ÿWPCŠ  …# VULa %­ 0 (³4ÛïU:þ8 0J@ w@Š Ê 0TÒ 0D& 0[j 0^Å 0l# 0D 0DÓ 0h 0r 0|ñ 0†m 0ó Bƒe   1uª 0d D3ƒ 0@¶‘öB)‡DC°‘óU*„ AM®èûçãëÊßµv~”vÓ AOåÆ4 0Dú D/> Bm ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÜÏ.@FÐ Z‹4GeoSlab703 Lt BT LightX($¡¡R¦"¸p¸€3|xÿ+@"Arial Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô ë+ì+Dí+î+Uï+Dð+Uñ+Ó€ò+ó+ Pô+ Ó€2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô($Ó$‘‘òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(3¨à$¥¥Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(3¯$©©Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ 'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ‡Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ)ÝÝ  ÝÔ.(ƒ!MCDANIEL.OPN(ÔMCDANIEL.OPNÔ/  Ô% Line 7 d////7Border 1dd ‡Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ)ÝÝ  ÝÔ.(ƒ!MCDANIEL.OPN(ÔMCDANIEL.OPNÔ/  Ô< Œ 9p`(Arial€-0Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÞÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€2ÔÔ€2ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€2XÔÌÌò òJune€5,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€2ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ÝÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€2ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóT.C.A.€ðð37„1„115(a)(1)€also€is€applicable.Ì áÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€2ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóDefendantððs€mother,€who€was€the€murder€victim,€was€apparently€hisÏlegal€guardian€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€He€had€never€known€his€father.€€Thus,Ïalthough€aunts,€uncles,€and€a€former€stepfather€were€present,€none€of€thoseÏpersons€met€the€legal€definition€contained€in€the€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure.Ì ÕÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€2ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóT.C.A.€ðð40„35„210.€€The€crime€occurred€July€15,€1993.€€The€defendantÏwas€sentenced€December€8,€1995.€€Effective€July€1,€1995,€for€crimes€committedÏafter€that€date,€the€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€the€mid„point€ofÏthe€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÖ€.֜ـ€ÙÖ€1ÖÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€2ÔßR€340A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à›ÌÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€œKNOXVILLE€€€€€›ÌÌà@ àMARCH€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9605„CC„00178Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àMcMINN€COUNTYÌà àà àAppellee,à àà à)à à€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Mayo€Mashburn,€JudgeÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(SECOND€DEGREE€MURDER)ÌJOSHUA€McDANIEL,à àà à)€€€à àNo.€95„586€BELOWÌà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌó óÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌRANDY€G.€ROGERSà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌP.€O.€Box€507à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌAthens,€TN€37371„0507Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àMICHAEL€J.€FAHEY,€IIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€N.€ESTESÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSANDRA€DONAGHYÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPost€Office€Box€647Ìà àà àà àà àà à€€€€à àAthens,€TN€37303„0647ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌCORNELIA€A.€CLARK,ÌSpecial€JudgeÌÌÑ7€ ýˆ XXdðXXdð7ÑÌÌà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌÓÓà àDefendant€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€for€second€degreeÏmurder.€€He€raises€three€issues€on€review:€(1)€whether€his€case€was€properlyÏtransferred€from€juvenile€court€to€criminal€court€for€trial;€(2)€whether€the€proof€isÏsufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€rejection€of€his€insanity€plea;€and€(3)€whether€theÏtrial€judge€erred€in€imposing€sentence.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àDefendant€Joshua€McDaniel€was€born€July€14,€1979.€€On€July€15,€1993,Ïhis€mother,€Cynthia€McDaniel,€was€murdered,€wrapped€in€a€mattress,€andÏdumped€about€fifty€yards€from€her€home.€€She€had€been€shot€five€times.€ÏPortions€of€the€house€were€in€disarray,€and€there€were€blood€spatters€on€theÏwalls€of€the€victimððs€bedroom.€€Upon€arrival,€the€investigating€officers€took€allÍpersons€regularly€living€in€the€household,€including€the€victimððs€two€minor€sons,Ïto€the€McMinn€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€Early€in€the€investigation€theÏofficers€learned€that€a€weapon€was€missing€from€the€house.€€All€residents,Ïincluding€the€defendant,€were€questioned.€€Defendant€ultimately€gave€threeÏstatements€to€investigating€officers.ÌÌà àThe€first€statement€was€taken€beginning€approximately€7:40€a.m.€€PresentÏin€addition€to€the€defendant€were€Detective€Sgt.€Gary€Cullins€and€YouthÏServices€Officer€Larry€Rhodes.€€In€this€statement€defendant€stated€he€had€spentÏthe€previous€night€at€a€friendððs€house.€€He€did€not€implicate€himself€in€the€crimeÏin€any€way.ÌÌà àIn€the€second€statement,€given€to€Detective€Sergeant€Cullins€and€then€toÏDetective€Lieutenant€Jerry€Tate,€defendant€stated€that€a€strange€man€forced€himÏto€take€a€gun€of€his€uncleððs€and€shoot€his€mother€under€the€threat€that€he€wouldÏbe€killed.€ÌÌà àBy€the€time€the€third€statement€was€taken,€€defendantððs€former€stepfather,ÏBrian€Thompson,€also€€was€present.€€In€the€third€statement€defendant€confessedÏto€sole€responsibility€for€the€murder€and€implicated€no€one€else.€€His€statementÏwas€typed€and€then€signed€by€the€defendant€and€his€former€stepfather.ÌÌà àOn€July€21,€1993,€defendant€was€admitted€to€the€hospital€for€formalÍpsychological€evaluation.€€€€His€evaluation€and€subsequent€treatment€tookÏseveral€months,€resulting€in€a€delay€in€the€legal€proceedings.ÌÌà àOn€July€12,€1994,€the€state€filed€a€motion€to€transfer€defendant€to€criminalÏcourt€for€trial€as€an€adult.€€The€transfer€hearing€was€conducted€September€12,ÏOctober€4,€and€November€8,€1994.€€The€transfer€order€was€entered€DecemberÏ2,€1994.€€On€January€10,€1995,€defendant€filed€a€motion€for€acceptance€hearing.€ÏBy€order€entered€June€16,€1995,€the€circuit€court€denied€the€motion,€on€theÏgrounds€that€T.C.A.€ðð37„1„159(d)€had€been€amended€effective€April15,€1994,€toÏabolish€the€right€to€an€acceptance€hearing.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€then€indicted€and€tried€as€an€adult€for€the€offense€ofÏfirst€degree€murder.€€On€November€3,€1995,€he€was€convicted€by€a€jury€ofÏsecond€degree€murder.€€On€December€8,€1995,€he€was€sentenced€to€fifteen€(15)Ïyears€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender.ÌÌà@ àI.Ìà àDefendant€first€contends€that€he€was€improperly€transferred€to€and€triedÏin€the€criminal€court.€€T.C.A.€ðð37„1„134(a)(4)€provides€that€a€child€may€beÏtransferred€to€criminal€court€for€trial€as€an€adult€if€there€are€reasonable€groundsÏto€believe€that€(1)€the€child€committed€the€delinquent€act€as€alleged;€(2)€the€childÏis€not€presently€committable€to€an€institution;€and€(3)€the€interests€of€theÏcommunity€require€legal€restraint.ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àA.Ìà àDefendantððs€primary€assertion€is€that€at€the€time€of€the€transfer€hearing€heÏwas€committable€to€an€institution,€and€that€therefore€the€requirements€of€T.C.A.Ïðð134(a)(4)(B)€were€not€met.ÌÌà àDr.€Thomas€Pendergrass,€a€clinical€psychologist,€and€Dr.€Allen€Solomon,Ïa€psychiatrist,€testified€for€defendant€at€the€transfer€hearing.€€Each€stated€that€heÏhad€diagnosed€defendant€with€and/or€treated€him€during€initial€hospitalization€inÏJuly€1993€for€polysubstance€use/abuse€with€solvents,€post€traumatic€stressÏdisorder,€major€depression,€borderline€intellectual€functioning,€andÏmicropsychotic€occurrence.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Pendergrass€also€discussed€defendantððs€second€hospitalization€atÏCumberland€Hall€Mental€Hospital€on€October€14,€1993,€because€of€suicidalÏtendencies.€€During€this€hospitalization€the€doctors€learned€from€defendant€ofÏprior€physical€abuse€by€his€stepfather€and€prior€sexual€abuse€by€his€mother.€ÏDefendant€was€stabilized€and€discharged.€€Both€practitioners€testified€thatÏdefendant€had€three€mental€illnesses,€that€he€was€not€mentally€retarded,€and€Ïthat€future€hospitalization€for€treatment€might€be€necessary€if€defendant€feltÍhimself€dangerous€to€others.€€However,€both€Dr.€Pendergrass€and€Dr.€SolomonÏtestified€that€at€the€time€of€the€hearing€in€September€1994€the€defendant€wasÏnot€legally€committable€to€an€institution.€€Dr.€Pendergrass€further€testified€thatÏdefendant€was€not€judicially€committable€at€the€time€of€first€treatment€in€JulyÏ1993,€one€week€after€the€murder.ÌÌà àAs€a€secondary€matter€defendant€contends€there€is€insufficient€proofÏunder€ðð134(a)(4)(C)€that€the€interest€of€the€community€requires€the€proposedÏlegal€restraint€or€discipline.€€The€testimony€of€the€treating€professionals€and€ofÏother€witnesses€varied.€€The€possibility€of€defendantððs€physical€danger€toÏhimself€or€to€others€if€his€substance€abuse€continued€and/or€his€mental€illnessesÏwent€untreated€Ñ  Ñcertainly€existed€at€that€time.€€He€was€charged€with€the€mostÏserious€criminal€offense€one€can€commit€in€this€state.ÌÌà àThe€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€juvenile€courtððs€findingsÏon€either€issue.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àB.Ìà àDefendant€next€contends€that€the€transfer€to€criminal€court€wasÏinappropriate€because€the€statements€he€made€to€police€should€have€beenÏsuppressed€and€because,€without€them,€there€would€have€been€no€evidenceÏtying€defendant€to€the€crime,€thereby€failing€to€satisfy€the€probable€causeÍrequirement€of€T.C.A.€ðð37„1„134(a)(4)(A).€€He€complains€that€the€statementsÏwere€taken€in€violation€of€Rules€5€and€7,€Tenn.€R.€Juv.€P.,× ƒ5 ××  ×€because€a€legalÏguardian€was€not€present€for€much€of€the€questioning.ÌÌà àThis€argument€is€without€merit€for€two€reasons.€€First,€the€proof€regardingÏthis€element€was€stipulated.€€Defense€counsel€opened€his€remarks€onÏSeptember€12,€1994,€by€saying:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àMR.€ROGERS:à àYour€Honor,€in€terms€of€judicialÏeconomy,€certainly€I€try€to€help€the€Court€along€when€I€can.€€I€thinkÏone€of€the€things€that€the€General€has€to€prove€in€this€hearing€forÏtransfer€is€whether€there€is€probable€cause,€so€to€speak,€that€myÏclient€may€have€committed€acts€giving€rise€to€the€charges.€€WeÏdonððt€intend€to€make€an€issue€out€of€that€and€we€are€prepared€toÏenter€into€a€stipulation€in€terms€of€Your€Honor€finding€that€probableÏcause€will€exist€that€Mr.€McDaniel,€in€fact,€committed€an€act€whichÏresulted€in€the€death€of€his€mother.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÑ Ü ÑÓÓà àSecond,€defendant€has€failed€to€provide€any€record€of€his€argument€ofÏthis€issue€or€of€the€juvenile€judgeððs€findings€and€conclusions€in€this€regard.€€AÏgeneral,€continuing€objection€was€made€during€the€testimony€of€Deputy€JerryÏTate:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà àQ.à àAnd€did€Joshua€McDaniel€give€any€preliminaryÍstatement€regarding€what€happened?ÌÌà àà àA.à àYes,€he€did.ÌÌà8 àà àMR.€ROGERS:à àAnd€for€the€record,€this€is€a€veryÏimportant€time€that€objection€comes€into€play.€€I€think€the€officerÏhas€already€indicated,€that€present€at€the€scene€was€this€Ms.ÏSkinner€and€her€husband€who€lived€in€the€same€home€with€him.€ÏHe€already€had€knowledge€that€this€juvenile€was€the€son€of€theÏdeceased,€and€obviously€to€him€then€an€aunt.€€A€sister€wouldððveÏbeen€a€perfect€person€to€have€available€during€questioningÏinterrogation.€€They€were€available,€readily€available,€and€weÏobject€to€anything€that€was€said€by€Mr.€McDaniel.ÌÌà8 àà àTHE€COURT:à àWell,€you€havenððt€„„€there€has€been€noÏother€foundation€laid€as€to€what€steps€they€may€have€taken,€so€I€„„Ïyou€know,€you€can€„„€again,€Iððm€going€to€overrule€your€motion€atÏthis€point.€€Iððm€going€to€let€the€state€have€an€opportunity€to€layÏwhatever€foundation€they€want€to€lay.€€And€we€also€need€to€„„€theÏcourt€officer€stepped€out.€€I€need€to€get€my€rules€out€here€in€just€aÏminute,€too.€€I€donððt€have€them€here€with€me.€€Iððll€get€them€when€weÏbreak€in€just€a€minute.€€Iððm€not€going€to€rule€on€the€motion€forÏsometime.ÌÌà8 àà àMR.€ROGERS:à àAnd€I€donððt€mean€to€just€speak€„„€but€IÏjust€want€to€point€out,€Your€Honor,€itððs€precisely€where€„„ÌÌà8 àà àTHE€COURT:à àPrecisely€what€youððre€contesting€to.€€IÏunderstand.ÌÌÌÌÓÓThe€objection€was€renewed€each€time€one€of€the€three€statements€wasÏadmitted.€€However,€the€later€arguments€of€counsel€and€the€findings€of€the€courtÏhave€not€been€included€in€the€record.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€has€the€burdenÏof€showing€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€judgeððs€findings€onÏthe€issue.€€òòBraziel€v.€Stateóó,€529€S.W.2d€501,€506€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).€ÏWithout€a€record€of€the€courtððs€findings,€we€are€unable€to€conduct€this€review.€ÌÌà àIt€is€the€appellantððs€obligation€to€prepare€an€adequate€record€in€order€toÏallow€meaningful€review€on€appeal;€an€appellate€court€cannot€consider€anÏissue€which€is€Ñ ° Ñnot€preserved€in€the€record€for€review.€€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73€(Tenn.€App.€1993).€€Therefore,€the€issue€is€waived€on€appeal.€ÏT.R.A.P.€24;€òòState€v.€Ballardóó,€855€S.W.2d€557,€560„61€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌà àEven€if€addressed€on€the€merits,€defendantððs€claim€must€fail.€€DefendantÏcomplained€that€the€statements€he€made€to€police€should€have€beenÏsuppressed€at€trial€because€they€were€taken€in€violation€of€Rules€5€and€7(d)€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure.€€Those€rules€provide€that€a€parent,Ïguardian,€or€legal€custodian× ƒ6 ××  ×€should€be€present€during€questioning€of€aÏjuvenile,€if€feasible,€and€that€ð ðno€child€.€.€.€shall€be€interrogated€.€.€.€unless€[he]Ïintelligently€waives€in€writing€the€right€to€remain€silent.ðð€€Rule€7(d),€Tenn.€R.€Juv.ÏP.€€The€voluntariness€of€a€statement€is€not,€however,€dependent€upon€theÏpresence€of€a€parent.€€òòBraziel€v.€Stateóó,€529€S.W.2d€at€506.€€Instead,€the€relevantÏissue€is€whether€ð ða€juvenileððs€confession€or€admission€[had€been]€voluntarilyÏgiven€to€police€.€.€.€after€being€fully€warned€and€advised€[of]€his€constitutionalÏrights.€€òòId.óó€€The€record€shows€that€the€defendant€knowingly€and€voluntarilyÏsigned€a€waiver€of€his€rights.€€It€contained€specific€provisions€relating€to€aÍjuvenileððs€right€to€have€an€adult€present.€€His€first€statement€was€not€inculpatoryÏin€any€way.€€His€second€statement€œplaced›€primary€responsibility€on€œan€adultÏstranger.›€€Once€the€officers€learned€of€the€presence€of€family€members€theyÏpermitted€defendant€to€choose€the€adult€whom€he€wished€to€have€present.€€TheÏlast€and€most€inculpatory€statement€was€witnessed€by€that€adult.€€This€issue€hasÏno€merit.ÌÌà àAlthough€not€specifically€noted€in€his€statement€of€issues,€defendantÏargues€in€his€brief€that€his€motion€to€suppress€filed€in€criminal€court€should€haveÏbeen€granted€on€the€same€grounds.€€It€is€established€law€in€this€state€that€onceÏa€juvenile€has€been€transferred€from€juvenile€court€to€criminal€court€to€be€triedÏas€an€adult,€he€is€afforded€only€those€protections€that€are€available€to€similarlyÏsituated€adults.€€òòColyer€v.€Stateóó,€577€S.W.2d€460,€462„63€(Tenn.€1979).€€TheÏextra€protections€outlined€in€the€juvenile€code€no€longer€apply.€€òòId.óó€at€463;€òòStateÏv.€Turnmireóó,€762€S.W.2d€893,€896€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Therefore,€theÏprotections€of€the€juvenile€code€were€not€applicable€at€the€suppression€hearingÏin€the€defendantððs€adult€trial.€€òòId.óó€at€897.ÌÌà àThe€testimony€is€undisputed€that€defendant€was€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóóÏrights,€that€he€signed€a€special€juvenile€waiver€of€rights€form,€and€that€heÏappeared€to€understand€his€rights.€€The€trial€judge€found€that€the€statementsÏwere€freely,€knowingly,€and€voluntarily€made.€€The€evidence€does€notÏpreponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€didÍnot€err€in€denying€the€appellantððs€motion€to€suppress€the€statements.ÌÌà@ àC.Ìà àDefendant€finally€contends€that€his€substantive€due€process€rights€wereÏviolated€because€he€was€not€granted€the€right€to€an€acceptance€hearing€underÏa€statute€which€applied€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€offense€but€had€been€repealedÏby€the€time€his€request€was€made.ÌÌà àIn€order€for€a€juvenile€to€be€transferred€to€criminal€court€to€be€tried€as€anÏadult,€the€juvenile€court€must€conduct€a€transfer€hearing€in€accordance€withÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð37„1„134.€€A€transfer€pursuant€to€this€section€terminates€theÏjurisdiction€of€the€juvenile€court€with€respect€to€the€delinquent€acts€originallyÏalleged.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð37„1„134(c).€€Prior€to€April€15,€1994,€T.C.A.Ïðð37„1„159(d)€provided€that,€upon€proper€motion,€the€trial€court€must€hold€aÏhearing€to€determine€whether€it€would€accept€jurisdiction€over€the€child.€€ThisÏhearing€was€to€be€conducted€de€novo€and€functioned€essentially€as€a€review€ofÏthe€transfer€hearing.€€òòColyer€v.€Stateóó,€577€S.W.2d€at€463€n.2.€€Following€theÏhearing,€the€criminal€court€could€remand€the€child€back€to€the€juvenile€court€orÏenter€an€order€certifying€that€it€had€taken€jurisdiction€over€the€child.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð37„1„159(e).€€Since€April€15,€1994,€the€effective€date€of€an€amendment€toÏthe€statute,€the€acceptance€hearing€is€authorized€only€if€a€non„lawyer€judgeÏpresides€at€the€original€transfer€hearing.ÌÌà àThe€right€to€a€probable€cause€hearing€by€a€judge€licensed€to€practice€lawÏbefore€a€juvenile€is€deprived€of€his€liberty€is€guaranteed€under€Article€I,€SectionÏ8€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€òòState€ex€rel.€Anglin€v.€Mitchellóó,€575€S.W.2dÏ284,€289€(Tenn.€1979).€€However,€no€constitutional€right€exists€to€more€than€oneÏsuch€valid€hearing,€particularly€where€one€was€designed€primarily€as€a€reviewÏof€the€other.€€òòSeeóó€òòColyer€v.€Stateóó,€577€S.W.2d€at€463€n.2.€€If€the€juvenile€judgeÏwho€presides€at€the€transfer€hearing€is€a€lawyer,€the€statute€does€not€provide€forÏan€acceptance€hearing€in€criminal€court€and€one€apparently€cannot€be€held.€ÏòòState€v.€Griffinóó,€914€S.W.2d€564,€566€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).ÌÌà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àII.Ìà àIn€his€second€major€issue€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏfailing€to€grant€a€judgment€of€acquittal€because€the€state€failed€to€refute€theÏinsanity€defense€he€established.€€ÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€we€mustÏreview€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€in€determiningÏwhether€ð ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€€307,€319,€99ÏS.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÏevidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€state€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÍproof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,Ï835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weightÏand€value€to€be€given€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòId.óó€ÌÌà àInsanity€at€the€time€of€an€offense€is€an€absolute€defense€if,€as€a€result€ofÏmental€disease€or€defect,€the€defendant€lacked€substantial€capacity€either€toÏappreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€his€conduct€or€to€conform€that€conduct€to€theÏrequirements€of€the€law.€€òòState€v.€Sparksóó,€891€S.W.2d€607,€615€(Tenn.€1995);ÏòòGraham€v.€Stateóó,€547€S.W.2d€531,€543„44€(Tenn.€1977).€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.Ïðð39„11„501(a).€€Since€the€defendant€is€presumed€sane,€he€has€the€initialÏburden€of€proof.€€However,€if€the€proof€raises€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€theÏdefendantððs€sanity,€the€burden€shifts€to€the€state€to€establish€sanity€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€òòSparksóó,€891€S.W.2d€at€615.€€Sanity€then€becomes€anÏelement€of€the€offense.€€òòId.óó€at€616.ÌÌà àThe€state€can€meet€its€burden€of€proof€through€the€presentation€of€expertÏopinions,€lay€opinions,€and€acts€or€statements€of€the€defendant€at€or€near€theÏtime€of€the€crime,€which€are€consistent€with€sanity€or€inconsistent€with€sanity.€ÏòòId.óó,€€òòquotingóó€€òòEdwards€v.€Stateóó,€540€S.W.2d€641,€646€(Tenn.€1976),€òòcert.óó€òòdeniedóó,Ï429€U.S.€1061,€97€S.Ct.€784,€50€L.Ed.2d€777€(1977).€ÌÌà àAll€the€expert€evidence€on€the€issue€of€insanity€was€presented€byÏdefendantððs€treating€professionals,€Dr.€Thomas€Pendergrass€and€Dr.€AllenÏSolomon.€€Each€testified€at€trial€very€similarly€to€the€way€he€testified€at€theÏtransfer€hearing,€and€their€opinions€conflicted.€€Both€found€the€presence€ofÏmental€disease.€€Dr.€Solomon€identified€severable€psychiatric€illnesses.€€Dr.ÏPendergrass€focused€on€defendantððs€substance€abuse€by€ð ðhuffingðð€paint.€€HeÏcould€not€say€whether€defendant€suffered€from€a€mental€disease€at€the€time€ofÏthe€murder.ÌÌÌà àDr.€Solomon€initially€testified€that€defendant€probably€could€notÏappreciate€right€from€wrong€at€the€time€of€the€murder,€and€could€not€conform€hisÏactions.€€However,€in€other€parts€of€his€testimony€he€stated€that€defendant€knewÏthat€killing€his€mother€was€wrong,€and€that€he€knew€right€from€wrong.€€AfterÏhearing€defendantððs€detailed€account€of€the€murder€Dr.€Solomon€acknowledgedÏthat€defendant€may€have€known€what€he€was€doing.ÌÌà àDr.€Pendergrass€testified€that€the€defendantððs€ability€in€his€third€statementÏto€provide€significant€details€about€the€murder€suggested€that€he€was€not€in€anÏintoxicant„induced€blackout€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€Defendant€could€tell€rightÏfrom€wrong€when€Dr.€Pendergrass€first€saw€him€one€week€after€the€murder.€€HeÏtestified€that€defendantððs€cold€and€calm€demeanor€and€his€ability€to€organizeÏand€carry€out€the€fairly€complex€steps€taken€to€commit€the€murder€and€hide€theÍbody€also€militated€against€a€finding€of€impairment€at€the€time€of€the€offense.ÌÌà àNumerous€lay€witnesses€also€provided€conflicting€testimony€aboutÏdefendantððs€mental€state€at€the€time€of€the€murder.€€His€brother€said€the€onlyÏhuffing€on€the€day€of€the€murder€occurred€many€hours€earlier.€€Most€personsÏwho€saw€defendant€immediately€after€the€murder€testified€that€he€appearedÏnormal€and€not€under€the€influence€of€any€intoxicant.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€able€to€fabricate€a€story€to€provide€an€opportunity€toÏremain€alone€in€the€trailer€with€his€mother.€€He€then€assembled€a€rifle,€fired€itÏfive€times€into€his€motherððs€head,€disassembled€it,€put€it€in€its€case,€and€tossed€itÏinto€a€ditch.€€He€ransacked€the€trailer€to€create€the€impression€of€a€burglary.€€HeÏwrapped€his€motherððs€body€in€a€mattress€cover€and€moved€it€to€the€woods.€€HeÏalso€cleaned€up,€changed€his€clothes,€and€disposed€of€his€bloody€garments.€€AllÏthese€actions€suggest€defendantððs€understanding€of€the€wrongfulness€of€hisÏactions.̛̜Ìà àThe€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€rejection€of€defendantððsÏinsanity€defense.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌœ›à@ àIII.Ìà àDefendant€finally€contends€that€the€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€toÍfifteen€(15)€years€because€he€should€have€been€sentenced€as€an€especiallyÏmitigated€offender.€€€When€a€defendant€complains€of€his€sentence,€we€conduct€aÏòòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness€of€the€findings€of€the€trialÏcourt.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€uponÏan€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€However,€the€burden€of€showing€that€theÏsentence€was€improper€is€upon€the€appealing€party.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.ÌÌà àIn€determining€an€appropriate€sentence,€the€court€must€consider€theÏfollowing:€(1)€any€evidence€from€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€theÏpresentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing;€(4)€the€nature€andÏcharacteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€information€concerning€the€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors€as€found€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð40„35„113€and€114;€and€(6)Ïthe€defendantððs€statement€in€his€own€behalf€concerning€sentencing.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð40„35„210(b).ÌÌà àThe€sentence€range€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€fifteen€(15)€to€twenty„five€(25)Ïyears.€€The€presumptive€sentence€for€the€defendant€is€the€minimum€sentence€inÏthe€range€before€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors€are€considered.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€The€trialÍcourt€in€this€case€sentenced€the€defendant€to€fifteen€(15)€years,€which€is€theÏpresumptive€minimum€in€the€range.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€two€enhancement€factors€applied€under€theÏprovisions€of€T.C.A.€ðð40„35„114:€(9)€that€the€defendant€possessed€a€firearmÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense,€and€(15)€that€the€defendant€abused€aÏposition€of€private€trust€in€that€he€killed€a€family€member.€€Both€factors€areÏapplicable€here.€€The€presence€of€even€a€single€enhancement€factorÏdisqualifies€the€defendant€from€sentencing€as€an€especially€mitigated€offender.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„109(a)(2);€òòState€v.€Bradenóó,€867€S.W.2d€750,€762„63Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€For€this€reason€alone€defendantððs€argument€must€fail.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€applied€three€mitigating€factors€under€T.C.A.€ðð40„35„113:Ï(3)€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€or€justify€the€criminal€conduct,Ïthough€failing€to€establish€a€defense;€(6)€because€of€his€youth,€the€defendantÏlacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offense;€and€(11)€the€crime€wasÏcommitted€under€such€unusual€circumstances€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustainedÏintent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€his€conduct.€€Having€found€two€enhancingÏand€three€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€acted€within€its€discretion€inÏsentencing€defendant€to€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà àFor€the€reasons€set€forth€above,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmedÏin€all€respects.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCORNELIA€A.€CLARKÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌœÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAYÌJUDGEÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÌJUDGEÌÇÑ7€ “† XXdì XXdì7Ñà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€TENNESSEE€ATÏKNOXVILLEÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9605„CC„00178Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àMcMINN€COUNTYÌà àà àAppellee,à àà à)à à€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Mayo€Mashburn,€JudgeÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(SECOND€DEGREE€MURDER)ÌJOSHUA€McDANIEL,à àà à)€€€à àNo.€95„586€BELOWÌà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌó óÌÌà@ àòòò òJUDGMENTóóó óÌÌÌÌà àCame€the€appellant,€Joshua€McDaniel,€by€counsel€and€also€came€theÏattorney€general€on€behalf€of€the€state,€and€this€case€was€heard€on€the€recordÏon€appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€of€McMinn€County;€and€upon€considerationÏthereof,€this€court€is€of€the€opinion€that€€there€is€no€reversible€error€in€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àOur€opinion€is€hereby€incorporated€in€this€judgment€as€if€set€out€verbatim.ÌÌà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€and€adjudged€by€this€court€that€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€is€affirmed,€and€the€case€is€remanded€to€the€Criminal€Court€ofÏMcMinn€County€for€execution€of€the€judgment€of€that€court€and€for€collection€ofÏcosts€accrued€below.ÌÌà àCosts€of€this€appeal€will€be€paid€by€the€appellant.ÌÌÌò òà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCornelia€A.€Clark,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌ