ÿWPCü $# UN %a 0(gw@4Ïãò 0Jú 0TD 0^˜ 0hö 0r^ 0|Ð 0†L 0Ò 1ub 0d×U>;U*yv~£vÓ! bô˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡  {    H     Däzz!3|x 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(ArialPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò- ù-Ý ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€#ÑÑ7€ÕXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌJANUARY€SESSION,€1997ÌÌ€ÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9512„CR„00370Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€W.€FRED€AXLEY,€JUDGEó óÌò òJASON€MORIN,€ó óà àò òà àà à)à àó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à à(AGGRAVATED€ASSAULT,€ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à àRECKLESS€ENDANGERMENT)Ìó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òTIMOTHY€JOEL€WILLIAMSà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó ó147€Jefferson€Avenue,€Suite€909à àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌMemphis,€TN€38103Ìò òà àà àà àà àà àà àS.€SCOTT€JACKSON€Ìó óà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€Avenue€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0491ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€W.€PIEROTTI€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJUDSON€W.€PHILLIPSó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€3rd€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103€ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€°ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àThe€Defendant€appeals€as€of€right€pursuant€to€Rule€3€of€the€TennesseeÏRules€of€Appellate€Procedure.›€€He€was€convicted€of€two€counts€of€aggravatedÏassault€and€one€count€of€reckless€endangerment€following€a€jury€trial€in€ShelbyÏCounty€Criminal€Court.€€The€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€six€(6)€years€on€oneÏaggravated€assault€charge€and€four€(4)€years€on€the€other€aggravated€assaultÏcharge€to€be€served€concurrently.€€The€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€two€(2)Ïyears€on€the€reckless€endangerment€charge€to€run€consecutively€to€theÏaggravated€assault€sentences.€He€argues€three€issues€in€this€appeal:€(1)ÏWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€disallowing€cross„examination€concerning€theÏpolice€pursuit€policy;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€jury€that€itÏcould€convict€the€Defendant€on€both€counts€of€the€aggravated€assault€basedÏupon€one€single€transaction;€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencingÏthe€Defendant€to€consecutive€sentences.€€œAs›€œmodified,€we€affirm›€œthe›€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court.ÌÌà àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€September€10,€1994,€the€Defendant€and€hisÏfriends€were€at€a€bar€called€Mugs€in€the€Raleigh€area€of€Memphis.€€Police€wereÏcalled€to€the€scene€because€of€an€altercation€in€the€bar.€€When€the€policeÍbegan€to€arrive,€the€Defendant€ran€out€of€the€bar,€carrying€what€was€thought€toÏbe€a€club.€€He€then€jumped€into€the€œvehicle›€in€which€he€œhad€come€to€the€bar›Ïwith€a€friend,€and€drove€out€of€the€parking€lot.€€The€officers€who€were€respondingÏto€the€call€followed€the€Defendant€signaling€him€to€pull€over.€€The€Defendant€didÏnot€stop€and€proceeded€to€lead€the€officers€on€a€high€speed€chase€that€lastedÏtwenty„five€(25)€to€thirty€(30)€minutes.€€The€speeds€reached€during€the€chaseÏwere€estimated€to€be€around€seventy€miles€an€hour.€€At€certain€points€during€theÏchase,€the€speed€reached€was€twice€the€speed€limit€of€the€œarea.Ì›Ìà àThe€chase€led€to€several€dangerous€situations.€€At€one€point€during€theÏchase,€the€Defendant€hit€a€dog.€€The€Defendant€also€drove€onto€a€field€thatÏwas€located€behind€a€local€high€school.€€He€proceeded€œto€drive€around€in€circles›Ïwhile€on€the€field€with€the€police€chasing€him.€€After€driving€off€the€field,€theÏDefendant€ran€a€stop€sign.€€As€he€was€running€this€stop€sign,€the€DefendantÏran€into€a€police€car€driven€by€Officer€D.€R.€Williams,€spun€around€360€degreesÏand€continued€to€flee.€€Officer€Williams€hit€his€head€against€the€window€of€hisÏvehicle€making€him€dizzy,€and€he€was€unable€to€work€the€remainder€of€his€shift.€ÏOfficer€Williams€also€sustained€an€injury€to€his€leg,€but€did€not€receive€medicalÏattention.€€The€Defendant€eventually€came€to€a€stop€at€a€dead€end€street€andÏattempted€to€flee€on€foot.€€He€was€caught€and€arrested.ÌÌÓ  ÓI.ÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€Defendantððs€first€issue€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowingÏthe€Defendant€to€cross„examine€the€police€officers,€who€testified€at€trial,Ïconcerning€their€violation€of€the€police€pursuit€policy.€€Following€a€discussion€outÏof€the€presence€of€the€jury,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€Defendant€could€notÏcross„examine€the€officers€concerning€the€Memphis€Police€Departmentððs€pursuitÏpolicy.€€The€Stateððs€€objection,€which€was€sustained€by€the€trial€court,€was€thatÏthe€pursuit€policy€was€not€relevant€to€the€proceedings.€€The€Defendant€nowÏargues€that€the€pursuit€policy€was€indeed€relevant,€and€the€trial€court€erred€inÏsustaining€the€Stateððs€objection.ÌÌà àRule€401€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€states€that€relevantÏevidence€is€ð ðevidence€having€any€tendency€to€make€the€existence€of€any€factÏthat€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€more€probable€or€lessÏprobable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.ðð€€The€Advisory€CommissionÏComments€that€accompany€Rule€401€state,€ð ð[œt]he›€materiality€concept€is€found€inÏthe€words,€ððany€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action.ðð€ÏTo€be€relevant,€evidence€must€tend€to€prove€a€material€issue.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó,€òòStateÏv.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àIn€its€brief€the€State€argues€that€the€police€pursuit€policy€is€not€a€materialÏissue€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó.€€We€agree.€€The€issue€at€trial€was€whether€theÏDefendant€was€guilty€of€reckless€endangerment€and€aggravated€assault.€ÏWhether€the€officers€violated€the€police€pursuit€policy€had€no€bearing€on€theÏDefendantððs€guilt€or€innocence.ÌÌà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓII.ÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€Defendantððs€second€issue€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€byÏinstructing€the€jury€that€it€could€convict€Defendant€on€both€counts€of€theÏaggravated€assault€charges,€based€upon€one€single€transaction€and€involvingÏone€criminal€mental€state.€€The€Defendant€was€indicted€on€two€counts€ofÏaggravated€assault.€€The€first€count€alleged€that€Defendant,€ð ðon€September€10,Ï1994,€in€Shelby€County,€Tennessee,€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÏunlawfully€and€intentionally,€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€to„wit:€a€motor€vehicle,Ïcause€bodily€injury€to€D.€R.€Williams,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„102.ðð€ÏAggravated€assault€under€this€provision€is€a€Class€C€felony.€€The€second€countÏalleged€that€Defendant,€ð ðon€September€10,€1994,€in€Shelby€County,€Tennessee,Ïand€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€did€unlawfully€and€recklessly,€by€use€ofÍa€deadly€weapon,€to„wit:€a€motor€vehicle,€cause€bodily€injury€to€D.€R.€Williams,Ïin€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„102.ðð€€Aggravated€assault€under€this€provision€is€aÏClass€D€felony.€€These€two€counts€are€both€for€aggravated€assault€stemmingÏfrom€the€collision€between€the€Defendant€and€the€officer.€€The€two€aggravatedÏassault€charges€are€identical€except€for€the€mental€states€of€intentional€in€CountÏ1€and€reckless€in€Count€2.ÌÌà àWe€find€that€these€two€convictions€for€aggravated€assault€violate€theÏdouble€jeopardy€clause€of€the€United€States€and€Tennessee€Constitutions.€ÏTherefore,€the€our€court€will€address€the€issue€of€double€jeopardy€as€this€is€plainÏerror.€€ð ðAn€error€which€has€affected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accused€may€beÏnoticed€at€any€time€.€.€.€in€the€discretion€of€the€appellate€court€where€necessaryÏto€do€substantial€justice.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).ÌÌà àDouble€jeopardy€is€a€long„standing€principle€in€both€the€United€StatesÏand€Tennessee€Constitutions.€€This€court€recently€addressed€Double€JeopardyÏin€òòState€v.€Pelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€œ7›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994):ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ ` ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓÌThe€double€jeopardy€clauses€of€the€United€States€and€TennesseeÏConstitutions€guard€against€three€evils:€a€second€prosecution€afterÏacquittal€for€the€same€offense;€a€prosecution€for€the€same€offenseÏafter€conviction;€and€multiple€convictions€or€punishments€for€theÏsame€offense.€€òòOhio€v.€Johnsonóó,€467€U.S.€493,€104€S.Ct.€2536,€81ÏL.Ed.2d€425(1984);€òòBrown€v.€Ohioóó,€432€U.S.€161,€165,€97€S.Ct.Í2221,€œ2225,›€53€L.Ed.2d€187€(1977).€€The€common€denominator€ofÏeach€is€whether€the€offenses€involved€are€the€same.€€BeforeÏmultiple€convictions€can€stand,€it€must€be€clear€that€the€offensesÏsupporting€the€convictions€are€ð ðwholly€separate€and€distinct.ðð€€òòStateÏv.€Goinsóó,€705€S.W.2d€648,€650€(Tenn.€1986).ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓòòPelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€at€10.€€ÌÌà àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€recently€set€out€the€requirements€forÏresolving€a€double€jeopardy€punishment€issue€under€the€Tennessee€StateÏConstitution.€€These€requirements€are:ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ ` ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓÌ(1)€a€òòBlockburger€óó[òòv.€United€Statesóó,€284€U.S.€299€(1932)]€analysisÏof€the€statutory€offenses;€(2)€an€analysis,€guided€by€the€principlesÏof€òòDuchacóó€[òòv.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€œ1973),€òòcertóó.€òòdenied,óóÏ419€U.S.€877€(1974)],›€of€the€evidence€used€to€prove€the€offenses;Ï(3)€a€consideration€of€whether€there€were€multiple€victims€or€discreteÏacts;€and€(4)€a€comparison€of€the€purposes€of€the€respectiveÏstatutes.€€None€of€these€steps€is€determinative;€rather€the€results€ofÏeach€must€be€weighed€and€considered€in€relation€to€each€other.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓòòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373,€381€(Tenn.€1996).ÌÌà àœWhen›€an€incident€violates€two€distinct€statutes€and€it€needs€to€beÏdetermined€whether€there€are€two€offenses€or€œone,€the€test€to€be€applied›€œunderÏòòBlockburgeróó€is,›€ð ðwhether€each€provision€requires€proof€of€an€additional€fact€whichÏthe€other€does€not.ðð€€œòòBlockburgeróó,›€299€U.S.€at€304.€€The€Defendant€was€twiceÏconvicted€of€aggravated€œassault,›€œonce›€under€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÍsection€39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€and€œonce›€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ39„13„102(a)(2)(B).€€These€provisions€are€identical€except€for€the€mental€stateÏrequired€for€each€one.€€The€statutes€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€clearly€do€not€requireÏproof€of€an€additional€fact.€€Both€require€the€proof€of€an€assault€with€a€deadlyÏweapon,€but€with€different€mental€states.€€The€facts€required€are€the€same.ÌÌà àThe€analysis€required€under€òòDuchacóó€is€based€on€the€actual€evidence€inÏthe€case.€€òòDuchacóó€stated€the€test€as:ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ ` ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓÌð ðOne€test€of€identity€of€offenses€is€whether€the€same€evidence€isÏrequired€to€prove€them.€If€the€same€evidence€is€not€required,€thenÏthe€fact€that€both€charges€relate€to,€and€grow€out€of,€oneÏtransaction,€does€not€make€a€single€offense€where€two€are€definedÏby€the€statutes.€€ð ð[œsic]€If›€there€was€one€act,€one€intent,€and€oneÏvolition,€and€the€defendant€has€been€tried€on€a€charge€based€onÏthat€act,€intent,€and€volition,€no€subsequent€charge€can€be€basedÏthereon,€but€there€is€not€identity€of€offenses€if€on€the€trial€of€oneÏoffense€proof€of€some€fact€is€required€that€is€not€necessary€to€beÏproved€in€the€trial€of€the€other,€although€some€of€the€same€actsÏmay€necessarily€be€proved€in€the€trial€of€each.ððÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓòòDuchacóó,€505€S.W.2d€at€239€(quoting€21€Am.€œJur›.€œ2d›,€Criminal€Law,€ðð€82).€€TheÏevidence€required€to€prove€each€of€the€Defendantððs€aggravated€assaultÏconvictions€is€the€incident€of€him€running€into€the€car€of€Officer€Williams.€ÏTherefore,€the€same€evidence€is€required€to€prove€each€conviction.ÌÌà àContinuing€the€analysis€set€out€in€òòDentonóó,€there€were€not€multiple€victims.€ÏThe€indictment€specifically€names€the€officer€as€the€injured€party€in€both€of€theÏaggravated€assault€counts.€€The€fourth€requirement,€comparison€of€the€purposesÏof€the€respective€statutes€is€the€final€part€of€the€analysis.€€It€can€safely€beÏassumed€that€the€purposes€of€the€two€aggravated€assault€statutes€are€theÏsame.ÌÌà àœIn€this€case,€dual€convictions€of€the€Defendant€for€aggravated€assaultÏviolate›€the€protections€against€Double€Jeopardy.€€It€is€clear€under€the€analysisÏrequired€under€òòDentonóóœ,€that€the€Defendant€has€been€convicted€twice€of€theÏsame€crime€for€one€particular€incident.ÌÌà àTherefore,€the€Defendant€can€only€have€one€conviction€for€aggravatedÏassault.€€When€a€defendant€has€been€convicted€of€two€counts€for€oneÏtransaction€and€one€offense€is€a€lesser€included€offense€to€the€other,€theÏoffenses€can€€be€merged€resulting€in€one€conviction.€€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73,€81€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€first€count€of€aggravated€assault€isÏa€Class€C€felony€and€the€second€count€is€a€Class€D€felony.€€The€mental€stateÏrequired€for€the€first€conviction€is€ð ðintentionallyðð€and€the€mental€state€required€forÏthe€second€count€is€ð ðrecklessly.ðð€€The€test€to€determine€whether€something€is€aÏlesser€included€offense€of€another€is€whether€ð ðit€is€impossible€to€commit€theÍgreater€offense€without€first€having€committed€the€lesser.ðð€€òòState€v.€Layneóó,€623ÏS.W.2d€629,€637„38€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€It€is€evident€in€the€case€òòsubóóÏòòjudiceóó€that€one€could€not€commit€aggravated€assault,€Class€C€felony,€withoutÏcommitting€aggravated€assault,€Class€D€felony.€€Therefore,€the€secondÏconviction,€of€Class€D€aggravated€assault€should€be€merged€into€the€Class€CÏfelony.ÌÌÓ  ÓÌIII.ÌÓ  Óà àÌà àThe€merger€of€these€two€offenses€requires€the€court€to€impose€a€sentenceÏfor€the€one€conviction€for€Class€C€aggravated€assault.€€The€Defendant€wasÏsentenced€to€six€(6)€years€on€the€first€count€of€aggravated€assault€and€four€(4)Ïyears€on€the€second€count€of€aggravated€assault.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€hisÏreason€for€a€higher€sentence€on€the€first€count€was€ð ðthat€the€court€feels€that€theÏdifference€between€count€one€and€count€two€is€that€there€is€a€change€in€theÏwording€of€the€indictment€in€the€reckless€at€[sic]›€mental€state€between€the€two.ðð€ÏHowever,€the€mental€state€is€not€a€valid€enhancement€factor€under€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€40„35„114.€€Therefore,€it€cannot€be€used€to€enhance€aÏœsentence.ÌÌà àA€Range€I€sentence€for€a€Class€C€felony€is€three(3)€to€six€(6)€years.€€TheÏtrial€court€found€several€enhancement€factors€which€do€apply€to€the€case€òòsubóóÏòòjudiceóó:€(1)€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€andÏcriminal€behavior;€(6)€the€amount€of€damage€to€property€was€particularly€great;Ï(8)€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€theÏconditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community;€and€(10)€theÏDefendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€humanÏlife€was€high.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(6),€(8)€&€(10).€€In€addition€toÏthese€enhancement€factors,€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„102(d),€it€is€an€enhancement€factor€if€the€victim€of€an€aggravated€assault€is€aÏpolice€officer,€as€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó.€€The€court€can€find€no€mitigating€factors.€ÏTherefore,€the€appropriate€sentence€for€the€aggravated€assault€conviction€is€theÏmaximum€of€six€years,€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€€ÌÌÌÓ  ÓIV.ÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€Defendantððs€final€issue€is€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€ordering€theÏsentence€for€the€reckless€endangerment€conviction€to€be€served€consecutively€toÏthe€sentence€for€aggravated€assault.€€Proof›€of€the€existence€of€facts€necessaryÏto€justify€consecutive€sentencing€must€only€be€established€by€a€preponderanceÍof€the€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€€Also,€consecutiveÏsentencing€requires€that,ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ ` ÒÒ Ü ÒÓÓœð ð[I]n›€addition€to€the€application€of€general€principals€of€sentencing,Ïthe€finding€that€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€theÏpublic€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€and€thatÏthe€consecutive€sentences€must€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€ofÏthe€offenses€committed.ððÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ Ü ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€stated€two€reasons€on€the€record€for€sentencing€theÏDefendant€to€consecutive€sentences.€€The€first€reason€is€that€the€Defendant€is€aÏprofessional€criminal.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1).€€The€second€reasonÏis€because€the€Defendant€has€an€extensive€criminal€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏœ40„35„115(b)(2).ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€meets€the€criteria€for€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ40„35„115(b)(1),€that€the€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€and€turns€toÏcriminal€acts€as€the€source€of€his€livelihood.€€The€Defendant€was€not€employedÏat€the€time€of€the€incident.€€In€the€pre„sentencing€report€there€is€a€reference€toÏformer€employment€for€one€year€at€Kmart.€€The€Defendantððs€sketchy€workÏhistory€and€extensive€criminal€record,€including€several€theft€related€offenses,Ílead€the€court€to€believe€that€the€Defendant€has€turned€to€crime€for€a€majorÏsource€of€his€livelihood.ÌÌ›à àœThe€Defendant€also€meets€the€criteria€for€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€40„35„115(b)(2),€an€extensive€criminal€history.€€Although›€the€DefendantÏwas€only€twenty„two€(22)€at€the€time€of€œsentencing,€the€Defendant€has€anÏextensive€prior€record€including€offenses€commited€as€both€an€adult€and€aÏjuvenile.›€œ€The€following€is€a€list€of€the€Defendantððs€juvenile€record€and€theÏdispositions:€Shoplifting„released€to€mother;€malicious€mischief„placed€onÏprobation€in€custody€of€his€mother;€shoplifting„released€to€mother;€grand€larceny„released€to€mother;€no€driverððs€license,€driving€on€sidewalk,€no€helmet„€releasedÏto€father;€larceny€of€a€bicycle„released€with€court€costs€to€mother;€no€driverððsÏlicense,€reckless€driving„€no€petition€filed;€receiving€and€concealing€stolenÏproperty„child€placed€under€care€of€Youth€Services€8/11/87,€released€intoÏcustody€of€mother€11/25/87,€2/4/88€violation€of€probation;€carrying€a€knife€withÏblade€exceeding€four€inches„€no€dispostion€found;€aggravated€assault„childÏcommitted€to€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€(TDOC)€for€indefinite€period€ofÏtime;€shoplifting„no€petition€filed;€no€driverððs€license,€reckless€driving„child€alreadyÏunder€committment€to€TDOC;€grand€larceny€(auto)„petition€sustained€on€guiltyÏplea,€home€placement€terminated;€grand€larceny€(auto),€receiving€and€concealingÏstolen€property€over€$200(2€counts),€receiving€and€concealing€stolen€propertyÍunder€$200„child€already€under€committment€to€TDOC;€grand€larceny€(auto)„noÏpetition€filed;€assault€and€battery„no€petition€filed;€theft€of€property€under€$500„noÏpetition€filed,€restitution€made;€assault„no€petition€filed,€child€has€reached€the€ageÏof€majority€and€is€presently€incarcerated€for€an€extended€period€of€time;€simpleÏpossession€of€controlled€substance€and€reckless€driving„no€petition€filed,€childÏhas€reached€the€age€of€majority€and€is€presently€incarcerated€for€an€extendedÏperiod€of€time;€speeding€and€driving€on€a€revoked€license„no€petition€filed,€childÏhas€reached€the€age€of€majority€and€is€presently€incarcerated€for€an€extendedÏperiod€of€time.ÌÌà àThe€Defendantððs€adult€record€is€also€very€lengthy.€€The€following€is€a€listÏof€the€Defendantððs€adult€record:€Speeding€and€driving€without€a€license/revoked„Ïpled€guilty€to€both,€reduced€to€no€driverððs€license,€paid€fines€and€court€costs;Ïdriving€without€a€license/revoked,€driving€with€a€revoked€license„amended€to€noÏdriverððs€license,€pled€guilty,€paid€fines€and€costs;€assault€pled€guilty,€sentenced€Ïto€30€days€with€29€suspended,€probation€for€6€months,€fines€and€costs;€publicÏintoxication„nolle€prossed;€public€intoxication„nolle€prossed;€driving€without€aÏlicense/€revoked„pled€guilty,€sentenced€to€four€days€and€costs;€driving€without€aÏlicense/revoked„pled€guilty,€fines€and€costs;€driving€without€a€license/revoked„pled€guilty€sentenced€to€10€days;€petition€to€declare€and€Habitual€Motor€VehicleÏOffender„petition€granted;€theft€of€property€under€$500„nolle€prossed€withoutÍcosts;€speeding,€driving€without€license/revoked€and€driving€revoked€license„pledÏguilty,€sentenced€to€2€days,€fines€and€costs;€driving€without€a€license/revokedÏand€driving€revoked€license„pled€guilty€sentenced€to€10€days€and€fines€on€firstÏcount,€pled€guilty,€sentenced€to€1€day€on€second€count,€costs€on€both;€theft€ofÏproperty€under€$500„pled€guilty,€fines€and€costs.€›€After€the€offenses€in€the€caseÏòòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€occurred,€the€Defendant€œwas€also›€charged€œwith›€aggravated€assaultÏand€aggravated€burglary.ÌÌà àIt€is€clear€that€the€Defendant€has€a€very€extensive€record,€especiallyÏconsidering€his€young€age.€€œAn€order€was€entered€declaring›€the€Defendant€anÏHabitual€Motor€Vehicle€œOffender›€when€the€Defendant€was€seventeen€days€shyÏof€his€twenty„first€birthday.€€When€his€juvenile€record€is€included,€the€number€ofÏcharges€and€convictions€is€astounding.€€œThis›€court€has€recently€held€that€juvenileÏoffenses€may€be€considered€to€justify€consecutive€sentences.€€òòState€v.€JeffreyÏA.€Mikaóó,€No.€02C01„9508„CR„00244,€Shelby€County,€slip.€op.€at€10„11€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€Jackson,€filed€Feb.€25,€1997);€òòState€v.€Robert€Chapmanóó,€No.Ï02C01„9510„CR„00304,€Shelby€County,€slip.€op.€at€p.€8€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏJackson,€filed€Jan.€14,€1997).€€The€Defendant€clearly€meets€the€œcriteria€in›ÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€œsections›€œ40„35„115(b)(1)€and€(2),€to€justifyÏconsecutive€sentencing.›ÌÌà àWe€believe€that€the€Defendant€has€been€properly€sentenced€to€aÏconsecutive€sentence€due€to€his€extensive€record.€€The€Defendant€was€placedÏin€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Corrections€when€he€was€a€juvenile,€and€itÏdid€not€seem€to€improve€his€behavior.€€The€incident€in€question€had€œthe›€potentialÏto€end€in€a€fatal€accident.€€The€Defendant€led€the€police€on€a€œtwenty„five›€œ(25)›€toÏthirty€(30)€minute€high€speed€chase,€sometimes€reaching€speeds€of€seventyÏ(70)€miles€an€hour,€through€a€small€area€of€Memphis.€œ€The€speed€of€the€chaseÏsometimes€reached€twice€that€of€the€speed€limit€of€the€area.›€€An€officer€testifiedÏat€the€sentencing€hearing€that€he€had€been€involved€in€three€pursuits€of€theÏDefendant.€€The€Defendant€has€been€properly€sentenced€to€a€consecutiveÏsentence€based€on€his€extensive€criminal€history€and€the€above€œfactors.€€It€isÏclear€such€a€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public.€€The€effective€sentenceÏof€eight€(8)€years€reasonably€relates€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses.›ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€œis€modified›€in€part€and€affirmed€in€part.€€œTheÏClass€D€aggravated€assault€is€merged€into€the€Class€C€aggravated€assaultÏwith€a€sentence€of€six€(6)€years€to€be€served€for€this€conviction.€€TheÏDefendantððs€sentence€of€two€(2)€years€for€reckless€endangerment€remains€aÏconsecutive€sentence€to€the€aggravated€assault€sentence.›ÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àœTHOMAS›€T.€œWOODALL,›€œJudge›ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€Judge›ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€Judge›