ÿWPCé @U9 qÉðÆïÈÄá×OŠŸž>@틃§¹2­»s‹YëeÌžro÷µA~¥W_»HûfŸÑ)Ç“ôˆ=/©#À¥:„ÎÚIÑHC]'x½ß©ýÙ|š?|z¯9€°÷PzÓÉXÓ"ε"ôÀˆ(‹ÄÔEæƒ1£ R$’.>!Ý„ÉUNaÈ·…ÚˆC›hF­"Ú¢ÜI¶{]`Úîñþ~âUö¥0NÉÈòîÏpDù‚Bßæ;”Û>>û`*¤­xaRËÙ÷sr™ S:ëÁŽ\2„-ç~wÝ—ŸÏž] ËoE›×±ÿzËÓNÍüƒ®ʋ Mêä)JN«ËûWêxOó¨]2$"™:|èwã‰áa»2»y;luøK榾ڧØ`š&ÉI|!.úv‡ô~‰=8åêÁøž°|€Ø©ä­˜ßùŸ«j”³¸ÿºÊ5…e/sâºuø™¡¤½eOäúß`Ø;éßìK Ïõ çf¸—ÎdŽþX’ ˆÁï\ÛµD̼ɽ~È€¸È”Üß'EHØÚ^|k;¬U ݼ3 Ñ ä]ÂyZHë_pÇëêFZÏLq(à`pнä†ÇMßeß¿P{Âå@¹™ÑTgm—S4U2…ï…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ LÍ U: bS w@[ 4› ¯ 0ƾ 0D„ “È í[ 0HU:xÖ²ˆæU:vvvvvvvvvvv B°°°°°°°°°°° D3ÍÍÍ 0D AODÆ““ 0DY D/ B̘HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- <E=>P?@ADBECDDEÓ€uM%3|xN(v(2Ð$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X؈XXXÔÔ€ô'¾ôXX؈Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ‰Ý ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIt€appears€that€the€trial€court€never€formally€ruled€on€the€objection. ãÝ ƒ {ÿ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XÙXXXÔÔ€ôgÛôXXÙÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIt€appears€that€the€trial€court€never€formally€ruled€on€the€objection. &Ý ƒ {ÿ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XÙXXXÔÔ€ôgÛôXXÙÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€1996,€Rule€701(a)€was€amended€to€read€as€follows:Ð `  Ðà0 ` àGenerally.€€If€a€witness€is€not€testifying€as€an€expert,€the€witnessððs€testimony€in€the€form€ofÏopinions€or€inferences€is€limited€to€those€opinions€or€inferences€which€areÐ ` €%` €% Ðà0 ` àà0¸ ` €%` €%à(1)€rationally€based€on€the€perception€of€the€witness€andÐ ¸ €%¸ €% Ðà0 ` àà0¸ ` €%` €%à(2)€helpful€to€a€clear€understanding€of€the€witnessððs€testimony€or€the€determination€of€aÏfact€in€issue.€€Ð ¸ €%¸ €% ÐTenn.€R.€Evid.€701(a).€€Our€decision€would€be€the€same€under€either€version€of€the€Rule.ÌÌ€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÌÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€1996,€Rule€701(a)€was€amended€to€read€as€follows:Ð `  Ðà0  àGenerally.€€If€a€witness€is€not€testifying€as€an€expert,€the€witnessððs€testimony€in€the€formÏof€opinions€or€inferences€is€limited€to€those€opinions€or€inferences€which€areÐ (#(# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#à(1)€rationally€based€on€the€perception€of€the€witness€andÐ ` (#` (# Ðà0  àà0` (#(#à(2)€helpful€to€a€clear€understanding€of€the€witnessððs€testimony€or€theÏdetermination€of€a€fact€in€issue.€€Ð ` (#` (# ÐTenn.€R.€Evid.€701(a).€€Our€decision€would€be€the€same€under€either€version€of€the€Rule.ÌÌ€ ÜÔ€X؈XXXÔÔ€¬ XX؈ÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X؈X ¬ÔÐ  ÐÌApril€20,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñEñ›ñEñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Š‚•ŠXXÔÔ€ŠàŠŠŠ‚•ÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€vlXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñEñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` 8ttxP,` ð  rß›ñEñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJANUARY€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€œ0ñBñ3ñBññCñ1ñCñC01„9702„CR„00068›Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó ó)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ Xø  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€THOMAS€H.€SHRIVERó óÐ Xø  Ðò òSHAWN€D.€LESLEY,ó óà h àà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ Xø Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  à(Direct€Appeal€„€Second€Degree€à (# àÐ Xø Ðà ` àœñ>ñà ¸ àñ>ñ›à  àà h àà À à)à  àMurder)Ð Xø Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 8Ø ÐÌF.€MICHIE€GIBSON,€JR.à À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ (!È Ð1416€Parkway€Towersà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  "À Ð404€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌNashville,€TN€€37219à h àà À àà  àLISA€A.€NAYLORÐ $° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àVICTOR€S.€JOHNSONÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOHN€ZIMMERMANNÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222€2nd€Avenue,€No.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37201ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÐ  p7./ ÐÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡„³—„ŠŠàÔOPINIONóóó óÔ#†ŠàŠ„„³— #ÔÐ `  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓò òÌà ` àó óOn€November€15,€1995,€a€Davidson€County€jury€convicted€AppellantÐ ¼ \ ÐShawn€D.€Lesley€of€second€degree€murder.€€On€February€29,€1996,€the€trialÏcourt€sentenced€Appellant€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€a€term€of€twentyÏyears.€€Appellant€filed€a€motion€for€a€new€trial€on€March€28,€1996,€and€anÏamended€motion€for€a€new€trial€on€September€6,€1996.€€The€trial€court€deniedÏthe€motion€for€a€new€trial€on€October€4,€1996.€€Appellant€challenges€hisÏconviction,€raising€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓà0 ` à1)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€to€introduceÏphotographs€of€the€victimððs€hands€into€evidence;€andÐ ` T$` T$ Ðà0 ` à2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€a€witness€for€the€State€toÏtestify€about€Appellantððs€demeanor€at€the€time€that€Appellant€took€theÏvictim€to€the€hospital.Ð ` T$` T$ ÐÌÓ¤ÓAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ÑÑ*®àò òI.€€FACTSó óˆÐ ü$œ ÐÌà ` àSteven€Cernawsky€testified€that€he€was€working€as€a€nurse€in€theÏemergency€room€of€Metro€General€Hospital€on€March€23,€1993,€whenÏAppellant€entered€the€hospital€carrying€fifteen„month„old€Laura€Waters.€€WhenÏAppellant€handed€him€the€child,€Cernawsky€noticed€that€she€was€not€breathingÏand€he€immediately€attempted€to€resuscitate€her.€€Although€Cernawsky€beganÏperforming€C.P.R.€when€he€determined€that€Laura€had€no€pulse,€Laura€did€notÏregain€consciousness.€Ìâ âÐ |6-. Ðà ` àCernawsky€also€testified€that€he€observed€that€Laura€had€some€bruisingÏâ âon€her€forehead€and€had€burns€on€her€hands.€€Cernawsky€then€identifiedÏsome€photographs€of€Lauraððs€hands€and€the€photographs€were€introduced€intoÏevidence€without€objection.€€The€prosecutor€then€asked€Cernawsky€if€he€couldÏdescribe€Appellantððs€demeanor€when€Appellant€handed€Laura€to€him.€ÏAppellantððs€counsel€then€objected€on€the€ground€that€Cernawsky€was€not€aÏpsychologist€who€was€qualified€to€give€an€opinion€about€AppellantððsÏdemeanor.€€The€trial€court€then€stated€that€it€would€reserve€ruling€on€theÏobjection€until€after€it€heard€Cernawskyððs€response.ñ:ñ׃×ñ:ññ:ñ׃ ×ñ:ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Cernawsky€then€testifiedÐ à€ Ðthat€ð ð[Appellant]€walked€up€to€the€desk.€€I€was€sitting€there€charting,€and€heÏstood€there€with€the€child.€€I€looked€up€and€asked€if€I€could€help€him.€€And€heÏjust€handed€me€.€.€.€the€child€calmly.€€And€.€.€.€thatððs€when€he€said€to€me€thatÏshe€had€fallen€and€was€having€trouble€breathing.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àDoctor€Olayinka€Onadeko€testified€that€he€had€treated€Laura€in€theÏemergency€room€on€March€23,€1993.€€Although€Doctor€Onadeko€and€othersÏperformed€C.P.R.€for€almost€twenty„five€minutes,€the€child€did€not€resumeÏbreathing.€€When€Doctor€Onadeko€asked€Appellant€about€the€circumstancesÏof€Lauraððs€death,€Appellant€stated€that€Laura€had€fallen€down€some€steps€andÏhad€stopped€breathing€before€they€got€to€the€hospital.€€Doctor€Onadeko€thenÏtestified€that€Appellantððs€explanation€was€inconsistent€with€Lauraððs€injuries€andÏher€death€from€a€head€injury.€€Doctor€Onadeko€also€testified€that€Laura€hadÏunusual€second€or€third€degree€burns€on€her€hands€and€he€then€identified€theÏphotographs€that€showed€the€burns.€ÌÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àDoctor€Julia€Goodin€testified€by€video€taped€deposition€that€she€hadÏperformed€an€autopsy€on€Laura€and€had€determined€that€the€cause€of€deathÏwas€ð ðmultiple€head€traumaðð€that€was€consistent€with€multiple€blows€to€the€headÏor€violent€œshakingñ<ññ;ñ€ñ;ññ<ñ.ñ=ñ€€ñ=ñDoctor›€Goodin€also€identified€the€photographs€of€LauraððsÏhands€and€testified€that€the€burn€injuries€were€inconsistent€with€AppellantððsÏstatement€to€the€police€that€Laura€had€pulled€herself€up€the€stairs€by€grabbingÏthe€handrail€because€it€would€have€been€too€painful€for€Laura€to€hold€on€to€theÏhandrail.€ò òÐ ð  ÐÌà ` àó óDetective€Ron€Carter€of€the€Metro€Police€Department€testified€thatÐ à€ ÐAppellant€had€given€a€statement€in€which€he€claimed€that€Laura€had€injuredÏherself€when€she€fell€down€some€stairs.€€Detective€Carter€subsequently€videoÏtaped€a€reenactment€by€Appellant€of€how€Laura€allegedly€climbed€up€someÏstairs€by€holding€on€to€the€handrail€and€then€fell€down€the€stairs.ÌÌà ` àDetective€E.J.€Bernard€of€the€Metro€Police€Department€testified€thatÏAppellant€gave€a€subsequent€statement€in€which€he€admitted€that€Laura€hadÏnot€fallen€down€the€stairs.€€Detective€Bernard€also€testified€that€Appellant€hadÏadmitted€that€he€had€been€angry€and€he€had€taken€his€anger€out€on€Laura€byÏshaking€her€very€hard€and€throwing€Laura€ð ðfor€a€flipðð€four€times.€ÌÌà ` àAppellant€testified€that€Laura€had€been€climbing€up€some€stairs€whenÏher€hand€slipped€off€the€rail€and€she€fell€backwards.€€Appellant€also€testifiedÏthat€after€Laura€fell,€he€picked€her€up€and€ran€to€the€hospital.€€AppellantÏtestified€that€when€he€was€subsequently€taken€to€police€headquarters,ÏDetective€Carter€pointed€a€gun€at€his€head€and€told€him€that€if€he€ð ðmess[ed]Ð à9€02 Ðupðð€he€was€going€to€die.€€Appellant€testified€that€at€this€point,€he€decided€toÏmake€up€a€story€about€how€he€had€beaten€Laura€and€tossed€her€in€the€air.€€ÌÌà@¿ ¿ ®àò òII.€€INTRODUCTION€OF€PHOTOGRAPHSó óˆÐ 0Ð ÐÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€toÏintroduce€the€photographs€of€Lauraððs€burned€hands€into€evidence.€ÏSpecifically,€Appellant€claims€that€the€photographs€were€not€relevant€to€anyÏissue€in€the€case€and€thus,€their€probative€value€was€substantially€outweighedÏby€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.ÌÌà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€Appellant€has€waived€this€issue€by€failing€to€objectÏto€the€introduction€of€the€photographs€at€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698Ð ° P ÐS.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985)€(stating€that€the€failure€of€a€defendant€to€timelyÏobject€to€the€introduction€of€evidence€is€a€waiver€of€appellate€review€of€theÏissue);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a)€(ð ðNothing€in€this€rule€shall€be€construed€asÏrequiring€relief€be€granted€to€a€party€responsible€for€an€error€or€who€failed€toÏtake€whatever€action€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€the€harmfulÏeffect€of€an€error.ðð).€ÌÌà ` à€Notwithstanding€the€waiver,€we€conclude€that€Appellant€is€not€entitledÏto€relief€on€the€merits.€€Rule€403€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€statesÏthatÌÓÓà0 ` àAlthough€relevant,€evidence€may€be€excluded€if€its€probative€value€isÏsubstantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice,€confusion€ofÏthe€issues,€or€misleading€the€jury,€or€by€considerations€of€undue€delay,Ïâ âwaste€of€time,€or€needless€presentation€of€cumulative€evidence.Ðè8ˆ/1` T$` T$ ÐÓ'ÓTenn.€R.€Evid.€403.€€The€determination€of€whether€to€admit€photographs€fallsÏâ âwithin€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€the€trial€courtððs€decision€willÏnot€be€overturned€unless€there€has€been€a€clear€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.Ð @ à ÐZirkleóó,€901€S.W.2d€874,€888€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð 0Ð ÐÌà ` àIn€this€case,€the€photographs€of€Lauraððs€burned€hands€have€obviousÏrelevance€to€the€issue€of€whether€Laura€was€killed€by€Appellant€or€whetherÏshe€died€as€the€result€of€an€accident.€€In€both€his€pre„trial€statements€to€policeÏand€his€testimony€at€trial,€Appellant€claimed€that€Laura€had€been€injured€whenÏshe€fell€down€some€stairs€after€she€walked€up€the€stairs€while€holding€on€to€theÏhandrail.€€Doctor€Goodin€testified€that€Appellantððs€claim€was€inconsistent€withÏthe€burn€wounds€on€Lauraððs€hands.€€Specifically,€Doctor€Goodin€testified€thatÏLaura€would€have€experienced€a€lot€of€pain€when€she€touched€something€andÏthus,€she€would€not€have€held€on€to€the€handrail€to€pull€herself€up€the€stairs.€ÏThe€photographs€were€introduced€in€order€to€illustrate€Doctor€GoodinððsÏtestimony.€€This€was€a€proper€purpose.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2dÐ p& Ð530,€542€(Tenn.€1994)€(stating€that€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€whenÏit€admitted€a€photograph€of€a€corpse€to€illustrate€the€testimony€of€a€policeÏdetective).€€Finally,€we€have€viewed€the€photographs€and€while€they€areÏœñ?ñcertainlñ?ññ@ñyñ@ññ?ñ›somewhatñ?ñ›€œunpleasantñAñ€to›€look›€atñAñ,›€they€are€not€particularly€gruesome.€€Thus,€we€concludeÏthat€the€probative€value€of€the€photographs€was€not€substantially€outweighedÏby€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€notÏabuse€its€discretion€when€it€admitted€the€photographs€into€evidence.€€ThisÏissue€has€no€merit.ÌÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà@P P ®àò òIII.€€TESTIMONY€ABOUT€APPELLANTððS€DEMEANORó óˆÐ `  ÐÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€CernawskyÏto€testify€that€when€Appellant€entered€the€emergency€room,€Appellant€ð ðcalmlyððÏhanded€Laura€to€him.€€Specifically,€Appellant€claims€that€this€was€errorÏbecause€Cernawsky€was€not€an€expert€who€was€qualified€to€give€his€opinionÏthat€Appellant€was€calm.ÌÌà ` àAt€the€time€that€Appellant€was€tried€in€November€of€1995,€Rule€701€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€provided,€in€pertinent€part:ÌÓÓà0 ` àGenerally.€€If€the€witness€is€not€testifying€as€an€expert,€the€witnessððsÏtestimony€in€the€form€of€opinions€or€inferences€is€limited€to€thoseÏopinions€or€inferences€where:Ð ` T$` T$ Ðà ` àà0 ¸ à(1)€The€opinions€and€inferences€do€not€require€a€specialÏknowledge,€skill,€experience,€or€training;Ð ¸ T$¸ T$ Ðà ` àà0 ¸ à(2)€The€witness€cannot€readily€and€with€equal€accuracy€andÏadequacy€communicate€what€the€witness€has€perceived€to€theÏtrier€of€fact€without€testifying€in€terms€of€opinions€or€inferences;€ÏandÐ ¸ T$¸ T$ Ðà ` àà0 ¸ à(3)€The€opinions€or€inferences€will€not€mislead€the€trier€of€fact€toÏthe€prejudice€of€the€objecting€party.€€Ð ¸ T$¸ T$ ÐÌÓ*2ÓTenn.€R.€Evid.€701(a).ñ:ñ׃×ñ:ññ:ñ׃×ñ:ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€hold€that€Cernawskyððs€use€of€the€word€ð ðcalmlyðð€toÐ p(  Ðdescribe€Appellantððs€demeanor€satisfies€the€requirements€of€this€rule.€€First,€noÏð ðspecial€€knowledge,€skill,€experience,€or€trainingðð€is€required€to€form€anÏopinion€that€someone€acted€ð ðcalmlyðð€because€such€an€opinion€is€within€theÏrange€of€common€experience.€€Second,€we€conclude€that€Cernawsky€couldÏnot€have€as€ð ðreadily€and€with€equal€accuracy€and€adequacyðð€explained€hisÐ  2À(* Ðinteractions€with€and€observations€of€Appellant€if€he€had€not€used€the€termÏð ðcalmly.ðð€€The€Advisory€Commission€Comments€to€Rule€701€state€that€ÌÓÓà0 ` àIn€situations€where€a€witness€ð ðcannot€readily€and€with€equal€accuracyÏand€adequacyðð€testify€without€an€opinion,€the€witness€may€stateÏopinions€requiring€no€expertise.€€Consequently,€a€lay€witness€may€testifyÏthat€a€person€was€ð ðdrunkðð€or€that€a€car€was€traveling€ð ðfast.ððÐ ` T$` T$ ÐÌÓW8ÓTenn.€R.€Evid.€701,€Advisory€Commission€Comments.€€We€can€see€noÏdifference€between€giving€an€opinion€that€someone€was€ð ðdrunkðð€or€travelingÏð ðfastðð€and€giving€an€opinion€that€someone€appeared€to€act€ð ðcalmly.ðð€€Finally,Ïwe€do€not€believe€that€Cernawskyððs€use€of€the€word€ð ðcalmlyðð€misled€the€jury€toÏthe€prejudice€of€Appellant.€€This€issue€has€no€merit.ÌÌà ` àAccordingly,€the€œjudgñDñeñDñment›€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.ÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE