carried€out€the€application€and€execution€in€good€faith,Ð `° Ðbelieving€that€he€possessed€authority€to€do€so.€This€finding€isÐ P  Ðnot€clearly€erroneous.Ð@¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà0 ` àà  àà0` ` €%` €%àà  àà8` ` €%` €%àà8¸ ` €%` €%àMoreover,€the€record€as€a€whole€demonstrates€that€no€constitutionalÐ  p Ðviolation€occurred:€the€affidavit€supporting€the€search€warrantÐ ` Ðprovided€probable€cause€to€search€and€the€search€warrant€describedÐ P Ðwith€particularity€the€place€to€be€searched€and€the€items€to€be€seized.€Ð ð@ ÐAdditionally,€Freeman€suffered€no€prejudice€in€the€sense€that€theÐ à0 Ðsearch€might€not€have€occurred€or€been€so€abrasive€had€theÐ Ð  Ðprocedural€requirements€been€followed.€Accordingly,€we€cannot€sayÐ À! Ðthe€district€court€erred€in€denying€the€suppression€motion.а" ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌòòFreemanóó,€897€F.2d€at€350€(citations€omitted).ò òòòÐ $à" ÐÌÓÓà ` àÌà ` àóóó óWe€note€that€the€petitioner€claims€that€Detective€Quillen€misrepresented€hisÐ P( #& Ðauthority,€but€there€is€no€allegation€that€the€search€would€not€have€occurred€or€would€haveÐ 0*€%( Ðbeen€conducted€differently€had€he€not€been€involved.€ò òòò€óóó óÐ ,`'* ÐÌà ` àCourts€of€other€states€have€upheld€warrants€in€spite€of€complaints€similar€to€that€ofÐ Ð/ +. Ðthis€petitioner.€€In€òòKeen€v.€Stateóó,€626€S.W.2d€309€(Tex.€Crim.€App.€1981),€an€Austin,€Texas,Ð °1-0 Ðpolice€officer€had€obtained€a€search€warrant€for€a€residence€which,€although€located€in€theÐ 3à.2 Ðsame€county€as€Austin,€was€not€within€its€city€limits.€€Thus,€under€Texas€law,€the€officer€didÐ p5À04 Ðnot€have€jurisdiction€where€the€residence€was€located.€€Noting€that€the€Austin€police€officerÐ P7 26 Ðwas€assisted€in€execution€of€the€search€warrant€by€other€officers€with€county„wideÐ 09€48 ÐÑPÐ Ñâ âÑ  Ñâ âÑ  Ñjurisdiction,€the€court€upheld€the€validity€of€the€search€warrant.€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòDickey€v.€Stateóó,Ð ° Ð815€S.W.2d€832€(Tex.€App.„Eastland€1991)€(citing€òòKeenóó,€search€warrant€valid€thoughÐ à Ðissued€to€Houston€police€officer€for€search€in€adjacent€Galveston€County€when€the€officerÐ pÀ Ðwas€accompanied€by€a€Galveston€police€officer€whose€name€was€also€listed€on€the€return);Ð P   ÐòòChavez€v.€Stateóó,€970€S.W.2d€679€(Tex.€App.„Eastland€1998).Ð 0 € ÐÌà ` àLikewise,€in€òòPeople€v.€Martinezóó,€898€P.2d€28€(Colo.€1995),€Denver€police€officersÐ ð@  Ðhad€executed€a€search€warrant€at€a€certain€address€in€what€they€believed€to€be€the€CityÐ Ð  Ðof€Denver,€determining€later,€however,€that€the€location€was€actually€in€the€City€ofÐ ° ÐEnglewood,€Arapahoe€County,€Colorado,€and€was€approximately€one€block€from€theÐ à ÐDenver€city€limits.€€Arapahoe€County€officers€were€unaware€until€later€that€the€warrant€hadÐ pÀ Ðbeen€obtained€or€executed.€€The€court€upheld€the€search€nonetheless,€finding€that€ð ðthereÐ P  Ðis€no€evidence€that€the€house€would€not€have€been€searched,€or€that€the€search€wouldÐ 0€ Ðhave€been€carried€out€in€a€substantially€different€manner€if€local€officers€were€present.ðð€Ð ` ÐòòMartinezóó,€898€P.2d€at€33.Ð ð@ Ðà ` àÌà ` àBased€upon€these€authorities,€we€believe€that€the€search€warrant€was€not€subjectÐ °"  Ðto€being€suppressed€simply€because€it€was€obtained€by€Detective€Quillen,€who€was€not€anÐ $à" Ðofficer€with€jurisdiction€as€to€the€portion€of€Hawkins€County€where€petitionerððs€house€wasÐ p&À!$ Ðlocated.€€Rule€41(a),€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.,€allows€a€search€warrant€to€be€requested€by€ð ðtheÐ P( #& Ðdistrict€attorney€general€or€assistant€or€criminal€investigator,€or€any€other€law„enforcementÐ 0*€%( Ðofficer.ðð€€This€language€does€not€require€that€the€request€for€the€search€warrant€must€beÐ ,`'* Ðmade€by€€a€law€enforcement€officer€of€the€county€where€the€search€is€to€be€conducted,€onlyÐ ð-@), Ðthat€the€person€be€a€law€enforcement€officer.€€In€fact,€in€both€òòState€v.€Pigfordóó,€572€S.W.2dÐ Ð/ +. Ð921€(Tenn.€€1978)€(wherein€DEA€officer€requested€the€warrant),€and€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€868Ð °1-0 ÐS.W.2d€561€(Tenn.€1993)€(Nashville€police€officer€requested€the€search€warrant€inÐ 3à.2 ÐRobertson€County),€search€warrants€were€sought€by€law€enforcement€officers€not€havingÐ p5À04 Ðjurisdiction€in€the€county€wherein€the€warrants€were€issued.€€Although€in€both€of€thoseÐ P7 26 Ðcases€officers€from€the€issuing€counties€were€present€when€the€warrants€were€issued,€weÐ 09€48 Ðdo€not€consider€this€to€be€the€determinative€factor€in€either€of€the€cases.€€Rule€41(c),€Tenn.Ð ° ÐR.€Crim.€P.,€specifically€provides€that€a€search€warrant€is€to€be€ð ðdirected€to€and€served€byÐ à Ðthe€sheriff€or€any€deputy€sheriff€of€the€county€wherein€issued,€any€constable,€or€any€otherÐ pÀ Ðpeace€officer€with€authority€in€the€county.ðð€€Although€Detective€Quillen€had€authority€inÐ P   ÐHawkins€County,€it€was€limited€to€a€small€area€and€did€not€include€the€location€of€theÐ 0 € Ðpetitionerððs€residence.€However,€the€trial€court€€found€that€two€Hawkins€County€lawÐ `  Ðenforcement€officers€either€served€the€search€warrant€or€were€present€when€it€was€served.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рð@  ÐThus,€pursuant€to€the€holdings€in€òòPigfordóó€and€òòSmithóó,€we€concur€with€the€trial€court€that€theÐ Ð  Ðsearch€warrant€was€not€invalid€because€of€the€involvement€of€Detective€Quillen.׃$×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€ThisÐ ° Ðbeing€the€case,€trial€counsel€was€not€ineffective€for€not€contesting€the€search€warrant€onÐ à Ðthis€basis.Ð pÀ ÐÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àTrial€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€object€€to€theÐ 0€ Ðintroduction€of€a€videotape€at€the€trial.Ð p/ Y/ Y ÐÌÓ‰Óà ` àDuring€the€evidentiary€hearing€in€this€matter,€Detective€Quillen€testified€regardingÐ P Ðthis€videotape:Ð à0 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThe€video€that€has€been€referred€to,€this€was€as€IÐ À! Ðunderstand€it,€introduced€into€evidence,€is€merely€aÐ °"  Ðvideo€tape€of€the€inside€of€the€house?Р#ð!/ Y/ Y ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àA.à8 / àYes,€sir.Ѐ%Ð #/ Y/ Y ÐÌÌÌà ` àRegarding€this€same€matter,€the€petitioner€testified€during€the€evidentiary€hearing:Ð @)$' ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThe€video€tape€was€introduced€at€your€trial.Ð +p&)/ Y/ Y ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àA.à8 / àYes.Ð-P(+/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWould€you€describe€for€the€Court€what€the€video€tapeÐ à.0*- Ðshowed?ÐÐ/ +./ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àMr.€Winstead€failed€to€suppress€this€evidence€in€theÐ °1-0 Ðvideo€tape.€The€video€tape€showed€my€watch,€rings€inÐ  2ð-1 Ðthe€window€sill.€They€zoomed€in€on€them.€Jewelry,€myÐ ° Ðliving€room€outfit,€furniture,€appliances,€to€show€howÐ  ð ÐI€lived.€I€guess€they€was€showing€that€I€lived€prettyÐ à Ðdecent€to€be€with€the€income€that€I€was€getting;€butÐ €Ð Ðeverything€in€my€house€was€paid€for€by€payments.€IÐ pÀ Ðdonððt€think€he€should€have€used€that€evidence€toÐ ` ° Ðprove€intent.€I€was€charged€with€Possession€with€theÐ P   ÐIntent€to€Sale€[sic]€.11€gram€of€cocaine.€€And€the€videoÐ @  Ðtape€didnððt€show€intent,€it€didnððt€show€transactions;€itÐ 0 € Ðdidnððt€show€any€crime€whatsoever.€€It€just€showed€theÐ  p  Ðcondition€of€my€house.€They€even€filmed€the€tires€onÐ `  Ðmy€car€to€show€how€good€the€car€looked,€and€youÐ P  Ðknow,€it€inflamed€the€jury;€and€I€think€it€created€anÐ ð@  Ðunfair€outcome€of€my€trial.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ðà0 / Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àDid€you€ask€Mr.€Winstead,€at€the€time€of€the€trial,€toÐ À Ðobject€to€the€introduction€of€this€evidence?а/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àMr.€Winstead€never€showed€me€the€tape€until€I€got€toÐ à Ðtrial.€And€I€asked€him,€I€said,€whatððs€on€that€tape?€HeÐ €Ð Ðsaid,€donððt€worry€about€it;€I€already€saw€it.€€It€ainððtÐ pÀ Ðgoing€to€hurt€you.€And€I€didnððt€know€what€was€on€itÐ `° Ðuntil€he€put€it€on€there.€I€didnððt€even€know€they€did€it.Ð P  ÐThey€didnððt€do€it€while€I€was€there.€I€got€arrested€andÐ @ Ðwas€gone.€And€they€must€have€come€back€and€videoÐ 0€ Ðtaped€it.Ð p/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIf€Mr.€Winstead€had€discussed€this€evidence€with€you,Ð P Ðprior€to€the€trial,€would€you€have€asked€for€him€toÐ ð@ Ðobject?Ðà0/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.€à / àYes,€sir.ÐÀ!¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌà ` àThe€following€additional€comments€were€made€regarding€this€videotape:Ð €%Ð # ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àTHE€COURT:€€Actually,€this€video,€was€it€just€a€video€of€theÐ `'°"% Ðalleged€crime€scene?ÐP( #&¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMR.€MATTOCKS:€€Yes,€sir.€€The€Petitionerððs€apartment,€hisÐ 0*€%( Ðcar,€his€apartment.Ð +p&)¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àPETITIONER€LOGAN:€€Nothing€showed€the€crime€whatsoever.Ð-P(+¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ à.€.€.€.à h àà À àà  àà p àÐ à.0*- ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ€(by€General€Godbee):€Okay,€and€they€were€showingÐ À0,/ Ðeverything€that€was€there,€werenððt€they?а1-0¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA€(by€petitioner):€€No,€not€any€money€or€drugs€or€anything€likeÐ 3à.2 Ðthat.€€They€was€just€showing€appliances,€furniture,€thatððs€all.€€Ð €4Ð/3 Ðà / àÐp5À04¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ЇÌà ` àThe€petitionerððs€trial€counsel€also€testified€regarding€the€videotape:Ð  ð ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd€the€video€tape,€and€do€you€remember€what€ifÐ €Ð Ðanything€was€video€taped?ÐpÀ/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€Iððve€reviewed€not€only€the€preliminary€hearing,Ð P   Ðbut€the€transcript.€€And€my€independent€recollection€ofÐ @  Ðit€was€that€the€video€tape€„€they€took,€when€theyÐ 0 € Ðbrought€the€dog€into€„€he€found€„€he€hit€on€three€itemsÐ  p  Ðin€the€house,€the€Reebok€tennis€shoes€that€hadÐ `  Ð$2,000.00€in€it.€€There€was€[a]€vase€sitting€on€theÐ P  Ðtable,€as€I€remember€was€$94.00,€and€there€wasÐ ð@  Ðmoney€found€in€the€third€place€in€the€house,€aboutÐ à0  Ð$300.00.€The€total€was€$2835.00,€which€was€seized.€Ð Ð  ÐThe€officers€took€eight€or€nine€photographs€of€that,Ð À Ðincluding€the€commode,€where€they€alleged€that€Mr.Ð ° ÐLogan€was€sitting€at€the€time.€€Thatððs€where€the€16Ð  ð Ðbaggies€were€found.€€But€you€recall€when€thisÐ à Ðevidence€was€sent€.€.€.€.à p à€Ð€Ð/ Y/ Y ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà / à.€.€.€.à h àà À àà  àÐ `° ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àQ€(by€Mr.€Mattocks):€€With€regard€to€the€video€tape,Ð @ Ðdid€you€file€a€motion€to€suppress€the€video€tape?Ð0€/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àA.€€I€did€not.Ð`/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àQ.€€Did€you€show€the€video€tape€or€discuss€the€videoÐ ð@ Ðtape€with€Mr.€Logan€prior€to€trial?Ðà0/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àA.€€I€obtained€copies€of€the€photographs,€the€nineÐ À! Ðphotographs,€and€yes,€I€told€him€there€was€a€videoÐ °"  Ðtape.€It€was€simply€showing€the€location€of€everythingÐ  #ð! Ðin€the€house,€particularly€the€three€places€that€theÐ $à" Ðmoney€was€found€in€the€house€and€the€location€of€theÐ €%Ð # Ðbathroom€and€commode€where€that€he€was€sittingÐ p&À!$ Ðwhen€the€officers€came€into€the€house€when€they€tookÐ `'°"% Ðhim€off€the€commode.ÐP( #&/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àQ.€€Did€Mr.€Logan€ask€for€you€to€object€to€the€videoÐ 0*€%( Ðtape?Ð +p&)/ Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àA.€€€No,€sir,€he€did€not.€€We€discussed€it.€€Heððs€correct.€Ð -P(+ ÐI€told€him€I€did€not€see€that€the€video€tape€was€goingÐ ð-@), Ðto€add€or€detract€from€anything€as€far€as€our€defenseÐ à.0*- Ðwas.€€That€it€was€possessed€no€intent€to€sale.€He€hadÐ Ð/ +. Ðmade€a€statement€to€the€officers€that€he€knew€that€itÐ À0,/ Ðwas€cocaine,€and€that€it€was€his€cocaine,€and€that€heÐ °1-0 Ðwas€addicted;€and€that€it€was€only€for€his€use.€ThatððsÐ  2ð-1 Ðall€the€statement€that€was€made€to€my€understandingÐ 3à.2 Ðfrom€him€and€the€officers€that€it€was€made€while€heÐ €4Ð/3 Ðwas€in€the€house,€without€an€interrogation€beingÐ p5À04 Ðconducted.Ð`6°15/ Y/ Y ÐÌÓ¨ŠÓà ` àÌà ` àRegarding€the€petitionerððs€complaints€about€the€showing€of€the€videotape,€the€trialÐ  :p59 Ðcourt€ruled:Ð ° ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€video€tape,€Mr.€Winstead€said€he€had€looked€at€the€tape,Ð à Ðcouldnððt€find€anything€in€there€that€would€help€or€hurt€him,€andÐ €Ð Ðof€course,€the€State€has€a€right€to€show€pictures€of€the€crimeÐ pÀ Ðscene.€€I€feel€sure€that€the€trial€Judge€would€have€allowed€that,Ð ` ° Ðunless€there€was€something€in€there€that€was€more€prejudicialÐ P   Ðthan€showing€a€car€with€new€tires€on€it,€or€a€new€refrigerator,€Ð @  Ðor€a€watch€laying€in€the€window.€€That€allegation€is€dismissed.Ð0 €¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àPursuant€to€the€holding€in€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930€(Tenn.€1975),€trialÐ ð@  Ðcounsel€is€not€ineffective€when€counsel€does€not€object€to€the€introduction€during€trial€ofÐ Ð  Ðcertain€evidence,€simply€because€the€client€insists€that€such€an€objection€be€made,€butÐ ° Ðthere€is€no€legal€basis€for€such€an€objection.€Ð à ÐÌà ` àUnless€a€showing€can€be€made€that€trial€counsel€did€not€satisfy€the€òòBaxteróó€standard,Ð P  Ðin€that€counselððs€services€were€not€within€the€range€expected€of€attorneys€in€criminalÐ 0€ Ðmatters€and€that,€but€for€the€deficient€performance,€the€trial€results€would€have€beenÐ ` Ðdifferent,€post„conviction€relief€for€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€is€not€available.Ð ð@ ÐòòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€104€S.Ct.€2052,€80€L.Ed.2d€674€(1984).Ð Ð  ÐÌà ` àIn€this€case,€both€this€Court,€as€well€as€the€trial€court,€were€handicapped€inÐ $à" Ðassessing€the€petitionerððs€claims€regarding€the€videotape,€since€the€tape€apparently€hasÐ p&À!$ Ðbeen€lost.€€However,€based€upon€the€descriptions€in€the€record€of€its€contents,€it€appearsÐ P( #& Ðto€be€somewhere€between€innocuous€and€immaterial€to€the€proof.€€This€being€the€case,Ð 0*€%( Ðcounsel€was€not€ineffective€in€not€objecting€to€the€tape€being€introduced€into€evidence.€€ForÐ ,`'* Ðthese€reasons,€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€was€incorrect€in€overruling€the€complaintÐ ð-@), Ðregarding€the€videotape.Ð Ð/ +. ÐÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAlleged€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€in€that€trialÐ 3à.2 Ðcounsel€failed€to€challenge€in€a€timely€manner€theÐ €4Ð/3 Ðinformation€from€an€unidentified€confidential€informantÐ p5À04 Ðwhich€was€used€as€a€basis€of€the€search€warrant.€Ð`6°15/ Y/ Y ÐÌÓÓà ` àRegarding€the€probable€cause€for€the€issuance€of€the€search€warrant,€the€affidavitÐ @837 Ðfor€the€search€of€the€petitionerððs€residence€stated:Ð  :p59 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àWithin€the€past€72€hours,€a€reliable€informant€has€been€at€theÐ ° Ðabove€described€premises€and€told€the€affiant€that€theÐ  ð Ðindividual€named€is€engaged€in€dealing€in€narcotics.€TheÐ à Ðconfidential€informant€is€familiar€with€cocaine,€how€it€isÐ €Ð Ðprocessed,€packaged€for€resale€and€how€it€is€administered€forÐ pÀ Ðpersonal€use.Ð` °¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àWithin€the€past€72€hours,€the€confidential€informant€told€theÐ @  Ðaffiant€that€same€observed€cocaine€being€sold€and€storedÐ 0 € Ðtherein.€In€the€past€the€confidential€informant€has€given€theÐ  p  Ðaffiant€information€on€at€least€one€occasion€that€led€to€theÐ `  Ðseizure€of€cocaine.€The€confidential€informant€hasÐ P  Ðcorroborated€otherwise€reliable€informantððs€information€and€hasÐ ð@  Ðnever€given€information€that€I€found€to€be€untrue.Ðà0 ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àThe€petitioner€argues€that€deficiencies€in€the€search€warrant€affidavit€regarding€theÐ  ð Ðconfidential€informant€and€information€received€from€that€person€should€have€beenÐ €Ð Ðchallenged€by€trial€counsel€with€a€motion€to€suppress€the€search€warrant.€€The€defenseÐ `° Ðargues€that€such€a€motion€would€have€resulted€in€a€hearing€during€which€the€prosecutionÐ @ Ðwould€have€been€forced€to€produce€the€confidential€informant€as€a€witness.Ð  p ÐÌÓ#ºÓÓÓà ` àRegarding€the€petitionerððs€allegations€that€this€information€was€insufficient€for€theÐ à0 Ðissuance€of€a€search€warrant,€the€trial€court€ruled:Ð À! ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€confidential€informant,€it€says€that€he€didnððt€give€enoughÐ  #ð! Ðinformation€on€the€warrant.€It€looked€like€he€did.€I€couldnððtÐ $à" Ðunderstand€what€we€are€talking€about,€if€he€didnððt€give€enoughÐ €%Ð # Ðinformation.€I€believe€that€the€information€was€that€he€wasÐ p&À!$ Ðpresent€in€Mr.€Loganððs€residence€some€few€hours€before€this€Ð `'°"% Ðsearch€warrant€was€sought,€and€observed€a€sale.€That€looksÐ P( #& Ðto€me€like€pretty€good€confidential€information.€I€feel€sort€of€likeÐ @)$' ÐMr.€Winstead,€if€I€had€been€representing€this€man,€I€donððt€thinkÐ 0*€%( ÐI€would€have€wanted€that€fellow€to€testify,€regardless€of€who€heÐ  +p&) Ðwas.€€Now€whether€he€was€reliable,€I€guess€reliableÐ ,`'* Ðinformation,€I€believe€it€says€in€that€affidavit€that€he€had€givenÐ -P(+ Ðreliable€information€once€before.€And€to€make€informationÐ ð-@), Ðreliable,€maybe€you€have€to€give€it€several€timeððs€[sic];€butÐ à.0*- Ðyouððve€got€to€start€somewhere.€€And€if€itððs€the€second€situation,Ð Ð/ +. Ðand€the€first€situation€worked€out€and€was€reliable,€andÐ À0,/ Ðapparently€it€was€€€reliable€in€this€case.€€So€I€donððt€see€anythingÐ °1-0 Ðwrong€with€the€search€warrant.€€That€allegation€is€dismissed.€Ð 2ð-1¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àWhether€the€credibility€of€an€informant€has€been€sufficiently€established€hasÐ `6°15 Ðspawned€much€litigation.€€As€noted€in€Ô_ÔMoylanÔ_Ô,€ð ðHearsay€and€Probable€Cause:€An€AguilarÐ @837 Ðand€Spinelli€Primer,ðð€25€Mercer€L.€Rev.€741,€765€(1974):Ð  :p59 ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€character€of€the€informant€as€a€truth„speaker€couldÐ ° Ðhypothetically€be€established€in€a€number€of€ways.€A€lieÐ  ð Ðdetector€test€or€truth€serum€would€certainly€have€a€bearing€onÐ à Ðthe€question.€If€the€informant€was€once€awarded€a€Boy€ScoutÐ €Ð Ðmedal€for€trustworthiness€or€if€he€happened€to€be€a€prince€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€church,€those€facts€would€be€unquestionably€relevant€onÐ ` ° Ðthe€issue.€Testimonials€from€friends,€Ô_Ôneighbors,Ô_Ô€and€businessÐ P   Ðassociates€as€to€his€reputation€for€ð ðtruth€and€veracityðð€would€beÐ @  Ðhighly€relevant.€As€a€practical€matter,€however,€ð ðstool€pigeonsððÐ 0 € Ðare€neither€Boy€Scouts,€princes€of€the€church,€nor€recipients€ofÐ  p  Ðtestimonials.€With€the€typical€confidential€police€informant,€weÐ `  Ðhave€recourse€only€to€his€ð ðtrack€recordðð€of€past€performances.ÐP ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àIn€òòState€v.€Valentineóó,€911€S.W.2d€328€(Tenn.€1995),€our€Supreme€Court€set€out€theÐ À Ðprinciples€which€we€must€apply€in€testing€the€search€warrant€affidavit:Ð  ð ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIn€order€for€a€search€warrant€to€meet€constitutionalÐ €Ð Ðrequirements€under€Article€I,€Section€7,€of€the€TennesseeÐ pÀ ÐConstitution,€the€warrant€must€comply€with€the€two„prongedÐ `° Ðstandard€voiced€in€òòAguilar€v.€Texasóó€and€òòSpinelli€v.€UnitedÐ P  ÐStatesóó.€€òòState€v.€Jacuminóó,€778€S.W.2d€430€(Tenn.€1989).€€TheÐ @ Ðtwo€prongs€of€the€òòAguilar„Spinellióó€test€are€usually€referred€to€asÐ 0€ Ðthe€ð ðbasis€of€knowledgeðð€prong€and€the€ð ðveracityðð€prong.€Ð p¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòValentineóó,€911€S.W.2d€at€330€(footnotes€omitted).Ð P ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àOver€the€years,€our€courts€have€considered€numerous€variations€of€information€€fromÐ À! Ðconfidential€informants€which€was€the€basis€for€a€search€warrant€.€In€òòState€v.€Stevensóó,€989Ð  #ð! ÐS.W.2d€290,€292€(Tenn.€1999),€law€enforcement€officers,€utilizing€a€person€whom€they€feltÐ €%Ð # Ðwas€a€ð ðcitizen€informant,ðð€set€out€in€the€search€warrant€affidavit€that€the€informant€wasÐ `'°"% Ðð ðbelieved€to€be€credible€and€liable€[sic].ðð€€The€court,€finding€that€the€informant€was€not€aÐ @)$' Ðð ðcitizen„informant,ðð€as€the€officers€believed,€upheld€the€search€warrant€because€ofÐ  +p&) Ðverification€by€the€officers€of€the€information:Ð -P(+ ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àWith€regard€to€the€reliability€of€the€informant,€the€affidavitÐ à.0*- Ðstates€only€that€the€ð ðcitizenðð€was€ð ðbelieved€to€be€credible€andÐ Ð/ +. Ð[re]liable.ðð€Although€this€assertion€alone€is€insufficient€toÐ À0,/ Ðestablish€the€veracity€of€the€informant,€the€statementsÐ °1-0 Ðindicating€that€a€positive€field€test€was€performed€on€theÐ  2ð-1 Ðð ðfinished€productðð€in€the€informantððs€possession€sufficientlyÐ 3à.2 Ðdemonstrated€the€reliability€of€the€information.Ѐ4Ð/3¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓsÏÓòòStevensóó,€989€S.W.2d€at€295€(citations€omitted).Ð `6°15 ÐÌà ` àLikewise,€in€òòState€v.€Henningóó,€975€S.W.2d€290€(Tenn.€1998),€the€Court€consideredÐ  :p59 Ða€search€warrant€affidavit€which€stated€that€the€informantððs€ð ðreliability€has€been€establishedÐ ° Ðby€providing€information€which€has€resulted€in€several€arrest[s]€in€the€past.ðð€€òòHenningóó,€975Ð à ÐS.W.2d€at€295.€€In€addition,€the€affidavit€stated€that€investigators€had€observed€at€theÐ pÀ Ðlocation€to€be€searched€ð ðfive€transactions€of€a€type€believed€to€be€drug€sales,ðð€€that€theÐ P   Ðresident€of€the€dwelling€to€be€searched€had€two€prior€arrests€for€possession€of€drugs€withÐ 0 € Ðintent€to€sell,€and€that€previously€a€vehicle€had€been€seized€from€him€for€ð ðpossession€ofÐ `  Ðdrugs.ðð€€òòIdóó.€€The€court€upheld€the€validity€of€the€search€warrant,€stating:Ð ð@  ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àAlthough€there€is€no€specific€allegation€in€the€affidavit€which,Ð Ð  Ðon€its€face,€establishes€the€credibility€of€the€informant,€theÐ À Ðindependent€police€corroboration€of€the€informantððs€tip,Ð ° Ðexplained€in€the€affidavit,€is€sufficient€to€establish€theÐ  ð Ðinformantððs€credibility.ÐภР¸ Ð  ÐÌòòHenningóó,€975€S.W.2d€at€295.Ð pÀ ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àA€warrantless€seizure,€following€an€informantððs€tip,€was€scrutinized€in€òòState€v.Ð 0€ ÐBridgesóó,€963€S.W.2d€487€(Tenn.€1997).€€Finding€the€information€adequate€to€establishÐ ` Ðprobable€cause,€the€court€held:Ð ð@ ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àIn€the€present€case€the€informant€who€provided€the€tipÐ Ð  Ðabout€the€defendantððs€criminal€activity€had€assisted€OfficerÐ À! ÐBlackwell€on€a€case€approximately€eight€years€earlier€in€whichÐ °"  Ðan€arrest€and€conviction€were€made€on€a€cocaine€charge.Ð  #ð! ÐBlackwell€had€known€this€informant€for€a€number€of€years€andÐ $à" Ðsaid€this€informant€had€ð ðalways€been€very€straightforward€andÐ €%Ð # Ðvery€honest€and€very€reliableðð€with€him.€These€facts€minimallyÐ p&À!$ Ðsatisfy€the€credibility€prong€of€the€òòJacuminóó€test.Ð`'°"%¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòBridgesóó,€963€S.W.2d€at€491.Ð @)$' ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àHowever,€simply€describing€the€confidential€informant€as€ð ða€reputable€and€reliableÐ -P(+ Ðpersonðð€was€a€conclusory€allegation€which€failed€to€demonstrate€to€the€magistrate€eitherÐ à.0*- Ðthe€informantððs€inherent€reliability€or€the€reliability€on€that€particular€occasion.€òòState€v.Ð À0,/ ÐValentineóó,€911€S.W.2d€328,€329€(Tenn.€1995).Ð  2ð-1 ÐÌà ` àThe€informant€in€òòState€v.€Transouóó,€928€S.W.2d€949€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996),€wasÐ `6°15 Ðdescribed€as€a€ð ðreliable€informant€who€has€proven€reliable€in€the€past€and€has€been€onÐ @837 Ðsaid€premises€within€the€past€72€hours€and€has€seen€illegal€narcotics€for€resale.ðð€€òòTransouóó,Ð  :p59 Ð928€S.W.2d€at€957.€€Citing€òòValentineóó,€this€Court€held€that€this€language€failed€to€ð ðestablishÐ ° Ðwhy€the€informant€was€ððreliableðð€or€how€the€informant€had€ððproven€reliable€in€the€past.ðððð€€òòIdóó.Ð à ÐHowever,€in€òòState€v.€Hilliardóó,€906€S.W.2d€466,€468€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€the€statementÐ pÀ Ðin€the€search€warrant€affidavit€that€ð ð[t]he€confidential€informant€has€given€information€in€theÐ P   Ðpast€which€resulted€in€the€arrest€and€convictions€of€known€drug€dealers€on€severalÐ 0 € Ðoccasionsðð€satisfied€the€second€prong€of€the€òòAguilar„Spinellióó€test.€€òòIdóó.€at€468.€€This€Court,Ð `  Ðin€òòState€v.€Moonóó,€841€S.W.2d€336€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€ruled€that€probable€cause€wasÐ ð@  Ðnot€established€by€the€statement€that€ð ðsuch€informant€is€a€reliable€person€who€has€givenÐ Ð  Ðinformation€against€his€penal€[interest]€and€in€this€case€has€given€information€that€affiantÐ ° Ðhas€checked€and€found€to€be€accurate.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€337.€€The€defendant€conceded€that€theÐ à Ðreliability€prong€of€òòAguilar„Spinellióó€had€been€satisfied€by€the€statement€that€ð ð[i]nformationÐ pÀ Ðreceived€from€said€informant€in€the€past€has€resulted€in€the€confiscation€of€illeg[a]l€drugsÐ P  Ðand€two€convictions€in€a€court€of€law.ðð€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€818€S.W.2d€350€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð 0€ Ð1991).Ð ` ÐÌà ` àCertainly,€the€first€prong€of€the€òòAguilar„Spinellióó€test€is€satisfied€by€the€statements€inÐ Ð  Ðthe€affidavit€in€this€case€that€the€confidential€informant€had€been€within€the€premises€to€beÐ °"  Ðsearched€within€the€seventy„two€hours€prior€to€the€search€warrant€application€beingÐ $à" Ðsubmitted€to€the€issuing€magistrate,€and€the€recitation€of€the€informantððs€familiarity€withÐ p&À!$ Ðcocaine.€€Thus,€the€ð ðbasis€of€knowledge€prongðð€is€met.€€òòSeeóó€òòMoonóó,€841€S.W.2d€at€339.Ð P( #& ÐÌà ` àAs€to€the€ð ðveracity€prong,ðð€we€find€this€is€supported€by€the€statements€in€the€affidavit.Ð ,`'* ÐIt€is€said€that€the€informant€has€ð ðgiven€the€affiant€information€on€at€least€one€occasion€thatÐ ð-@), Ðled€to€the€seizure€of€cocaine,ðð€that€the€ð ðinformant€has€corroborated€otherwise€reliableÐ Ð/ +. Ðinformantððs€information€and€has€never€given€information€that€I€found€to€be€untrue.ðð€€WeÐ °1-0 Ðbelieve€that€this€language€minimally€establishes€the€credibility€of€the€informant€and€is€mostÐ 3à.2 Ðakin€to€that€examined€in€òòBridgesóó,€963€S.W.2d€at€491€(the€informant€had€assisted€the€affiantÐ p5À04 Ðon€a€case€approximately€eight€years€earlier€in€which€an€arrest€and€conviction€were€made,Ð P7 26 Ðthe€officer€had€known€the€informant€for€a€number€of€years,€and€the€informant€had€alwaysÐ 09€48 Ðbeen€very€straightforward,€honest€and€reliable)€and€òòHilliardóó,€906€S.W.2d€at€468€(pastÐ ° Ðinformation€from€the€informant€had€ð ðresulted€in€the€arrest€and€convictions€of€known€drugÐ à Ðdealersðð).€€Additionally,€we€note€that€the€affidavit€states€that€the€informant€had€corroboratedÐ pÀ Ðð ðotherwise€reliable€informantððs€informationðð€and€had€never€given€information€ð ðfound€to€beÐ P   Ðuntrue.ðð€€Regarding€such€assertions,€it€has€been€stated€that:Ð 0 € ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àIn€a€case€which€might€otherwise€be€somewhat€doubtful,€it€mayÐ `  Ðbe€significant€that€the€police€officer€asserts€that€his€informantÐ P  Ðhas€never€given€him€information€which€proved€to€be€incorrect.Ðð@ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌ2€Wayne€R.€LaFave,€òòSearch€and€Seizureóó,€ðð€3.3(b)€(3d€ed.€1996)€(footnote€omitted).Ð Ð  ÐÌÌÌà ` àIn€this€same€regard,€as€reported€by€Professor€LaFave:Ð à ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àIf€the€furnishing€of€good€information€in€the€past€contributesÐ pÀ Ðto€a€belief€in€an€informantððs€credibility,€the€furnishing€of€badÐ `° Ðinformation€in€the€past€would€certainly€derogate€therefrom.€TheÐ P  Ðpoliceman€who€works€with€an€informant€knows€of€his€fullÐ @ Ðbatting€average,€not€just€of€his€successes.€€If€a€magistrate€isÐ 0€ Ðfurnished,€selectively,€with€half„truths,€he€is€intellectuallyÐ  p Ðcrippled€in€terms€of€making€the€informed€judgmentÐ ` Ðcontemplated€by€the€fourth€amendment.€€It€is€not€being€overlyÐ P Ðcynical€to€suggest€that€in€some€instances,€the€sparsity€ofÐ ð@ Ðinformation€about€an€informantððs€credibility€is€prompted€not€byÐ à0 Ðfear€of€compromising€his€identity€but€by€fear€that€the€policemanÐ Ð  Ðdoesnððt€really€have€a€ð ðsubstantial€basisðð€for€trusting€hisÐ À! Ðinformant.€In€such€cases,€the€magistrate€should€not€be€askedÐ °"  Ðto€rely€upon€that€which€the€policeman€himself€should€not€reallyÐ  #ð! Ðrely€upon.Ð$à"¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓòòIdóó.€(citing€Ô_ÔMoylanÔ_Ô,€ð ðHearsay€and€Probable€Cause:€An€Aguilar€and€Spinelli€Primer,ðð€25Ð p&À!$ ÐMercer€L.€Rev.€741€(1974),€at€759).Ð P( #& ÐÌà ` àÔ€XøtXXXvÒÔÔ‡X… XXXøtÔIn€his€brief,€the€petitioner€cites€this€Courtððs€opinion€in€òòState€v.€Stephen€Udzinski,€Jr.óó,Ð ,`'* ÐNo.€€01C01„9212„CC„00380,€1993€WL€473308€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Nov.€18,Ð Ü-,), Ð1993)€for€the€proposition€that€a€showing€of€probable€cause€in€the€affidavit€is€weakened€byÐ ¨/ø*. Ðthe€fact€that€it€does€not€set€out€that€previous€information€from€the€informant€has€resultedÐ t1Ä,0 Ðin€arrests.€However,€while€this€argument€is€correct,€it€is€also€true€that€a€consideration€inÐ @3.2 Ðwhether€credibility€has€been€established€in€this€matter€is€the€fact€that€the€informantÐ  5\04 Ðpreviously€gave€information€resulting€in€the€seizure€of€cocaine€and,€in€this€matter,€he€toldÐ Ø6(26 Ðofficers€that€the€petitioner€was€storing€and€selling€cocaine€in€this€residence:Ð ¤8ô38 ÐÓÓÓ3X„X/ ¦À•XX„X/ h–X3Óà ` àà8 ¸ àà8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà ¦ àWhen€the€nature€of€the€prior€information€isÐ ° Ðomitted,€the€allegations€become€even€moreÐ –æ Ðcircumspect.€Easily€accessible€and€verifiable€publicÐ |Ì Ðinformation„„i.e.,€who€won€the€game,€what€wasÐ b² Ðyesterdayððs€weather,€and€who€drives€a€certain€car„„Ð H˜ Ðimpute€no€credibility€to€the€informant.€Only€previousÐ . ~ Ðinformation€that€imputes€credibility€to€the€informantÐ  d Ðonce€it€is€found€to€be€accurate€provides€the€necessaryÐ ú J Ðbasis€for€concluding€that€an€informant€is€reliable,€i.e.,Ð à 0 Ðthe€drugs€are€at€this€location€or€the€gun€is€in€the€alley.Ð Æ   ÐThus€an€affidavit€which€recited€that€an€informant€hadÐ ¬ ü  Ðpreviously€given€law„enforcement€information€that€ledÐ ’â  Ðto€the€discovery€of€a€murder€weapon€or€a€shipment€ofÐ xÈ  Ðcocaine€would€sufficiently€establish€the€informantððsÐ ^®  Ðreliability.€It€would€allow€the€magistrate€to€considerÐ D”  Ðthat,€on€prior€occasions,€the€person€upon€whom€theÐ *z  Ðpolice€were€currently€relying,€had€given€the€policeÐ ` Ðinformation€not€subject€to€public€knowledge€thatÐ öF Ðproved€to€be€correct.€ÐÜ,/ Y/ Y ÐÌòòUdzinskióó,€1993€WL€473308,€at€*3.Ð ¨ø ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àIn€addition,€as€to€whether€previous€information€from€the€informant€must€haveÐ @ Ðresulted€in€one€or€more€convictions,€Professor€LaFave€states:Ð  \ ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àà / àPerhaps€the€best€illustration€of€this€point€[that€previousÐ Ø( Ðinformation€from€the€informant€need€not€have€resulted€inÐ ¾ Ðconvictions]€is€to€be€found€in€those€cases€in€which€the€criticalÐ ¤ô Ðallegation€is€that€the€informantððs€prior€information€has€led€to€theÐ Š Ú Ðdiscovery€of€evidence€of€criminal€activity.€Courts€haveÐ p!À  Ðconsistently€held€that€an€informantððs€track€record€is€sufficientlyÐ V"¦! Ðestablished€by€a€showing€(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)€that€on€one€or€more€priorÐ <#Œ" Ðoccasions€the€informant€indicated€that€a€certain€object,€usuallyÐ "$r# Ðnarcotics€but€sometimes€such€other€items€as€stolen€property,Ð %X $ Ðcounterfeit€money,€or€even€the€body€of€a€homicide€victim,€areÐ î%>!% Ðconcealed€at€a€certain€place,€and€(ii)€that€this€information€wasÐ Ô&$"& Ðverified€as€true€by€a€search€which€uncovered€the€specifiedÐ º' #' Ðitems€at€the€place€indicated.€This€is€a€sound€result,€for€the€factÐ  (ð#( Ðthat€ð ðevidence€was€turned€up€which€the€informant€indicatedÐ †)Ö$) Ðwould€be€turned€upðð€bears€very€directly€upon€the€informantððsÐ l*¼%* Ðcredibility.€ÐR+¢&+¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓÓLaFave,€òòsupraóó,€Ô#†XøtX XX…õ#ÔÔ‡XvÒXXXøtÔððÔ#†XøtXXXvÒ0#ÔÔ‡X… XXXøtÔ€3.3(b)€(footnotes€omitted).Ð -n(- ÐÌà ` àThus,€based€upon€these€authorities,€we€hold€that€probable€cause€to€search€theÐ Î0,1 Ðdefendantððs€residence€was€established€by€the€search€warrant.€€Ð š2ê-3 ÐÌà ` àIn€addition,€the€defendant€has€asserted€that€his€trial€counsel€should€have€filed€aÐ 26‚17 Ðmotion€to€suppress€the€search€warrant€so€that€the€identity€of€the€confidential€informantÐ þ7N39 Ðcould€be€discovered.€€Both€the€record€in€this€matter€and€the€opinion€of€the€court€regardingÐ Ê95; Ðthe€direct€appeal€of€the€petitionerððs€conviction€make€it€clear€that€there€was€no€basis€forÐ ° Ðdisclosure€of€the€identity€of€the€confidential€informant.€€€òòState€v.€Vanderfordóó,€980€S.W.2dÐ |Ì Ð390,€396€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1998)€(defendant€not€entitledÐ H˜ Ðto€discover€informantððs€identity€solely€to€attack€the€search€warrant).€€This€being€the€case,Ð  d Ðineffective€assistance€of€counsel€did€not€occur€when€trial€counsel€for€the€petitioner€did€notÐ à 0 Ðattempt€to€suppress€the€search€warrant.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ à4.à8 / àThe€trial€court€failed€to€state€findings€of€fact€andÐ D”  Ðconclusions€of€law.Ð*z / Y/ Y ÐÌÓÓà ` àAs€the€petitioner€correctly€argues,€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€Rule€28,€ðð€6(B)(4)(c)€Ð öF Ðstates€that€the€trial€court€shall,€upon€dismissal€of€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€enterÐ Â Ðan€order€setting€out€its€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law.€€Although€a€written€orderÐ ŽÞ Ðwas€not€entered€in€this€case,€the€record€on€appeal,€together€with€the€transcript€of€the€trialÐ Zª Ðcourtððs€oral€ruling,€is€sufficient€for€us€to€consider€each€of€the€issues€presented.€€Ð &v ÐÌà@nn*DàÔ€î‘Ùî XX…Ôò òÔ‡ŠÖ6ˆîî‘ÙÔCONCLUSIONó óÔ#†î‘ÙÖ6 #ԈР¾ ÐÔ€X… Xîî‘ÙÔà ` àBased€upon€the€authorities€and€the€reasoning€set€out€herein,€we€affirm€the€order€ofÐ ¾  Ðthe€trial€court€dismissing€the€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.Ð Š"Ú! ÐÔ#†XøtX XX…v#ÔÌÌÔ‡X… XXXøtÔÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà / àà ¦ àà À àà  à________________________________________Ð (V#' Ðà ` àà ¸ àà / àà ¦ àà À àà  àALAN€E.€€GLENN,€JUDGEÐ ì(<$( ÐÌÌCONCUR:Ð ž+î&+ ÐÌÌÌÌ____________________________________Ð 0l+0 ÐJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGEÐ 1R,1 ÐÌÌÌÌ____________________________________Ð €5Ð06 ÐJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGEÔ#†XøtX XX…#Ô