WPC0 MrWaunP8Q1[&}^lਢUɾ;Hq7vƯYYm<UqXUAtQ(\|YˆA1HTiɯ"Pu!w )'lOO쬫Bu ~/Q!++Huy$p?_BJ)qM ߜ^tּL^?yԃ$_崥+,\(6Ω!3%7yyVa 9tD?Cw¼Bh^~}Y5#F,F5[qJi/p.cJLgVs$ m/T!YɹN^۸p?\?\a$ N]"U(hFL^;*W4T4PPC[O'{(<`%=\^Wx{OYHW *#GzU.F %t bz  ~  U:E  n < 0(D U:l w 4X U:l 0 0D?U:U: B D3 0DGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG AO 0D D/ B<6X9`(CourierX  XXXX#XX   Ad FILED]#   August10,1999  CecilCrowson,Jr.% ]AppellateCourt  Clerk  d$XXXX `   1    ݀Tenn.CodeAnn.3913202(a)(1)(1990).,cAZ"Arial Regular3|xn<6X9`(CourierXx6X@`7X@($,  AZ"Arial RegularnUnDnDnnnEnnDnDnnDnnn{nnEnn{nnEnnDnnDnnDnn&enӀh&,cAZ"Arial Regular(I(2d$  !  XXXX `   0  (#$  0  ,cAZ"Arial Regular,cAZ"Arial Regular d""""'dxd(3$  !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd  !  nnnnnn`   TR[A'Legal3'A' Legal3'T X9XXX7 9 XXdXXd7  nr*<,(j 8 `@Ef  tt0"H` rߛn @ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE P  ̀@::'ATKNOXVILLE 0  @dd%MAY1999SESSION    STATEOFTENNESSEE, h     ) p  p   `     h     ) p  `   `  Appellee, h     ) p C.C.A.No.03C019805CR00184 P   `     h     ) p  @  vs. `     h     ) p KnoxCounty 0   `     h     ) p       ANDREWLEEMOATS,JR.,A.K.A,  ) p Hon.RayL.Jenkins,Judge p  BUTCHMOATS    h     ) `  `     h     ) p  P   `  Appellant. h     ) p (FirstDegreeMurder) @  `     h      p  `     h      `     h      p FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE:   M.JEFFREYWHITT(attrialand   p PAULG.SUMMERS   AttorneyatLaw  򀀀onappeal)    p AttorneyGeneral&Reporter  p 706WalnutStreet,Suite902Knoxville,TN37902 h      p MARVINS.BLAIR,JR.  "P  `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral RICHARDW.CLARK,III(attrial)   p 425FifthAve.N.,2dFloor $0 AttorneyatLaw   h      p Nashville,TN372430493 %  706WalnutStreet,Suite903     p      x   p& Knoxville,TN37902 h      p WILLIAME.DOSSETT  `'   `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral P(!  `     h      p FREDBRIGHT  0* #  `     h      p AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral   +!$  `     h      p 400Main,P.O.Box1468 ,"%  `     h      p Knoxville,TN379011468  -#& OPINIONFILED:________________AFFIRMEDJAMESCURWOODWITT,JR.,JUDGE  @8.2  <26 Ї@qq* OPINION  `  XXX X9'X, XX' # X9XXXV#Thedefendant,AndrewLeeMoats,Jr.,appealsfromhisjury   convictionforfirstdegreemurder #  1      ׀intheKnoxCountyCriminalCourt.Thetrialcourt  imposedalifesentenceintheTennesseeDepartmentofCorrection.Inthisdirectappeal,thedefendantchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidenceandcontendsthereisinadequateproofofintent,deliberationandpremeditationtosupporthisconvictionforfirstdegreemurder.Afterareviewoftherecord,thebriefsoftheparties,andtheapplicablelaw,weaffirm.XXX X9 # X9XXXN#Thestatepresentedthefollowingproof.JefferyMayestestifiedthat   hemetthevictim,DallasWalker,atthevictimshometwodayspriortothevictimsmurder.MayesreceivedoverfivehundreddollarsfromthevictimtopurchasemarijuanaforthevictimandCarlNeer.Mayesgavethedefendantthemoneytopurchasethemarijuana.ThedefendantandMayesattemptedtoobtainthemarijuana,buttheywereunsuccessful. RichardBreedentestifiedthatthedaybeforethevictimsmurder,June8,1990,hetalkedtothevictimaboutthevictimsdealwiththedefendant.BreedenhadrecentlytradedhisJeepandanIntratecninemillimeterautomaticpistolforthedefendantsLincolnContinental.Aroundduskthatevening,Breeden,thevictim,MarleneWalker,ChuckWalkerandBillCoxwenttothedefendantshouseinBreedensLincoln.Thevictim,thedefendantandMayestalkedoutsideinfrontofthedefendantshome.Breedenwasunabletohearthisconversation,buthetestifiedthatitwasaverybriefconversationandhesawnoviolentgestures.After L6,0 thisconversation,thefiveofthemdrovetoMaynardvilleinsearchofthedefendantsJeep.FourhundreddollarswasstillowedontheLincolnforwhichBreedentradedtheJeep;therefore,BreedenwasunabletoobtainacleartitletotheLincoln.TheydidnotlocatethedefendantsJeep,andtheyreturnedtoMarleneWalkershome. Breedentestifiedthatthefollowingmorning,thevictimandCarlNeercametohishouseinthevictimscremecoloredFordEscort.ThevictimdroveNeerandBreedentothedefendantshometoinquireabouthismoney,butthedefendantwasnotathome.Intheafternoon,MayescalledBreedenandtoldhimthattheyhadhalfthevictimsmoney,andtheywouldobtaintheotherhalfbytheendoftheday.MayestestifiedhetoldBreedenthatthedefendanthadallthevictimsmoney.Breedennotifiedthevictimofthesituation.ThevictimreturnedtoBreedenshousewithCarlNeer,andtheydrovetothedefendantshomeagain.ThevictimparkedhiscarataMrs.Winnersrestaurantnearthedefendantshome.MayesexitedthedefendantshomewherehemetBreedennearthestreet.MayestoldBreeden,whowascarryinga.25calibergun,itwouldtakeanother3045minutestoobtainthevictimsnnmoney.ThennvictimnnandnnBreedenn񜛜nleft,butnnBreedenreturnedtothedefendantshouselatertoinquireaboutthevictimsmoney.MayestestifiedthathesawaninemillimetergunlayinginthepassengersseatofBreedensLincolnwhileheandBreedenweretalking.BreedentestifiedthatMayesseemedverynervousduringthismeeting. InadditiontothemeetingsforwhichBreedentestified,MayestestifiedaboutameetinginMarleneWalkersdrivewayamongMayes,thevictimandthedefendant,whichoccurredonthenightbeforeorthedayofthevictimsmurder.ThevictimaskedMayesabouthismoney,andMayestoldthevictimthatthedefendanthadthemoney.Thevictimandthedefendantdiscussedsomething  :04 calmly,butMayeswasunabletoheartheconversation. CarlNeertestifiedthathearrivedatthevictimshousearound8:30p.m.ontheeveningofthemurder.NeertestifiedthathewasnotthereinthemorningasBreedenhadtestified.Neertestifiedthathe,thevictimandMarleneWalkerdrovetoBreedenshouseinthevictimsFordEscort.Thefourofthemwenttothedefendantshouse,Breedenknockedonthedoor,andBreedenreturnedtothecarsayingnoonewasthere.Theyparkedacrossthestreetfromthedefendantshouseatafastfoodrestaurant.NeerdescribedthemeetingofBreedenandMayesconsistentlywiththetestimonyofBreedenandMayes.ThevictimreturnedBreedentohishomeanddroveMarleneWalkerandNeertothevictimshome.  MarleneWalkerleftthevictimshome,butreturnedtentofifteenminuteslater.Walkertoldthevictimthatthedefendanthadreturnedhomeandsuggestedthatthevictimshouldgotothedefendantstoretrievehismoney.ThevictimandNeerdrovetothedefendantshomearoundnn11:00nnp.m.onJune9,1990.BecausethevictimdidnotseethedefendantsJeepatthedefendantshome,hedecidedtoparkinaparkinglotnearthedefendantshometowatchandwaitforthedefendant.Neertestifiedthatwithinfiveminutesapersonexitedthefrontdoorofthedefendantshome.Onetotwominuteslater,twomorepeopleexitedthedefendantshome.NeersawaJeepexitthedefendantshomeonasidestreet.TheJeeppulledinfrontoftheircaratananglewiththebrightlightsshiningintothevictimscar.ThebrightlightsremainedonthevictimandNeerastheyliftedtheirhandstocovertheireyes.Aftertentotwelveseconds,theJeeppulleddoortodoortothevictimscar.AccordingtoNeer,nnthedefendant,thenndriverinthennJeep,nnsaidthevictimsnameandaskedthevictimifthevictimhadbeenlookingforhim.Neerdid  :04 nothearthevictimsayanything.Thedefendanthadashotgunplacedacrosshislap.ThevictimandNeerdidnothavegunsintheirhandsatthistime,butthereweretwogunsinthecarwhichwerevisible.NeertestifiedthatthedefendantshotthevictiminthefacewithinsecondsorminutesofplacinghisJeepdoortodoorwiththevictimscar.Afterbringinghimselfoffthefloorboard,Neerexitedthevehiclewiththe.25calibergunandattemptedtoshootattheJeep.Thegunwouldnotdischarge,andNeerthrewitinanearbyyard. Mayeswaswiththedefendantwhenthevictimwasshot.Mayestestifiedthatthedefendantnevertalkedaboutshootingsomeonethatnight.Atfirst,MayestestifiedthathesawthedefendantputtheshotgunintheJeepafewminutespriortothevictimsshootingatthedefendantshouse.Mayestestifiedthatthevictimsaidsomethingtothedefendantbeforethedefendantshothim,butMayescouldnotheartheconversation.Uponcrossexamination,MayestestifiedthattheshotgunwasalreadyintheJeepwhenhe,thedefendantandthedefendantsgirlfriendenteredtheJeep.Additionally,MayesconfirmedhistestimonyinapriorproceedingthatthedefendantkepttheshotguninhisJeepmostofthetime.Mayesdidnotseethevictimwithagun,butthedefendantsaidthevictimhadagun.nnnnnnnnMayesnnnnnnsnnviewintothevictimscarwaspartiallyblockedbythedefendantbecauseMayeswasinthebackseatoftheJeep.Aftershootingthevictim,thedefendantquicklydroveawayfromthescene.ThedefendantorhisgirlfriendthrewtheshotgunoutoftheJeep.Thedefendantdrovehimself,hisgirlfriendandMayesintoKentucky,buttheyreturnedacoupleofdayslater. Thedefendantpresentednoproof.Afterhearingthisevidence,thejuryfoundthedefendantguiltyoffirstdegreemurder.  :04  Thedefendantcontendstheevidenceisinsufficienttosupporthisconviction.WX0XX X0henanaccusedchallengesthesufficiencyoftheevidence,an @  appellatecourtsstandardofreviewiswhether,afterconsideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundthe  essentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,  443U.S.307,324,99S.Ct.2781,279192(1979);Statev.Duncan,698S.W.2d `  63,67(Tenn.1985);Tenn.R.App.P.13(e).Thisruleappliestofindingsofguiltbasedupondirectevidence,circumstantialevidence,oracombinationofdirectandcircumstantialevidence.Statev.Dykes,803S.W.2d250,253(Tenn.Crim.App. ` 1990).# X0XXX00#X0XX X0 @ # X0XXX04#X0XX X0 Indeterminingthesufficiencyoftheevidence,thiscourtshouldnot  reweighorreevaluatetheevidence.Statev.Matthews,805S.W.2d776,779  (Tenn.Crim.App.1990).Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835 %  (Tenn.1978).Normaythiscourtsubstituteitsinferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfromtheevidence.Liakasv.State,199Tenn.298,305,286S.W.2d @)" 856,859(1956);Farmerv.State,574S.W.2d49,51(Tenn.Crim.App.1978).On  +!$ thecontrary,thiscourtmustaffordtheStateofTennesseethestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidencecontainedintherecordaswellasallreasonableandlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.Cabbage,571S.W.2dat835. 0`'* # X0XXX0`4# Thestatutegoverningthisoffensedefinedfirstdegreemurderas anintentional,premeditatedanddeliberatekillingofanother.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913202(a)(1)nn(1990)(amended1995).nn Intentionalreferstoapersonwhoactsintentionallywithrespecttonn...nnaresultoftheconductwhenitisthepersons  :04 consciousobjectiveordesiretonn...nncausetheresult.Tenn.CodeAnn.3911106(a)(18)nnnn(1990)n(amended1995)n.nnnnnnThestatutorydefinitionofadeliberateactisoneperformedwithacoolpurpose,whileapremeditatedactoccursafterreflectionandjudgment.See   Tenn.CodeAnn.3913201(b)(1)(2)nn(1990)(amended1995).nnAdditionally,premeditationhasbeendescribedas apreviouslyformeddesignorintenttokill.Statev.West,844S.W.2d144,147(Tenn.1992)(citationsomitted).Oursupreme `  courtdistinguishedintentandpremeditationfromdeliberationbysaying evenifintent...andpremeditation...maybeformedinaninstant,deliberationrequiressomeperiodofreflection,duringwhichthemindisfreefromtheinfluenceofexcitement,orpassion.Statev.Brown,836S.W.2d530,540(Tenn.1992) @ (quotingClarkev.State,402S.W.2d863,868(Tenn.1966)).    InStatev.Brown,836S.W.2d530,543(Tenn.1992),oursupreme  courtnnstated,nnnn ThennlawinTennesseehaslongrecognizedthatoncethehomicidehasbeenestablished,itispresumedtobemurderintheseconddegree.Inthiscase,thestatemustprovetheelementsofintent,premeditationanddeliberationbeyondareasonabledoubtbeforeamurderiselevatedtomurderinthefirstdegree.Brown,836S.W.2dat543(citingBaileyv.State,479S.W.2d829,833 @)" (Tenn.Crim.App.1972)).Ajurymayinfertheelementsofpremeditationanddeliberationfromthecircumstancessurroundingthekilling.X0XX X0SeeStatev.Bland,# X0XXX0A#958 -#& S.W.2d651,660(Tenn.1997).However,theremustbesomeevidenceadducedattrialfromwhichthejurymayinferpremeditationanddeliberation.SeeStatev. 0`'* West,844S.W.2d144,148(Tenn.1992).Factsfromwhichajurycouldinfer 2@), premeditationanddeliberationareuseofadeadlyweaponuponanunarmedvictim,procurementofaweaponpriortothekilling,declarationsofanintenttokill,preparationsmadepriortothekillingforthemurderitselforconcealmentofthemurder,andtherelationshipbetweenthedefendantandthevictimfromwhicha  :04 motivemaybeinferred.Seeid.at45;Brown,836S.W.2dat54142(citations `  omitted). Thedefendantstheoryattrialwasthatheshotthevictiminselfdefense.Thejuryrejectedthedefendantstheorythatheactedinselfdefense.Afindingthatthedefendantdidnotactinselfdefensedoesnotequatetoafindingofpremeditationanddeliberation.SeeStatev.West,844S.W.2d144,148(Tenn. @  1992). Viewedinthelightmostfavorabletothestate,theevidenceshowsthevictimandthedefendantwereinvolvedinadrugdeal.Thevictimgavethedefendantoverfivehundreddollars,butneverreceivedanydrugsnorwashismoneyreturned.Thevictimnnattemptednumeroustimesnntocontactthedefendantoveratwodayperiodpriortohismurder.Atonepoint,thevictimandthedefendanttalked,buttherewasnotestimonyregardingwhatwassaidduringthisconversation.However,itisclearthatthedefendantknewthevictimwasattemptingtocontacthimduringthisperiodoftime.Neertestifiedthatthevictimfelt rippedoffbythedefendantwhenhehadnotreceiveddrugsorhismoney.Breeden,NeerandMayestestifiedregardingallthefirearmsinvolvedinthevariousmeetings.Neertestifiedthatduringtheencounterwiththedefendant,thereweretwogunsinthevictimscar.Mayestestifiedthatthedefendanthadashotgunacrosshislapwhenhewastalkingtothevictim.nnn 󛜛n Whenthedefendantapproachedthevictimscar,hefirstparkeddirectlyfacingthecarwithhisbrightlightsshiningonthevictimandNeerfortentonnnfifteennntwelvennnnnseconds.Thistimeintervalgavethedefendantadequatetimetodecidewhatactionhewantedtotakenext.HepulledhisJeepdoortodoorwiththe  :04 victimsnncarsothatheandthevictimwereincloseproximitynnandconversedwiththevictimwhileholdingashotgunacrosshislap.Withoutanyevidenceofprovocationorthreateningconductbythevictim,thedefendantshotthevictiminthefaceatnearpointblankrange. nnnFromtheevidenceintroducedatnnnrrinnntrial,annAnnnnnrationaljurycouldfindthatthedefendantintentionallyshotthevictimfromtheevidenceintroducedattrial.See @  West,844S.W.2dat148.Additionally,thesefactscreateaninferencethatthe   defendantreflecteduponthenncoursennofactionhewouldtakewithaclearhead.TherewasashotgunlayingacrossthedefendantslapwhenheplacedhisJeepdoortodoorwiththevictimscar.Obviously,thedefendantpreparedforaconfrontationwiththevictimduringthetentonnnfifteennntwelvennnnnsecondnnnnintervalwhentheJeepsbrightlightswereshiningonthevictimandNeer.ThedefendantsJeepwastallerthanthevictimscarwhichgavethedefendantatacticaladvantage.Fromhishigherviewpoint,thedefendantquicklyliftedhisshotgunandshotthevictimintheface.Accordingly,arationaljurycouldfindthedefendantformedadesigntokillanddeliberatelyshotthevictim.n񜛜n nnInanalyzingthesufficiencyoftheproofofdeliberationandpremeditation,wehaveexaminedanumberofTennesseecases,includingState -#& v.DonaldWallace,No.nnnnnn01C01nnnnnn9711CC00526(Tenn.nnnnCrimnnnn.App.,Nashville,Sept. .%( 30,nn1998)n(noapplicationforperm.nnnannnnAnnppnnnapp.nnnfnnnnFnnilennnfiled)n.nnnnInDonaldWallace,thiscourt 0`'* reversedWallacesfirstdegreemurderconvictionbecausethestatefailedtoestablishthatthekillingofthevictimwaspremeditated.Wallaceandthevictim,hisgirlfriend,appearedtobeenjoyinganamiablerelationshipwhentheywerewithfriendsearlierintheday;however,later,thedefendant,accompaniedbythevictim,erraticallydrovehisvehicleintoacommercialparkinglotand proceededtoslapthe  :04 victiminthefaceandthenshootherinthepresenceofnumerouswitnesses.DonaldWallace,slipop.at10.Thiscourtsaidthattheconductwas notindicative @  oftheexerciseofreflectionandjudgment.Id.Thecourtnotedthattherewasan    absenceofmotive[and]...planningactivity.Id.,slipop.at11.   Ontheotherhand,inthepresentcase,thestateofferedproofofmotiveandthatthedefendantplannedfortheshootingbyplacingtheshotgunacrosshislapbeforemaneuveringhisvehicletoapositionwhereheandthevictimwereincloseproximity.Significantly,thedefendantstoppedhisvehicleandshinedhisheadlightsontothevictimforseveralsecondsbeforepullingalongsidethevictimscar.Baseduponallthecircumstances,therecordrevealsevidencewhichsupportsthejurysinferencethattheelementsoffirstdegreemurderwerepresentbeyondareasonabledoubt. Baseduponthefactthatoneofthetwopistolswhichwerelayingonthefloorboardhumppriortotheshootingwasfoundinthefloorbeneaththevictimsbody,thedefendantarguesthatthevictimhadgrabbedtheweaponandthatthiscircumstancesupportshistheoryofselfdefense.Quitepossiblyitdoes,butthejuryhasdeclinedtoattachanysignificancetothisequivocalphysicalfactofthegunsdiscoveredposition,andnoonetestifiedthatthevictimreachedfororusedtheweapon.Aspointedoutabove,theappellatecourtmaynotreweighnorreevaluatetheevidence.Factualissuesareresolvedbythetrieroffact.Cabbage, 0`'* 571S.W.2dnnn832,nnatnnnnn835.Furthermore,wemaynotsubstituteanyinferencewhichwemaydrawnnnfromnnaboutnnnnnthefinalpositionofthepistolfortheinferencesdrawnbythejury.Farmer,574S.W.2dnnn49,nnatnnnnn51. `6-0 nnnnnnn  :04 nnn Basedupontheforegoingreasons,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.nn    h     ________________________________    h     JAMESCURWOODWITT,JR.,JUDGECONCUR:_______________________________JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,JUDGE_______________________________ALANE.GLENN,JUDGE