WPC  i!%[KDQhH\xْ09"0 ~[AhPsdjnanȱዔ- .`Ӡծ\>)pnEmU *&ꂇbC|BP* մ*+ib hm$~Xl]7q(.|KݢWbQyFs(92\;E^hPziFym}utAF*ntI4BʻKڏ,l.O|Z~0]iZItv㱄T˕ "{[Z{՟Jr](^qDň䢡zEP15yɀl~&[lY6BF5M>Qa@4p[M%|{M/OOi+t~tOK{yHWm|q 67.q;=wG# F UNQ % 0( U : b w@ 4O c r z U: B D3 0D! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! AOe  0Dz D/ BHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nL(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,6 AZ"Arial Regular- - UDTDDDDeӀh&3|x  X XXX   X X   Ad FILED C      June7,1999  CecilCrowson,Jr.    CAppellateCourt  Clerk ,cAZ"Arial Regular d%%%%'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ` XXXvTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7ZXXdXXd7       r *<,(j 8 `@Ehf  tt0"` rߛINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE `  ATKNOXVILLEFEBRUARYSESSION,1999  JAMESE.MARTIN, h     ) p C.C.A.NO.03C019807CR00253 `  `     h     ) p  `   `  Appellant,  h     ) p  `   `     h     ) p JOHNSONCOUNTY `  V. `     h     ) `   `     h     ) p  `  HOWARDCARLTON,WARDEN,  ) p HON.LYNNW.BROWN,JUDGE  `  andSTATEOFTENNESSEE,    ) p  `   `     h     )  p  `  `  Appellee. h     ) p (HABEASCORPUS) `  FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE: H  JAMESE.MARTIN, prose      p JOHNKNOXWALKUP 8   NortheastCorrectionComplex#121405 p AttorneyGeneral&Reporter 8! P.O.Box5000MountainCity,TN37683     p TODDR.KELLEY (#   `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral ($  `     h      p 2ndFloor,CordellHullBuilding  `     h      p 425FifthAvenueNorth &  `     h      p Nashville,TN37243  `     h      p JOEC.CRUMLEY,JR. )    `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral * !  `     h      p MICHAELJ.FAHEY,II +"#  `     h      p AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral ,#$  `     h      p 114AlfTaylorRoad̀ `     h      p JohnsonCity,TN37601 .%& OPINIONFILED________________________AFFIRMEDTHOMAST.WOODALL,JUDGE  9(01S   v OPINION v `     ` ThePetitioner,JamesE.Martin,appealsasofrightthetrialcourtsdismissalofhispetitionforwritofhabeascorpusrelief.Afteracarefulreviewoftherecord,weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. ` OnApril18,1988,Petitionerpledguiltytofirstdegreemurderandarmedrobbery.Thetrialcourtsentencedhimtoconcurrentlifesentences.OnMay4,1998,Petitionerfiledaprosepetitionforwritofhabeascorpuswhichwas f subsequentlydeniedbythetrialcourt.Inthisappeal,Petitionerraisesthefollowingissues:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#IvԀ#vI#I.0 Whetherthetrialcourtlackedjurisdiction;6   Ѐ8 ` 8 ` (#` (#.  8 ` 8 ` (#` (#IvԀ#vI #II.0 Whethertheindictmentsweresufficient; &    ` 8 8 (# (#    8 ` 8 ` (#` (#8 A.Culpablementalstate xx  ` 8 8 (# (#B.ReferencetoTennesseeCodeAnnotated     ` 8 8 (# (#C.DistrictAttorneyGeneralssignature     ` 8 8 (# (#D.MultiplicitousIndictment    8 ` 8 ` (#` (#,,vԀ#v,,$#III.0 WhetherPetitionerreceivedtheeffectiveassistance N' ofcounsel;and    8 ` 8 ` (#` (#IV.0 WhetherPetitionerspleawasknowinglyand 6* ! voluntarilyenteredinto,whetherthetrialcourterredinacceptingPetitionersplea,andwhetheraconfessionPetitionermadeinjailwasadmittedinviolationofPetitionersFourthAmendmentrights.     ` Itisawellestablishedprincipleoflawthattheremedyofhabeascorpusislimitedinitsnatureanditsscope.Archerv.State,851S.W.2d157,16162(Tenn. 2)* 1993);Passarellav.State,891S.W.2d619,626(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).In 4~+, Tennessee,habeascorpusreliefisavailableonlyif itappearsuponthefaceofthejudgmentortherecordoftheproceedingsuponwhichthejudgmentisrenderedthat 8^/0 aconvictingcourtwaswithoutjurisdictionorauthoritytosentenceadefendant,orthatadefendantssentenceofimprisonmentorotherrestrainthasexpired.Archer, P  851S.W.2dat164(citationomittedinoriginal).Thepetitionerhastheburdenofestablishingeitheravoidjudgmentoranillegalconfinementbyapreponderanceoftheevidence.Passarella,891S.W.2dat627.Moreover,whereajudgmentisnot (  void,butismerelyvoidable,suchjudgmentmaynotbecollaterallyattackedinasuitforhabeascorpusrelief.Id. 8 @'DI.Jurisdiction H  ` Inthisissue,Petitionerarguesthatthetrialcourtdidnothavethejurisdictiontoconvicthim.However,wefindthattheCriminalCourtofHamiltonCountywasvestedwithjurisdictionintheinstantcasebystatutoryauthorityandbytheconstitutionoftheStateofTennessee.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.161101;Tenn. %p Const.art.VI,1.Thisissueiswithoutmerit.@22DII.SufficiencyoftheIndictments   ` Inthisissue,Petitionerassertsthathisconvictionsarevoidbecauseofvariousinsufficienciesintheindictments.Afteracarefulreviewoftheseissues,wefindtheindictmentstobesufficient.  :00 A.CulpableMentalState ` Petitionercontendsthattheindictmentswerevoidbecausetheydidnotallege h  aculpablementalstatefortheoffensesofarmedrobberyandfirstdegreemurder.Thecrimesinthiscasewerecommittedin1986,beforetheenactmentofthe1989CriminalCode.Post1989caseshavefocusedonTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911301and302,whichrequireaculpablementalstateforthecommissionofacriminaloffenseanddefinethefourculpablementalstatesapplicabletoviolationsofthe1989CriminalCode.See,e.g.,Satev.Hill,954 8 S.W.2d725(Tenn.1997).However,thecriminallawatthetimeofPetitionerscrimesdidnotcontainananalogousprovision.Seee.g.,CarlE.Sainev.Alton H Hesson,Warden,C.C.A.No.02C019710CC00399,LauderdaleCounty(Tenn. P Crim.App.,Jackson,Dec.15,1997),perm.toappealdenied(Tenn.1998).Thefirst X degreemurdercountsintheindictmentallegeinpertinentpartasfollows:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#That[Petitioner]heretoforeonoraboutthe28thdayofAugust,1987[sic],intheCountyaforesaid,didunlawfully,feloniously,willfully,deliberately,maliciously[,]premeditatedlyandofmaliceaforethoughtassault,killandmurderJamesW.Brown,againstthepeaceanddignityoftheState.   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#...   8 ` 8 ` (#` (#That[Petitioner]heretoforeonoraboutthe28thdayofAugust,1986,intheCountyaforesaid,didunlawfullyandfeloniouslymurderJamesW.Brown,whileintheperpetrationofRobbery,againstthepeaceanddignityoftheState.   & ` Atthetimeofthecrimes,firstdegreemurderwasdefinedinpertinentpartas [e]verymurderperpetratedbymeansofpoison,lyinginwait,orbyotherkindof willful,deliberate,maliciousandpremeditatedkilling,orcommittedinthe 8.. perpetrationoforattempttoperpetrate,any...robbery....Tenn.CodeAnn.392202(Supp.1982).  ` Thearmedrobberyindictmentallegesinpertinentpartasfollows:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#That[Petitioner]heretoforeonthe28thdayofAugust,1986,intheCountyaforesaid,didunlawfully,feloniouslyandforciblytakefromthepersonofJamesW.Brown,thefollowingdescribedproperty,towit:goodandlawfulmoneyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,valuedatmorethan$200.00,thepropertyofJamesW.Brown,bytheuseofforceandviolence,bytheuseofadangerousanddeadlyweapon,towit:abelt,orbyputtingthesaidJamesW.Browninfearofbodilyinjury,againstthepeaceanddignityoftheState.   +Ontherelevantdate,robberywasdefinedas thefeloniousandforcibletakingfromthepersonofanother,goodsormoneyofanyvalue,byviolenceorputtingthepersoninfear....[I]ftherobberybeaccomplishedbytheuseofadeadlyweaponthepunishmentshallbedeathbyelectrocution,orthejurymaycommutethepunishmenttoimprisonmentforlifeorforanyperiodoftimenotlessthanten(10)years.Tenn.CodeAnn.392501(Supp.1982). ` AportionoftheformerCriminalCoderelevanttotheindictmentsinthiscaseprovidesthattheindictmentsmust statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconciselanguage,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment....Tenn.CodeAnn.4013202(Supp.1982).  `  8..  ` Afterreviewingtheindictmentsundertheapplicablelaw,wefindthemtobe sufficient.Theindictmentsinthecaseatbarcloselyfollowthestatutoryformofthecrimes.Theculpablementalstatesrequiredbythestatutesaresufficientlyalleged,orcanbeinferred,fromthewordingintheindictments.Furthermore,theirformisconsistentwiththemandateofsection4013202(Supp.1982).Thus,wefindthemsufficientunderthelawasitexistedatthetime.Wenotethatalthoughnotcontrollinginthepresentcase,oursupremecourtsdecisioninHillsupportsour 0  conclusion.ThecourtstatedintheHillopinionthat anindictmentneednotconform 8 totraditionallystrictpleadingrequirements,andthat [i]nmodernpractice,itisunnecessarytochargeguiltyknowledgeunlessitisincludedinthestatutorydefinitionoftheoffense.954S.W.2dat727,729.񀀀Havingreviewedthelanguageoftheindictmentsinthiscase,wefindthatitwouldsufficeunderthesupremecourtsanalysisofthecurrentstatutoryrequirementsofnoticeandformaswell.Thisissueiswithoutmerit.   #h B.NoRreferencetoTennesseeCodeAnnotated   'x  ` Petitioneralsocontendsthattheindictmentsforarmedrobberyandfirstdegreemurderareinvalidbecauseneitherreferencesstatutoryauthority.Anindictmentorpresentmentmustprovidenoticeoftheoffensecharged,anadequatebasisfortheentryofaproperjudgment,andsuitableprotectionagainstdoublejeopardy.Statev.Trusty,919S.W.2d305,309(Tenn.1996);Statev.Byrd,820 2(( S.W.2d739,74041(Tenn.1991).Again,theindictmentmust statethefactsconstitutingtheoffenseinordinaryandconciselanguage,withoutprolixityorrepetition,insuchamannerastoenableapersonofcommonunderstandingtoknowwhatisintended,andwiththatdegreeofcertaintywhichwillenablethecourt,  :00 onconviction,topronouncetheproperjudgment....Tenn.CodeAnn.4013202(Supp.1982).Intheinstantcase,wefindthattheindictmentsprovidedPetitionersufficientinformationofthechargesagainsthim,andtherefore,thisissueiswithoutmerit.Furthermore,failuretoraisethisissuebeforetrialconstitutesawaiveroftheissuepursuanttoTenn.R.Crim.P.12(b)(2). `     h C.AttorneyGeneralsSignature 0   ` PetitionerarguesthathisconvictionforfirstdegreemurderisvoidbecauseeachcountoftheindictmentwasnotsignedbytheDistrictAttorneyGeneral.TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4013103requiresadistrictattorneytosignthechargingdocumentbeforeitissenttothegrandjury.Oursupremecourthasalsostatedthatnoindictmentshouldbesenttothegrandjury withoutthesanctionandapprobationofthesolicitorgeneral,provedbyhissignatureonsomepartofthebill. !` Foutv.State,4Tenn.(3Hayw.)98,99(1816)(emphasisadded).Clearlya #h signatureisrequired,butoneisnotnecessarilyrequiredtobeoneachcountofanindictment.InStatev.Lockett,oursupremecourtexplained, Itisnotessentialthat 'x thesignatureoftheofficershouldbeplacedattheendoftheindictment.Itissufficientifitappearonsomeotherpartofthepaper,provideditappearbeyonddoubtthattheattestationrelatestotheindictmentandeverypartthereof,andidentifiesthesameastheactandaccusationofthegovernment,donethroughitsswornofficer.50Tenn.(3Heisk.)27475(1871).Thecourtalsostatedthatitisnot absolutelynecessarythatthesignatureshouldbeattheconclusionofthebill;butitmustbeonit,andmustshowthatitisintendedtocoverallthecountscontainedtherein.Id.at275. 8..   :00  ` TheDistrictAttorneyGeneralintheinstantcasesignedaonepage,twocountindictmentatthebottomofthepage.Thecountsintheindictmentwereconsecutivelynumbered.Itcanbelogicallyreasonedthathissignaturewasplainlyintendedtocoverboththecountscontainedintheonepageindictment.Notwithstandingthefactthatwehaveconcludedthesignatureinthecasesubjudice   tobeproper,thisCourthasconsistentlyheldthatadistrictattorneysfailuretosignanindictmentwouldnotdeprivethetrialcourtofjurisdiction.See,e.g.,MickeyA. 0  Brownv.State,C.C.A.No.03C019707CR00280,JohnsonCounty(Tenn.Crim. 8 App.,Knoxville,Aug.17,1998),perm.toappealdenied(Tenn.1999).Therefore, @ anobjectiontoadefectofthisnaturemustbemadepretrial,andnotinacollateral,posttrialhabeascorpuspetition.SeeTenn.R.Crim.P.12(b)(2);NelsonB.Graves P v.HowardCarlton,Warden,C.C.A.No.03C019705CR00171,JohnsonCounty X (Tenn.Crim.App.,Knoxville,Mar.25,1998),perm.toappealdenied(Tenn.1998). !` Wefindnomeritinthisissue.D.MultiplicitousIndictment 'x  ` Petitionerallegesthatthecountsintheindictmentpertainingtofirstdegreemurderareinvalidbecausetheyaremultiplicitous.Petitionerappearstoargue,inpart,thathehasbeenunconstitutionallysubjectedtodoublejeopardy.Petitionerwaschargedwithcommonlawfirstdegreemurderandfelonymurder.ThismethodofchargingPetitionerdidnotsubjecthimtodoublejeopardy.Ourstateandfederalconstitutionsprotectapersonfrombeingprosecutedasecondtimeforthesameoffenseafteracquittalorconviction,andfrombeingpunishedmultipletimesforthesameoffense.SeeStatev.Mounce,859S.W.2d319,321(Tenn.1993).Inthe 8.. instantcase,twocountsoftheindictmentallegedalternativemeansofcommitting  :00 thesameoffense,murder.However,Petitionerpledguiltytoonecountoffirstdegreemurder.Therefore,hewasnotprosecutednorpunishedtwiceforthesameoffense.SeeEarlE.Collierv.CharlesJones,Warden,C.C.A.No.03C019710CR p  00464,MorganCounty(Tenn.CrimApp.,Knoxville,Aug.14,1998),perm.toappeal x denied(Tenn.1999).Furthermore,onlyonesentencingjudgmentwasenteredfor   aviolationofTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3913202.ThisCourthasnoted, thetrialcourtsentryofonlyonejudgmentofconvictionimposingonlyonesentence...protectsthedefendantfromreceivingmultiplepunishmentsforthesameoffense.Nodoublejeopardyperilexists.Statev.Addison,973S.W.2d260,267(Tenn. @ Crim.App.1997),perm.toappealdenied(Tenn.1998).WenotethattheStateis H notevenrequiredtoelectattrialbetweenfirstdegreepremeditatedanddeliberatemurderandfelonymurderchargedinseparatecountsoftheindictmentforasingleoffense.SeeStatev.Henley,774S.W.2d908,916(Tenn.1989).Wealsonotethat !` aconvictionforbothfirstdegreemurderandarmedrobberydidnotsubjectPetitionertodoublejeopardyeither.SeeStatev.Norris,684S.W.2d650,654 %p (Tenn.Crim.App.1984).Finally,thisisnotanappropriateissueforhabeascorpusrelief.SeeCollier,C.C.A.No.03C019710CR00464,slipop.at12.Thisissueis )  withoutmerit. `   @\\'DIssuesIII.andV. /&&    ` ThePetitionercontendsintheseissuesthathewasprovidedineffectiveassistanceofcounsel,thataconfessionhemadewhileincustodywasinviolationofhisFourthAmendmentrights,thathispleawasunknowinglyandinvoluntarilyenteredinto,andthatthetrialcourterredinacceptinghisplea.Thesekindsof  :00 collateralattacksbasedonconstitutionalchallengestoanotherwisevalidconvictionareproperforpostconvictionreliefproceedings,butnotinaproceedingforhabeascorpusrelief.See,e.g.,Archerv.State,851S.W.2d157,16465(Tenn.1993). p  Noneoftheseallegationsisproperforahabeascorpuspetitionbecausetheydonotrenderhisjudgmentvoid.Theseissuesarewithoutmerit. ` Basedonalltheforegoing,weaffirmthetrialcourtsdismissalofthepetitionforwritofhabeascorpusrelief. `     h   ____________________________________ `     h   THOMAST.WOODALL,JudgeCONCUR:___________________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge   &t ___________________________________L.T.LAFFERTY,SeniorJudge