ÿWPC! …# VU>a %Ÿ 0í¥UB’ 4Ô è n­÷ U:¤ Þ w@æ 01& 0DW 0J› 0Tå 0^9 0h— 0rÿ 0|q 0†í 0s 1u 0dx BÜU.ù AM'ktU6ß¡U*¶B)àDC  D3L AM 0XÌv~$vÓ¢ AOuÆÄ 0DŠ D/Î Bý ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi·‚^!3|xe«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular QRSTDUVEWXYZÓ€(á(3ŒI$¤¤Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€ˬXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Courier€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ aÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òMarch€20,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó< Œ 9p`(Courier New —Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€'ÔÑ7À ýXXdÈdÈ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€Ô€'ôÔThe€sole€justification€for€the€pat„down€search€authorized€in€òòTerryóó€ð ðis€the€protection€ofÏthe€police€officer€and€others€nearby,€and€it€must€therefore€be€confined€in€scope€to€an€intrusion€reasonablyÏdesigned€to€discover€guns,€knives,€clubs€or€other€hidden€instruments€for€the€assault€of€the€police€officer.ðð€ÏòòTerryóó,€392€U.S.€at€29,€88€S.€Ct.€at€1884.€€At€the€suppression€hearing€in€this€case,€Officer€Stockton€deniedÏthat€he€was€searching€for€weapons€when€he€found€the€cocaine€in€the€defendantððs€pocket.€€Instead,€heÏsaid€that€he€was€searching€for€drugs.ÌÔ€'XÔ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ(0"ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€""Xd#ÑÑ#€""Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€'ÔÑ7€  Ó XXdæXXdÈ7ÑœßR€#$)A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OFÏTENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€NOVEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9503„CR„00067Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àRoane€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Honorable€E.€Eugene€Eblen,€Judge€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌANGELA€MOORE,€€€€€à à€€à à)à à€(Simple€possession€of€cocaine)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌJoe€H.€Walkerà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌPublic€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌWalter€B.€Johnson,€IIà àà àà àHunt€S.€BrownÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€ofÏTennessee€€€€€€€€€P.O.€Box€334à àà àà àà à450€James€RobertsonÏParkwayà àà àÌHarriman,€TN€37748à àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àCharles€HawkÌà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àRoger€DelpÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€703Ìà àà àà àà àà àœKingston,›€TN€œ37763„0703›ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÇÓÓà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Angela€Moore,€was€convicted€upon€her€plea€ofÏguilty€in€the€Roane€County€Criminal€Court€of€the€offense€of€simple€possession€ofÏcocaine,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.€€She€received€a€suspended€sentence€ofÏeleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€and€a€fine€of€seven€hundred€œand€fifty›Ïdollars.€€She€appeals€as€of€right€upon€a€certified€question€of€law€that€isÏdispositive€of€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€3(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€37(b).€€SheÏcontends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€her€motion€to€suppress€cocaineÏand€a€pipe€that€was€seized€from€her€in€violation€of€her€Fourth€Amendment€rights.€ÏIn€support,€she€argues€that€the€police€stopped€her€without€having€reasonableÏsuspicion€to€believe€that€she€had€committed€a€crime€and€then€unreasonablyÏsearched€her€pockets.€€We€conclude€that€the€defendant's€Fourth€AmendmentÏrights€were€not€violated€and€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àRoane€County€Deputy€Sheriff€Jack€Stockton€testified€that€heÏworked€for€the€Harriman€Police€Department€on€September€29,€1993,€andÏconducted€surveillance€of€a€house€where€drugs€were€reportedly€beingÏdistributed.€€€While€conducting€the€surveillance,€he€saw€a€car€drop€theÏdefendant€off€in€the€street€in€front€of€the€house.€€He€said€that€the€defendantÏentered€the€house€for€a€couple€of€minutes€and€then€returned€to€the€street.€€HeÍsaid€that€the€defendant€was€standing€in€the€middle€of€the€road€and€that€heÏthought€she€saw€him.€€He€recalled€that€he€decided€to€approach€the€defendant€toÏget€her€out€of€the€way€before€the€people€in€the€house€discovered€theÏsurveillance.€€He€said€that€he€shined€his€flashlight€on€her€as€he€wasÏapproaching€her€and€that€he€noticed€a€shiny€object€in€her€right€front€pocket.€€HeÏadmitted€that€he€did€not€know€what€the€object€was€immediately,€but€when€he€gotÏclose€to€her,€he€recognized€that€it€was€a€pipe€used€to€smoke€crack€cocaine.€€HeÏsaid€that€the€defendant€was€nervous€and€fidgety€and€that€he€grabbed€the€objectÏfrom€her€pocket€and€then€frisked€her.€€He€recalled€finding€a€small€piece€of€crackÏcocaine€in€her€pocket.€€He€said€that€after€he€took€the€pipe€and€cocaine€from€theÏdefendant,€her€ride€arrived,€and€he€allowed€her€to€leave.€€Approximately€twentyÏdays€later,€Officer€Stockton€obtained€œa›€warrant€against€the€œdefendant€forÏpossession€of€cocaine.›ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Stockton€admitted€that€he€did€notÏstop€any€of€the€other€people€he€had€seen€enter€and€leave€the€house€that€nightÏand€reiterated€that€he€approached€the€defendant€because€she€was€a€threat€toÏhis€surveillance.€€He€recalled€that€the€pipe€was€sticking€out€of€her€pocket€an€inchÏwhen€he€noticed€it.€€He€admitted€that€he€first€thought€that€the€shiny€object€was€aÏweapon€and€that€he€realized€it€was€a€pipe€used€to€smoke€crack€cocaine€whenÏhe€frisked€her.€€However,€he€also€stated€that€he€recognized€that€the€object€wasÍused€to€smoke€crack€cocaine€when€he€got€close€enough€to€the€defendant.€€TheÏofficer€testified€that,€after€he€confiscated€the€pipe,€he€continued€to€search€theÏdefendant€for€drugs,€not€for€weapons.ÌÌà àOn€redirect€examination,€Officer€Stockton€clarified€that€he€removedÏthe€pipe€from€the€defendant's€pocket€because€he€recognized€what€it€was€whenÏhe€approached€her.€€During€recross€examination,€the€officer€testified€that€he€didÏnot€recall€whether€he€told€the€defendant€to€stop€when€he€approached€her€butÏsaid€that€he€ran€up€to€her€and€that€she€knew€she€could€not€go€anywhereÏbecause€she€knew€who€he€was€and€that€he€wanted€her.€€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€overruled€the€defendantððs€motion€to€suppress€andÏmade€the€following€findings:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àThat€the€Police€Officials€were€justified€in€approachingÏdefendant€under€the€circumstances€set€out€in€theÏhearing,€and€that€upon€seeing€what€was€known€toÏthe€officer€as€a€'crack€pipe'€protruding€fromÏdefendant's€pocket,€were€justified€in€seizing€the€pipe.€ÏThis€all€occurred€outside€a€residence€known€to€theÏofficers€as€a€'crack€house',€and€which€the€officers€hadÏunder€surveillance€at€the€time.€€The€search€of€theÏdefendant's€pocket€on€this€occasion€produced€whatÏwas€later€identified€by€the€State€Laboratory€asÏcocaine.€€This€search€of€the€defendant's€pocketÏunder€the€circumstances€as€set€out€in€the€motionÏhearing€was€justified.ÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓOn€appeal,€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€on€a€motion€to€suppress€areÏconclusive€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€€òòState€v.€Binionóó,Ï900€S.W.2d€702,€704€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).Ì€à@ àò òÌó óà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€grantedÏher€motion€to€suppress€because€Officer€Stockton€stopped€her€without€aÏreasonable€suspicion€supported€by€specific€and€articulable€facts€and€thenÏunreasonably€searched€her€pockets€for€drugs.€€With€respect€to€the€defendantððsÏcontention€that€she€was€seized€in€violation€of€the€Fourth€Amendment,€œwe›€noteÏthat€to€make€a€constitutionally€reasonable€stop€or€seizure,€an€officer€must,€atÏleast,€have€a€reasonable€suspicion€based€upon€specific€articulable€facts€that€aÏcriminal€offense€has€been€or€is€about€to€be€committed.€€òòSeeóó€òòTerry€v.€Ohioóó,€392ÏU.S.€œ1,€21,›€88€S.€Ct.€œ1868,€1880›€(1968);€òòState€v.€Watkinsóó,€827€S.W.2d€293,€294Ï(Tenn.€1992).€ÌÌà àHowever,€"not€all€personal€intercourse€between€policemen€andÏcitizens€involves€'seizures'€of€persons."€€œòòTerryóó,€392€U.S.at€19,€88€S.Ct.€at€1879›Ïœn.16.›€€For€a€person€to€be€seized€within€the€meaning€of€the€Fourth€Amendment,Ïthe€circumstances€surrounding€the€incident€must€be€such€that€"a€reasonableÏperson€would€have€believed€that€he€was€not€free€to€leave."€€òòUnited€States€v.ÏMendenhallóó,€446€U.S.€544,€554,€100€S.€Ct.€1870,€œ1877€(1980)›€(footnoteÍomitted);€òòState€v.€Mooreóó,€776€S.W.2d€933,€937€œ(Tenn.€1989).›€€An€officer€doesÏnot€commit€a€seizure€within€the€meaning€of€the€Fourth€Amendment€by€merelyÏapproaching€a€person€who€is€in€a€public€place.€€òòFlorida€v.€Royeróó,€460€U.S.€491,Ï497,€103€S.€Ct.€1319,€œ1324;€(1983);›€òòMooreóó,€776€S.W.2d€at€938.€€ÌÌà àBecause€the€defendant€was€standing€in€the€middle€of€a€publicÏstreet,€the€Fourth€Amendment€did€not€require€Officer€Stockton€to€have€aÏreasonable€suspicion€to€approach€her.€€Once€he€was€close€to€the€defendant,€heÏwas€justified€in€detaining€her€because€he€recognized€that€the€object€protrudingÏfrom€her€pocket€was€a€crack€pipe,€i.e.,€drug€paraphernalia.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„425.Ìà àÌà àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€search€of€her€pockets€for€drugsÏviolated€her€Fourth€Amendment€rights€because€the€search€went€beyond€thatÏwhich€is€permitted€under€òòTerryóó.€€Although€we€agree€with€the€defendant€that€theÏsearch€was€more€intrusive€than€is€allowed€under€òòTerryóó,× ƒ& ××  ×€we€conclude€that€theÏsearch€did€not€violate€her€Fourth€Amendment€rights.€ÌÌà àOfficer€Stockton€saw€the€defendant€enter€and€leave€a€houseÏwhere€he€believed€cocaine€was€being€sold.€€While€she€was€standing€in€theÏmiddle€of€a€public€street,€he€approached€her€and€observed€a€crack€pipe€stickingÏout€of€her€pocket.€€When€Officer€Stockton€saw€the€pipe,€he€had€probable€causeÏto€arrest€the€defendant€for€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia,€òòseeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„17„425,€and€probable€cause€to€believe€that€the€defendant€possessed€cocaine.€ÏAlthough€Officer€Stockton€could€have€arrested€the€defendant€once€he€saw€theÏpipe,€he€was€not€obligated€to€do€so.€€However,€he€œwas€still›€entitled€to€detain€andÏsearch€her€under€the€circumstances€in€this€case.Ì€Ìà àà àA€warrantless€search€conducted€pursuant€to€probableÏcause€and€exigent€circumstances€does€not€violate€the€Fourth€Amendment.€ÏòòCupp€v.€Murphyóó,€412€U.S.€291,€296,€93€S.€Ct.€2000,€2004€(1973);€òòState€v.ÏJohnsonóó,€705€S.W.2d€681,€684€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985).€€Concerned€about€theÏsurveillance€he€was€conducting,€œOfficer›€œStockton›€chose€not€to€take€theÏdefendant€into€custody€immediately.€€Instead,€he€searched€the€defendant,Ïsecuring€the€pipe€and€cocaine€before€she€had€the€opportunity€to€dispose€ofÏthem,€and€then€released€her.€€The€search,€based€œupon›€probable€cause€andÏexigent€circumstances,€was€reasonable€and€did€not€violate€the€defendantððsÏFourth€Amendment€rights.€ÌÌà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏjudgment€of€conviction€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJoe€D.€Duncan,€Special€Judgeà à