ÿWPC¹9 VU:Ä %þ 0Üw@à4 4C 0 K 0Dk 0L¯ 0Jû 0TE 0^™ 0h÷ 0r_ 0|Ñ BM 0†j ð 0øð Æè 0® AO> 0D 1uÑU@Fe† 0d‡Æë 0@± D3ñ D/$ BSU*pB)šDCà AM¤S´÷N«@ù9©S vü!¼r$¯.&—Ý'/t)Z£+ý.v~2vÓ˜3 0Nk9, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ ~D€E‚ƒ„…U†Ó€‡@1d(3|x‡(Ð(3X˜$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€\‘XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó> ÿÿ$Small Circleððà0 à2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(Ð37â$¢¢Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€\‘XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ݃Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô$(Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a) ɸ·`(ZapfCalligr BTTTP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò'ÿÿdxd**'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d,,,,7Border 1dd$-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ šÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  Ýò òÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÔ eee ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔó óÌò òÔ€+¼ÔÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒ ÔÔ!  Ôó óÔ€+XÔÌÌò òCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.Ô€Ôó óÔ  ÔÌÔ€ÂÔÔ€+ÔÔ eee Ôò òAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó óÔ  ÔÔ€ÔÔ€XÔ ªÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThis€court€has€jurisdiction€to€entertain€this€appeal€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„110(g)€(1996€Supp.).Ì DÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€indictment€arose€from€an€incident€on€June€23,€1981,€when€the€appellant€threw€aÏbeer€bottle,€and€then,€a€brick€at€a€Memphis€Police€Department€squad€car.€€Following€this€action,Ïthe€appellant€apparently€engaged€several€police€officers€in€a€physical€confrontation.Ì 6Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201€(1994€Supp.)€provides€that€a€patient€involuntarilyÏcommitted,€who,€in€addition€to€meeting€other€enumerated€requirements,€remains€mentally€ill€or€isÏsuffering€from€a€mental€illness€in€remission€and€whose€condition€is€likely€to€rapidly€deteriorateÏwithout€continued€treatment€shall€be€eligible€for€discharge€subject€to€the€obligation€to€participateÏin€a€medically€appropriate€outpatient€treatment€plan€approved€by€the€releasing€facility€and€theÏoutpatient€treating€professional.€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóJudge€Axley€was€the€lead€prosecutor€in€the€appellant's€1981€criminal€case.€€TheÏappellant€argues€that€Judge€Axley's€prior€involvement€in€his€case€necessitates€his€recusal,€òòseeóóÏòòinfra,óó€òòSection€IIIóó.Ì ŸÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€record€indicates€that€the€appellant€was€experiencing€hallucinations€and€wasÏfrequently€agitated.Ì lÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóApparently,€the€appellant€indicated€to€staff€members€that€he€needed€the€"knife€forÏprotection."€€Moreover,€the€appellant's€treatment€records€reflect€that€he€"displayed€a€great€deal€ofÏparanoia€in€regard€to€the€group€home€staff€(who€were€all€black€.€.€.€)€and€in€regard€to€the€blackÏresidents€of€the€home."Ì ²Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€staff€recommended€that€hospitalization€of€the€appellant€continue€until€they€couldÏprovide€such€outpatient€services.Ì ¥Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€began€treatment€with€Clozaril,€an€atypical€antipsychotic€drug€that€becameÏavailable€in€1992.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€He€stated€that€Clozaril€requires€weekly€monitoring€and€blood€tests€of€a€patient.Ì %Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóPickering€explained€that€case€managers€are€available€on€a€twenty„four€hour€basis.€€TheirÏduties€include€visiting€the€patient€frequently,€ensuring€that€the€patient€is€taking€medication,€andÏensuring€that€the€patient€keeps€appointments.Ì PÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAppellate€counsel€(an€assistant€public€defender)€insists€that€the€appellant's€trial€counselÏ(also€an€assistant€public€defender)€"did€not€know€Judge€Axley€prosecuted€the€case."€€The€recordÏamply€provides€material€(orders,€stipulations,€etc.)€noting€Judge€Axley€as€the€lead€prosecutor€inÏthe€State's€case€against€the€appellant.€€Additionally,€appellate€counsel's€argument€suggestingÏthat,€even€if€trial€counsel€was€aware€of€Judge€Axley's€former€position,€this€would€amount€to€a€denialÏof€due€process€via€State€action,€is€without€merit.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóDuring€Dr.€Pickering's€direct€examination,€Judge€Axley€commented€that€the€hospital€hadÏnot€kept€good€records€due€to€the€frequency€of€employee€turnover.€However,€he€added€that€theÏcourt€did€keep€good€records€relating€to€the€appellant's€condition.€€Additionally,€Judge€AxleyÏquestioned€Dr.€Pickering€about€the€appellant's€"history€of€noncompliance€while€being€placed€in€aÏgroup€home"€and€about€where€the€appellant€would€be€placed€if€discharged€(Selmer,€rather€thanÏMemphis).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  inion Geneva ÒÒ  inion Geneva Ò>‡¦$"Small Circleð"ðà0  àÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò òÙ€ÙÙ€ÙßL€./-;+'h|¡ÿ `€€LßÌ›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OFÏCRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌà@ àMAY€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9512„CR„00374Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBYÏCOUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€W.€FredÏAxley,€JudgeÌò òJACKIE€H.€MARTINó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ(Petition€ForÏDischarge€From›Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àœ)à àInvoluntaryÏCommitment)›ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€theÏAppelleeóó:ÌÌA.€C.€Wharton,€Jr.à àà àà àà àCharles€W.ÏBursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€and€ReporterÌà àÌWalker€Gwinnà àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï201€Poplar,€Suite€2„01à àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌ:à àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMs.€Edgar€A.€Peterson,€IVÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€ComplexÌà àà àà àà àà àà àThird€Floor,€201€PoplarÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌœREVERSED€IN€PART€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Jackie€H.€Martin,€appeals€the€order€entered€by€theÏCriminal€Court€of€Shelby€County€denying€his€petition€for€discharge€fromÏinvoluntary€commitment.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€presents€two€issues€for€ourÏreview:€(1)€whether€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€court's€findingÏthat€the€appellant€is€not€eligible€for€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€as€anÏalternative€to€commitment;€and€(2)€whether€the€trial€judge€should€have€recusedÏhimself€from€this€case.Ìà8 àÌà àAfter€a€review€of€the€record€and€the€applicable€law,€we€conclude€that€theÏevidence€at€the€appellant's€hearing€preponderates€against€the€decision€of€theÏtrial€court.€€Accordingly,€we€remand€this€case€to€the€trial€court€for€entry€of€anÏorder€discharging€the€appellant€to€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€consistentÏwith€the€plan€proposed€by€the€superintendent€of€the€mental€health€facility.ÌÌÌà@ àò òI.€€BackgroundòòÌóóó óÌà àOn€August€4,€1981,€a€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€appellantÍfor€one€count€of€"throwing€a€missile€calculated€to€produce€death€or€great€bodilyÏharm€at€an€occupied€vehicle"€and€three€counts€of€assault.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€On€October€19,Ï1981,€Judge€James€Beasley€found€the€appellant€not€guilty€by€reason€of€insanity.€ÏAccordingly,€the€appellant€was€involuntarily€committed€to€Western€MentalÏHealth€Institute,€WMHI,€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„604€(1981€Supp.).€ÏOn€December€27,€1985,€the€staff€of€WMHI€recommended€the€appellant'sÏdischarge€to€a€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€program.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€However,€whileÏJudge€W.€Fred€Axley€took€this€recommendation€under€advisement,€staffÏmembers€at€WMHI€reexamined€the€appellant€and€determined€that€his€conditionÏhad€deteriorated€to€the€extent€that€the€appellant€required€continuedÏconfinement.× ƒ3 ××  ×€€€€ÌÌà àIn€1989,€€Judge€Axley€approved€the€appellant's€placement€in€a€groupÏhome€in€Trenton,€pursuant€to€a€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€plan.€€BecauseÍof€the€appellant's€progress€at€the€group€home,€Judge€Axley€permitted€theÏappellant€to€complete€a€two€week€stay€at€the€training€center€in€Smyrna€for€skillsÏevaluation.€€However,€by€early€1991,€the€appellant's€mental€condition€hadÏregressed.× ƒ4 ××  ×€€Moreover,€the€appellant€violated€his€treatment€plan€by€having€aÏknife€in€his€room€and€by€drinking€alcohol.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€In€response€to€these€violations,ÏJudge€Axley€returned€the€appellant€to€the€hospital€for€inpatient€care.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€continued€to€meet€the€commitment€standards€imposed€byÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„104€(1994€Supp.)€and€ðð€33„7„303(c)€(1994€Supp.)Ïthroughout€early€1994.€€However,€in€July€1994,€staff€members€of€WMHI€notifiedÏJudge€Axley,€that,€after€the€required€six€month€evaluation€of€the€appellant,€theyÏdetermined€that,€if€"supportive€community€services€[could]€be€worked€out,"€theÏappellant€would€not€meet€the€necessary€commitment€standards.× ƒ6 ××  ×€€Again,€inÏSeptember€and€December€1994,€the€staff€advised€Judge€Axley€that€theÏappellant€would€not€meet€commitment€standards€if€placement€in€an€outpatientÏtreatment€program€were€available,€however,€such€services€were€not€available€atÍthe€time.€€€In€June€1995,€the€staff€informed€Judge€Axley€that€a€structuredÏsupervised€community€placement€was€available€for€the€appellant,€that€they€hadÏdeveloped€a€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€plan€for€the€appellant,€and€thatÏthey€had€informed€the€appellant€of€his€legal€obligation€to€comply€with€the€termsÏof€the€outpatient€program.€€On€July€5,€1995,€Judge€Axley€heard€the€appellant'sÏpetition€requesting€discharge€from€inpatient€hospitalization€into€an€outpatientÏtreatment€program.€€€€ÌÌà àThe€only€witness€to€testify€at€the€discharge€hearing€was€Dr.€Pickering,€aÏpsychologist€at€Western€Mental€Health€Institute.€€He€testified€that€he€has€beenÏinvolved€with€the€appellant's€treatment€since€1991.€€He€stated€that€the€appellantÏis€mentally€ill.€€"[The€appellant]€continues€to€show€some€of€the€negative€signs€ofÏschizophrenia,€but€.€.€.€€he€is€not€actively€psychotic€at€this€time€and€is€in€partialÏremission€as€a€result€of€his€treatment."€€Commenting€on€the€appellant'sÏprogress,€Dr.€Pickering€explained€that€the€appellant€remained€on€a€"plateau"€forÏthe€first€several€years,€but,€beginning€in€1992,€when€given€new€medication,€theÏappellant€€exhibited€€"steady€improvement."× ƒ7 ××  ×€€The€doctor€also€stated€that,Ïindicative€of€his€current€behavior,€the€appellant€recently,€voluntarily€"walkedÏaway€from"€a€potential€physical€confrontation€initiated€by€another€patient.€ÏFurthermore,€the€appellant€has€retained€full€privileges€at€the€center€and€has€notÍdisplayed€any€aggressive€behavior.€€When€questioned€about€the€failure€of€priorÏoutpatient€treatment,€Pickering€asserted€that€they€have€redesigned€theÏappellant's€proposed€outpatient€treatment€plan€to€account€for€the€appellant'sÏtreatment€with€Clozaril.× ƒ8 ××  ×€€He€added€that€case€managers€would€be€available€toÏthe€appellant€on€a€twenty„four€hour€basis.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Pickering€maintained€that€the€appellant€does€not€meet€theÏcommitment€standards€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„104.€€However,€he€didÏconcede€that€the€appellant€could€be€"unable€to€avoid€severe€impairment€orÏinjury€from€specific€risk,"€if€he€does€not€comply€with€his€medication€andÏtreatment,€and€that€the€appellant€has€a€history€of€noncompliance.€€Moreover,€heÏacknowledged€that,€without€continued€treatment,€the€appellant's€mental€illnessÏis€likely€to€depreciate€to€the€"point€that€the€patient€will€pose€a€likelihood€ofÏserious€harm."€€Dr.€Pickering€agreed€that€his€answers€relating€to€the€appellant'sÏcondition€focused€on€his€observations€of€the€appellant€"at€this€time,"€and€thatÏthere€were€no€guarantees€that€the€appellant€would€comply€with€the€program,€orÏthat€the€appellant€would€not€pose€"substantial€harm€to€the€community."€€ÌÌà àJudge€Axley€denied€the€appellant's€petition,€stating:ÌÓÓà8 àThe€personnel€involved€in€Mr.€Martin's€life,€other€than€this€Court,Ïreally€have€no€idea€of€his€history.€€Before€Mr.€Martin€committed€theÍassault€on€the€officers€.€.€.€he€had€a€history€of€violence.€€It'sÏsomething€that's€been€ongoing€in€his€life.ÌÌà8 à.€.€.€What€we're€saying€.€.€.€is€that€he€has€been€stabilizedÏemotionally€by€medication,€but€he,€also,€has€a€history€ofÏnoncompliance.ÌÌà8 àHe€does€possess€the€propensity€to€become€a€danger€to€others€andÏquickly€in€Mr.€Martin's€case.€€Mr.€Martin€functions€well€at€theÏhospital.€€He€does€not€appear€to€this€Court€to€be€in€a€position€toÏfunction€well€because€he€needs€very,€very€close€supervision.ÌÌà8 àAn€outpatient€treatment€plan€is€not€sufficient€to€meet€Mr.€Martin'sÏneeds€because€of€what€has€been€shown€through€prior€occasionsÏof€his€release€in€group€home€settings€or€boarding€house€settings.ÌÓÓò òà@ àII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏcourt's€decision€denying€his€discharge€to€legal€mandatory€outpatient€treatmentÏas€specified€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201€(1994€Supp.).€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ33„6„110(c),€(f)€(1994€Supp.),€sets€forth€the€procedure€concerning€the€dischargeÏof€one€involuntarily€committed.€€The€provision€states:ÌÓÓà8 àWhen€the€superintendent€determines€that€the€patient€is€eligible€forÏdischarge€under€ðð€33„6„109€or€ðð€33„6„201,€he€shall€notify€theÏcommitting€court€of€that€conclusion,€the€basis€for€it,€and,€ifÏdischarge€is€pursuant€to€ðð€33„6„201,€the€outpatient€treatment€planÏapproved€by€the€releasing€facility€for€the€patient.€€òòSuchÏdetermination€by€the€superintendent€shall€constitute€a€rebuttableÏpresumption€of€correctness€thereofóó.€.€.€.ÌÌà8 à.€.€.[I]f€the€court€finds€by€òòclear,€unequivocal,€and€convincingÏevidenceóó€that€the€patient€is€òònotóó€eligible€for€discharge€.€.€.€it€shallÏorder€his€return€to€the€hospital€.€.€.€.€€If€the€court€finds€otherwise,€itÏshall€order€the€patient's€release€from€involuntary€commitment€inÏaccordance€with€the€recommendations€of€the€superintendent.ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„110(c),(f)€(emphasis€added).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Trippóó,Ï754€S.W.2d€92,€94€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€asserts€that€the€record€is€replete€with€reports€supportingÏhis€discharge.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€adds€that€the€trial€court's€decisionÏcannot€be€afforded€a€presumption€of€correctness,€because€it€is€not€based€onÏevidence€at€the€hearing.€€Appellate€review€of€a€lower€court's€denial€of€dischargeÏis€"òòde€novoóó€upon€the€record€of€the€trial€court€with€a€presumption€of€correctnessÏof€the€finding,€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise."€€òòState€v.€Grovesóó,Ï735€S.W.2d€843,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)€(citing€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(d));€Ïòòsee€alsoóó€òòTrippóó,€754€S.W.2d€at€94;€òòState€v.€Woolardóó,€No.€03C01„9510„CC„00296Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€July€25,€1996).€€After€a€review€of€the€record,€weÏconclude€that€the€evidence€does€not€support€a€denial€of€the€appellant'sÏdischarge€from€involuntary€confinement.Ìà àÌà àAt€the€hearing,€Dr.€Pickering€stated€that€the€appellant€satisfies€theÏstandards€for€discharge€to€an€outpatient€treatment€program€as€outlined€in€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201.€Dr.€Pickering€testified€that€the€appellant€is€suffering€fromÏa€mental€illness,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201(b)(1)(A);€that€the€patient'sÏcondition€is€likely€to€deteriorate€rapidly€unless€treatment€is€continued,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð33„6„201(b)(1)(B);€that€the€patient€would€continue€treatment€ifÍlegally€required€to€do€so,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201(b)(1)(C);€that€the€patientÏis€not€likely€to€participate€in€continued€treatment€without€the€legally€requiredÏmandate,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201(b)(1)(D);€and€that€mandatory€outpatientÏtreatment€is€a€less€drastic€alternative€to€commitment,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201(b)(1)(E).€€Dr.€Pickering's€testimony€indicates€that€the€appellant€qualifies€forÏdischarge€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201€and€ðð€33„6„110.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Pickering€testified€that,€although€he€could€not€guarantee€theÏappellant's€future€behavior,€since€his€recommitment€in€1991,€the€appellant€hasÏshown€considerable€improvement€and€has€not€exhibited€any€aggressiveÏbehavior.€€He€also€indicated€that€the€appellant's€improvement€is€connected€toÏhis€treatment€with€Clozaril,€which€only€became€available€in€1992,€after€theÏappellant's€recommitment.€€Further,€when€questioned€about€the€appellant'sÏprior€failure€to€comply€with€mandatory€outpatient€treatment,€Dr.€PickeringÏexplained€that€significant€safeguards€have€been€implemented€to€aid€theÏappellant's€compliance€with€the€proposed€treatment€plan,€including€caseÏmanagement€services,€which€were€previously€unavailable,× ƒ9 ××  ×€and€weekly€bloodÏtests€performed€at€the€Mental€Health€Center,€which€include€testing€for€drug€andÏalcohol€abuse.ÌÌ€€€€€€à àThe€trial€judge€correctly€considered€the€appellant's€history€of€violent€andÏaggressive€behavior€and€noncompliance€with€a€previous€outpatient€program.€ÏAdditionally,€we€share€the€trial€court's€apprehension€concerning€the€appellant'sÏability€to€successfully€complete€the€prescribed€outpatient€treatment€program.€ÏNonetheless,€our€review€is€limited€to€the€proof€in€the€record€and€the€applicableÏlaw.€€Accordingly,€we€cannot€conclude€that€the€appellant's€past€behavior,Ïuntreated€by€Clozaril,€provides€clear€and€convincing€evidence€supporting€aÏdenial€of€outpatient€treatment.€€The€record€indicates€that€the€appellant'sÏcondition€has€improved€since€his€recommitment€in€1991.€€Moreover,€as€Dr.ÏPickering€testified,€the€appellant's€prior€noncompliance€was€considered€inÏformulating€a€new€plan€for€outpatient€treatment,€which€provides€closerÏmonitoring€of€the€appellant.€Despite€this€evidence,€the€State€offered€no€proof€toÏrebut€the€expert€medical€testimony€of€Dr.€Pickering.€€We€conclude€that€theseÏfacts,€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness,€preponderate€against€theÏdecision€of€the€trial€court.€€In€the€appellant's€case,€mandatory€outpatientÏtreatment€is€a€suitable€less€drastic€alternative€to€commitment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€33„6„201(b)(1)(E).€€Accordingly,€the€appellant€is€entitled€to€discharge€fromÏinvoluntary€commitment.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIII.€€Recusal€of€Judge€Axleyó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€also€contends€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€hearing€becauseÏ"Judge€Fred€Axley€is€biased€against€[him]€as€a€matter€of€fact€and€presumptivelyÏbiased€because€Judge€Axley€was€the€State€lawyer€who€prosecuted€theÏindictments€against€Martin.€.€.€."€€Because€we€have€determined€that€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€the€trial€court's€decision,€we€need€not€address€theÏappellant's€final€issue.€€However,€due€to€the€ongoing€nature€of€this€proceedingÏand€the€potential€for€future€proceedings€in€this€case€before€Judge€Axley,€weÏconclude€that€the€circumstances€of€this€case€do€not€mandate€his€recusal.ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€appellant€raises€Judge€Axley's€recusal€for€theÏfirst€time€in€this€appeal.× ƒ: ××  ×€€The€failure€of€the€appellant€to€raise€this€issue€prior€toÏhis€hearing€amounted€to€a€waiver€of€his€right€to€question€the€trial€judge'sÏqualifications€to€hear€the€case.€€òòWoodson€v.€Stateóó,€608€S.W.2d€591,€593€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1980);€€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€ex€rel.ÏRoberts€v.€Hendersonóó,€442€S.W.2d€629,€631€(Tenn.€1969)€(holding€that€the€rightÏof€a€defendant€to€waive€the€disqualification€of€a€judge€exists€in€both€civil€andÏcriminal€cases).€€òòAccordóó€€òòHawkins€v.€Stateóó,€586€S.W.2d€465,€466€(Tenn.€1979).€ÍAccordingly,€€the€appellant€has€waived€this€issue.€€Nonetheless,€a€furtherÏdiscussion€of€this€issue€is€warranted.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€Article€6,€Section€11€of€the€TennesseeÏConstitution€prohibits€Judge€Axley€from€presiding€over€his€case.€€ThisÏconstitutional€provision€provides:ÌÓÓà8 àNo€judge€.€.€.€shall€preside€on€the€trial€of€any€cause€in€the€event€ofÏwhich€he€may€be€interested,€or€where€either€of€the€parties€shall€beÏconnected€with€him€by€affinity€or€consanguinity,€within€suchÏdegrees€as€may€be€prescribed€by€law,€or€in€which€he€may€haveÏbeen€of€counsel,€or€in€which€he€may€have€presided€in€any€InferiorÏCourt,€òòexcept€by€consent€of€all€the€partiesóó.ÌÓÓÌòòTenn.€Constóó.,€Art.€VI,€ðð€11€(emphasis€added).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€Tenn.€Sup.€Ct.€Rule€10,ÏCanon€3(C)(1)(a),€(C)(1)(b).€€Although€Art.€6,€Sec.€11€appears€to€disqualifyÏJudge€Axley€from€this€matter,€since€he€was€the€lead€prosecutor€in€the€originalÏcause,€case€law€has€held€that€the€disqualifying€provision€is€limited€to€"the€causeÏon€trial€.€.€.€and€not€prior€concluded€trials.€.€.€."€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€906€S.W.2dÏ6,€12€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€òòState€v.€Warneróó,€649€S.W.2d€580,€581Ï(Tenn.€1983)€(holding€trial€judge€not€disqualified€on€grounds€that€he€was€theÏprosecuting€attorney€in€an€earlier€case€against€the€appellant)).€ThisÏinterpretation,€likewise,€applies€to€the€present€case.€€The€appellant€alsoÏcontends€that€he€never€consented€"for€his€former€prosecutor€to€judge€him."€ÏHowever,€€the€appellant€clearly€gave€his€implied€consent€by€failing€to€raise€theÍissue€of€recusal€prior€to€this€present€appeal.€€Judge€Axley€has€presided€overÏvarious€matters€relating€to€the€appellant's€involuntary€confinement€since€1983.€€€ÌÌà àRegardless€of€whether€the€appellant€consented€to€Judge€Axley's€hearingÏof€the€matter,€the€record€does€not€support€the€appellant's€allegation€that€JudgeÏAxley's€ruling€was€due€to€his€personal€bias€against€the€appellant.€€A€trial€judgeÏshould€recuse€himself€whenever€he€has€any€doubt€as€to€his€ability€to€presideÏimpartially€in€a€criminal€case€or€whenever€his€impartiality€can€reasonably€beÏquestioned.€€òòState€v.€Hinesóó,€919€S.W.2d€573,€578€(Tenn.€1995)€(citing€òòState€v.ÏCashóó,€867€S.W.2d€741,€749€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòLackey€v.€Stateóó,€578ÏS.W.2d€101,€104€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978));€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€906€S.W.2dÏ6,€11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€Tenn.€Sup.€Ct.€Rule€10,€Canon€3(C);€€òòStateÏv.€Dillinghamóó,€No.€03C01„9110„CR„00319€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€Feb.Ï3,€1993),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993)).€€As€a€general€principle,€the€trialÏjudge€retains€discretion€over€his€recusal€when€questioned€on€the€basis€of€biasÏor€prejudice.€€òòSmithóó,€906€S.W.2d€at€11(citing€òòCaruthers€v.€Stateóó,€814€S.W.2d€64,Ï67€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)).€€Unless€the€evidence€in€the€record€indicates€thatÏthe€trial€judge€abused€his€discretion€by€not€disqualifying€himself,€this€court€willÏnot€interfere€with€his€decision.€€òòIdóó.€€(citing€òòCaruthersóó,€814€S.W.2d€at€67).€ÌÌà à€In€the€present€case,€although€Judge€Axley€was€the€lead€prosecutor€in€theÏappellant's€original€case,€we€cannot€conclude€that€this€prior€involvementÍcaused€him€to€rule€impartially€and€prejudicially.€€In€fact,€the€record€shows€thatÏJudge€Axley€previously€ruled€favorably€on€the€appellant's€behalf.€€Additionally,Ïthe€record€indicates€that€Judge€Axley€did€not€use€the€benefit€of€prior€knowledgeÏarising€from€his€dealings€as€State€prosecutor€in€his€decision€denying€theÏappellant's€discharge.€€Rather,€Judge€Axley's€knowledge€of€the€appellant'sÏbackground€arises€from€his€prior€involvement€as€a€judge€in€the€appellant'sÏcause.€€Nonetheless,€the€appellant€suggests€that€Judge€Axley's€interruption€ofÏthe€Dr.€Pickering's€direct€examination€and€his€comments€during€the€doctor'sÏcross„examination€were€affirmative€indicators€of€his€preconceived€decision€toÏdeny€the€appellant's€discharge.× ƒ; ××  ×€€We€conclude€that€these€comments€were€notÏprejudicial€in€nature,€nor€do€they€reflect€bias€for€the€State's€position.€€Rather,Ïthese€comments€were€necessary€in€making€a€determination€whether€toÏdischarge€the€appellant€into€the€community.€€Accordingly,€Judge€Axley€did€notÏabuse€his€discretion€in€failing€to€recuse€himself€from€presiding€over€theÏappellant's€hearing.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIV.€€Conclusionó óÌÌà àAfter€finding€that€the€evidence€presented€at€the€discharge€hearing€is€notÏsufficient€to€deny€the€appellant's€release€from€involuntary€commitment,€we€Ïremand€this€case€to€the€trial€court€for€entry€of€an€order,€consistent€with€theÏprocedure€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„110,€discharging€the€appellantÏfrom€involuntary€confinement€into€the€mandatory€outpatient€treatment€programÏproposed€by€the€superintendent.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„201(d)(2)(A),Ï(B).€€However,€with€forethought€that€the€appellant's€condition€may€haveÏchanged€since€the€trial€court's€denial€in€July€1995,€we€advise€that,€prior€to€anyÏrelease€of€the€appellant,€the€superintendent€must€again€provide€a€current€reportÏsupporting€his€recommendation€that€the€appellant€be€discharged€to€aÏmandatory€outpatient€treatment€program.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„110(c),Ï(f).€€Additionally,€we€note€that,€if€the€appellant€does€not€comply€with€the€terms€ofÏhis€outpatient€program,€statutory€measures€exist€by€which€to€recommit€theÏappellant€to€involuntary€hospitalization.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€33„6„202Ï(1996€Supp.).ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€Judge