ÿWPCÝ €cYç?§¥Ì‘Ã'?5sÃ;¤ÛqZ6ø›Ìé(Û»÷Êm'ÎràˆÐz_9 À±‰ù ±~–‘ëiÀdƒ W®†póùºY3OëšÀ‡6ªHêGºôÑçCN’KW¯û® Ññ£`Aû?ÏԢ܋?²ý9Soª¤ ý~ áë£ãhYê;i‰œ}À^¦>:¯œ"]|ÀYôƒû¦f̈w/'•Q—Æ}‰ðaÐñÀ ULD=ÐFUÊÎr91(a<…®®*Kä¶éïºÝLkõßÆýå®+ ß‘5<xT·3‰n)™‹ÐWÿ>{ºžÙr™ŽÓB©š;6J êš_0Í3fí…yäxA¾[Œ8?¬†]­ûU;Œœf J×ÖXG¤e¢šånÚÇDUº-ÒcK´úÕI %¶=ìjø·Ø®Ì× ªèÝa‚vrîÉzt£«+úrH'ë\úˆî×’0ÎbîC† ûåeW¬5j2¼+|š$fºfzgÚºÉí‹À…Œû›|H³K— 2Sç :'×~¤cÂÒhdÃÔÏ5(™°0u$áXµZÀ{¦ŠgÓ~OçÁýC˜4b¥8c †Ô¹#/{{3þý[ÙHÌQßv å|·…# F %Q UNW 0Æ¥ k 4s ‡ U:–  Ð w@ð U:0U:jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj B¤¤¤¤¤ D3ÁÁÁ 0Dôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôôô AO8Ƈ‡ 0DM D/‘ BÀ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐX(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓƒƒ '3|xq, øð AZ"Arial Regular Ô€ XãøXXXÔÔ€ î}âîX XãøÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ CØî î}âÔÐ  ÐÌò òAugust€26,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ô[ªô CØÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó ]^D_`DabcDdDe4efÓ€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑÜ°ÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýñeñ›ñeññeñ›ñeñÑ7€×yXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ XãøXXXÔñfñœßr€ *<,(j 8 `€€@Ehf  tt0" ` ¨Ørß›ñfñà@g g ÚàòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóˆÐ `  Ðà@*ÚàòòAT€KNOXVILLEóóˆÐ , Ì Ðà@(ÚàJULY€1999€SESSIONˆÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì à*à D àC.C.A.€#€03C01„9803„CR„00103Ð 0 Ðà Œ àAppellee,à < àà ” àà ì à*à D àKNOX€COUNTYÐ \ü  ÐVS.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì à*à D àHon.€Richard€R.€Baumgartner,€JudgeÐ (È  ÐÓÓJAMES€O.€MARTIN,à ” àà ì à*à D à(Aggravated€Arson)Ð ô”  ÐÌà Œ àAppellant.à < àà ” àà ì à*Ð À` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð $Ä ÐÌDavid€L.€Bacon,€Attorney€à ” àà ì àà D àPaul€G.€Summers€Ð ð Ð602€South€Gay€Streetà ” àà ì àà D àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ Öv ÐSuite€600à ä àà < àÐ ¼ \ ÐKnoxville,€TN€€37902à ” àà ì àà D àTodd€R.€Kelleyà L àà ¤ àÐ ¢!B Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àSecond€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€Building€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àRandall€E.€Nichols€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àScott€Green€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àCity„County€Building€Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àKnoxville,€TN€€37902ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  27Ò-3 ÐÓÓà@33-ÚàòòOPINIONóóˆÐ `  Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€James€O.€Martin,€was€tried€and€convicted€ofÏaggravated€arson.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„302.€€The€trial€judge€imposed€aÏtwenty„two€year€sentence.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€claims€that€theÏevidence€was€insufficient,€that€it€was€physically€impossible€for€the€defendant€toÏcommit€this€crime,€and€that€his€right€to€a€fair€and€impartial€jury€was€violated€by€theÏinclusion€of€a€biased€juror.€€We€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€the€evening€of€October€12,€1996,€Arson€Investigator€Lynn€Kirby€ofÏthe€Knoxville€Fire€Department€was€called€upon€to€investigate€a€fire€at€the€residenceÏof€Mr.€and€Mrs.€William€Brashears€at€916€Dinwiddie€Street€in€Knoxville.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWhen€Investigator€Kirby€arrived€at€the€scene,€he€found€two€cans€ofÏcharcoal€lighter€fluid€on€the€roof,€pieces€of€a€sheet,€a€piece€of€towel,€a€melted€plasticÏjug,€and€a€Tvarstki€Vodka€bottle.€€It€was€his€opinion€that€the€fire€was€initiated€on€theÏroof€where€melted€plastic€was€found.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAt€trial,€the€state€presented€proof€that€just€prior€to€the€fire,€theÏdefendant€went€to€the€residence€of€Jackie€Neubill€at€1008€Dinwiddie€Street,€leftÏthere€to€acquire€three€bottles€of€Tvarstki€Vodka,€and,€upon€his€return,€announced,Ï"Somebody€needs€to€burn€[William€Bill€Brashears']€house€down."€€The€defendantÏhad€been€drinking€heavily€by€the€time€he€made€the€remark,€appeared€to€beÏdepressed€over€the€loss€of€one€or€more€family€members,€and€ultimately€expressedÏanger€towards€Brashears,€"blaming€[him]€for€his€family€being€destroyed...."€€Ms.ÏNeubill€had€two€cans€of€Kroger€charcoal€lighting€fluid€sitting€on€her€back€porch€justÏbefore€the€fire.€€She€stated€that€the€two€cans€were€missing€just€after€the€fire€andÐ 8¸.4 Ðconfirmed€that€the€defendant€had€access€to€her€porch.€€Ms.€Neubill€testified€that€twoÏcanisters€found€at€the€scene€of€the€fire€were€identical€in€size€and€make€as€thoseÏtaken€from€her€back€porch.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àBrashears€was€alerted€by€neighbors€that€his€house€was€on€fire.€€AfterÏthe€fire€was€extinguished,€he€observed€an€altercation€in€the€street€involving€theÏdefendant,€who€had€been€accused€by€others€present€of€setting€the€fire.€€At€oneÏpoint,€the€defendant€stated,€"Hell,€yeah,€I€set€the€guy's€house€on€fire.€€The€son[„]ofÌ[„]a[„]bitch€caused€me€to€lose€my€kids€and€everything.€€He€has€turned€me€in."€ÏBrashears,€his€wife,€and€their€one„year„old€grandchild€were€in€the€house€at€the€timeÏthe€fire€was€set.€€Brashears€confirmed€that€he€had€previously€complained€to€theÏKnoxville€Police€Department€about€the€behavior€of€the€defendant.€€He€testified€thatÏabout€two€months€prior€to€the€fire,€the€defendant€had€helped€his€stepfather€put€aÏroof€on€the€Brashears'€residence.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àJust€prior€to€the€fire,€the€defendant€went€to€the€residence€of€PrenticeÏHatmaker.€€Hatmaker's€sister„in„law,€Lillian€Irene€Smith,€testified€that,€while€there,Ïthe€defendant€suggested€to€Hatmaker,€"Come€on.€€Let's€go€down€here€and€burn€thisÏ...€house...."€€Later€in€the€conversation,€she€recalled€that€the€defendant€said,€"Well,€ifÏyou€can't€do€it€...€I€will€do€it."€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€left€the€HatmakerÏresidence€and,€upon€his€return€about€ten€or€fifteen€minutes€later€announced,€"Well,Ïit€is€taken€care€of€now."€€Ms.€Smith€testified€that€she€heard€fire€trucks€arrive€aboutÏten€minutes€thereafter.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àDavid€Long,€who€was€at€the€Hatmaker€residence€at€the€time€of€theÏdefendant's€visit,€testified€that€he€purchased€a€gallon€of€gas€at€the€defendant'sÏrequest€just€prior€to€the€fire.€€The€defendant€informed€Long€that€he€had€run€out€ofÐ 8¸.4 Ðgas€and€needed€some€for€his€van.€€Long€returned€the€gasoline€in€a€plastic€anti„¼freeze€container.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAfter€the€fire€started,€the€defendant€walked€to€the€Neubill€house€ñeñœñeñ"veryñeñ›ñeññeññeñÏexcited"€and€said,€"Listen€for€the€fire€trucks."€€Ms.€Neubill€stated€that€because€theÏdefendant€was€"very€intoxicated"€at€the€time,€she€did€not€initially€take€him€seriously.€ÏWhen€Ms.€Neubill€heard€the€fire€trucks,€the€defendant€stated,€"I€tried€to€use€aÏ[Molotov]€cocktail,€and€it€didn't€work."€€The€defendant€stated€that€the€80„proof€VodkaÏwould€not€burn€but€the€100„proof€would.€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€who€testified€on€his€own€behalf,€acknowledged€threeÏprior€offenses€of€grand€larceny,€escape,€and€theft.€€He€claimed€that€he€had€noÏknowledge€of€setting€fire€to€James€Brashears'€residence€but€did€concede€that€he€didÏthings€when€he€was€drunk€that€he€did€not€remember€afterward.€€He€denied€beingÏdepressed€over€any€family€loss€on€the€date€of€the€fire€but€did€acknowledge€thatÏPrentice€Hatmaker€had€said€that€Brashears,€who€was€a€frequent€user€of€a€citizensÏband€radio,€had€bragged€about€giving€information€to€police€which€led€to€the€priorÏarrest€of€the€defendant€and€Hatmaker€on€unrelated€charges.€€He€asserted€thatÏHatmaker€brought€up€the€subject€of€burning€the€Brashears'€house€on€the€night€of€theÏfire€and€the€defendant€answered,€"The€house€won't€burn€...€[i]t€is€stone...."€€TheÏdefendant€stated€that€he€otherwise€had€no€recollection€of€what€happened€the€rest€ofÏthe€evening€because€of€his€use€of€an€anti„depressant€ñeñœñeñmedication€andñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€hisÏconsumption€of€alcohol.€€ÌÌà@¾¾0ÚàIˆÌà Œ àà ä àInitially,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€evidence€was€insufficientÏbecause€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€the€defendant€"knowingly"€committed€a€crimeÐ 8¸.4 Ðof€aggravated€arson.€ñeñœñeññeñÔ‡X#ÍXX X#ÍÔñeññeññeññeñÔ#† X#ÍXXX#Íä##Ôñeññeñ›ñeñ€ñeñœñeñÔ‡X#ÍXX X#ÍÔOn€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÐ `  Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawnÏtherefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€ofÐ ø ˜ Ðthe€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€ofÏconflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,Ð 0 Ð575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.Ð À` ÐWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Ô#† X#ÍXXX#Í"#ÔTheñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€statuteÐ Œ, Ðprovides€as€follows:€€ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àò òArson.ó ó„„(a)€A€person€commits€an€offense€who€knowinglyÐ $Ä Ðdamages€any€structure€by€means€of€fire€or€explosion:€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  Ðñeñœñeññ\ñÌñ\ññeñ›ñeññeññeñà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àñeñœñeññ]ñ€€€ñ]ñ(1)ñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€Without€the€consent€of€all€persons€who€have€aÏpossessory,€proprietary€or€security€interest€therein;€or€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  Ðñeñœñeññ^ñÌñ^ññeñ›ñeññeññeñà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àñeñœñeññ_ñ€€€ñ_ñ(2)ñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€With€intent€to€destroy€or€damage€any€structure€toÏcollect€insurance€for€the€damage€or€destruction€or€for€anyÏunlawful€purpose....€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„301.€€ñeñœñeññ`ñ̛̛̛Ìñ`ññeñ›ñeññeññeñÓÓñeñœñeññ`ñà ì à›à ì àñ`ñTheñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€offense€is€aggravated€under€the€followingÏcircumstances:€€ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(1)€€When€one€(1)€or€more€persons€are€present€therein;Ïor€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(2)€When€any€person,€including€firefighters€and€lawÏenforcement€officials,€suffers€serious€injury€as€a€result€ofÏthe€fire€or€explosion.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„302(a).€€Aggravated€arson€is€a€Class€A€felony.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„14„302(b).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€mens€rea€of€"knowing"€requires€that€"the€person€is€aware€of€theÏnature€of€the€conduct"€or€the€accompanying€circumstances.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„¼11„302(b).€€Voluntary€intoxication€is€ñeñœñeñnotñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€a€defense€to€prosecution.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„503(a).€€Evidence€of€such€intoxication€may,€however,€be€admitted€to€negateÐ 9¤/5 Ðthe€mens€rea.€€òòId.óó€€The€jury€must€consider€the€extent€and€effect€of€the€intoxicationÐ `  Ðupon€the€defendant's€ability€to€ñeñœñeñañañcñañtñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€knowingly.€€Whether€the€defense€applies€is€aÏquestion€for€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bullingtonóó,€532€S.W.2d€556,€560„61€(Tenn.Ð ø ˜ Ð1976);€òòState€v.€Givensóó,€631€S.W.2d€720,€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€Ð Äd ÐÌà Œ àà ä àHere,€the€evidence€established€that€the€defendant€was€intoxicated€atÏthe€time€of€the€offense.€€Nevertheless,€there€were€other€circumstances€whichÏwarranted€the€jury's€conclusion€that€the€defendant€had€the€mental€capacity€toÏknowingly€set€the€fire.€€The€state€proved€that€the€defendant€made€severalÏstatements€prior€to€the€fire€that€he€intended€to€burn€the€Brashears'€residence.€€HeÏbought€bottles€of€Vodka€from€the€liquor€store€and€arranged€for€David€Long€toÏpurchase€a€gallon€of€gasoline€in€a€plastic€container.€€There€was€proof€that€he€tookÏtwo€charcoal€lighter€canisters€from€the€Neubill€residence€just€before€the€fire€was€set.€ÏBecause€the€defendant€thought€Brashears€had€"snitched"€to€police€his€involvementÏin€a€prior€offense,€the€defendant€had€a€possible€motive.€€There€was€also€proof€thatÏthe€defendant€was€familiar€not€only€with€the€Brashears'€residence€but€also€theÏmaterials€which€made€up€the€roof.€€From€all€of€this,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏdetermined€that€the€defendant€possessed€the€requisite€culpable€mental€stateÏdespite€his€level€of€intoxication.ÌÌÔ‡X#ÍXX X#ÍÔà@¢¢/ÚàIIˆÐ P-ð#( Ðà Œ àà ä àNext,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€toÏovercome€the€presumption€of€innocence.€€The€defendant€contends€that€theÏevidence€showed€it€was€physically€impossible€for€the€defendant€to€have€committedÏthe€crime€alleged€by€the€state.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€relies€on€the€"physical€facts€rule"€which€is€the€"acceptedÐ 8¸.4 Ðproposition€that€in€cases€where€the€testimony€of€a€witness€is€entirely€irreconcilableÏwith€the€physical€evidence,€the€testimony€can€be€disregarded."€€òòState€v.€Hornsbyóó,Ð , Ì Ð858€S.W.2d€ñeñœñeñ892,ñbñ€ñbñ894ñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€(Tenn.€1993).€€"'[W]here€undisputed€physical€facts€are€entirelyÏinconsistent€with€and€opposed€to€testimony€...€the€physical€facts€must€control.€€NoÏjury€can€be€allowed€to€return€a€verdict€based€upon€oral€testimony€which€is€flatlyÏopposed€to€physical€facts,€the€existence€of€which€is€incontrovertibly€established.'"€ÏòòId.óó,€858€S.W.2d€at€894€(quoting€òòWood€v.€United€Statesóó,€342€ñeñœñeñF.2dñeñ›ñeññeññeñ€708,€713„14€(8thÐ (È  ÐCir.€1965)).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€order€for€the€physical€facts€rule€to€apply,€the€"facts€used€to€negateÏthe€testimony€must€be€'well„established€and€universally€recognized€physical€laws.'"€ÏòòHornsbyóó,€858€S.W.2d€at€895€(quoting€òòNelms€v.€Tennessee€Farmers€Mutual€Ins.€Co.óó,Ð $Ä Ð613€S.W.2d€481,€483€(Tenn.€App.€1978)).€€It€has€also€been€clearly€established€byÏthe€courts€that€"in€order€for€testimony€to€be€considered€incredible€as€a€matter€of€law,Ïit€must€be€unbelievable€on€its€face,€i.e.,€testimony€as€to€facts€...€that€the€witnessÏphysically€could€not€have€possibly€observed€or€events€that€could€not€have€occurredÏunder€the€laws€of€nature."€€òòHornsbyóó,€858€S.W.2d€at€894.Ð  &À  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€only€evidence€presented€by€the€defendant€to€support€his€claimÏwas€his€own€testimony€that€it€was€physically€impossible€for€him€to€climb€on€theÏvictim's€roof.€€Such€evidence€is€not€sufficient€for€the€physical€facts€rule€to€apply.€€TheÏjury€chose€to€discredit€the€defendant's€testimony.€€Such€a€choice€was€reasonableÏand€this€court€will€not€reweigh€the€evidence.Ô#† X#ÍXXX#ÍD3#ÔÐ è0ˆ', ÐÌà@††/ÚàIIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€ClaudeÏPhillip€Foster€to€serve€as€a€member€of€the€jury.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€juror€Ð 8¸.4 ÐFoster€had€served€as€his€bailbondsman€in€the€past€and,€after€a€failure€to€appear,Ï"had€chased€him€into€North€Carolina€and€one€other€state...."€€The€defendantÏcontended€that€juror€Foster€did€not€respond€during€voir€dire€when€the€jurors€wereÏasked€whether€they€had€been€victims€of€crimes€when,€in€fact,€two€members€of€hisÏfamily€had€been€murdered€some€two€months€prior€to€trial.€€Defense€counselÏapparently€learned€of€these€circumstances€when€juror€Foster€revealed€theÏinformation€during€voir€dire€in€a€subsequent€case.€€The€state€asserts€that€theÏdefendant€was€fully€aware€that€juror€Foster€had€served€as€a€bailbondsman€andÏchose€not€to€utilize€a€preemptory€challenge€or€otherwise€make€objection.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAfter€the€trial,€juror€Foster€testified€that€he€did€not€recall€the€defendantÏand€that,€during€deliberations,€there€was€no€extraneous€information€communicatedÏto€any€of€the€members€of€the€jury.€€He€stated€that€it€was€only€after€trial,€when€it€wasÏbrought€to€his€attention,€that€he€recalled€having€made€ñeñœñeññcñ€ñcñañeñ›ñeññeññeñ€security€bond€for€theÏdefendant€while€employed€by€Freedom€Bonding€Company.€€Juror€Foster€explainedÏthat€he€did€not€remember€the€defendant€because€their€meeting€took€place€someÏseven€years€prior€to€the€trial€and€that€he€had€made€appearance€bonds€for€over€800Ïother€individuals€while€employed€as€an€agent.€€Juror€Foster€also€testified€that€duringÏvoir€dire€the€question€posed€to€the€jury€was€whether€the€prospective€jurors€had€anyÏfamily€members€who€were€involved€in€law€enforcement.€€He€believed€that€his€silenceÏindicated€a€truthful€response.€€He€also€stated€that€he€interpreted€the€question€aboutÏwhether€the€prospective€jurors€had€been€victims€of€crime€to€relate€to€crimes€similarÏto€arson.€€He€explained€that€he€did€not€answer€the€victim€of€crime€question€becauseÏthe€murder€of€his€brother's€step„daughter€and€her€husband€by€their€son€was€"totallyÏ...€different€[and€not]€relevant."ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€accredited€the€juror's€testimony€that€he€had€noÐ 8¸.4 Ðrecollection€of€the€defendant€at€the€time€of€the€trial.€€The€trial€court€also€concludedÏthat€the€juror€responded€truthfully€to€the€question,€"Have€any€of€you€been€the€victimÏof€a€crime?"€€While€three€or€four€other€jurors€indicated€that€they€had€been€victims€ofÏa€crime,€juror€Foster€did€not.€€When€the€trial€court€learned€that€juror€Foster€had€aÏbrother€whose€step„daughter€and€her€husband€that€had€been€killed€by€their€son,€itÏdecided€that€Foster€just€did€not€meet€the€definition€of€victim€of€that€particular€crimeÏand€that€he€had,€in€fact,€been€truthful€by€not€responding€to€the€question.€€Finally,€theÏtrial€court€found€as€fact€that€juror€Foster€had€no€bias€against€the€defendant€and€anyÏargument€to€the€contrary€qualified€as€"pure€speculation."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àJuror€disqualifications€are€based€upon€either€(1)€propter€defectum€orÏ(2)€propter€affectum.€€òòPartin€v.€Hendersonóó,€686€S.W.2d€587€(Tenn.€App.€1984).€Ð $Ä ÐObjections€based€on€general€disqualifications,€such€as€familial€relationship,€areÏwithin€the€propter€defectum€class€and€as€such,€must€be€challenged€before€a€verdict.€ÏòòId.óó€at€589.€€In€contrast,€disqualification€based€on€propter€affectum€exists€due€toÐ ˆ"( Ðsome€bias€or€partiality€toward€one€party€in€the€litigation.€€òòId.óó;€òòToombs€v.€Stateóó,€270Ð T$ô ÐS.W.2d€649,€651€(Tenn.€1954).€€Propter€affectum€objections€may€be€made€after€theÏreturn€of€the€jury€verdict.€€òòId.óó;€òòDurham€v.€Stateóó,€188€S.W.2d€555,€557€(Tenn.€1945).€Ð ì'Œ" ÐBecause€the€defendant€claims€bias€or€partiality€in€favor€of€the€state,€this€is€a€case€ofÏpropter€affectum.€€òòState€v.€Furloughóó,€797€S.W.2d€631,€652€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Ð „+$"& ÐÌà Œ àà ä àIn€our€view,€the€juror€was€truthful€when€he€failed€to€respond€to€theÏquestion€about€whether€he€had€been€the€actual€victim€of€a€crime.€€Defense€counselÏdid€not€provide€any€definition€to€the€term€and€there€were€no€follow„up€questions€toÏbroaden€the€inquiry.€€From€the€testimony€presented,€it€does€not€appear€that€the€jurorÏintentionally€withheld€the€information.€€More€importantly,€the€evidence€has€notÏestablished€that€juror€Foster€was€prejudiced€against€the€defendant.€€The€trial€courtÐ 8¸.4 Ðaccredited€the€juror's€testimony€that€he€had€no€recollection€of€the€defendant.€€ThatÏthe€defendant€apparently€did€not€recall€juror€Foster€during€jury€selection€lendsÏcredence€to€that€claim.€€The€evidence€in€the€record€does€not€preponderate€againstÏthe€conclusion€of€the€trial€court€that€there€was€no€bias.€€Our€review€suggests€that€theÏverdict€was€not€influenced€by€the€nature€of€the€meeting€between€the€defendant€andÏjuror€Foster€some€seven€years€prior€to€ñeñœñeñtrialñdñ,ñdññeñ›ñeññeññeñ€but€instead€was€based€upon€theÏoverwhelming€proof€of€his€guilt€of€aggravated€arson.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€ÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€Judge€ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJoe€G.€Riley,€Judge€