WPC_$ [ڷX[gUۉC-Lu-FnDzԓW(:鞫_qT&zuTd͌^#6Ļ5O9 }!`9 d |F i[?"!nb nR9gnIm>jqC,3z4yۈHu:|J)EOz ZO,UdR_!I&!#z:\qseFȯ꘶\Oʧ~9cr# F UNQ % 0( 4  U0: U-:* bd El  w@  |U:U: 0 0DyU:U:U:<U: U:G|U:U:U:4U:nU:U: B!!!U: " " " " D3C"C"C" 0Dv"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v"v" AO" # # 0D# D/$ BB$HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($uM% @ d3|x$,cAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular- - ;  #Xd#    $XXXXX   `   4    XXXXWhilenotnecessarytosupportthefindingofextensivecriminalactivityinthe  presentcase,theappellantsnumerouspriorarrests#XXXX#XXXXԀarecertainlyrelevanttothatfinding,  althoughperhapsentitledtolittleweight.#XXXXh# ##D##I##D#U##Ӏ# r $XXXXX   `   3    XXXXInterestingly,counselfortheappellantdoesnotdisputetheappellantscriminal  historyforthepurposeofsentenceenhancementpursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1).,  AZ"Arial Regular  $XXXXX   `   1    XXXXSeeTenn.CodeAnn.XXXX4035114(9)( #XXXX#XXXXThedefendantpossessedafirearm,  explosivedeviceorotherdeadlyweaponduringthecommissionoftheoffense.);Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(10)( Thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh.#XXXX#XXXX).#XXXXs#,  AZ"Arial Regular(c(2$ !  XX?XXX   `   0  (#$  0    $XXXXX   `   2    XXXXAlthoughweaffirmthetrialcourtsapplicationofenhancementfactor(5),wealso  notethetrialcourtwouldpresumablyhaveimposedthemaximumsentenceoncountstwoandthreeevenintheabsenceofthisfactor.Asnotedabove,thetrialcourtenhancedtheappellantssentencetothemaximumoftheappellantsrangebasedsolelyonenhancementfactors(1)and(8),whichalsoapplytocountstwoandthree.Theappellantdoesnotchallengetheapplicationoffactors(1)or(8),andwenoticenoerror.,  AZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial Regular,cAZ"Arial Regular  $XXXXX   `   2    XXXXAlthoughweaffirmthetrialcourtsapplicationofenhancementfactor(5),wealso  notethetrialcourtwouldpresumablyhaveimposedthemaximumsentenceoncountstwoandthreeevenintheabsenceofthisfactor.Asnotedabove,thetrialcourtenhancedtheappellantssentencetothemaximumoftheappellantsrangebasedsolelyonenhancementfactors(1)and(8),whichalsoapplytocountstwoandthree.Theappellantdoesnotchallengetheapplicationoffactors(1)or(8),andwenoticenoerror.,cAZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial Regular r $X XXXX   `   3    !XXXXInterestingly,counselfortheappellantdoesnotdisputetheappellantscriminal  historyforthepurposeofsentenceenhancementpursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1).  $XXXXX   `   1    XXXXԀSeeTenn.CodeAnn.XXXX4035114(9)( #XXXX#XXXXThedefendantpossessedafirearm,  explosivedeviceorotherdeadlyweaponduringthecommissionoftheoffense.);Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(10)( Thedefendanthadnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimewhentherisktohumanlifewashigh.#XXXX#XXXX).#XXXXu#,cAZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial Regular,cAZ"Arial Regular,cAZ"Arial Regular,  AZ"Arial Regular #X?XXX# X#X?   Ad FILED#X?X#   February8,1999CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular d &X?XXX& X&X?   Ad FILED&X?X&   February5,1999CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular$$$$'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ݛXX?XXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T H   #r%*<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxPX  rߛ##r"*<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxPX  r#####INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATNASHVILLENOVEMBER1998SESSION  `  `  4X 4V4STATEOFTENNESSEE, * )   !4 V74V! `  * )  C.C.A.No.01C019710CC00480    ` Appellee, * )    `  * )  MontgomeryCounty    `  * ) n  ' 4 V74 V7w'v. `  * )  HonorableRobertW.Wedemeyer,Judge  T   `  * )    :  `  * )  (AggravatedRobberyand   p CRAIGMICAHLEAK,  * )  AggravatedKidnapping) V  `  * ) ` Appellant. * ) ( 4c4 VFORTHEAPPELLANT: 7 FORTHEAPPELLEE: p GregoryD.Smith 7 JohnKnoxWalkup < #XRXXX?8#X?XXXROnePublicSquare,Suite321 7 AttorneyGeneral&Reporter "r Clarksville,TN37040(OnAppeal) 7 DouglasD.Himes >  7 #XRXXX?#X?XXXRAssistantAttorneyGeneral $ #XRXXX?#X?XXXRCharlesL.Johnson,II 7 425FifthAvenueNorth   #XRXXX? #X?XXXR508FranklinStreet 7 Nashville,TN372430493 !  Clarksville,TN37040(AtTrial) 7 JohnW.Carney,Jr. l#"  7 DistrictAttorneyGeneral 7 StevenGarrett 7 AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral 7 204FranklinStreet,Suite200 7 Clarksville,TN370403420 7 OPINIONFILED:_____________________________ AFFIRMEDINPART,VACATEDINPART,REMANDED J617  L.T.LAFFERT#XRXXX? #X?XXXRY,SENIORJUDGE  9R4: # H  7RXXdXXd7    H  7RXXdXXd7    H  7RXXdXXd7    H  7RXXdXXd7    H  7RXXdXXd7   ##XRXXX? # X?XXXR   4 D4c   :$6<  H  7RXXdXXd7   # H  763XXdd7   #AXX? @ OPINION   #X?XA|#w4 4 D   ` Theappellant,CraigMicahLeak,wasconvictedoftwocountsofaggravatedrobberyandonecountofaggravatedkidnapping.Thetrialcourtimposedconsecutivetwelveyearsentencesoneachcount,withareleaseeligibilityofthirtypercent.Theappellantchallengesthesesentences,arguingthat(1)thetrialcourtmisappliedcertainenhancementfactorsandhissentencesare,therefore,excessive;and(2)theorderofconsecutiveservicewasnotwarranted.Weaffirminpart,vacateinpart,andremandtothetrialcourtforfurtherproceedingsconsistentwiththisopinion. ` Thiscaseinvolvestwovictimsandtwoseparateincidents.X?XXX?Undercountone,the @ appellantwasconvictedoftheaggravatedrobberyofReginaGray#X?XXX?#.Theevidenceattrial   revealedthat,ontheeveningofJuly10,1995,Grayleftabaseballgameandreturnedtohervehicle,whichwasparkedinabankparkinglot.ImmediatelyafterGraygotinhercar,theappellant,brandishingapistol,approachedandorderedhertoexitthevehicle.TheappellantthenforcedGrayintosomeweedsbehindhervehicleanddemandedmoney.Shegavehimallthatshehad,approximatelyonedollarandseventyfivecents.Graywasnotseriouslyharmed. `  ` Oncountstwoandthree,respectively,theappellantwasconvictedoftheaggravatedrobberyandaggravatedkidnappingofKimberlyMessina.OnAugust28,1995,MessinaexitedInterstate24atanofframpnearClarksville,Tennessee.Whenshestoppedhervehicleattheendoftheofframp,theappellantopenedherpassengersidedoorandenteredthevehicle.Hewasarmedwithahandgun.HefirstorderedMessinaoutofthecar,thenchangedhismindandorderedhertodrive.Whileshedrove,theappellantrummagedthroughherpurseandtookeightdollars,awatch,andabracelet.HerepeatedlythreatenedMessina,and,whenshebegantocry,hestruckherintheheadwithhispistol.Messinacriedharder,andtheappellantstruckheragainandtoldherto shutthefup.Afewminuteslater,hehitherathirdtime.Messinatoldtheappellantthatshewasgoingtobesick,andhedirectedhertostopbutnottogetoutofthecar.Oncestopped,however,Messinaopenedherdoorandrolledoutofthevehicle.Shethenran 905; toanearbyservicestationforhelp.Beforefleeing,theappellantwroteX?XXX? Illfindyou#X?XXX?##onthe  windshieldofMessinasvehiclewithherlipstick.XXXX ` TheappellantwassentencedasaRangeIoffendertotwelveyearsincarcerationforeachofthethreeoffenses,withallsentencestorunconsecutively.Hiseffectivesentenceis,therefore,thirtysixyears.Aggravatedrobberyandaggravatedkidnappingare#XXXX#XXXXbothClassBfelonies,seeTenn.CodeAnn.#XXXX#XXXX3913304(b)(1)#XXXXc#XXXX,3913402(b),#XXXX#XXXXandcarry x  aRangeIsentenceofeighttotwelveyears,see#XXXX#XXXXԀTenn.CodeAnn.4035112(2).#XXXX#XXXXԀ#XXXX#XXXXԀThe D  presumptivesentenceforaClassBfelonyistheminimumsentenceintherange,absentenhancementormitigatingfactors.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210(c).#XXXXD#XXXXԀ ,  ` Attheappellantssentencinghearing,thetrialcourtfoundtwoenhancementfactorsapplicabletoallcounts:theappellanthasahistoryofcriminalconvictionsorcriminalbehaviorinadditiontothosenecessarytoestablishtheappropriaterangeandtheappellanthasahistoryofunwillingnesstocomplywiththeconditionsofasentenceinvolvingreleaseinthecommunity.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(1),(8).Inaddition,  thetrialcourtfoundthattheappellanttreatedMessinawithexceptionalcrueltyandappliedthatenhancementtocountstwoandthree.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(5).#XXXXF#XXXXThe <#" trialcourtfoundnomitigatingfactors,andtheappellantsuggestsnonehere.Finally,thetrialcourtfoundthattheappellanthasanextensiverecordofcriminalactivityandthatheisadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleornoregardforhumanlife,andnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichtherisktohumanlifeishigh.SeeTenn. l*%* CodeAnn.4035115#XXXX7#XXXX(2),(4).Basedonthesefindings,thetrialcourtenhancedthe 8,', appellantssentencesoneachcounttotheRangeImaximumoftwelveyearsand#XXXX2!#XXXXordered .T). allsentencestorunconsecutively.#XXXX"#XXXXOnthisappeal,theappellantarguesthatthese / +0 sentencesareexcessiveandthatconse#XXXX"#XXXXcutivesentencingwasnotwarranted. 1,2  ` Whenanaccusedchallengesthelengthormannerofserviceofasentence,itisthedutyofthisCourttoconductadenovoreviewontherecord withapresumptionthatthe 7P28 determinationsmadebythecourtfromwhichtheappealistakenarecorrect.Tenn.Code 84: Ann.4035401(d).Thispresumption isconditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991). H  ` Inconductingadenovoreviewofasentence,thisCourtmustconsider(1)the  0 evidence,ifany,receivedatthetrialandthesentencinghearing;(2)thepresentencereport;(3)theprinciplesofsentencingandargumentsastosentencingalternatives;(4)thenatureandcharacteristicsofthecriminalconductinvolved;(5)anystatutorymitigatingorenhancementfactors;(6)anystatementmadebytheaccusedinhisownbehalf;and(7)thepotentialorlackorpotentialforrehabilitationortreatment.SeeTenn.CodeAnn. , 4035102,103,210;Statev.Smith,735S.W.2d859,863(Tenn.Crim.App.1987).The  appellantcarriestheburdenofshowingthathissentenceisimproper.See#XXXXJ##XXXXԀTenn.Code t Ann.4035401(d)#XXXXY)#XXXXSentencingCommission#XXXX)#XXXXԀ#XXXX)*#XXXXComments#XXXXl*#XXXX;#XXXX*#XXXXStatev.Jernigan,929S.W.2d @ 391,395(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).#XXXX*#XXXXԀ#XXXX+#XXXX  \   SENTENCEENHANCEMENT   , ` Theappellantdoesnotchallengetheapplicabilityofenhancementfactors(1)or(8).Instead,theappellantbeginsbyvigorouslyarguingthatenhancementfactors(9)and(10)#### #  1      כ %d $ shouldnothaveapplied.#XXXX+#XXXXWeagree;butthen,sodidthetrialjudge.Contrarytothe &0"& assertionsofcounsel,thetrialcourtdidnotenhancetheappellantssentencepursuanttoeitherfactor(9)or(10).Tothecontrary,thetrialjudgespecificallystated, [i]twouldbeerrorformetoconsiderthemasenhancingfactors.#XXXX-#XXXX ` Oftheenhancementfactorsactuallyapplied,theappellantchallengesonlythetrialcourtsfindingthattheappellanttreatedthevictimwithexceptionalcruelty.Hearguesthatthatfactorshouldnotapplybecause(1)theevidencedoesnotsupportthatheinfact t3.4 treatedMessina#XXXXs/#XXXXԀwithexceptionalcruelty,and(2) evenifhedid,saidactwouldterrorize  thevictim,whichisanelementoftheoffenseofaggravatedkidnapping. ` Whenreviewingtheapplicationofthisenhancementfactor,webeganouranalysiswiththe trialcourtshouldstatewhatactionsofthedefendant,apartfromtheelementsoftheoffense,constitutedexceptionalcruelty.Statev.Poole,945S.W.2d93,98(Tenn.    1997)(quotingStatev.Goodwin,909S.W.2d35,45(Tenn.Crim.App.1995)).Inthe x  presentcase,thetrialcourtfoundthatthevictim,Ms.Messina,wasbasicallyterrorizedbytheappellantforthirtytofortyfiveminutes.Forthisfactortobeappropriate,therecordmustreflectcruelty overandabovethatinherentlyattendanttothecrimeofwhichthedefendantisconvicted.Statev.Embry,915S.W.2d451,456(Tenn.Crim.App.1995),  per.app.denied(Tenn.1996).Thisenhancementfactormaybeapplicableinconvictions t foraggravatedrobberyandaggravatedkidnapping.Poole,945S.W.2dat9899(holding @ thisfactorapplicabletoespeciallyaggravatedrobberywhereelderlywomanwasbeatenunconsciouswithbaseballbat);Statev.Kern,909S.W.2d5,7(Tenn.Crim.App.1993), ( per.app.denied(Tenn.1994)(holdingthisfactorapplicableinespeciallyaggravated  kidnappingandespeciallyaggravatedrobberycasewherevictimwassubjectedtorepeatedsexualremarksandforcedtoremoveherclothingatknifepoint);Statev.Carter, <#" 908S.W.2d410,41213(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1995)(holdingthis %X $ factorapplicableinespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingandaggravatedrobberycasewheretheunclothedvictimwasleftoutsideinfreezingweather);butseeEmbry,915S.W.2dat (#( 456(rejectingthisfactorwhererapevictimwasforcedatknifepointtoremoveherclothingandsubjectedtosexualacts);Manningv.State,883S.W.2d635,639(Tenn.Crim.App. 8,', 1994)(rejectingthisfactorwherethevictimwasabductedindaylightandforcedintofourseparateactsofsexualactivitywhilebeingheldatknifepoint);Statev.IvoryThomas,No. / +0 02C019705CR00179,1998WL195953at*34(Tenn.Crim.App.,Jackson,April24,1998)(rejectingthisfactorwhereelderlyvictimwasstruckinheadwithpistolandhercarwasstolen).  7P28  ` WebelievethefactsinthisrecordestablishtheappellantdidtreatMs.Messinawith crueltybeyondanyconductrequisitetohisoffenses.Duringthistentofifteenminuteride,theappellantrepeatedlystruckMessinaintheheadwithhisgunandrepeatedlythreatenedherbothduringthekidnappingandhersubsequentescape,i.e.,thenote,Illfindyou,  d writtenbytheappellantonthewindshieldofthevictimscarwiththevictimslipstick.Theappellantarguesthatthetrialcourtsfindingof terrorizethevictimwasanelementoftheoffenseofaggravatedkidnapping.However,wenotetheindictmentallegesthekidnappingwasaggravatedbytheuseofadeadlyweapon,Tenn.CodeAnn.#XXXX0#XXXX#XXXX>#XXXXԀ3913304(5),andnot D  bytheintenttoinflictseriousbodilyinjuryonortoterrorizethevictimoranother,Tenn.CodeAnn.#XXXXA?#XXXX#XXXX@#XXXXԀ3913304(3). D  ` Therefore,althoughourreviewisdenovo,thedecisionofthetrialcourtispresumed  correct,andtheappellanthasfailedtocarryhisburdenofshowingthathissentencesareimproper.#XXXX]@#XXXXԀ X #XXXXA#XXXX ` Theappellantssecondargumentislikewisewithoutmerit.Although theintentto $ ...terrorizethevictimcanbeanelementoftheoffense,Tenn.CodeAnn.3913304(3),#XXXXB#XXXX !  itwasnot#XXXX&C#XXXXrelieduponintheinstantcasetochargeandfindaggravatedkidnapping. l#" Rather,theelementrelieduponbythestatewastheappellantspossessionandthreateneduseofadeadlyweapon.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3913304(5).Thus,the 'T"& appellantsactsofcrueltywereclearlynotthe veryfactswhich#constitutedaggra###f###vatedkidnapping.##madethecrimesaggravated.#SeeManning,883S.W.2dat639.#### #  2       *%* #XXXXC# `    4.). CONSECUTIVESENTENCING sF ` Theappellantnextarguesthatthetrialcourterredinorderinghissentencestobeservedconsecutively.TennesseeCodeAnnotated4035115(b)providesthatasentencingcourtmayorderconsecutivesentencinguponfindinganyoneofseveralenumeratedcriteriabyapreponderanceoftheevidence.Inthepresentcase,thetrialcourtfoundtwoofthesecriteria:(1)theappellantisanoffenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensiveand(2)heisadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleornoregardforhumanlife,andnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichtherisktohumanlifeishigh.XXXXSeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(2)#XXXXJI#,(4). 8  ` Theappellantchallengesonlythetrialcourtsfindingthattheappellanthasanextensivecriminalrecord.Counselfortheappellantassertsthat [theappellant]hasno L convictions.(emphasisadded).#### #  3      כCounselsassertionisabsurd.Athissentencing h hearing,theappellantadmittedhehadbeenconvictedofseveralcrimes,includingtheftunder$500;manufacturing,selling,ordeliveringcocaine;andother,albeitrelativelyminor,offenses.Theappellantspresentencereportlistsadditionalconvictions#.########,aswellasatleasttwelveadditionalarrests#XXXX#thatareeither |!  simply |!  designatedas |!  dismissedorto |!  whichthestate |!  enteredanolle |!  ##prosequi##.##XXXXM##  #  4      ׀#Thus,wefind |!  noerrorinthetrialcourtsfindingthattheappellanthasanextensiverecordofcriminalactivity. ` Moreover,asnotedabove,theappellantdoesnotchallengethetrialcourtsfindingthatheXXXXisadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleornoregardforhumanlife, x*%* andnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhichtherisktohumanlifeishigh.#XXXXO#XXXXSee D,', Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(#XXXXP#XXXX4).#XXXX$Q#ԀBecauseatrialcourtneedonlyfindoneofthe .`). statutoryalternativesinordertoimposeconsecutivesentencing,eveniftheappellanthad#  t3.4 #nocriminalhistorywhatsoever,consecutivesentencingwouldbewarranted.Thisissue iswithoutmerit.  RELEASEELIGIBILITY   d  @ R ` Finally,boththestateandtheappellantcalltoourattentionthetrialcourtsentryofathirtypercentreleaseeligibilityfortheappellantsconvictiononcountthree,aggravatedkidnapping.TheTennesseeLegislaturehasmandatedthatsentencesforaggravatedkidnappingscommittedonorafterJuly1,1995beservedatonehundredpercent.See l XXXXTenn.CodeAnn.4035501(I)(1),(I)(2)(D).#XXXXT#ԀTheappellantskidnappingwascommitted 8 onAugust28,1995.Therefore,athirtypercentreleaseeligibilityisimproper. ` Wevacatetheappellantssentenceastocountthree,aggravatedkidnapping,andremandthisconvictionforthetrialcourttoenteranorderreflectingtheappellantsreleaseeligibilityatonehundredpercent.   4 4  `   ______________________________________ 4 4 N  `   XXXXL.T.LAFFERTY#XXXX4W#,SeniorJudge .$~# CONCUR:򀀀(NotParticipating) ^+&+ PAULG.SUMMERS,Judge__________________________________JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE