ÿWPCÆ …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 0P4 4„ 0”˜ 0D, p wp 0J€ 0TÊ 0^ 0h| 0rä 0|V 0†Ò 0X 1uè U,] 0d‰U,íU6B)O BxDC• AMØ8%v~]vÓÛ D3® 0@á AO!Æp 0D6 D/z B©<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|Xm «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓGav (D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóóc Ó€m 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d d####7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ .Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌMayÏ9,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€·íXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€Ôà àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙßL€&'%;+'h|,` 81 `€€LßÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àNOVEMBER€1995ÏSESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.ÏNO.€01„C„01„9506„CC„00206ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHUMPHREYS€COUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏALLEN€W.€WALLACE€,ÌDANNY€R.€MORRIS,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Aggravated€Robbery)ò òÌó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òMICHAEL€J.ÏFLANAGANà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.ÏBURSONÌDALE€M.€QUILLENó óà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€Reporterò òÌó ó95€White€Bridge€Rd.,€Suite€208ò òÌó óNashville,€TN€€37205à àà àà àà àò òELLEN€H.ÏPOLLACKó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.ÏAttorney€GeneralÌ€€à àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertsonÍPkwy.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àDAN€M.€ALSOBROOKSó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àGEORGE€C.€SEXTONó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àHumphreys€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWaverly,€TN€€37185ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ ° Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€defendant,€Danny€R.€Morris,€was€convicted€at€a€jury€trial€of€aggra…vated€robbery,€a€Class€B€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€RangeÏI€offender€to€a€term€of€confinement€of€twelve€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€presents€two€issues€for€review.€€He€contends€that€theÏevidence€contained€in€the€record€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€aÏfinding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€he€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€ofÏaggravated€robbery.€€He€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€permitting€theÏState€to€amend€the€indictment€prior€to€trial,€and,€thereafter,€by€refusing€to€grant€hisÏmotion€for€a€continuance.€€We€find€no€error€and,€therefore,€affirm€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€and€Billy€R.€Barrett€were€inmates€at€the€Turney€CenterÏIndustrial€Prison€in€Only,€Tennessee.€€They€escaped€during€the€early€morning€hoursÏof€June€12,€1993.€€Around€the€noon€hour€on€June€13,€1993,€the€victim,€Jess€Lampley,Ïwas€driving€his€pickup€truck€along€Barren€Hollow€Road€in€Humphreys€County.€ÏBarrett€and€the€defendant€were€on€the€side€of€the€road€with€Barrett€bent€over€as€ifÏsick.€€The€defendant€motioned€for€the€victim€to€stop.€€After€he€stopped,€the€defendantÏadvised€the€victim€that€Barrett€was€ill€and€needed€medical€attention.€€While€theÍdefendant€distracted€the€victim,€Barrett€walked€behind€the€victim's€truck,€opened€theÏdriver's€door,€and€"jerked"€the€victim€from€his€pickup.€€Barrett€then€struck€the€victimÏwith€an€object€rendering€him€unconscious.€€The€defendant€and€Barrett€took€theÏmoney€from€the€victim's€wallet,€threw€him€in€a€roadside€ditch,€and€drove€away€in€theÏvictim's€pickup€truck.€€The€defendant€and€Barrett€were€arrested€several€days€later.€ÏThe€victim's€pickup€was€recovered€in€Nashville.ÌÌà àà àThe€victim,€who€was€approximately€sixty„eight€years€of€age€when€theÏrobbery€occurred,€was€taken€to€a€hospital.€€Eight€stitches€were€needed€to€close€theÏwound€on€his€head.€€A€criminal€investigator€for€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol€wentÏto€the€emergency€room€and€presented€an€array€of€photographs€to€see€if€the€victimÏcould€identify€the€culprit.€€He€positively€identified€the€defendant€as€the€person€whoÏengaged€him€in€conversation€after€he€stopped€to€assist€the€defendant€and€Barrett.€ÏThis€identification€occurred€between€4:30€and€6:00€o'clock€p.m.ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€the€victim€admitted€that€he€did€not€know€what€Barrett€had€usedÏwhen€the€latter€struck€him€on€his€head.€€The€victim€testified€that€as€a€result€of€theÏblow,€there€had€been€a€"whole€lot€of€bleeding."€€He€also€could€not€identify€theÏdefendant.€€The€record€suggests€that€the€defendant€was€clean„shaven€when€theÏrobbery€occurred,€but€he€had€facial€hair€at€the€time€of€the€trial.€€Also,€the€victim'sÍhealth€had€drastically€deteriorated.ÌÌà àà àBarrett€testified€as€a€defense€witness.€€He€stated€that€he€and€theÏdefendant€had€parted€ways€prior€to€the€robbery.€€According€to€Barrett,€he€had€met€aÏman€by€the€name€of€Paul€Miller.€€He€insisted€that€the€second€person€that€had€beenÏinvolved€in€the€robbery€was€Miller,€not€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€aÏconviction€because€(a)€the€victim€failed€to€make€a€courtroom€identification€of€theÏappellant€and€(b)€the€State€failed€to€prove€that€Barrett€possessed€a€dangerousÏweapon€in€the€course€of€the€robbery.ÌÌà àà àA€defendant€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€proof€has€the€burden€ofÏillustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdictÏreturned€by€the€trier€of€fact€in€his€or€her€case.€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€ofÏguilt€for€lack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€anyÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€forÏa€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).ÌÌ€à àà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evi…dence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€inÏdetermining€whether€"òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluateÏthe€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏproof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€infer‚encesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).€ÌÌà àà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€valueÏto€be€given€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835.€€A€guiltyÏverdict€rendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimonyÏof€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).ÌÌà àà àBefore€the€defendant€could€be€convicted€in€this€case,€the€State€ofÏTennessee€was€required€to€prove€that€he€was€the€person€who€committed€the€crime€inÏquestion.€€òòWhite€v.€Stateóó,€533€S.W.2d€735,€744€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).€€WhetherÍthe€State€carried€its€burden€of€proof€that€the€defendant€committed€the€crime€inÏquestion€was€a€question€of€fact€for€the€determination€of€the€jury€after€consideration€ofÏthe€proof€submitted€at€the€trial.€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€635€S.W.2d€704,€705€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1982).ÌÌà àà àIn€this€case,€the€State€introduced€evidence€that€the€victim€made€aÏpositive€identification€of€the€defendant€as€the€person€who€had€signaled€him€to€stopÏand€had€told€him€that€Barrett€was€ill€and€needed€medical€attention.€€While€it€is€trueÏthat€the€victim€did€not€make€an€in„court€identification,€it€appears€that€the€defendant'sÏphysical€appearance€had€changed€since€the€day€of€the€crime.€€Also,€the€victim'sÏhealth€had€deteriorated€following€the€robbery.€€A€courtroom€identification€is€not€aÏprerequisite€to€a€conviction€for€a€criminal€offense.€€The€jury€determined€that€the€StateÏhad€proven€the€defendant's€identity€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€There€is€sufficientÏevidence€to€support€the€jury's€verdict.ÌÌà àà àTo€convict€the€defendant€of€robbery,€the€State€must€prove€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€that€there€was€an€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€theÏperson€of€the€victim€by€violence€or€putting€the€victim€in€fear.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„401(a).€ÏTo€convict€of€aggravated€robbery,€the€State€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubtÏthe€elements€of€robbery€and€that€the€offense€was€"[a]ccomplished€with€a€deadlyÍweapon€or€by€the€display€of€any€article€used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€toÏreasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon,"€or€that€the€victim€suffered€seriousÏbodily€injury€during€the€course€of€the€robbery.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„402(a).ÌÌà àà àA€"deadly€weapon",€as€used€in€the€robbery€statutes,€is€defined€in€T.C.A.Ïðð€39„11„106(a)(5):ÌÓÓÌÒ ô ÒÒ  Ò(A)€€A€firearm€or€anything€manifestly€designed,€made€orÏadapted€for€the€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€serious€bodilyÏinjury;€orÌÌ(B)€€Anything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€useÏis€capable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury;ÌÌÌÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÓÓà àà àThe€term€"serious€bodily€injury",€as€used€in€the€robbery€statutes,€isÏdefined€in€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33)€as:ÌÓÓÌÒ ô ÒÒ  Ò(A)€€A€substantial€risk€of€death;ÌÌ(B)€€Protracted€unconsciousness;ÌÌ(C)€€Extreme€physical€pain;ÌÌ(D)€€Protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€orÌÌ(E)€€Protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€functionÏof€a€bodily€member,€organ€or€mental€faculty.ÌÌÌÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÌÓÓà àà àThe€victim€testified€that€he€did€not€know€what€Barrett€had€used€when€heÏstruck€him€on€the€head.€€Barrett,€however,€testified€that€he€had€hit€the€victim€on€theÏhead€with€a€crushed,€crumpled€beer€can.€€We€agree€with€the€defendant€that€the€StateÏfailed€to€establish€that€Barrett€used€a€"deadly€weapon"€during€the€commission€of€thisÏoffense.€€The€proof€leaves€us€to€speculate€as€to€the€type€of€weapon.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€likewise€contends€that€the€State€failed€to€establish€thatÏthe€victim€suffered€"serious€bodily€injury"€during€the€robbery.€€We€do€not€agree.€ÏAlthough€admittedly€this€is€a€close€issue,€we€find€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€toÏsupport€the€verdict€of€the€jury.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€was€rendered€unconscious€by€a€blow€to€the€head€withÏ"something€pretty€hard"€and€experienced€"a€whole€lot€of€bleeding."€€The€victim'sÏvehicle€was€taken€and€he€was€abandoned€in€a€ditch€along€a€county€road€to€beÏdiscovered€later€by€a€man€walking€his€dog.€€Eight€stitches€were€required€to€close€theÏwound€on€the€victim's€head.€€The€record€is€unclear€as€to€how€long€the€victim€re…mained€along€the€roadside.€€However,€he€testified€that€it€happened€around€middayÏand€when€the€officer€talked€with€him€he€was€still€on€the€emergency€room€bed€at€someÏtime€between€4:30€and€6:00€o'clock€p.m.€€We€think€that€these€facts,€coupled€with€theÏvictim's€age,€are€sufficient€to€support€a€finding€of€"serious€bodily€injury"€by€creating€aÍsubstantial€risk€of€death.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€second€issue€the€defendant€complains€of€the€trial€court'sÏallowance€of€an€amendment€to€the€indictment€and€denial€of€a€continuance.€€TheÏState€filed€a€written€motion€on€June€22,€1994,€to€amend€the€presentment.€€TheÏmotion€stated€in€part:€€"Line€fifteen€(15)€of€the€presentment€in€this€cause€cites€'T.C.A.Ï39„13„402'€when€in€fact€it€should€cite€'T.C.A.€39„13„403.'"€€The€motion€was€heard€onÏthe€morning€of€trial,€before€voir€dire€commenced.€€The€trial€court€granted€the€State'sÏmotion€over€the€vigorous€objection€of€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àThe€factual€allegations€contained€in€the€presentment€alleged€theÏoffense€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€as€set€out€in€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„403.€€However,Ïthe€presentment€stated€that€the€offense€was€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð39„13„402,€whichÏdefines€the€offense€of€aggravated€robbery.€€The€amendment€simply€changed€theÏcode€sections€so€that€the€proper€section€was€alleged€in€the€indictment.ÌÌà àà àOur€rules€allow€an€amendment€to€an€indictment€before€jeopardyÏattaches€if€no€additional€or€different€offense€is€charged€and€no€substantial€rights€ofÏthe€defendant€are€prejudiced.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€7(b).€€Obviously,€jeopardy€hadÏnot€attached,€and€no€additional€or€different€offense€was€charged.€€Therefore,€the€onlyÍinquiry€which€we€must€examine€is€whether€or€not€the€defendant€was€prejudiced€byÏthe€amendment.ÌÌà àà àIt€is€well„established€that€the€recitation€of€a€code€section€in€a€chargingÏinstrument€is€mere€surplusage.€€òòState€v.€Bowersóó,€673€S.W.2d€887,€888€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1984).€€Therefore,€the€inclusion€of€the€wrong€code€section€does€not€affect€theÏvalidity€of€the€charging€instrument€if€the€factual€allegations€allege€the€appropriateÏoffense.€€òòBowersóó,€673€S.W.2d€at€888.ÌÌà àà àThe€record€reflects€that€the€motion€to€amend€was€made€before€jeopardyÏattached,€that€no€additional€or€different€offense€was€charged€as€a€result€of€theÏamendment,€and€that€the€"substantial€rights"€of€the€defendant€were€not€prejudiced.€ÏTherefore,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€granting€the€motion€to€amendÏthe€presentment€or€in€denying€a€continuance..ÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJOE€H.€WALKER,€III,€Special€Judge