WPC= UBV %U. 0CnX 04w 4 0 0J~ 0T 0^ 0hz 0r 0|T 0 0V 1u U,[ 0dU,U:U6QB)DC B AM]Ax[ D3O+k 0@Iz{ "#%,&:(TK)P*+,-0!/ Q0]1 Y2b3v~\4v5 AO;; 0P< 0D= D/V= B=<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%2A`ArialTT($    3|x<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@%2A`ArialTTt10cpiXXX2PQXP( T$  c`4,(o(2$ T!   XXXXX   `   0  2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23    ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Monaco,rAZ"Arial Regular<  9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd d-"C << G  !   "     YYY FILEDX January31,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.AppellateCourtClerk  7 !#d#      X        DeputyHutchisontestifiedthattheyconductroadblocks"frequently"nearthestateparkduringthesummermonths. Q !#d#    $   X          Statev.Moore,775S.W.2d372,37778(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1989). !#d#    $   X          Moore,775S.W.2dat374.$$$$'dxd  !#d#    $   X          392U.S.1,88S.Ct.1868,20L.Ed.2d889(1968);seealsoStatev.Watkins,827S.W.2d293,294(Tenn.1992);Statev.Scarlett,880S.W.2d707,709(Tenn.Crim.App.1993);Statev.Little,854S.W.2d643,648(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1992);Statev.Brothers,828S.W.2d414,415(Tenn.Crim.App.1991),per.app.denied(Tenn.1992);Statev.Oody,823S.W.2d554,561(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1991);Statev.Coleman,791S.W.2d504,505(Tenn.Crim.App.1989),per.app.denied(Tenn.1990);Statev.Blankenship,757S.W.2d354,356(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1988);Statev.Denson,710S.W.2d524,525(Tenn.Crim.App.1985);Statev.Hellum,664S.W.2d314,317(Tenn.Crim.App.1983),per.app.denied(Tenn.1984);Johnsonv.State,601S.W.2d326,328(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1980). ! !#d#    $   X          Watkins,827S.W.2dat294;Scarlett,880S.W.2dat709;Little,854S.W.2dat648;Brothers,828S.W.2dat414;Oody,823S.W.2dat561;Statev.Jones,802S.W.2d221,223(Tenn.Crim.App.1990),per.app.denied(Tenn.1991);Coleman,791S.W.2dat50405;Blankenship,757S.W.2dat356;Denson,710S.W.2dat525;Hellum,664S.W.2dat317;Statev.Yarbro,618S.W.2dat521,523(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1981);Johnson,601S.W.2dat32728.("$     ? !#d#    $   X          Floridav.Royer,460U.S.491,499500,103S.Ct.1319,1325,75L.Ed.2d229,238(1983). p !#d#    $   X          Floridav.Royer,460U.S.at500,103S.Ct.at132526,75L.Ed.2dat238;UnitedStatesv.Seelye,815F.2d48,50(8thCir.1987). q !#d#    $   X          Statev.Bryant,678S.W.2d480,482(Tenn.Crim.App.1984),cert.denied,469U.S.1192,105S.Ct.967,83L.Ed.2d971(1985). !#d#    $   X          Moore,775S.W.2dat377.  !#d#    $   X          Beckv.Ohio,379U.S.89,97,85S.Ct.223,229,13L.Ed.2d142,148(1964);seeBrownv.Texas,443U.S.47,51,99S.Ct.2637,2640,61L.Ed.2d357(1979);Delawarev.Prouse,440U.S.648,65455,99S.Ct.1391,139697,59L.Ed.2d660(1979).  !#d#    $   X          Alabamav.White,496U.S.325,33031,110S.Ct.2412,2416,110L.Ed.2d301,309(1990);Watkins,827S.W.2dat295;Binion,880S.W.2dat709;Little,854S.W.2dat648;Hellum,664S.W.2dat317. " !#d#    $   X          Watkins827S.W.2dat294;Scarlett,880S.W.2dat709. 0 !#d#    $   X          SeeHawkinsv.State,543S.W.2d606,60910(Tenn.Crim.App.1976). J !#d#    $   X          UnitedStatesv.Matlock,415U.S.164,177n.14,94S.Ct.988,996n.14,39L.Ed.2d242n.14(1974). F !#d#    $   X          Michiganv.Chesternut,486U.S.567,574,108S.Ct.1975,1980,100L.Ed.2d565,572(1988).  !#d#    $   X          Chesternut,486U.S.at573,108S.Ct.at1979,100L.Ed.2dat572;seeINSv.Delgado,466U.S.210,215,104S.Ct.1758,1762,80L.Ed.2d247,255(1984);UnitedStatesv.Mendenhall,446U.S.544,554,100S.Ct.1870,1877,64L.Ed.2d497,509(1980). " !#d#    $   X          Statev.Binion,900S.W.2d702,706(Tenn.Crim.App.1994). & !#d#    $   X          Statev.Westbrooks,594S.W.2d741,743(Tenn.Crim.App.1979).  !#d#    $   X          384S.E.2d125(Va.Ct.App.1989). !#d#    $   X          384S.E.2dat128. !#d#    $   X          Binion,900S.W.2dat705. !#d#    $   X          Id.at706.PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA: T Monaco  BA: T Monaco -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5((3-$ T!   ($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &Xd&#Xd#     X   \RA'\INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATKNOXVILLEL%&";+'h|`  `LMARCHSESSION1995  STATEOFTENNESSEE,    )       )   APPELLEE,   )       ) No.03C019409CR00355       )       ) JohnsonCountyv.       )       ) LynnW.Brown,Judge       )       ) (DUI,ChildEndangerment,and       ) ViolationofHabitualMotorOffender       ) Order)DALEE.MORRELL,    )       )   APPELLANT.  )FORTHEAPPELLANT:    FORTHEAPPELLEE:RandallE.Reagan     CharlesW.BursonAttorneyatLaw     AttorneyGeneral&Reporter602GayStreet,Suite905    450JamesRobertsonParkwayKnoxville,TN37902    Nashville,TN372430493(AppealOnly)          MichaelJ.Fahey,IIRobertY.Oaks     AssistantAttorneyGeneralAssistantPublicDefender    450JamesRobertsonParkway801ElkAve.,MainCourthouse   Nashville,TN372430493Elizabethton,TN37643(AtTrialandOnAppeal)    DavidE.Crockett          DistrictAttorneyGeneralOFCOUNSEL:     Route19,Box99       JohnsonCity,TN37601DavidF.BautistaDistrictPublicDefender    KentW.Garland142MarketStreet,East    AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneralJohnson,CityTN37605    Route19,Box99       JohnsonCity,TN37601OPINIONFILED:____________________________REVERSEDANDDISMISSEDJoeB.Jones,Judge7XXdXXd7  OPINION    Theappellant,DaleE.Morrell,wasconvictedofdrivingwhileundertheinfluence,fourthoffense,aClassAmisdemeanor,childendangerment,aClassAmisdemeanor,andviolatinganhabitualmotoroffenderorder,aClassEfelony,pursuanttoapleabargainagreement.Thetrialcourtimposedthefollowingsentences: a)Afineof$1,000andconfinementforelevenmonthsandtwentyninedaysintheJohnsonCountyJailforDUI,fourthoffense.Thetrialcourtsuspendedallbut180daysofthesentenceandorderedthat100%oftheremainingsentencebeserved. b)Afineof$1,000andconfinementforelevenmonthsandtwentyninedaysintheJohnsonCountyJailforchildendangerment.Thetrialcourtsuspendedallbut30daysofthesentenceandorderedthat100%oftheremainingsentencebeserved. c)ConfinementforoneyearandsixmonthsintheDepartmentofCorrection. Thetrialcourtorderedthatthethreesentencesbeservedconsecutively.Theeffectivesentenceimposedwasfinestotaling$2,000and210daysconfinementintheJohnsonCountyJail. TheappellantreservedthefollowingquestionsforappellatereviewpursuanttoTenn.R.App.P.3(b)(2)andTenn.R.Crim.P.37(b)(iv).Thequestionspreservedare:"[W]hetherthestopandsubsequentarrestofthedefendantwasbaseduponareasonableandarticulablesuspicionundertheTennesseeandUnitedStatesConstitutionsandwhethertheroadblockfromwhichtheofficermadehisinitialobservationsresultingintheeventualarrestofthedefendantwasvalidundertheTennesseeandUnitedStatesConstitutions." Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisreversedandtheprosecutionagainsttheappellantisdismissed.Thestopmadebythelawenforcementofficerwasnotsupportedbyareasonablesuspicionbaseduponspecificandarticulablefacts,asrequiredbytheTennesseeandUnitedStatesConstitutions.Theremainingissue,thevalidityoftheroadblock,isthereforemoot. OnJune6,1993,TrooperDonWilsonandtwoJohnsonCountydeputysheriffs,MarkHutchinsonandRickCourtner,establishedaroadblockonHighway91inJohnsonCounty.Thestatedpurposeoftheroadblockwastocheckthedriver'slicenseandvehicleregistrationofeachdrivertravellingonHighway91.Theroadblockwasestablishedtocurtailmotorcyclesracingbetweentheroadblockandanearbystatepark. '    TheappellantandacompanionweretravellingwestboundonHighway91.DeputyHutchinsonwatchedtheappellant'svehicleapproachtheroadblock.Theappellantturnedintoadrivewaybeforereachingtheroadblock.Thedrivewaywas316feetfromtheroadblock.Whentheappellantmadetheturn,Hutchinsonpursuedtheappellant'svehicle.Hestatedthatthesolepurposeofthepursuitwastochecktheappellant'sdriver'slicenseandvehicleregistration.AccordingtoHutchinson:   ` Itisit'saroutinepracticeforusasofficersthatwhenanyoneturnsoffpriortocomingtoaroadblockthatwegocheckthatpersonfordriver'slicensetochecktoseeiftheyarevalid.   X Ӏ Theprivatedrivewaywas2631/2feetinlengththedistancefromthehighwaytotheresidence.Theappellanthadtraversed180feetbeforeDeputyHutchinsonreachedthevehicle.Hutchinsonfollowedtheappellantapproximately80feet.Duringthistime,thefrontofthepolicecruiserwasonlysixtoeightfeetfromtherearoftheappellant'svehicle.DeputyHutchinsondidnotactivatethelightsonthecruiser,usethesiren,orotherwisedirecttheappellanttostop. Whentheappellantreachedtheendofthedriveway,hestoppedandexitedthevehicle.DeputyHutchinsonstoppedbehindtheappellant'svehicle.Theappellantcouldnotproduceadriver'slicense.Theappellantalsoappearedtobeundertheinfluenceofanintoxicant.Heemittedanodorofanalcoholicbeverage.Theappellantfailedthefieldsobrietytests.DeputyHutchinsonarrestedtheappellantfordrivingwhileundertheinfluence. DeputyHutchinsoncandidlyadmittedthatheknewtheplacewheretheappellantturnedwasaprivatedriveway.Hefurtheradmittedthathedidnotknowwholivedintheresidenceattheendofthedriveway;and,asfarasheknew,theappellantcouldhavelivedintheresidence. Therecordestablishesthattheappellantwasdrivingslowlyalongthedriveway.However,thetranscriptofthesuppressionhearingisdevoidofevidencethat(a)theappellantcommittedatrafficinfractionwhenheturnedintothedrivewayor(b)theappellantwasdrivingerraticallywhileDeputyHutchinsonfollowedhim.Thus,theappellantapparentlymadealegalturnfromthehighwayintothedrivewayandexhibitednobehaviorindicativeofcriminalactivity. IssuespreservedpursuanttoTenn.R.App.P.3(b)(2)andTenn.R.Crim.P.37(b)(iv)aredeterminedinthesamemannerasissuesraisedinanappealasofright.Sincethethrustoftheappellant'sappealchallengestherulingofthetrialcourtdenyinghismotiontosuppressevidence,thetimetestedrulesapplicabletothefindingsofthetrialcourtapply. (   ׀ Inthisjurisdiction,thefindingsoffactmadebyatrialcourtinresolvingthemeritsofamotiontosuppressarebindinguponthisCourtiftheevidenceadducedatthesuppressionhearingdoesnotpreponderateagainstthesefindings. )   ׀However,thisCourtisnotboundbythetrialcourt'sconclusionsoflaworhowthetrialcourtappliedthelawtothefacts.Thus,thisCourtmustexaminetherecordtodetermineifthestatehasmetitsburdenofshowingthattheevidenceadducedatthesuppressionhearingpreponderatesagainstthefindingsmadebythetrialcourt.      InthelandmarkcaseofTerryv.Ohio,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheldthatalawenforcementofficermaytemporarilyseizeacitizeniftheofficerhasareasonablesuspicion,baseduponspecificandarticulablefacts,thatacriminaloffensehasbeen,isbeing,orisabouttobecommitted. +   ׀SuchseizuresarecommonlycalledTerrystopsorinvestigatorystops.TheTerrydoctrineappliestocitizensridinginamotorvehicle. ,    ThepurposeofaTerrystopistopermitalawenforcementofficertoobtainacitizen'sidentity,questionthecitizen,and,whenappropriate,maintainthestatusquomomentarilywhiletheofficerobtainsadditionalinformation.However,thescopeoftheinvestigation"mustbecarefullytailoredtoitsunderlyingjustification"theofficer'sreasonablesuspicionthatacrimehasbeen,isbeing,orisabouttobecommitted. .   ׀Thedetentionmustbetemporaryandlastnolongerthanisnecessarytoeffectuatethepurposeofthestop;andtheinvestigativemethodsusedbytheofficersshouldbetheleastintrusivemeansavailabletoeitherverifyorrefutetheofficer'ssuspicions. /    ATerrystopisneverjustifiedwhenitisbaseduponthemerehunchorinarticulatesuspicionofthelawenforcementofficer. 0   ׀ThetouchstoneofaTerrystopisthespecificityoftheinformationpossessedbythelawenforcementofficerwhenhestopsacitizen. 1   ׀Thesearticulablefactsmustbereviewedobjectivelytodetermineifthesuspicionisreasonable.Ifsubjectivebeliefsalonewerethetest,"theprotectionsoftheFourthAmendmentwouldevaporate,andthepeoplewouldbe'secureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,'onlyinthediscretionofthepolice." 2    Indeterminingwhetheralawenforcementofficer'ssuspicionwassupportedbyspecificandarticulablefacts,thecourtmustconsiderthetotalityofthecircumstancestheentirepicturethepictureperceivedbytheofficerpriortomakingaTerrystop. 3   ׀Thecourtmustconsider,amongotherthings,theobjectiveobservationsoftheofficer,theinformationtheofficerobtainedfromaninformant,thereliabilityoftheinformantandthespecificityoftheinformant'sinformation,informationreceivedfromotherlawenforcementofficersandagencies,andthereasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheofficer'sobservationsandtheinformationavailabletotheofficer. 4   ׀Otherfactorswhichmaybeconsideredarethecharacteroftheareawherethestopoccurred,anyfurtivemovementmadebythesuspect,andasuspect'sattempttoavoidbeingstoppedbytheofficer. 5   ׀Thestatemustestablishobjectivelyreasonablesuspicionbyapreponderanceoftheevidence. 6    ThetrialcourtfoundthatDeputyHutchinsondidnotstoptheappellant.Thecourtconcludedthattheappellantvoluntarilystoppedandexitedhisvehicle.ThecourtfurtherconcludedthatDeputyHutchinsonhadreasonablesuspicion,basedonspecificandarticulablefacts,tostoptheappellant.Thereasonablesuspicionwastheappellantturningintothedrivewayoverthreehundredfeetbeforetheroadblock.Theevidencecontainedintherecordpreponderatesagainstthesefindingsoffact.SomeofthesalientfactsrecitedbythetrialcourtwereunknowntoDeputyHutchinsonatthetimehepursuedandstoppedtheappellant. Indeterminingwhetheranaccusedhasbeenstoppedor"seized"byalawenforcementofficer,thecourtsapplywhathasbeendescribedasthe"reasonableperson"standard. 7   ׀Alawenforcementofficerseizesapersonwheninviewofallthecircumstancessurroundingtheincident,areasonablepersonbelievesthatheorsheisnotfreetoleave. 8   ׀ Inthiscase,thetotalityofthecircumstancesestablishesthatDeputyHutchinsonseizedtheappellantwithinthemeaningoftheFourthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionandArticleI,7oftheTennesseeConstitution.DeputyHutchinsonfollowedtheappellant'smotorvehiclewithinsixtoeightfeet.Moreover,whenalawenforcementofficerpullsbehindavehicleandfollowsitwithinsixtoeightfeet,areasonablepersonwouldconcludethattheofficerwantedtheoperatorofthevehicletopulltothesideoftheroadway.AreasonablepersonwouldhaveeveryreasontobelievethatDeputyHutchinsonwantedhimtostop.Inaddition,DeputyHutchinsontestifiedthathedidnotthinkitwasnecessarytoactivatehisbluelights.Heknewitwasamatterofsecondsbeforetheappellantwouldreachtheendofthedrivewayandbeforcedtostophisvehicle.Healsoknewthattheappellantcouldnotturnaroundandreturntothehighwaybecausehispolicecruiserwasblockingthesinglelanedriveway. Inthiscase,DeputyHutchinsondidnothaveareasonablesuspicion,baseduponspecificandarticulablefacts,thattheappellanthadcommittedacrime,wascommittingacrime,orwasabouttocommitacrime.Tothecontrary,hewassimplyactingupona"hunch"or"inarticulablefacts"whenhestoppedtheappellant. 9   ׀Hutchinsontestifiedthat"it'saroutinepracticeforusasofficersthatwhenanyoneturnsoffpriortocomingtoaroadblockthatwegocheckthatpersonfordriver'slicensetochecktoseeiftheyarevalid."Inshort,Hutchinsonwouldhavechasedandstoppedeverymotorvehiclethatdidnotreachtheroadblockregardlessoftheexistingfactsandcircumstances. Besidestheturnintoaprivatedriveway,DeputyHutchinsonofferednoarticulablefactstosupportareasonablesuspicionofcriminalactivity.Whenhesawtheappellantturn,heknewthattheappellantwasturningintoaprivatedriveway.Hutchinsoncandidlyadmittedthathedidnotknowwholivedattheendofthedriveway.Asfarasheknew,theappellantwassimplygoinghome.Furthermore,DeputyHutchinsondidnotobservetheappellantcommitanyoffenseashedrovethemotorvehiclealongthehighwayanddriveway.ThisCourthaspreviouslycondemnedthepracticeofstoppingamotoristsimplytochecktheoperator'slicense. :   ׀ InMurphyv.Commonwealth, ;   ׀amotoristmadealawfulturnapproximately350feetfromaroadblock.Inholdingthattheofficerwasnotentitledtostopthemotoristsimplybecausethemotoristhadturned,theVirginiaCourtsaid:    "[W]efindthattheactofadriverinmakingalawfulrightturn350feetbeforearoadblockdoesnotgiverisetoareasonablesuspicionofcriminalactivityunlessthedriver'sturnoractioniscoupledwithotherarticulablefacts.... <     X  ThedecisionthisCourtrenderstodayislimitedtothefactscontainedintherecord.AsthisCourtstatedinBinion,thecircumstancessurroundinganefforttoavoidaroadblock"maybyitselfconstitutereasonablesuspicionthatacriminaloffensehasbeenorisabouttobecommitted." =   ׀ThisCourtsetforththefactorstobeconsideredinmakingthisdetermination. >        _____________________________________________      JOEB.JONES,JUDGECONCUR:______________________________________ DAVIDH.WELLES,JUDGE_____________________________________ WILLIAMM.BARKER,JUDGÈ̀