ÿWPCà Ÿ€0©½ã¨áÙÊ¿¯„9;«ï¦@?<”¿}+_ÈÂLïºhNp5WßD‰û€›q´Có‡ç]X‡„ºyÌ$ã óç§su@ʈÔñ—Ú»Nq9ì¥_Ñ=zhwè‰QvcEm®Êé\Óf«>)1¼Ÿßjç?nê¥éz”KÄK°:gåyW¤¥ŒÕq¸+zžƒ•hUj•[ÁNÀ.R•ÂÙÇ„Ÿ±S”Ý/%mr°KÅé4! —7Nðôh÷K,®â~·HTÔ­ŽU|eb gæ§nÆA€•E?†ç’‰ +¦ÆM4 g<éÂ^Z”æõÌ4ìMê ×›¦Üì.+¸n¸‡Ê/*ª"uä¦Ú@k?£"á÷̾·PçÎ\Q®ŸYK™$–¢"6 Tü3}Cy3„D@Eˆÿ ¸ÈÓDxQbª†¯I„_¿l ëÝrú!Ýà#¸Á>ÌŸ¼àÆÞj?[½ËnyWáu Wôƒ®-Ð%éDhê ¼É×úTа"œ¸–öÎ…{ øßõ"GÿaWÕh- lüØF¿m…‘:ŸÊà¡%)ïÅ8˜Ï"5ʇj¿ßw%Ãl-•“J«ØZƘ5ÓKC{a¨,U.h %–bœ§ ¤GçëÒn­â 0(—U:¿w²ù4«´¿ 0 ™s 0D U :P ´Š U:> çx U:_´™U:M|‡$ D3'U:ZZZZZZ 0D” BØØØØ AQõÆF 0D  0DP D/” BÃ<þ6X9`(CourierX ù Ý ƒ4Ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÙ£XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„302(a)(1)€(1997). šÝ ƒ4Ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÙ£XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(a)€(1997). ÝÝ ƒ4Ä$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÙ£XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€It€is€this€courtððs€policy€not€to€reveal€the€names€of€minors€involved€inÐ `  Ðsexual€abuse.3|xAB«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularBBEBBEBBEBBE B!BE"B#BD$Be%Be&BD'BD(B)B*B+BD,B-B.BD/B0BD1B2B5B6BÓ€ø‚& ªÝ ƒDÿÝÒ°ÒÔ€X>XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€do€not€impose€a€plain€error€analysis€in€reviewing€this€issue,€òòseeóóÐ `  ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b),€because€of€the€language€of€Tennessee€Rule€ofÏEvidence€605:€ð ðThe€judge€.€.€.€presiding€at€trial€may€not€testify€at€that€trial.€€NoÏobjection€need€be€made€in€order€to€preserve€that€point.ðð€€(I(24Ä$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÙ£XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ªÝ ƒDÿÝÒ°ÒÔ€XrdXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€do€not€impose€a€plain€error€analysis€in€reviewing€this€issue,€òòseeóóÐ `  ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b),€because€of€the€language€of€Tennessee€Rule€ofÏEvidence€605;€ð ðThe€judge€.€.€.€presiding€at€trial€may€not€testify€at€that€trial.€€NoÏobjection€need€be€made€in€order€to€preserve€that€point.ðð€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÝÝ ƒD$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X>XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€It€is€this€courtððs€policy€not€to€reveal€the€names€of€minors€involved€inÐ `  Ðsexual€abuse.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ªÝ ƒDÿÝÒ°ÒÔ€X>XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€do€not€impose€a€plain€error€analysis€in€reviewing€this€issue,€òòseeóóÐ `  ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b),€because€of€the€language€of€Tennessee€Rule€ofÏEvidence€605;€ð ðThe€judge€.€.€.€presiding€at€trial€may€not€testify€at€that€trial.€€NoÏobjection€need€be€made€in€order€to€preserve€that€point.ðð€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular rÝ ƒD$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X>XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€The€offense€of€rape€of€a€child€ð ðis€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€aÐ `  Ðvictim€by€the€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim,€if€such€victim€is€less€thanÏthirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(a)€(1997).€€TheÏoffense€of€incest€is€committed€when€a€person€ð ðengages€in€sexual€penetration€.€.€.Ïwith€a€person,€knowing€such€person€to€be,€without€regard€to€legitimacy:€(1)€TheÏpersonððs€natural€parent,€child€.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„15„302(a)(1)€(1997). Ý ƒ(¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XÙ£XXXÔÔ€ÓJXXÙ£ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XÙ£XÓJÔÐ  ÐÌò òMay€14,€1999Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô,Ì ôXXÙ£ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó""""'ÿÿdxd,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(3¯$££Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý d'(!)*Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó++'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÝ  Ýñ%Bñ›ñ%Bññ%Bññ$Bñ›ñ$Bññ%Bññ$Bñ›ñ$BñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ X¢XXXÔÑ7€ ¢ XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñœñ&BñÌñ&Bññ6Bñ›ñ6BñÑ€Ñò òñ6Bñßr€&<,(j 8` `€€@EÈf ` ttx$` ð Úrß›ñ6Bñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌ€à@::'àAT€KNOXVILLEˆÐ @ à ÐÌà@__#àJANUARY€1999€SESSIONó óˆÐ  À ÐÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà  àó ó)à p àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9804„CR„00136Ð à€ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ Ðp  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)à p àMcMinn€Countyà x àÐ À`  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHon.€Mayo€L.€Mashburn,€JudgeÐ  @  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àà È à(Deceased)€(Trial)Ð 0  Ðò òLEE€LANCE,à  àà h àà À àó óà  à)à p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àÐ €  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHon.€Carroll€L.€Ross,€Judgeò òÐ p Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)à p àà È à(Motion€for€New€Trial)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(Rape€of€a€Child,€Incest)Ð @à Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð   ÐÌò òELLERY€HILL€(DECEASED)€(at€trial)à  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€à Ð àó óÐ à€ ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Ð p Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àÌò òCHARLES€M.€CORNó óà h àà À àò òà  àà p àTODD€R.€KELLEYó óÐ °"P ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderò òà h àà À àó óà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ  #@ Ð53„A€Central€Ave.,€P.O.€Box€1453à  àà p à425€Fifth€Ave.€N.,€2d€Floorà Ð àÐ $0 ÐCleveland,€TN€37364„1453à À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ò òÐ €%  Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌò òTHOMAS€E.€KIMBALLó ó€ò ò(at€trial)ó óà À àà  àà p àò òJERRY€N.€ESTESÐ `'  Ðó óAssistant€Public€Defenderò òà h àà À àà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€Generalò òÐ P(ð! Ðó ó110€ðð€Washington€Ave.,€NEÐ @)à" ÐAthens,€TN€37303à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òSANDRA€DONAGHYó óÐ 0*Ð # Ðò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óAssistant€District€AttorneyÐ  +À!$ Ðò òGERALD€L.€GULLEY,€JR.€(on€appeal)ó óà  àà p àP.O.€Box€647Ð ,°"% ÐBaker,€McReynolds,€Byrne,€OððKane,à  àà p àAthens,€TN€37303„0647Ð - #& Ðà ` àShea€&€Townsendà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ ð-$' Ð607€Market€St.,€Eleventh€Floorà À àà  àà p àÐ à.€%( ÐP.O.€Box€1708à  àà h àà À àÐ Ð/p&) ÐKnoxville,€TN€37901„1708ÌÌÌÌò òÌOPINION€FILED:________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGEó óÐ 09Ð/3 ÐÌÓÓÐ ;°15S Ðà@qq*àò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  ÐÌÔ‡XÙ£XX X¢ÔÓ'X‚,¸ ˜X°œX'Óà ¸ àÔ#† X¢XXXÙ£#ÔThe€defendant,€Lee€Lance,€appeals€from€his€convictions€of€two€countsÐ  À Ðof€rape€of€a€child׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€two€counts€of€incest׃v×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€in€the€McMinn€County€Criminal€Court.€Ð   ÐThe€trial€court€imposed€an€effective€sentence€of€25€years€in€confinement.€€In€thisÏdirect€appeal,€the€defendant€raises€three€issues:ÌÓÓà ¸ àI.à  àDid€the€trial€court€improperly€assist€the€state€in€proving€all€of€theÐ  @  Ðà ¸ àà  ànecessary€elements€of€the€offenses€of€rape€of€a€child€and€¼à ¸ àà  àincest,€thereby€violating€the€defendantððs€rights€to€a€fair€trial?ÌÌà ¸ àII.à  àDid€the€trial€court€unfairly€prejudice€the€defendant€by€allowing€Ð ` Ðà ¸ àà  àthe€state€to€ask€leading€questions€on€its€direct€and€redirect€¼à ¸ àà  àexaminations€of€the€alleged€victim?Ìà ¸ àà  àÌà ¸ àIII.à  àWas€the€evidence€sufficient€to€support€a€jury€verdict€of€Ð  À Ðà ¸ àà  àguilty€on€the€charges€of€rape€of€a€child€and€incest?ÌÌÓÓAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€applicable€law,€weÏaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€state€presented€the€following€proof€at€trial.€€The€five„year€oldÏfemale€victim,ñ2Bñ׃$×ñ2Bññ2Bñ׃8×ñ2BñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€identified€the€defendant,€her€father,€as€the€person€that€committed€theÐ p& Ðoffenses€against€her.€€She€testified€that€she€and€the€defendant€were€in€anÏoutbuilding€near€the€defendantððs€home€when€the€defendant€pulled€the€victimððs€pantsÏhalfway€off.€€The€defendant€had€his€pants€halfway€off€as€he€laid€on€top€of€the€victimÏand€touched€her€with€his€penis.€€She€specifically€stated€ð ðhe€put€it€on€my€privateðð€andÏit€hurt.€€The€victim€did€not€remember€telling€anyone€except€her€mother€about€theÏevents€in€the€outbuilding.€ñ$Bñœñ$BñÌÐ 30*- Ðà ¸ àAfter€the€victim€recounted€the€first€assault,€which€is€the€subject€ofÏcounts€one€and€two,€the€prosecutor€asked€her€if€the€defendant€did€anything€else€toÏher.€€She€replied,€ð ðYes.ðð€€When€the€prosecutor€asked€ð ðWhat€else€did€he€do€.€.€.€œ?ñ(Bñ,ñ(Bñððñ'Bñ,ñ'Bñ›Ïthe€transcript€indicates€ð ð(No€œresponse.)ñ)Bñ.ñ)Bñðð›€Then€the€prosecutor€asked,€ð ðDid€he€touchÏyou€somewhere€œelse?ñ,Bñ,ñ,Bñððñ+Bñ,ñ+Bñ›€and€the€transcript€indicates€ð ð(Nods€head€œaffirmatively.)ñ*Bñ.ñ*Bñðð›€TheÏvictim€testified€that€the€nod€meant€ð ðyes,ðð€but€when€asked€where€else€the€defendantÏtouched€her,€the€victim€began€crying.€€The€victim€continued€to€cry€in€the€face€ofÏrepeated€attempts€to€elicit€her€response€to€the€question,€and€the€trial€court€ultimatelyÏdeclared€a€recess.€€During€the€recess,€the€child€sat€with€an€officer€and€herÏstepfather€who€was€instructed€by€the€trial€court€to€try€to€calm€her€but€not€to€discussÏthe€case€with€her.€€When€testimony€resumed,€the€victim€again€acknowledged€thatÏthe€defendant€touched€her€with€his€penis€somewhere€besides€her€genital€area,€butÏagain,€when€questioned€where,€she€began€crying.€€The€court€suggested€that€theÏprosecutor€ask€her€ð ðquestion€another€way,ðð€and€when€she€asked€if€the€defendantÏput€anything€in€the€victimððs€mouth,€the€transcript€indicates€ð ð(No€response;€witnessÏœcrying.)ñ-Bñ.ñ-Bñðð›€After€the€victim€indicated€she€was€scared,€the€prosecutor€moved€toÏanother€line€of€inquiry,€but€when€she€returned€to€the€question€about€the€secondÏassault,€the€victim€resumed€crying.€€At€this€point€the€prosecutor€said,€ð ðJudge€maybeÏIððll€let€[defense€counsel]€ask€some€questions.ðð€€After€cross„examination,€a€brief€re„¼direct€examination€about€confusion€œñ.Bñwithñ.Bññ/Bñoverñ/Bñ›€the€victimððs€grandmotherððs€name,€and€aÏbrief€re„cross€examination€about€the€grandmother,€the€prosecutor€œñ0Bñaskedñ0Bññ1Bñsaidñ1Bñ,›€ð ðThatððs€allÏI€have,€your€Honor.ðð€€The€trial€judge€then€asked,€ð ðNot€gonna€ask€her€that€questionÏagain?ðð€€At€this€point,€the€prosecutor€asked€if€the€defendant€put€his€penis€ð ðanywhereÏelse,ðð€and€the€victim€responded€by€indicating€to€her€mouth.€€She€then€affirmed€thatÏthe€defendant€put€his€penis€there.ñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÌÌà ¸ àA€former€detective€with€the€McMinn€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€LarryÐ  :À04 ÐMoses,€testified€that€he€investigated€the€allegations€of€the€victim.€€He€went€to€theÏbuilding€where€the€offenses€allegedly€occurred€and€took€photographs.€€AfterÏinterviewing€the€victim€at€the€hospital,€he€had€her€underwear€tested€and€a€rape€kitÏprepared.€€Both€the€underwear€and€the€rape€kit€returned€with€negative€results€forÏbody€fluids.€€He€did€not€obtain€any€hair€samples€from€anyone,€nor€did€he€test€theÏmattress€in€the€outbuilding€for€any€signs€of€physical€evidence.€€Instead,€he€relied€onÏDr.€Kimberly€Breedenððs€conclusion€that€there€were€signs€of€sexual€penetration.€€Dr.ÏBreeden€testified€that€she€examined€the€victim€on€May€30,€1994.€€Dr.€BreedenÏdiscovered€two€lacerations€on€the€labia€minora,€and€a€torn€hymen.€€Dr.€BreedenÏopined€that€penetration€was€the€only€way€to€create€a€tear€to€the€hymen€consistentÏwith€the€victimððs€and€that€the€injuries€occurred€somewhere€between€48€and€72€hoursÏprior€to€the€examination.€€€Dr.€Breeden€could€not€identify€the€source€of€penetration,Ïbut€she€opined€that€the€victim€had€been€penetrated.ÌÌà ¸ àBruce€Lance,€the€victimððs€brother€and€the€defendantððs€son,€testifiedÏthat€he€and€the€victim€were€visiting€the€defendant€at€the€time€of€the€allegedÏoffenses.€€He€saw€the€defendant€and€the€victim€alone€in€the€outbuilding€with€theÏvictim€standing€in€front€of€a€mattress€and€the€defendant€sitting€on€the€mattress.€€HeÏdid€not€see€the€defendant€harm€the€victim.€€The€victim€did€not€say€anything€to€himÏabout€hurting€or€that€anyone€harmed€her.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defense€presented€the€following€proof€at€trial.€€The€defendantÏtestified€that€the€victim€was€visiting€with€him€on€the€weekend€prior€to€May€30,€1994.€ÏHe€testified€that€he€never€had€sexual€contact€with€her.€€The€only€reason€that€theÏvictim€accused€him€of€these€offenses€is€because€the€victimððs€mother,€his€ex„wife,Ïð ðput€it€in€her€head.ðð€€He€said€that€the€victimððs€mother€stated€she€would€get€even€withÏthe€defendant€for€having€an€affair€with€her€ex„sister„in„law.€€€The€defendant€testifiedÐ  :À04 Ðthat€he€was€never€alone€with€the€victim€in€the€outbuilding,€but€that€he,€the€victim,ÏBruce€Lance,€the€defendantððs€sister€Autumn,€the€defendantððs€father,€and€theÏdefendantððs€grandmother€went€to€the€outbuilding€to€see€a€large€mouth€bass€fish€inÏthe€freezer.€€The€victim€did€not€want€to€return€home€after€visiting€with€the€defendantÏthat€weekend.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à h àÐ à€ ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendantððs€mother€and€father€testified€at€the€trial.€€TheÏdefendantððs€father,€E.H.€Lance,€corroborated€the€defendantððs€testimony€regardingÏthe€large€mouth€bass€fish€incident.€€Mr.€Lance€testified€that€the€victim€did€not€actÏstrange€or€distressed,€but,€instead,€she€was€running€and€playing€all€weekend.€€TheÏdefendantððs€mother,€Martha€Lance,€testified€that€she€picked€up€the€children€onÏFriday€night.€€Mrs.€Lance€was€bathing€the€victim€when€the€victim€stated€that€herÏbottom€was€hurting.€€Mrs.€Lance€examined€the€victimððs€bottom,€finding€it€to€be€redÏand€irritated,€but€she€did€not€think€the€victim€required€medical€attention.€€The€victimÏdid€not€know€why€she€was€hurting.€€After€Friday€night,€the€victim€did€not€complainÏabout€any€pain.€€The€victim€was€running€and€playing€all€weekend.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€last€witness€for€the€defense€was€the€defendantððs€fiancee,€BrookÏTaylor.€€Ms.€Taylor€testified€that€the€victimððs€mother€refused€to€allow€the€defendantÏto€buy€the€children€any€presents€because€she€wanted€to€use€the€children€forÏrevenge€against€him.€€The€victimððs€mother€was€upset€about€the€defendant€dating€herÏex„sister„in„law.€€ÌÌà ¸ àOn€this€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€two€counts€ofÏrape€of€a€child€and€two€counts€of€incest.ÌÓ  Óñ$Bñœñ$Bñò òÌñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÐ  :À04 ÐI.€€Improper€Assistanceó óÐ `  ÐÓ  Óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€judge€improperly€assisted€theÏstate€by€ð ðdirecting€the€prosecutor€to€ask€additional€questions€to€prove€an€essentialÏelement€of€the€charge.ðð€€€The€prosecutor€asked€the€victim€several€times€whether€theÏdefendant€had€touched€her€somewhere€else,€but€the€witness€began€crying€andÏcould€not€answer€the€prosecutor.€€After€cross€examination,€redirect,€and€recross,€theÏprosecutor€said€ð ðthatððs€all€I€have,€your€honor.ðð€€The€trial€court€responded€by€saying€Ïð ðNot€gonna€ask€her€that€question€again?ðð€€Without€objection€from€the€defense,ñ$Bñœñ$Bññ$Bññ2Bñœ×ƒ×ñ2Bññ2Bñ׃×ñ2Bññ$Bññ$Bñ׃×ñ$BñÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›ñ$Bñ›ñ$Bñ€theÐ €  Ðprosecutor€then€asked€the€victim€if€the€defendant€had€put€his€penis€anywhere€else.€ÏShe€responded€that€he€put€his€penis€in€her€mouth.€€This€was€the€only€evidence€ofÏthe€second€count€of€rape€of€a€child€and€second€count€of€incest.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€relies€on€òòState€v.€Brockóó,€940€S.W.2d€577€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð à€ ÐApp.€1996),€for€his€allegation€of€assistance€to€the€state€by€the€trial€judge.€€In€òòBrockóó,Ð À!` Ðthe€prosecutor€and€defense€counsel€stated€they€had€no€further€proof.€€òòBrockóó,€940Ð  #@ ÐS.W.2d€at€580.€€The€trial€judge€noted€the€lack€of€evidence€regarding€the€defendantððsÏage,€which€is€an€essential€element€of€a€statutory€rape€charge.€€òòId.óó€€The€trial€judgeÐ `'  Ðòòsua€sponteóó€reopened€the€proof€by€recalling€the€defendant€to€the€witness€stand€overÐ @)à" Ða€defense€objection.€€òòId.óó€€Without€the€judge€recalling€the€defendant,€direct€evidenceÐ  +À!$ Ðof€the€defendantððs€age€would€not€have€been€in€the€evidence.€€This€court€concludedÏthe€trial€judge€abused€his€discretion€in€recalling€the€defendant€and€questioning€himÏabout€his€age.€€òòId.óó€at€581.€€Ð À0`'* ÐÌà ¸ àHowever,€as€the€defendant€concedes,€this€case€is€different€fromÐ €4 +. ÐòòBrockóó.€€Here,€the€trial€judge€did€not€inject€himself€into€the€process€by€recalling€aÐ `  Ðwitness€and€asking€her€any€questions.€€We€believe€the€proper€inquiry€is€whether€theÏtrial€judge€ð ðcommitted€an€error€which€resulted€in€an€unjust€disposition€of€the€case.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Hawkóó,€688€S.W.2d€467,€472€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985)€(this€court€rejectedÐ   Ðthe€defendantððs€claim€that€the€trial€judge€made€prejudicial€comments€and€shouldÏhave€recused€himself).€€Although€the€trial€judgeððs€comment€may€have€suggested€aÏfurther€line€of€inquiry€to€the€state,€we€find€that€the€comment€did€not€result€in€anÏunjust€disposition€of€the€case.€€The€comment€did€not€necessarily€show€that€the€trialÏjudge€possessed€any€bias€or€opinion€regarding€the€defendantððs€guilt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ` ÐSuttlesóó,€767€S.W.2d€403,€407€(Tenn.€1989).€€ñ$Bñœñ$BñWe€glean€from€the€record€that€allÐ @à Ðparties,€including€the€trial€judge,€were€trying€to€diminish€the€trauma€that€testifyingÏwas€imposing€upon€this€very€young€witness.€€Given€the€overall€context,€we€view€theÏcourtððs€actions€as€an€outgrowth€of€this€ñ$Bñaccomodationñ$Bññ$Bñaccommodationñ$Bñ€rather€than€a€ñ$Bñmanifestitationñ$Bññ$Bñmanifestationñ$BñÏof€bias.ñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÌÌà ¸ àIn€fairness,€ñ$Bñœñ$Bñhowever,€theñ$Bñ›ñ$Bñ€issue€is€a€close€question.€€The€victimððsÏresponse€to€the€stateððs€final€question,€as€prompted€by€the€trial€judge,€supplied€theÏonly€basis€in€the€proof€to€support€the€third€and€fourth€counts€of€the€indictment.€€TheÏdefendant€argues€in€his€brief€that€ð ðwithout€the€trial€courtððs€active€assistance€with€theÏStateððs€case...the€State€would€not€have€been€able€to€prove€every€elementðð€of€theÏthird€and€fourth€counts€of€the€indictment.€€On€the€other€hand,€this€ð ðbut€forðð€argumentÏis€not€squarely€dispositive€of€the€issue.€€We€are€influenced€in€our€ñ$Bñœñ$Bñdecisionñ$Bñ›ñ$Bñ€by€theÏfact€that€the€trial€judgeððs€question€was€asked€during€the€examination€of€the€stateððsÏfirst€witness€and€was€not€imposed€at€the€conclusion€of€evidence€or€even€after€theÏstate€rested€its€case.€€There€is€no€indication€in€the€record€that€the€state€would€notÏhave€revisited€the€lack€of€proof€on€the€third€and€fourth€counts€before€it€closed€itsÏcase€had€the€trial€judge€not€asked€his€question€when€he€did.€ñ$Bñœñ$Bñ€Weñ$Bñ›ñ$Bñ€conclude€that€theÐ  :À04 Ðtrial€courtððs€action€did€not€deprive€the€defendant€of€a€fair€trial.à x àÐ `  Ѐ€ò òÐ @ à ÐÓ  ÓII.€€Leading€Questionsó óÐ  À ÐÓ  Óò òà ¸ àó óNext,€the€defendant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€allow€theÐ   Ðuse€of€leading€questions€by€the€prosecutor€during€the€direct€examination€of€theÏvictim.€€€It€is€within€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€to€allow€the€use€of€leading€questions.€ÏòòMothershed€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€96,€99€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€We€review€thisÐ  @  Ðdecision€under€an€abuse€of€discretion€standard.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Caughronóó,€855Ð €  ÐS.W.2d€526,€540€(Tenn.€1993).€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€trial€courtððs€decision€to€allow€leading€questions€in€child€sexualÏabuse€cases€has€been€consistently€upheld€by€this€court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€WilliamÐ   ÐDearryóó,€No.€03C01„9612„CC„00462,€slip€op.€at€20„21€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,Ð à€ ÐFeb.€6,€1998);€òòState€v.€James€Ryionóó,€No.€01C01„9511„CC„00365,€slip€op.€at€16Ð À!` Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Dec.€30,€1996);€òòState€v.€Hugh€Nicelyóó,€No.€01C01„Ð  #@ Ð9506„CC„00160,€slip€op.€at€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€May€9,€1996);€òòState€v.Ð €%  ÐCraig€Allen€Lewisóó,€No.€01C01„9307„CC„00232,€slip€op.€at€14„15€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð `'  ÐNashville,€Jan.€12,€1995).€€ð ð[U]nless€[the€appellate€court]€can€see€that€the€questionÏwas€not€only€clearly€leading€but€clearly€prejudicial,€the€action€of€[the€trial€court]€willÏnot€be€interfered€with€by€[the€appellate€court].ðð€€òòHale€v.€Stateóó,€281€S.W.2d€51,€58Ð - #& Ð(Tenn.€1955).€€€€€€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€victim€was€five€years€old€at€the€time€of€this€trial.€€The€nature€of€theÏsituation€was€very€upsetting€to€her.€€She€barely€responded€to€the€prosecutorððsÏquestions€by€saying€ð ðyesðð€or€ð ðno.ðð€€She€cried€and€became€so€upset€at€one€point€thatÏa€recess€was€necessary.€€Leading€questions€were€the€only€way€to€elicit€theÏnecessary€information€from€this€child.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€judge€did€not€abuse€hisÐ  :À04 Ðdiscretion€in€allowing€the€prosecutor€to€use€leading€questions€during€the€directÏexamination€of€the€victim.ò òÐ @ à ÐÓ  ÓÌIII.€€SufficiencyÌó óÓÊMÓà ¸ àThe€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€WÔ‡X>XX X>Ôhen€anÐ à€ Ðaccused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtððs€standardÏof€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ €  Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.Ð ` Ð2781,€2791„92€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.Ð @à ÐApp.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€ÏòòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€€Ô#† X>XXX>DN#ÔÐ à€ ÐÔ‡X>XX X>ÔÌà ¸ àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ð €%  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð  +À!$ Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€theÏtrier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2dÐ à.€%( Ð856,€859€(1956);€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€OnÐ À0`'* Ðthe€contrary,€this€court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ð `6-0 ÐÔ#† X>XXX>–Q#ÔÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€state€did€not€present€evidence€ofÐ  :À04 Ðsexual€penetration€by€the€defendant€in€order€to€prove€the€offenses€alleged€in€countsÏone€and€two.€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€victimððs€testimony,€ð ðhe€put€it€on€myÏprivate,ðð€does€not€establish€sexual€penetration€by€the€defendant.€€SexualÏpenetration€is€an€essential€element€of€rape€of€a€child€and€incest.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€SexualÐ   Ðpenetration€is€defined€as€ð ðsexual€intercourse,€cunnilingus,€fellatio,€anal€intercourse,Ïor€any€other€intrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€part€of€a€personððs€body€or€of€any€objectÏinto€the€genital€or€anal€openings€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€otherÏpersonððs€body,€but€emission€of€semen€is€not€required.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„¼501(7)€(1997).ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€argues€that€it€was€necessary€for€the€victim€to€testifyÏthat€the€defendant€put€his€penis€ð ðinðð€her,€instead€of€ð ðonðð€her,€to€prove€penetration.€ÏThe€victim€does€not€have€to€use€specific€words€to€prove€penetration.€€This€court€hasÏfound€sufficient€evidence€of€sexual€penetration€from€the€exact€language€used€by€thisÏvictim€in€the€case€of€òòState€v.€Curtis€Newbernóó,€No.€70€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,Ð  #@ ÐJuly€5,€1989).€€ÌÌà ¸ àIn€òòNewbernóó,€the€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€ð ðtook€his€private€outÐ @)à" Ðand€put€it€on€my€private.ðð€€òòNewbernóó,€slip€op.€at€2.€€There€was€evidence€of€tears€onÐ  +À!$ Ðthe€òòNewbernóó€victimððs€hymen€as€well.€€òòId.óó€€On€this€evidence,€this€court€foundÐ - #& Ðsufficient€proof€of€sexual€penetration.€€òòId.óó€€The€same€evidence€was€provided€in€thisÐ à.€%( Ðcase.€€The€defendant€laid€on€top€of€the€victim,€touched€her€with€his€penis,€and€ð ðputÏit€on€my€private.ðð€€Dr.€Breeden€testified€that€the€victim€had€two€vaginal€lacerationsÐ  2@), Ðand€a€torn€hymen,€which€is€consistent€with€penetration.€€This€evidence€wasÏsufficient€to€prove€sexual€penetration€and€sustain€the€juryððs€verdict€of€one€countÏrape€of€a€child€and€one€count€of€incest.€€€€€ÌÌà ¸ àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€there€is€no€testimony€from€theÏstateððs€witnesses€that€the€defendant€committed€these€acts€within€the€time€frameÏwhich€Dr.€Breeden€testified€the€offense€would€have€occurred.€€However,€theÏdefendant€and€his€parents€testified€that€the€victim€was€visiting€the€defendant€at€hisÏparentsðð€home€during€the€time€frame€for€which€the€offenses€occurred.€€This€evidenceÏwas€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€conclusion€that€the€defendant€was€with€the€victimÏduring€the€time€frame€for€which€the€offenses€occurred.€€€€Ìñ$Bñœñ$BñÌñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÓ  Óñ$Bñœñ$Bñò òIV.€Conclusionó óñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÐ à€ ÐÓ  Óà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€ñ$Bñœñ$Bñaffirmed.Ìñ$Bñ›œñ$BñÌà ¸ àIn€this€case,€the€terms€of€the€four€judgments€are€not€consistent€withÏrespect€to€the€concurrent€and€consecutive€running€of€the€sentences.€€Some€ð ðcross„¼wiringðð€has€occurred,€and€although€the€trial€court€made€an€attempt€to€rectify€theÏproblem€through€an€order€to€amend€the€judgments,€we€believe€the€problems€persistÏand€moreover€discern€that€the€effect€of€the€judgment€language€is€at€odds€with€theÏsentences€as€announced€by€the€trial€court€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€When€theÏjudgment€in€a€case€conflicts€with€the€judgeððs€language€from€the€transcript€of€theÏsentencing€hearing,€the€latter€controls.€€òòState€v.€Mooreóó,€814€S.W.2d€381,€383€(Tenn.Ð €4 +. ÐCrim.€App.€1991).€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€judge€clearlyÏimposed€the€two€rape€sentences€of€20€years€each€to€run€concurrently€with€eachÏother€and€the€two€incest€sentences€of€five€years€each€to€run€concurrently€with€eachÐ  :À04 Ðother.€€These€two€effective€sentences„„20€years€for€rape€and€five€years€for€incest„„¼were€imposed€to€run€consecutively€to€each€other€to€yield€a€final€effective€sentenceÏof€25€years.€€This€courtððs€judgment€should€amend€the€trial€courtððs€œjudgmentñ5Bñsñ5Bñ›€in€orderÏto€make€them€refleñBññBñtñBññBññBñct€the€meñBññBññBñethñBññBññBñthod€of€serving€the€ñBññBññBñañBññBññBñvarñBññBññBñouis€sñBññBññBñious€sentences€as€establishedÏby€tñBññBññBñhrialñBññBññ!Bññ Bñtñ Bññ!Bññ"Bñhe€trial€court.ñ"Bññ$Bñ›ñ$BñÌÓÓÌÌÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à________________________________Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGEÌÌÌñ$Bñœñ$Bññ#Bñ̛̛Ìñ#BñCONCUR:ñ$Bñ›ñ$BñÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÌÌ