ÿWPCK …# VUHa %© 0(¯×w@ß4 3 0lB 0D® 0Jò 0T< 0^ 0hî 0rV 0|È 0†D 0Ê 1uZ U,Ï 0dû U,_U6‹B)Á BêDC AMJU*—!Áv~â D3`vÓ“ 0@f AO¦Æõ 0D» D/ÿ B.˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <à09Z 0Courier (W1) RegularX($¡¡ ¡¢D£¤D¥¦§D¨©DªÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|x³((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d d####7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌMay€24,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@$$$$'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ “XdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßL€&(%;+'h|` ç `€€Lß›à@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OFÏCRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€NASHVILLEóóÌà@ àJANUARY€1996€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*€€C.C.A.€#€01C01„9409„CC„00319Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*€€RUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*€€Hon.€James€K.€Clayton,€Jr.,€JudgeÌCARL€SHANE€MATTOX,à àà à*€€(Especially€Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌòòÌÌFor€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellee:óóÌÓÓGerald€L.€Meltonà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌÌJeannie€Kaessà àà àà àà àCharlotte€H.€Rappuhnà àà àAsst.ÏPublic€Defenderà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ201€West€Main€Streetà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌCourt€Square€Bldg.€Suite€101€€450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMurfreesboro,€TN€œ€37130›à àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àGuy€R.€DotsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€C.€Whitesell,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à3rd€Floor,€Judicial€Bldg.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€œ€37130›ÌÌÌÌÌœÌÌOPINION›€FILED€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌœÌÌAFFIRMED›ÌÌÌœÌÌGARY›€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant,€Carl€Shane€Mattox,€appeals€from€hisÏconviction€of€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€courtÏimposed€a€Range€I€sentence€of€twenty„five€years.€€The€only€issueÏpresented€for€our€review€is€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficientÏto€support€his€conviction.€€ÌÌà àà àWe€affirm€the€judgment.ÌÌà àà àOn€June€22,€1993,€Lavye€Fann,€the€fifty„four„year„oldÏfemale€victim,€was€struck€in€the€head€with€a€baseball€bat€as€sheÏwalked€out€of€the€post€office€in€Smyrna.€€Her€keys€and€car€phoneÏwere€taken.€€Because€of€injuries€received€in€the€assault,€sheÏhas€no€recollection€of€the€event.€€ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€the€victim€identified€her€car€phone€andÏphotographs€of€her€gray€Volkswagen.€€She€described€her€key€chainÏand€a€small€pocketknife€that€was€attached.€€She€also€testifiedÏthat€she€was€unconscious€for€some€time€after€the€assault,€wasÏhospitalized€for€over€two€weeks,€and€incurred€medical€expensesÏof€over€$44,000.00.€€The€victim€was€still€under€medical€careÏfrom€several€doctors€at€the€time€of€the€trial.ÌÌà àà àLarry€Diviney,€a€sixteen„year„old€accomplice,Ïtestified€for€the€state.€€Acknowledging€that€he€had€beenÏpromised€that€no€charges€would€be€brought€against€him€if€heÏtestified€truthfully,€Diviney€related€that€he€had€becomeÏacquainted€with€the€defendant€about€two€months€before€theÏassault.€€On€the€night€before€the€offense,€Diviney€and€theÏdefendant€walked€from€a€nearby€trailer€park€over€to€the€postÏoffice.€€The€next€evening,€the€defendant€carried€a€baseball€batÏclaiming€that€he€intended€to€take€somebodyððs€car.€€DivineyÏtestified€that€he€thought€the€defendant€was€joking.€€Later,Ïhowever,€a€woman€carrying€a€cane€stopped€her€vehicle€at€the€postÏoffice.€€The€defendant,€describing€the€situation€as€"pretty,"Ïstarted€toward€her€when€a€truck€was€parked€nearby.€€According€toÏDiviney,€the€defendant€stopped€but€noted€that€it€would€have€beenÏeasy€to€take€her€car.ÌÌà àà àDiviney,€who€by€then€realized€that€the€defendantÏintended€to€steal€a€car,€claimed€that€he€was€afraid€to€leave€atÏthat€point.€€Both€the€car€and€the€truck€were€driven€away€withoutÏincident€when€the€victim€arrived€in€her€car€and€walked€into€theÏpost€office.€€When€the€victim€came€back€outside,€the€defendantÍstruck€her€in€the€back€of€the€head€with€the€baseball€bat.€ÏUnable€to€find€her€car€key,€the€defendant€grabbed€her€car€phone.€ÏDiviney€and€the€defendant€then€ran€to€the€residence€of€KatherineÏCotner,€the€defendantððs€girlfriend.€€Along€the€way,€theÏdefendant€had€ripped€a€knife€off€of€the€key€chain€and€thrownÏaway€the€keys.€€A€couple€of€days€later,€Diviney€told€his€fatherÏwhat€had€happened.€€His€father€then€took€him€to€the€policeÏdepartment€to€make€a€statement.ÌÌà àà àDivineyððs€stepbrother,€Archie€Van€Winkle,€testifiedÏthat€the€defendant€tried€to€sell€him€the€car€phone;€he€declinedÏbecause€he€thought€it€might€be€stolen.€€Van€Winkle€alsoÏtestified€that€the€next€day,€he€saw€the€defendant€throw€away€aÏbag€containing€the€baseball€bat€and€the€phone.€€In€separateÏconversations€sometime€later,€Diviney€and€the€defendant€eachÏadmitted€to€Van€Winkle€their€involvement€in€the€robbery.€€WhenÏcontacted€by€the€police,€Van€Winkle€conceded€that€he€knew€of€theÏdefendantððs€participation€in€the€assault.ÌÌà àà àInvestigators€found€a€black€baseball€bat€and€a€carÏphone€in€the€Stewart€Creek€area.€€The€phone,€located€in€theÏcreek€near€the€bridge,€was€wrapped€in€a€plastic€bag.€€TheÍdefendant€was€hiding€under€a€bed€in€the€Cotner€residence€whenÏfound€by€the€police.ÌÌà àà àConsuela€Smith€was€the€only€witness€for€the€defense.€ÏShe€testified€that€Van€Winkle€and€Chris€Sanders€came€to€herÏhouse€looking€for€a€way€to€get€rid€of€the€bat.€€She€claimed€thatÏKatherine€Cotner€brought€the€car€phone€by€for€the€same€purpose.€ÏMs.€Smith€testified€that€she€gave€them€a€garbage€bag€butÏotherwise€refused€to€help.€€She€stated€œthat€Van›€Winkle€andÏSanders€left€out€the€back€door€when€a€police€car€was€driven€byÏher€residence.ÌÌà àà àKatherine€Cotner,€who€had€married€another€man€by€theÏtime€of€trial,€testified€in€rebuttal€that€she€had€been€chargedÏin€the€offense€as€an€accessory€after€the€fact.€€She€acknowledgedÏthat€she€had€gone€to€the€Smith€residence€but€claimed€that€sheÏwas€accompanied€by€Diviney€and€Van€Winkle.€€Ms.€Cotner€testifiedÏthat€the€bat,€which€belonged€to€her€father,€had€been€in€herÏtrailer.€€She€asserted€that€she€had€found€the€phone€under€aÏmattress€in€her€spare€bedroom€shortly€after€Diviney€told€herÏwhat€had€happened;€she€thought€that€Van€Winkle€had€carried€theÏphone€and€the€bat€to€Ms.€Smithððs€house.€€Ms.€Cotner€contendedÍthat€the€defendant€was€present€when€Diviney€had€told€her€aboutÏthe€assault€and€robbery.ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÏwhich€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€ofÏconflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€asÏtriers€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏchallenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewingÏthe€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elementsÏof€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657ÏS.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073Ï(1984);€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€ÌÌà àà àEspecially€aggravated€robbery€is€robbery€accomplishedÏby€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€and€involving€serious€bodilyÏinjury€to€the€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„403(a).€€RobberyÏis€defined€as€"the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€fromÍthe€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€inÏfear."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ39„13„401(a).›€€"Serious€bodily€injury"Ïis€defined€as€bodily€injury€which€involves€(a)€a€substantialÏrisk€of€death,€(b)€protracted€unconsciousness,€(c)€extremeÏphysical€pain,€(d)€a€protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement,€or€(e)Ïa€protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€aÏbodily€member,€organ,€or€mental€œfaculty.›€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ39„11„106(a)(33).›ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€does€notÏestablish€that€anything€was€taken€"from€the€person"€of€theÏvictim€because€there€is€no€evidence€that€the€keys€were€in€herÏpossession.€€He€asserts€that€the€car€phone€was€taken€from€insideÏthe€car.€€Actual€possession,€however,€is€not€a€requirement.€€AÏrobbery€may€be€actual€or€constructive.€€òòState€v.€Edwardsóó,€868ÏS.W.2d€682,€700€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€ScottÏHouston€Nixóó,€No.€03C01„9406„CR„00211€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÏKnoxville,€November€21,€œ1995),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòfiledóó€(Tenn.€1996).›€Ï"It€is€actual€when€the€taking€is€immediately€from€the€person;Ïand€constructive€when€in€the€possession€or€in€the€presence€ofÏthe€party€robbed."€€òòMorgan€v.€Stateóó,€220€Tenn.€247,€œ251„52,€415›ÏS.W.2d€879,€œ881€(1967)€(quoted›€in€òòState€v.€Edwardsóó,€868€S.W.2dÍat€700).€€ÌÌà àà àThere€was€testimony€that€the€victim,€while€proceedingÏtoward€her€vehicle,€had€been€struck€with€a€baseball€bat.€€TheÏdefendant€picked€up€her€keys€and€took€her€car€phone.€€ThoseÏfacts€establish€constructive€possession€by€the€victim.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Scott€Houston€Nixóó,€òòsupraóó.€€The€physical€harm€to€theÏvictim€qualified€as€œ"serious›€bodily€injury."€€Thus,€the€recordÏfully€supports€each€element€of€the€offense€of€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery.€€ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€œaffirmed.Ì›ÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïóóà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeÌòòÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge