WPC U:V %nX 0442 F w@N 0J 0T 0^, 0h 0r 0|d 0 0f 1u U,k 0 U,WB)DC AMU*<fv~d Bv D3 0@ AOE 0DZ D/ B<6X9`("Courier NewTTX3|x<6X9`("Courier NewTTXXx6X@DQX@<6X9`("Courier NewTT6X@DQ@( T$  yp  DDDEDӀ2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23    ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernPp 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X\R\<  9p`(Monaco% Line 7 d7Border 1dd- C << G<  9p`(Arial !  ""   YYY FILED"X July17,1996CecilCrowson,Jr."AppellateCourtClerk PtPt dStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA Op Monaco  BA Op Monaco %%%%'dxd("$    -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &Xd&#Xd#    X \RA'\ћ@ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEٜL!# ;+'h|`  `Lߛ@ ATKNOXVILLE@ DECEMBER1994SESSIONX ԀԀ STATEOFTENNESSEE ,$$XԀ̀AppelleeԀ  No.03C019409CR00313̀    vs.P P      MONROECOUNTY       Hon.R.StevenBebb,Judge DAVIDGARYMILLSAPS ,X̀Appellant((   (DisorderlyConduct)FORTHEAPPELLANT:FORTHEAPPELLEE:proseattrialCharlesW.BursoǹAttorneyGeneral&Reporter̀WilliamC.DonaldsonJenniferL.Smith110WashingtonAvenue,N.E.  AssistantAttorneyGeneralAthens,TN37303    CriminalJusticeDivision(onappeal)     450JamesRobertsonParkway        Nashville,TN372430493        JerryN.Estes        DistrictAttorneyGeneral       SteveWard       AsstDist.AttorneyGeneral        TellicoStreet        Madisonville,TN.37354OPINIONFILED:_______________________ REVERSEDANDDISMISSEDX RobertE.Burch SpecialJudge 7ֽXXdXXd7@ OPINION  ThedefendantappealshisconvictionoftheoffenseofϜdisorderlyconduct,presentingforreviewthesingleissueofwhethertheevidenceissufficienttosustainaconvictionofthatoffense.@ FACTS  OfficersoftheSweetwaterPoliceDepartmentweredispatchedtoareporteddisturbanceattheHuddleHouseRestaurant.Uponarrival,theofficersfoundnothingpresentlyamiss.Aninvestigationpointedtoappellantasaparticipantintheearlierreporteddisturbance. Whenquestioned,appellantbecamebelligerentandrefusedtoaccompanytheofficersoutsideforquestioning,throwinghiscarkeysatoneoftheofficers.OfficerMartinthen"scooted"theappellantoverinhisboothandtookhimoutside. Onceoutside,appellantwas"cussing,holleringandverybelligerent".OfficersVineyardandMartinbothansweredaffirmativelywhenaskediftheyfeltappellantsconducttobeviolentorthreatening.@ STANDARDOFREVIEW  Onappeal,theStateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallreasonableorlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.Statev.Cabbage571S.W.2d832(Tenn.1978).Averdictofguilt,approvedbythetrialjudge,accreditsthetestimonyoftheState'switnessesandresolvesallconflictsintestimonyinfavoroftheState.Statev.Townsend525S.W.2d842(Tenn.1975).Thepresumptionofinnocenceistherebyremovedandapresumptiononguiltexistsonappeal.Anglinv.State553S.W.2d616(Tenn.Crim.App.1977).Thedefendanthastheburdenofovercomingthispresumption.Statev.Brown551S.W.2d329(Tenn.1977). Whenthesufficiencyoftheevidenceischallengedonappeal,thetestiswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinalightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Statev.Duncan698S.W.2d63(Tenn.1985);Rule13(e),ϜT.R.A.P.@ ANALYSIS  T.C.A.3917305providesthattheoffenseofdisorderlyϜconductiscommittedinteraliawhenapersoninapublicplaceandwiththeintenttocauseapublicannoyanceoralarmengagesin violent or threatening behavior.Thiswastheparticularoffensechargedintheindictment. ThefactsintroducedinevidencebytheStateinthiscaseandreviewedhereinaboveestablishthattheessentialelementsofthestatutehavenotbeenestablishedbeyondareasonabledoubt,evenwhenviewedintheirmostfavorablelight.Theappellant'sactionswerecharacterizedbytheofficersas"belligerent"and loud.Theofficerstestifiedtoveryfewfacts,mostlystatingtheirconclusionthattheappellantwas belligerentor uncooperative.Whenaskedthedirect(butleading)questionofwhetherappellantsactionshadbeen violentorthreatening,OfficerVineyardreplied, Atsometimes,yes.Inansweringasimilarquestion,OfficerMartinresponded, Ifeltlikeitwas,yes.ThesetwostatementscomprisedalloftheproofofferedbytheStateofaviolationofthestatute. Belligerentactionsdonotrisetothelevelofviolentorthreatening.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,1969ed.defines Belligerentas,Giventoormarkedbyhostileoraggressivebehavior.Thisdefinitiondoesnotrisetothelevelofviolentorthreateningbehavior,whichwouldrequireanovertactordirectthreatofharm.Thereisnoproofofsuchactsintherecord,onlytheconclusoryanswersoftheofficerstoimproperlyleadingquestions.Inshort,thereareno facts uponwhichaviolationofthestatutecanbebased.Ifsearchwarrantsandarrestwarrantsmustbebaseduponfactsandnotconclusionsthatacrimehasbeencommitted,HughesvState588S.W.2d296(Tenn.1979),StatevMitchell593S.W.2d280(Tenn.1980),thesameshouldbetrueofaconvictionofan͜elementofacriminaloffensebeyondareasonabledoubt.̀ Appellantcommittednoactthreateningtowardtheofficers.SeeStatevCreasy885S.W.2d829(Ct.Crim.App.1994).TheonlypossiblethreateningactwasthethrowingofappellantscarkeysϜat(orto)theofficer.OfficerMartindescribedthisactionas tossing.Neitherofficertestifiedthatheregardedtheactionasmenacing. Weholdthatthereareinsufficient facts containedintherecordnorinferencesfromthosefactsforarationaltrieroffacttofindappellantguiltyofthisoffensebeyondareasonabledoubt.Statev.Tuggle639S.W.2d913(Tenn.1982). Thejudgementofthetrialcourtisreversedandthecaseisdismissed.        _________________________         RobertE.Burch,         SpecialJudge̛̜ CONCUR: Xԛ_________________________̀GaryR.Wade,Judge̜_________________________̀JosephM.Tipton,Judge