ÿWPC~ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µw@Ý4 1 U.@ n 0Jv 0TÀ 0^ 0hr 0rÚ 0|L 0†È 0N 1uÞ U,S 0d U,ã U>B)MDCv B¹ AMÖò#v~vÓ“ D3f 0@™ AOÙÆ( 0Dî D/2 Ba˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ ¢e£E¤D¥D¦§D¨©ªÓ€´Gav 3|x´%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ èÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌMay€9,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌNOVEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9506„CC„00206Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHumphreys€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAllen€W.€Wallace,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Robbery)ÌDANNY€R.€MORRIS,à àà àà à)ÌÙ€€ÙœßL€&'$;+'h|xÿ ` ç `€€Lß›à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌ_______________________________________________________________________ÌÓ  ÓÌDISSENTING€OPINIONÌÓ  Ó______________________________________________________________________ÌÌà àI€respectfully€dissent.ÌÌÓÓà àThe€crime€committed€by€the€appellant,€Danny€R.€Morris,€was€despicable.€€I€amÏsure€that€the€jury,€like€myself,€was€enraged€as€the€evidence€unfolded.€€This€atrociousÏcrime€was€committed€in€the€juryððs€home€county€by€two€inmates€who€escaped€from€aÏprison€in€an€adjoining€county.€€€€Morris€and€œBarrett›€were€much€younger€than€the€victim.ÏThey€feigned€illness€and€acted€as€if€one€of€them€needed€assistance.€€When€the€elderlyÏvictim€stopped€to€lend€assistance,€Morris€and€œBarrett›€took€advantage€of€the€victimððs€actÏof€œkindness.›€Nevertheless,€we€as€citizens€must€not€lose€sight€of€the€fact€that€ours€is€aÍNation€of€laws.€€These€laws€govern€the€conduct€of€every€citizen.€€As€this€Court€said€inÏòòHodges€v.€Stateóó,€491€S.W.2d€624,€626€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1973):€ð ð[O]dious€individuals€€are€not€governed€by€one€law€and€the€remaining€citizensÏœby›€another;€all€are€protected€by€the€same€general€law.ððÌ€€à àIt€has€long€been€established€that€the€prosecution€must€prove€every€element€of€aÏcriminal€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòIn€re€Winshipóó,€397€U.S.€358,€90€S.Ct.Ï1068,€25€L.Ed.2d€368€(1970).€€If€the€prosecution€fails€to€establish€one€element€of€theÏoffense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€,€the€accused€cannot€be€convicted€of€the€offense.ÏIn€this€case,€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€toÏsupport€a€Ñ7€f:XXdìXXdì7Ñconviction€for€aggravated€robbery.€€The€evidence€will€only€support€aÏconviction€for€simple€robbery.€Ìà àBefore€an€accused€can€be€convicted€of€robbery,€the€State€of€Tennessee€mustÏprove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€(a)€there€was€an€intentional€or€€knowing€theft€ofÏproperty,€(b)€from€the€person€of€the€victim,€and€(c)€by€violence€or€putting€the€victim€inÏfear.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401(a).€€In€a€prosecution€for€aggravated€robbery,€theÏState€of€Tennessee€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€(a)€the€elements€ofÏrobbery,€(b)€the€offense€was€committed€with€a€deadly€weapon€or€the€use€of€an€articleÏ"used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon,"Ïor€(c)€the€victim€suffered€serious€bodily€injury€during€the€course€of€the€robbery.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402(a).Ìà àThe€state€failed€to€establish€that€Barrett€used€a€"deadly€weapon"€during€theÏcommission€of€this€offense.€€My€colleagues€agree€with€this€assessment€of€theÏevidence.€€Thus,€the€only€question€is:€did€the€state€establish€that€the€victim€incurredÍð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€at€the€hands€of€Morris€and€Barrett?Ìà àThe€majority€holds€that€there€was€sufficient€evidence€to€establish€the€element€ofÏserious€bodily€injury€by€creating€ð ða€substantial€risk€of€death.ðð€€I€am€of€the€opinion€that€Ïthe€evidence€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€this€element€of€the€offense.Ìà àThe€victim€testified€that€the€incident€in€question€occurred€ð ðmiddayðð,€whichÏappears€to€mean€noontime.€€It€was€established€that€the€police€officers€interviewed€theÏvictim€in€the€hospital€emergency€room€between€4:30€p.m.€and€6:30€p.m.€€The€record€isÏdevoid€of€evidence€as€to€what€occurred€during€noon€and€4:30€p.m.Ìà àThe€testimony€of€the€victim€reveals€that€he€was€found€by€a€good€Samaritan,€ð ðaÏman€walking€his€dog.ðð€€There€is€absolutely€no€evidence€as€to€when€the€goodÏSamaritan€found€the€victim.€€In€any€event,€the€good€Samaritan€took€the€victim€to€hisÏhome€and€called€an€ambulance€for€the€victim.€€The€ambulance€arrived€and€took€theÏvictim€to€a€hospital€in€Dickson,€Tennessee.Ì€à àThe€good€Samaritan€was€not€called€as€a€witness.€€The€ambulance€attendantsÏwere€not€called€as€witnesses.€€The€doctor€who€attended€the€victim€was€not€called€as€aÏwitness.€€The€medical€records€librarian€was€not€called€as€a€witness.€€Thus,€there€is€aÏvoid€of€evidence€concerning€(1)€when€the€ambulance€arrived€at€the€home€of€the€goodÏSamaritan,€(2)€how€long€the€ambulance€personnel€treated€the€victim€before€placingÏhim€in€the€ambulance,€(3)€how€long€it€took€the€ambulance€to€take€the€victim€fromÏHumphreys€County€to€the€hospital€in€Dickson€County,€(4)€when€the€victim€arrived€at€theÏhospital,€(5)€the€condition€of€the€victim€when€he€arrived€at€the€hospital,€(6)€the€natureÏand€extent€of€his€injuries,€and€(7)€how€long€the€victim€had€been€at€the€hospital€beforeÏthe€police€arrived€to€interview€him.€€On€the€other€hand,€the€record€establishes€that€theÍvictim€was€able€to€talk€to€the€police€officers,€he€was€able€to€view€the€photographsÏpresented€to€him,€and€he€was€able€to€select€the€photograph€depicting€Morris.€€TheÏrecord€also€establishes€that€the€victim€was€released€from€the€hospital€and€went€to€hisÏhome€the€same€day€the€incident€in€question€occurred.€€In€summary,€the€record€doesÏnot€establish€that€the€laceration€sustained€by€the€victim€caused€the€victim€to€incur€ð ðaÏsubstantial€risk€of€death.ððÌà àThe€evidence€in€this€case€will€not€support€the€remaining€definitions€of€ð ðseriousÏbodily€injury.ðð€€The€record€does€not€establish€how€long€the€victim€was€unconscious.€ÏThus,€the€evidence€will€not€support€a€finding€that€the€victim€suffered€a€ð ðprotractedÏunconsciousness.ðð€€Nor€does€the€evidence€support€a€finding€of€ð ðextreme€physicalÏpain.ðð€€The€victim€was€not€asked€nor€did€he€testify€that€the€injury€was€painful.€€€AÏlaceration€to€a€personððs€head€does€not€equate€to€ð ðextreme€physical€pain.ðð€€The€recordÏis€devoid€of€evidence€that€the€victim€suffered€ð ða€protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement.ðð€€ÏA€laceration€that€requires€eight€stitches€cannot€result€in€a€ð ðprotracted€or€obviousÏdisfigurement.ðð€€Moreover,€any€residual€scar€will€probably€be€covered€by€the€victimððsÏhair€and€will€not€be€noticeable€to€others.€€Again,€the€record€is€devoid€of€evidence€toÏestablish€that€the€victim€suffered€a€ð ðprotracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€aÏfunction€of€a€bodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty.ðð€€A€small€laceration€will€certainlyÏnot€cause€such€a€condition.à àÌà àIt€is€an€elementary€principle€of€law€that€a€criminal€conviction€cannot€beÏpredicated€upon€conjecture,€guess,€speculation,€or€a€mere€possibility€that€the€accusedÏòòmayóó€be€guilty.€€òòRucker€v.€Stateóó,€174€Tenn.€569,€œ572„73,›€129€S.W.2d€208,€210€(1939);ÏòòState€v.€Cooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Nor€may€this€CourtÍð ðspeculate€upon€the€guilt€of€one€charged€with€the€commission€of€a€criminal€offense.ðð€ÏòòClancy€v.€Stateóó,€521€S.W.2d€780,€783€(Tenn.€1975).Ì€à àThe€responsibility€for€the€void€in€the€evidence€rests€squarely€upon€œthe€stateððs›Ïshoulders.€€As€previously€indicated,€there€were€several€individuals€who€could€haveÏestablished€that€the€victim€sustained€a€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€state€opted€not€to€callÏthese€individuals.€€Thus,€the€jury€was€required€to€engage€in€conjecture,€guess,€andÏspeculation€that€the€victim€suffered€a€serious€bodily€injury.€This€Court€should€notÏperpetuate€this€speculation.Ì€à àThe€record€establishes€that€Morris€is€guilty€of€simple€robbery,€not€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€Based€upon€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record,€this€Court€should€œreduce›Ïthe€conviction€from€aggravated€robbery€to€simple€robbery.Ìà àÌà à€€€€€ÌÓÓà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGE