ÿWPCªL …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u©U, 0dJ B®U,ËU*÷B)!DCJ AMÆÚ‚ f"ˆ D3›rÎõ@" 0@5$;u$µ°&Ðe.g57½œ9®Y<­Av~´CvÓ2E AOKÆTK 0DL D/^L BL, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ FDGPHIDJKDLMPNUOÓ€ypÑ Ôô 3|xZ(Ð(3 ™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€,•XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¼Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌò òJulyÏ11,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€!ôÔAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó xÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À,•XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAs€a€matter€of€policy,€this€court€does€not€name€minors€but,€uses€theirÏinitials.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€188,€òònoteóó€1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ì \Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóDuring€the€evidentiary€hearing,€the€district€attorney€referred€to€theÏ"defendant's€statement."€€The€statement€is€not€contained€in€the€record.€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant's€eighteenth€birthday€was€on€October€6,€1994.Ì'ÿÿdxd hÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€State's€written€response€in€support€of€denial€recites:Ìà8 àà àReviewing€these€factors€there€appear€to€be€two€which€areÏfavorable€to€the€defendant:€his€lack€of€any€significant€prior€criminalÏrecord€and€the€letters€of€support€from€his€family€and€friends.€€TheÏfive€unknown€factors€are€basically€neutral,€leaving€six€unfavorableÏfactors.Ìà8 àà àOf€the€unfavorable€factors€the€defendant's€attitude€andÏbehavior€since€arrest€are€the€most€compelling€and€give€greaterÏweight€and€significance€to€the€deterrent€factor€and€the€question€ofÏthe€defendant's€amenability€to€correction.€.€.€clearly€the€defendantÏengaging,€after€his€indictment€in€this€case,€in€a€forcible€rape€of€aÏ15€year€old,€or€even€using€force€after€some€initial€consent€on€theÏpart€of€the€child,€indicate€strongly€that€this€defendant€is€notÏamendable€[sic]€to€correction€and€is€in€great€need€of€deterrence.Ìà8 àà àFor€all€of€these€reasons,€it€does€not€appear€that€a€diversionÏof€this€defendant€in€this€particular€case€would€serve€the€ends€ofÏjustice€or€the€needs€of€the€public€or€this€defendant.€€Indeed,€aÏdiversion€of€this€defendant€on€this€charge,€in€light€of€his€attitudeÏand€conduct€since€arrest,€would€appear€to€deprecate€[sic]€theÏseriousness€of€this€offense€and€would€neither€deter€this€defendant,Ïor€others€similarly€inclined€from€committing€such€crimes€in€theÏfuture.Ìà àà àThe€request€for€diversion€is€DENIED.Ì ëÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòsupraóó€note€1.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò 1Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€not€only€denies€the€rape,€but€also€denies€any€consensualÏsexual€relationship€with€HC.Ì «Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€preliminary€offense€report€of€this€second€allegation,€received€onlyÏeighteen€days€prior€to€the€hearing€on€May€10,€recites€the€following€details:Ìà8 àà àOn€April€14,€1995,€[HC],€age€15,€received€a€phone€call€fromÏone€James€Morgan.€.€.€and€was€invited€to€go€riding€around.€.€..€[HC]Ïwas€visiting€with€her€aunt€.€.€.€on€this€date.€€Morgan€picked€up€[HC]€.Ï.€.at€approximately€5:30€p.m.€and€the€two€of€them€went€ridingÏaround€Greeneville€for€several€hours.€€Morgan€then€drove€to€hisÏresidence€somewhere€behind€Pioneer€Credit€and€went€into€hisÏhouse€while€[HC]€waited€in€his€car.€.€.€.€He€drove€the€carÏsomewhere€behind€the€Co„Op.€.€.€€and€pulled€the€car€into€a€vacantÏfield.€€The€two€of€them€got€out€of€the€car€and€Morgan€got€a€blanketÏfrom€the€back€of€the€car.€€They€walked€up€to€a€barn€on€the€propertyÏand€in€the€barn€Morgan€spread€the€blanket€and€the€two€laid€downÏand€started€kissing.€€Morgan€removed€[HC's]€pants€and€underwearÏand€pulled€his€pants€down.€€He€then€attempted€to€have€sex€withÏ[HC]€and€according€to€her€she€said€"no"€and€he€held€her€arms€andÏhad€sex€against€her€will.€.€.€.€€They€then€drove€to€a€convenienceÏstore.€.€.€.€They€then€.€.€.cruised€for€about€an€hour€visiting€withÏfriends.€€Morgan€returned€[HC]€to€[her€aunt's]€residence€prior€toÏ10:00€p.m.€which€was€her€curfew.ÌÌà8 àà à[HC]€told€no€one€of€this€incident€until€April€20th€when€sheÏtold€her€girlfriend.€.€.€.€€[HC]€then€told€her€aunt€and€her€grandmotherÏof€the€incident.€.€.€.à àà àÌ ÆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIn€a€memo€to€the€district€attorney€from€the€public€defender,€dated€May€8,Ïthe€following€information€regarding€the€alleged€rape€was€revealed:Ìà8 àà à[HC's€aunt€and€uncle]€indicated€that€[HC]€has€experiencedÏsome€problems€and€that€at€this€time€they€believe€she€has€beenÏdismissed€from€school€for€possession€of€illegal€substances.€ÏAccording€to€these€parties€this€young€lady€has€been€sent€to€herÏgrandmother's€due€to€the€mother's€inability€to€handle€her.€€TheyÏalso€indicate€that€she€has€an€extraordinary€need€for€attention€andÏa€history€of€acting€out€to€obtain€attention.€.€.€.Ìà8 àà àAfter€[HC€and€the€appellant]€arrived€back€home,€[her€auntÏand€uncle]€.€.€.€did€not€notice€anything€out€of€the€ordinary.€.€.€.Ìà8 àà àOn€that€evening€this€young€lady€told€her€aunt€that€she€hadÏhad›€a€sexual€encounter€and€indicated€that€it€was€with€James.€€SheÏfurther€indicated€that€she€had€previously€had€sex€and€named€theÏperson€but€the€aunt€does€not€recall€who€she€named.€€At€that€timeÏthere€was€no€indication€by€this€young€lady€that€any€force€orÏcoercion€was€used€at€all€if,€in€fact,€a€sexual€act€did€occur.Ìà8 àà àAfter€[HC]€had€gone€home€and€before€she€said€she€wasÏraped€she€had€another€conversation€with€her€[aunt].€€She€said€sheÏhad€been€calling€James€and€he€would€not€return€her€calls.€.€.€.Ìà8 àà àNeither€can€believe€she€has€made€these€allegations.€ÏObviously€due€to€the€family€matters€involved,€their€preferenceÏwould€be€not€to€be€required€to€testify.€€But€if€necessary€they€areÏwilling€to€relate€matters€to€which€they€have€personal€knowledge€inÏcourt€or€otherwise.Ìà8 àà àOn€May€4,€1995€[HC's€aunt]€had€another€conversation€withÏ[HC].€€[HC]€told€both€[the€aunt]€and€her€grandmother€that€James€didÏnot€rape€her.Ì ]Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note,€however,€that€the€district€attorney€did€not€predicate€denial€uponÏthe€"circumstances€of€the€offense."€€òòSeeóó€òòsupraóó€note€3.€€Ì ³Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€court€based€this€factor€upon€the€age€of€the€alleged€victim,€HM,€".€.Ï.just€one€year€older€than€would€have€caused€a€charge€of€aggravated€rape€toÏhave€been€lodged€against€the€defendant€with€a€huge€substantial€sentence.€.€.€."€€Ì ¤Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€At€the€time€of€the€alleged€second€incident,€HC€was€fifteen€years€oldÏand€the€appellant€was€eighteen€years€old.€€The€trial€judge€erroneously€appliedÏa€two€year€age€difference€between€victim€and€perpetrator.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„506€(1994€Supp›.)€provides,€in€pertinent€part:Ìà8 à(a)€€Statutory€rape€is€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€theÏdefendant€or€of€the€defendant€by€the€victim€when€the€victim€is€atÏleast€thirteen€(13)€but€less€than€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age€and€theÏdefendant€is€at€least€òòfour€(4)€years€older€than€the€victimóó.€€Ì(emphasis€added).€€At€the€certiorari€hearing,€neither€the€State€nor€the€publicÏdefender€noted€any€exception€to€the€trial€judge's€interpretation€of€the€statutoryÏrape€law.Ì £Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7ÀºeXXdðdð7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAn€appellate€court€is€not€the€proper€forum€for€resolution€of€disputedÏfacts.€€Factual€determinations€are€within€the€jurisdiction€of€the€trial€court.€ÏAccordingly,€we€make€no€determination€resolving€disputed€facts.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€Ùò òßL€%&$;+'h|` | `€€Lß›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OFÏCRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌà@ àFEBRUARYÏSESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9505„CR„00150Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àGREENEÏCOUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€JamesÏE.€Beckner,€JudgeÌò òJAMES€D.€MORGANó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Denial€ofÏPre„Trial€Diversion)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌJoyce€M.€Wardà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ1609€College€Park€Driveà àÌBox€11à àà àà àà àà àHunt€S.€BrownÌMorristown,€TN€€37816à àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Berkeley€Bell,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à113€W.€Church€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€€37743Ìà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌœREVERSED€AND€REMANDED›ÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓœÌà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€James€Dale€Morgan,€pursuant€to€Rule€9,€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.,Ïappeals€from€the€decision€of€the€Criminal€Court€of€Greene€County€affirming€theÏdistrict€attorney€general's€denial€of€his€application€for€pre„trial€diversion.€€TheÏappellant€seeks€to€divert€the€offense€of€statutory€rape.€€In€this€interlocutoryÏappeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€district€attorneyÏdid€not€abuse€his€discretion€in€denying€diversion.€€Specifically,€the€appellantÏalleges€that€the€district€attorney€abused€his€discretion€by€denying€diversionÏbased€upon€a€recanted€rape€allegation€made€by€a€second€alleged€victim€afterÏthe€appellant's€arrest€on€the€present€charge.€ÌÌÌà@ àò òI.€€BackgroundÌÌó óà àOn€€December€12,€1994,€a€Greene€County€Grand€Jury€returned€aÏpresentment€against€the€appellant€charging€him€with€statutory€rape.€€€TheÏappellant€submitted€a€written€petition€for€pre„trial€diversion€on€May€5,€1995.€ÏFive€days€later,€the€district€attorney€denied€diversion.€€The€appellant€then€filed€aÏpetition€for€writ€of€certiorari€to€review€the€district€attorney's€denial.€ÌÌà àThe€record€presented€for€review€at€the€certiorari€hearing€consisted€of€theÏfollowing€items:€the€appellant's€application€for€pre„trial€diversion,€whichÏincluded€twenty„nine€letters€attesting€to€his€character€and€reputation€in€hisÏcommunity;€a€preliminary€report€of€details€regarding€a€second€allegation€ofÏsexual€misconduct;€two€statements€by€HM× ƒ' ××  ×,€the€alleged€victim€in€this€case;€twoÏmemos€from€the€public€defender€to€the€district€attorney;€the€pre„sentence€report;Ïand€the€district€attorney's€written€response€denying€pre„trial€diversion.× ƒ( ××  ×€€AfterÏreviewing€these€matters€and€hearing€the€argument€of€counsel,€the€trial€judgeÏfound€that€the€district€attorney€had€not€abused€his€discretion€and,€accordingly,Ïdismissed€the€petition.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€was€seventeen€years€old€when€he€became€acquaintedÏwith€HM,€the€alleged€victim.€€At€that€time,€HM€was€thirteen€years€old,€althoughÏthe€appellant€contends€that€she€represented€herself€to€be€fifteen.€€The€appellantÏand€HM€had€known€each€other€for€several€months€before€the€alleged€incidentÏoccurred.€€On€the€date€of€the€alleged€statutory€rape,€HM€was€thirteen€years€oldÏand€the€appellant€was€eighteen.× ƒ) ××  ×€ÌÌà àOn€October€20,€1994,€HM€related€the€following€sequence€of€events€toÏDetective€Bobby€Johnson€of€the€Greeneville€Police€Department:ÌÓÓà8 àOn€Monday,€October€17,€1994€at€[approximately]€3:30€p.m.,€JamesÏMorgan€came€on€over€to€my€house.€.€.€.€€We€were€sitting€on€theÏcouch€and€began€kissing.€€He€pushed€me€down€hard€on€theÏcouch,€I€told€€him€not€to€start€anything€and€I€tried€to€get€up€but€heÏwas€on€top€of€me.€€James€was€holding€me€down€by€placing€hisÏhands€on€the€upper€parts€of€my€arms.€€I€repeatedly€told€him€to€stopÏit€but€he€wouldn't.€€I€asked€him€to€please€get€off€but€he€wouldn't.€€IÏstarted€crying€and€òòhe€unbuttoned€my€pants€and€started€jerkingÏthem€down.€€I€screamed€out€loud€about€three€times€then€continuedÏto€cry.€€I€told€him€again€to€stop€but€he€wouldn't€and€I€couldn't€getÏup.€€He€had€his€chest€on€mine€and€he€lifted€up€enough€to€get€hisÏpants€downóó.€.€.€.€I€told€him€no€but€he€said€yes,€I€was€going€to.€€WhenÏhe€penetrated€me€it€was€painful€because€I€was€a€virgin.€€I€told€himÏit€hurt€and€again€told€him€to€stop.€€He€said€it€would€be€alright€andÏcontinued€for€about€10„15€minutes.€€I€don't€know€if€he€ejaculated€orÏnot.€.€.€.€After€he€got€done€I€sat€on€the€couch€and€was€crying.€€HeÏtold€me€that€it€hurt€the€first€time€but€that€it€wouldn't€hurt€anymore.€ÏHe€told€me€he€loved€and€cared€about€me€that€is€why€he€did€it.€ÏòòJames€left€about€4€p.m.€€After€he€left€I€sat€and€cried€on€the€couchóó.€.€.Ï.ÌÌ(Emphasis€in€original).ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àFour€days€later,€HM,€referring€to€the€same€alleged€incident,€gave€anotherÏstatement€to€Detective€Johnson:ÌÓÓà8 àOn€Monday€Oct.€17th,€1994,€my€papaw€.€.€.€dropped€me€off€atÏGreenville€Middle€School€at€appro.€[sic]€7:45€a.m.€€I€met€withÏJames€Morgan,€who€picked€me€up,€and€did€not€go€to€school.€€WeÏdrove€around€for€awhile€and€talked.€€Around€9€a.m.€we€come€[sic]Ïto€my€house€.€.€.€.€We€went€into€the€house€and€was€watching€t.v.€ÏJames€asked€me€if€I€wanted€to€do€it,€I€told€him€no.€€James€later€left,Ítold€me€he€was€going€to€go€somewhere,€didn't€say€where,€andÏsaid€he€would€be€right€back.€€While€he€was€gone€I€called€TobyÏBrown€and€told€him€I€thought€James€wanted€me€to€do€it,€I€told€him€IÏdidn't€want€to.€€Toby€told€me€if€I€didn't€want€to€tell€James.€€JamesÏcome€back€so€I€hung€up€the€phone.€€He€came€in€and€sat€on€theÏcouch€then€started€kissing.€€òòThe€rest€is€like€my€first€statement,€I€toldÏhim€several€times€I€didn't€want€to€do€it€and€he€held€me€down€withÏhis€handsóó.€€After€we€had€sexual€intercourse€I€was€crying.€€He€triedÏto€console€me.€€After€a€while€we€went€to€Toby€Brown's€house€andÏrode€around€awhile.€€Toby€asked€me€about€doing€it€or€not,Ïeverytime€[sic]€he€did€I€just€turned€my€head.€€We€rode€around€tillÏabout€lunch€time€than€[sic]€James€brought€me€home.€€I€later€wentÏwith€Stacy€Procop€to€Piggly€Wiggly.€€We€met€Toby€Brown€andÏJames€Morgan€there,€Stacy€wanted€to€see€what€Toby€looked€like.€ÏWe€talked€to€them€about€5€minutes€then€left.€€I€told€Stacy€aboutÏhaving€sex€with€James€but€didn't€tell€her€that€he€forced€me€to.€€IÏdidn't€tell€the€truth€before€because€I€was€afraid€I'd€get€in€troubleÏwith€my€mom€about€[skipping]€school.€€I€also€didn't€think€or€plan€onÏall€this€happening.ÌÌÓÓ(Emphasis€in€original).ÌÌà àThe€appellant's€version€of€the€facts€indicates€that,€on€October€17,€by€priorÏarrangement,€the€appellant€went€to€HM's€home€€They€began€kissing,€and€soon,Ïit€became€apparent€that€they€were€going€to€have€a€sexual€relationship.€€HMÏrequested€that€the€appellant€use€a€condom.€€The€appellant€did€not€have€one.€€AtÏher€request,€the€appellant€went€to€the€county€health€department€€to€obtain€aÏcontraceptive€device.€€While€the€appellant€was€gone,€HM€called€Toby€Brown,Ïthe€appellant's€best€friend,€and€told€him€of€her€plans€to€have€a€sexualÏrelationship€with€the€appellant.€€She€was€still€on€the€telephone€with€Toby€whenÏthe€appellant€returned.€€Following€the€phone€conversation,€HM€and€theÍappellant€engaged€in€consensual€sexual€intercourse.€ÌÌÌà àAt€the€time€of€the€alleged€incident,€the€appellant€was€an€eighteen€yearÏold€male€who€had€dropped€out€of€high€school€in€the€eleventh€grade.€€TheÏappellant€has€no€criminal€history,€other€than€citations€for€misdemeanor€trafficÏoffenses.€€He€lives€with€his€grandparents€and€helps€them€to€the€best€of€hisÏability.€€He€is€in€excellent€physical€and€mental€condition.€€He€does€not€have€aÏreputation€for€or€a€record€of€any€type€of€violent€behavior.€€The€appellant€stated€inÏhis€affidavit€that€he€holds€no€animosity€toward€HM€and€was€very€distressed€toÏlearn€that€she€was€only€thirteen€years€old.€€He€has€no€history€of€drug€or€alcoholÏabuse.€€€His€employment€history€is€sporadic,€consisting€mainly€of€seasonalÏwork,€but€he€is€actively€pursuing€full„time€employment€in€the€construction€field.€ÌÌà àAt€the€certiorari€hearing,€the€district€attorney€admitted€that,€after€reviewingÏthe€material,€he€found€"that€there€were€two€factors€which€are€favorable€to€theÏdefendant.€.€.€.€€That€is€his€lack€of€any€significant€prior€criminal€record€and€theÏletters€of€support€from€his€family."€€However,€he€denied€diversion€due€to€severalÏunfavorable€factors.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€The€district€attorney€testified:ÌÓÓà8 à.€.€.€the€unfavorable€factors.€.€.€are€his€attitude.€€He€has€indicated€noÏremorse,€no€responsibility€for€his€acts.€.€.€.€[H]is€attitude€andÏbehavior€since€his€arrest€are€unfavorable,€and€they€also€addedÏgreat€and€significant€weight€to€the€factors€of€the€need€forÏdeterrence€and€the€fact€that€he€is€not€amenable€to€correction.€€.€.€.Ï[T]his€young€man€is€not€amenable€to€correction.€€He€has€no€idea€ofÏcorrection€and€he€certainly€needs€to€be€corrected.ÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€district€attorney€based€his€findings€solely€on€a€subsequent€rapeÏallegation€by€HC× ƒ, ××  ×,€a€fifteen€year€old€girl.€€This€allegation€led€to€a€subsequentÏinvestigation€of€the€appellant.€€However,€no€formal€charges€had€been€filedÍagainst€the€appellant€at€the€time€of€the€certiorari€hearing.× ƒ. ××  ×€€HC€alleged€that€theÏappellant€forcibly€raped€her€and€that€he€threatened€to€kill€her€if€she€reported€theÏincident.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€However,€contradictory€evidence€was€presented€which€indicates€thatÏHC€recanted€her€accusation.€€HC's€relatives€have€also€made€statements€whichÍsupport€her€retraction.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€The€State€denies€any€knowledge€of€her€recantation€andÏmaintains€that€this€information€was€not€available€to€the€State€until€after€theÏdecision€denying€diversion€had€been€made.€€The€appellant€argues€that,€on€MayÏ8,€two€days€before€the€State's€denial,€the€State€was€in€possession€of€a€facsimileÏfrom€the€public€defender€recounting€HC's€recantation€and€the€supportingÏstatements€of€her€family€members.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€"substantialÏevidence"€to€support€the€district€attorney's€denial€of€diversion.€€These€findingsÏincluded€lack€of€amenability€to€correction,€behavior€since€arrest,€attitude€of€lawÏenforcement,€deterrence,€and€the€circumstances€of€the€offense.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€ReviewingÏthese€findings,€the€court€related€each€factor,€except€for€"the€circumstances€of€theÏoffense,"× ƒ2 ××  ×€€to€the€second€incident€involving€the€alleged€rape€of€HC.€€€The€courtÏacknowledged€HC's€retraction€of€her€initial€allegation€of€forcible€rape.€€€Yet,€theÏtrial€court€found€that€"from€the€information€the€State€has€it€could€show€anotherÏstatutory€rape€because€there€is€a€two€year€age€difference,€more€than€a€two€yearÏage€difference.€.€.€.€€So€the€State€does€have€articulable€evidence€of€a€substantialÏnature€to€support€its€position.€.€.€."× ƒ3 ××  ×€€The€appellant€now€challenges€the€trialÍcourt's€decision.ÌÌà àÌò òà@ àII.€€Denial€of€Diversionó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€find€thatÏthe€district€attorney€abused€his€discretion€in€denying€the€appellant's€applicationÏfor€pre„trial€diversion.€€Specifically,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€district€attorneyÏabused€his€discretion€by€basing€his€denial€on€the€unsworn€allegation€of€HC,Ïeven€though€she€later€recanted€this€allegation.€€The€appellant€also€argues€that,Ïalthough€the€trial€court€recognized€the€possibility€that€the€charge€of€rape€mightÏnot€stand€based€upon€HC's€subsequent€recantation€of€its€occurrence,€it€erred€byÏconcluding€that€the€remaining€factual€allegations€support€a€charge€of€statutoryÏrape.€ÌÌà àThe€decision€to€grant€pre„trial€diversion€rests€within€the€discretion€of€theÏdistrict€attorney.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„15„105(b)(3)€(1994€Supp.);€òòsee€alsoóóÏòòState€v.€Hammerslyóó,€650€S.W.2d€352,€353€(Tenn.€1983);€òòState€v.€Houstonóó,€900ÏS.W.2d€712,€714€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995);ÏòòState€v.€Carróó,€861€S.W.2d€850,€855€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€When€decidingÍwhether€to€grant€an€application€for€pre„trial€diversion,€the€district€attorney€shouldÏconsider€the€circumstances€of€the€offense;€the€criminal€record,€social€history,Ïand€present€condition€of€the€defendant,€including€his€mental€and€physicalÏconditions€where€appropriate;€the€deterrent€effect€of€punishment€upon€otherÏcriminal€activity;€the€defendant's€amenability€to€correction;€the€likelihood€thatÏpre„trial€diversion€will€serve€the€ends€of€justice€and€the€best€interests€of€both€theÏpublic€and€the€defendant;€and€the€applicant's€attitude,€behavior€since€arrest,Ïprior€record,€home€environment,€current€drug€usage,€emotional€stability,€pastÏemployment,€general€reputation,€marital€stability,€family€responsibility,€andÏattitude€of€law€enforcement.€€òòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€866€S.W.2d€950,€951€(Tenn.Ï1993)€(citing€òòState€v.€Markhamóó,€755€S.W.2d€850,€852„53€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1988)€(citing€òòPace€v.€Stateóó,€566€S.W.2d€81€(Tenn.€1978)€and€òòHammersleyóó,€650ÏS.W.2d€at€352).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòHoustonóó,€900€S.W.2d€at€714.ÌÌÌà àThe€district€attorney's€decision€regarding€pre„trial€diversion€isÏpresumptively€correct,€and€the€trial€court€will€only€reverse€the€decision€when€theÏappellant€establishes€that€there€has€been€a€patent€or€gross€abuse€ofÏprosecutorial€discretion.€€òòHoustonóó,€900€S.W.2d€at€714€(citing€òòHammersleyóó,€650ÏS.W.2d€at€356).€€In€order€to€establish€abuse€of€discretion,€"the€record€must€showÏan€absence€of€any€substantial€evidence€to€support€the€district€attorney's€refusalÏto€grant€pre„trial€diversion."€€òòIdóó.€€The€trial€court€may€only€consider€evidenceÍconsidered€by€the€district€attorney€in€his€decision€denying€pre„trial€diversion.€ÏòòState€v.€Winsettóó,€882€S.W.2d€806,€810€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€The€trial€court€may€not€substitute€its€judgment€for€that€ofÏthe€district€attorney€when€his€decision€is€supported€by€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.ÏWatkinsóó,€607€S.W.2d€486,€489€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,Ï(Tenn.€1980).ÌÌà àFor€purposes€of€our€review,€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€are€binding€onÏthis€court€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€findings.€€òòHoustonóó,Ï900€S.W.2d€at€715.€€We€review€the€case,€not€to€decide€if€the€trial€judge€hasÏabused€his€discretion,€but€to€determine€if€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÏthe€findings€of€the€trial€judge€who€holds€that€the€district€attorney€has€or€has€notÏabused€his€discretion.€€òòWatkinsóó,€607€S.W.2d€at€489.€€Thus,€the€underlying€issueÏfor€our€determination€remains€whether€or€not,€as€a€matter€of€law,€the€prosecutorÏabused€his€discretion€in€denying€pre„trial€diversion.€€òòCarróó,€861€S.W.2d€at€856.ÌÌà àIn€denying€the€appellant€diversion,€the€district€attorney€relied€on€theÏsecond€alleged€incident€involving€the€forcible€rape€of€HC.€€The€district€attorneyÏapplied€this€later€occurring€alleged€offense€to€find€the€following€unfavorableÏfactors:€lack€of€amenability€to€rehabilitation,€remorsefulness,€deterrence,Ïattitude,€and€behavior.€€€He€denies€any€knowledge,€at€the€time€of€his€decision,€ofÏHC's€subsequent€recantation€of€the€rape€allegation€and€of€statements€by€herÍrelatives€supporting€her€later€retraction.€€Therefore,€according€to€the€districtÏattorney,€he€did€not€consider€her€recantation€in€his€decision€denying€diversion.€ÏThe€public€defender€insists€that,€two€days€prior€to€the€State's€denial,€she€sent€aÏfacsimile€to€the€district€attorney€narrating€HC's€subsequent€retraction.€€The€issueÏas€to€whether€the€prosecuting€attorney€knew€of€HC's€retraction€òòprioróó€to€hisÏdenial€remains€in€dispute.€€Because€the€trial€judge€did€not€decide€this€issue€atÏthe€certiorari€hearing,€we€remand€this€case€for€a€determination€of€this€issue.× ƒ4 ××  ׀̀€€Ìà à€Fundamental€fairness€dictates€that,€if€the€State€intends€to€rely€solelyÏupon€the€alleged€second€incident€of€rape,€there€must€be€probable€cause€toÏbelieve€that€the€offense€did€in€fact€occur.€€Contrary€to€the€trial€court's€finding,€theÏsecond€rape€allegation€does€not€support€a€charge€of€statutory€rape.€€òòSeeóó€€òòsupraóóÏnote€7.€€€To€deny€diversion€based€upon€an€alleged€event€that€may€or€may€notÏhave€occurred€would€constitute€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€Moreover,€an€allegationÏand€a€recantation€of€that€allegation€do€not€provide€"substantial€evidence"€toÏsupport€a€denial.€ÌÌà àThe€disputes€concerning€whether€the€district€attorney€had€knowledge€ofÏHC's€recantation€and€whether€the€facts€of€the€second€allegation€support€aÍcriminal€charge€preclude€us€from€reaching€a€conclusion€as€to€whether€denial€ofÏpre„trial€diversion€was€proper€in€this€case.€€Accordingly,€we€remand€this€case€toÏthe€trial€court€to€resolve€these€issues.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌ__________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge›