WPC/ oG?J#sȣ?"fy׾Ӓe>IfP0Yu(V$S q&%3>y@7RZ|#8La| & H#V}daї'v F̯fܽQV;(;+#(:q5$g6=5%!_¼:BrH7q!y0yQGob5+W"JUn'q9D[ގ~vt=ww~ (&54_e)| ,wl<8)d "t[kd}$9͌qK*Vs LoCJDww wpDЗؒA=(N2q%Ln(|2\ 66/4  JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS, Judge?  :39  ,TR[A' Legal[A' LegalA' LegalA' LegalT   X  X#jXX*# 4 !j   OPINION #j ! 4#X*Xj   XY#jXX*#X*XjThedefendant,JeffreyB.Lindemeyer,pleadedguiltytosellingwithina $ H schoolzoneaScheduleIVcontrolledsubstanceandbetween0.5ofanounceandtenpoundsofaScheduleVIcontrolledsubstance.ThedefendantwassentencedasaRangeIoffender.TheScheduleIVviolationconstitutedaClassCfelony,andtheScheduleVIviolationconstitutedaClassDfelony.  #  1      ׀Although Tx  thedefendantmettheminimumeligibilityrequirementsforCommunityCorrections,thetrialcourtdeterminedthattheDrugFreeSchoolZoneAct(SchoolZoneAct)requiredincarcerationforatleasttheminimumsentenceandthereforeimposedathreeyearsentencefortheClassCoffense#jXX*^#X*XjԀandatwoyear  sentencefortheClassDoffense,tobeservedconcurrentlyforaneffectivesentenceofthreeyearsintheDepartmentofCorrection.Thedefendantappeals,assertingthattheSchoolZoneActdoesnotprecludeCommunityCorrections,inlieuofincarceration,forthemandatoryminimumsentence.WeAFFIRMthetrialcourtssentence. L#p   X  BACKGROUND  %<" m X_ThedefendantpleadedguiltytotwofelonyviolationsoftheTennesseeDrugControlAct.Bothoffensesoccurredwithina schoolzoneasdefinedbytheSchoolZoneAct.ThedefendantmettheminimumeligibilityrequirementsforaCommunityCorrectionssentence,andthetrialcourtwouldhaveimposedsuchsentencebutfortheSchoolZoneAct. /*.  X  ANALYSIS  1+0 F X8SincenolocatedcaseaddressestheSchoolZoneActinanycontext,thisappealpresentsacaseoffirstimpression.#jXX*#X*XjԀ#jXX*.#X*XjThefactsarenotindispute. \5/4  #jXX*q#X*Xj (7L16 : ,   ThedefendantassertsthattheSchoolZoneActdidnotbarhisreceiving aCommunityCorrectionssentenceandmaintainsthattheCCA,enactedin1985,requiredthetrialcourttoconsidersuchsentencing: L     4 XAnoffenderwhomeetsallofthefollowingminimumcriteriashallbeconsideredeligibleforpunishmentinthecommunityundertheprovisionsof[theCCA]...:Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionof 80 lawtothecontrary,thecourtisauthorizedtosentenceaneligibledefendantasdefinedinthissectiontoanyappropriatecommunitybasedalternativetoincarcerationprovidedinaccordancewiththetermsofthischapter;andundersuchadditionaltermsand   conditionsasthecourtmayprescribe,inlieuofincarcerationinastatepenalinstitutionorlocaljailorworkhouse.4 p~ X XTenn.CodeAnn.4036106(a),(e)(1)(emphasisadded).#jXX*#X*Xj NF  Xp#jXX*#X*Xj  ЀThetrialcourt,however,concludedthattheSchoolZoneActrequiredincarcerationforatleasttheminimumsentencewithintherangefortheoffenses.TheSchoolZoneAct,enactedin1995,establishes thegroundsorfacilitiesofanyschoolorwithinonethousandfeet(1,000')oftherealpropertythatcomprisesapublicorprivateelementaryschool,middleschoolorsecondaryschool...asadrugfreezone.Tenn.CodeAnn.3917432(b).ThestatutethenraisesthefelonyoffensegradeforviolationsofTennesseeCodeAnnotated X3917417(  #  2      ׀byonestep.#jXX*G#X*XjSeeTenn.CodeAnn.3917432(b).Interpretation z&r# ofsubsequentlanguageisthecruxofthisdispute: X 4 XNotwithstandinganyotherprovisionoflaworthesentenceimposedbythecourttothecontrary,adefendantsentencedforaviolationofsubsection(b)shallberequiredtoserveatleastthe +$) minimumsentenceforsuchdefendantsappropriaterangeofsentence. -&+ 4  !! X-! .',  XTenn.CodeAnn.3917432(c)(emphasisadded). Thedefendantproposesthatmandatoryserviceofaminimumsentencedoesnotnecessarilyentailincarcerationforthattermbutmayinclude 5.4 CommunityCorrections,especiallysincetheCCArequiresconsiderationofsuchalternativesentencingifadefendantmeetstheminimumeligibilitycriteria. X" XHealsonotesthattheSchoolZoneActspecificallyprohibitsreleaseeligibilitystatusorparole,seeTenn.CodeAnn.3917432(d),oractionbyeitherthe l d governorsofficeorbytheboardofprobationandparole,seeTenn.CodeAnn. 80 3917432(e),fromprematurelyreleasingadefendantfromservingtheminimumsentence.ThedefendantcontraststheseexplicitlyarticulatedproscriptionsagainsttheabsenceofanysimilarlanguageaddressingtheCCA. Xs$ h` ЀThedefendantsappeal,predicatedonanallegedconflictbetweentheActs,presentsanissueofstatutoryconstruction.Courtsmustconstruestatutesastheyfindthem,seeWattsv.PutnamCounty,525S.W.2d488,494(Tenn.  1975),andmustgranttheirfullestpossibleeffect,neitherundulyrestrictingthemnorexpandingthembeyondintendedscope.SeeWilsonv.JohnsonCounty, d\ 879S.W.2d807,809(Tenn.1994).The cardinalruleofstatutoryconstruction istoascertainandgiveeffecttotheintentandpurposeoftheLegislation[sic]inrelationtothesubjectmatterofthelegislation...,Rippethv.Connelly,447 #  S.W.2d380,381(Tenn.Ct.App.1969),andtheintentandpurposeofthelegislationisexpressedby thenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageused,whenreadinthecontextoftheentireactorstatute,withoutanyforcedorsubtleconstructiontolimitorexpend[sic]theimportofthatlanguage.Oliverv. *#( King,612S.W.2d152,153(Tenn.1981).Therefore,whenconstruingstatutes ,%* thisCourthasa dutytoreconcileinconsistentorrepugnantprovisionsofastatutetoconstrueastatutesothatnopartwillbeinoperative[,]superfluous,voidorinsignificant.Effectmustbegiventoeveryword,phrase,clauseandsentenceoftheactinordertoachievethelegislativeintent.... Dingmanv. 3,2 Harvell,814S.W.2d362,366(Tenn.Ct.App.1991). 5.4   706 WemustalsoconsidertheCodesspecificinstructionregardingcriminal statuteinterpretation: 4 XTheprovisionsofthis[CriminalCode]shallbeconstrued     accordingtothefairimportoftheirterms...topromotejustice ,   ~ andeffecttheobjectivesofthecriminalcode.4 -- X- X P - XTenn.CodeAnn.3911104. X/    Further,courtsmustavoidconstructionsthatconflictonestatuteagainstanother. SeeStateexrel.Metro.Govtv.SpicewoodCreekWatershedDist.,   848S.W.2d60,62(Tenn.1993).Ifconflictexists,courtsmust searchforandgivethefullestpossibleeffecttothelegislativepurposeunderlyingbothstatutes.PacificEasternCorp.v.GulfLifeHoldingCo.,902S.W.2d946,954   (Tenn.Ct.App.1995).  #  3      ׀    WebeginbyidentifyingthelegislativeintentoftheActs.TheGeneralAssemblyleftnoroomfordoubtregardingtheirgoal: 4 XItistheintentofthissectiontocreateDrugFreeSchoolZonesforthepurposeofprovidingallstudentsinthisstateanenvironmentinwhichtheycanlearnwithoutthedistractionanddangersthatareincidenttotheoccurrenceofdrugactivityinoraroundschoolfacilities.Theenhancedandmandatoryminimumsentencesrequiredby[theSchoolZoneAct]fordrugoffensesoccurringinaDrugFreeSchoolZonearenecessarytoserveasadeterrentto r'j $ suchunacceptableconduct....Adefendant[violatingthestatute]shallberequiredtoserveatleasttheminimumsentenceforsuch >)6"& defendantsappropriaterangeofsentence. $*#' 4 V2d2r2Tenn.CodeAnn.3917432(a),(c)(emphasisadded). X2 .',  X TheCCAseeksto: n0f).  4[e]stablishapolicywithinthestatetopunishselected,nonviolent felonyoffendersinfrontendcommunitybasedalternativestoincarceration,therebyreservingsecureconfinementfacilitiesforviolentfelonyoffenders;...4 g6u66Tenn.CodeAnn.4036103(1).TheCCA shallbeinterpretedasminimumstatestandards,guidingthedeterminationofeligibilityofoffendersunderthischapter.Tenn.CodeAnn.4036106(d).MeetingthestatutoryminimumeligibilitycriteriadoesnotguaranteeaCommunityCorrectionssentenceinlieuofincarceration.SeeStatev.Grigsby,957S.W.2d541,547(Tenn.Crim.App.   1997);Statev.Grandberry,803S.W.2d706,707(Tenn.Crim.App.1990).In z  contrast,adefendantsentencedundertheSchoolZoneActmustservetheminimumsentencefortheoffensedespiteany sentenceimposedbythecourttothecontrary.Tenn.CodeAnn.3917432(c). X'6  Toresolvetheconflict,wefocusonthelegislativeintentinrequiringadefendant toserveatleasttheminimumfor[his]appropriaterangeofsentence:Doesthis serviceequatetoincarceration? " AdetaileddiscussionoftheTennesseeCriminalReformSentencingActof1989(SentencingAct)isoutsidethescopeofthisopinion,butrepresentativelanguagewithinthatActassistsouranalysis.RegardingtheSentencingActs appropriaterangeofsentence,wenotethat range,adeterminationmadebythetrialcourtbasedonadefendantspriorrecord,subdividesthesentenceforagivenoffenseintodiscreteparameters,eachwithanupperandalowerlimit.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035101,sentencingcommncomments;seealso v/n(- Tenn.CodeAnn.4035112(establishesrangesofsentencesforthedifferentclassesoffelonyoffenses).Forexample,punishmentforthedefendantsClassCfelonyconvictionmustbenotlessthanthreeyearsnormorethanfifteenyears.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035111(b)(3).Thedefendant,aRangeI 6/5 offender,receivesasentencenotexceedingsixyearsbutnotlessthanthreeyearsforthisconviction.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035112(a)(3).Also,atrial >:639 courtmayfindandefendanttobe especiallymitigatedandreducetheminimumRangeIsentencebytenpercent.   #  4      ׀SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035109  (a),(b).Further,absentenhancingormitigatingfactors,thepresumptivesentenceforallbutClassAfeloniesis theminimumsentenceintherange.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210. 80    Inshort,theSentencingActsschemeestablishesa minimumsentenceappropriatetothecircumstancesofafelonyconviction.Adefendantssubsequentservicemayincludeincarceration,probation,CommunityCorrections,orsplitconfinement.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035104. 4, Therefore,theSchoolZoneActrequiresmorethanmereserviceoftheminimumsentencebymeansincluding,butnotlimitedto,incarceration:otherwise,thestatuteisredundant. d\ TheGeneralAssembly,however,clearlydistinguishedspecificdefendantsforpunishmentmoreextremeandcertainthangenerallyprovidedforintheSentencingAct.Infact,certainprovisionsdistinguishtheSchoolZoneActfromtheSentencingActsstandardscheme,therebyprecludingredundancy.Twoprovisionspreventeither(1)releaseeligibilitystatusorparoleor(2)actionbythegovernorsofficeortheboardofprobationandparolefromreleasingadefendantfromincarcerationbeforetheexpirationoftheminimumsentence.ThedefendantnotesthattheSchoolZoneActdoesnotaddresstheCCAinthismannerandarguesthatthissilenceimpliesthatCommunityCorrectionsisaviablealternative.Therelevantinquirybecomes:DoesthelegislaturesomittingreferencetotheCCAcreateafurthersubdivisionofoffenders?  3,2 Thedefendantsargumentrequiresanoverlyrestrictivereadingofthe SchoolZoneAct.However,principlesofstatutoryconstructioncompelourinterpretingastatute notfromspecialwordsinthesinglesentenceorsection,butfromthestatutetakenasawholeandreviewingthelegislationinlightofitsgeneralpurposes.Tidwellv.ServonmationWilloughbyCompany,Inc.,483 80 S.W.2d98,100(Tenn.1972).   Readasawhole,thefairimportoftheSchoolZoneActisalegislativegoalofdeterrencethroughguaranteeofminimumincarcerationtermsforthequalifyingoffenses.Aftercreatingadistinctsubdivisionofoffendersbasedonspecificillicitactivity,theSchoolZoneActbothraisestheoffenseclassificationbyonegrade,andtherebytheminimumpunishmentrange,andrequiresthetrialcourtsimposingatleasttheminimumsentence.TheSchoolZoneActthenretractssomediscretiongenerallygrantedatrialcourtinsentencingmatters:Adefendantmustservehisminimumsentence [n]otwithstandingany....sentenceimposedbythecourttothecontrary.Tenn.CodeAnn.3917432(c).Wereadthesubsequentproscriptionsagainstavoidingtheminimumsentencebytheenumeratedmeansasemphasizingtherequiredserviceofamandatoryincarceration,ratherthanasimpliedlycarvingoutanexceptiontotherulebyomission.Theoverallstatutespeaksforamandatoryincarceration.  #  5       ,)$"&  4XDX *#( Inconclusion,wefindthattheGeneralAssemblyintendedthattheSchoolZoneActachievemorethana minimumsentence,becausetheCodealreadyprovidesminimumsentencesforfelonyoffenses.AcomprehensivereadingofthisActindicatesthatourlegislatureintendedminimumtermsofincarceration,notminimumtermsforincarceration.Absentspecificlanguagefromeitherthe 3,2 GeneralAssemblyortheTennesseeSupremeCourt,wedeclinetocreateanescapehatchforthosedefendantsclearlyqualifyingforenhancedpunishmentandsentencing.ToholdotherwisewouldnegatetheGeneralAssemblysexplicitgoalofincreaseddeterrenceandheightenedprotectionforyouthscongregatedinschoolenvironments.    X  CONCLUSION    ;Q X-QWeAFFIRMthetrialcourtssentencebecauseweconcludethattheGeneralAssemblyintendedthatthelanguageregardingserviceoftheentireminimumsentenceforaconvictionundertheSchoolZoneActmandatesincarcerationforatleastthatterm.      <      D ________________________________  <      D JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,Judge < 4  "!  "  XCONCUR:_________________________________JOHNH.PEAY,Judge_________________________________DAVIDG.HAYES,Judge#jXX*K # XS