ÿWPC$ ëØÛ‰Ú”:®cÉm¯;Gkÿ6~žfÅýHÔl-î˜è—©[†~rU#ð?®i¬¬~ mS=bD¤wŠ¤Çµ¸ÆvOl}ð|˜úl/*£¼ |UÔ•øÄŽÌ vþ'V`ÚBÅçZqÍö¢â¡ýRŒŸþz†“-ÜT}0,%vÐ Áf÷ÌžÍ/X®]#…‚êœN¶¸ÊÎDY—œf30—ß&Žâ¦Æ”KÖÆ#Ýå—Uá²…+Ô4XÓ¢{ å:ÕpáL¡8®çÓOH±·U'údŠî¦A o?sË¥#UŠgž_¾Ç0 IÈ3žûg|ÊBÅ'M#N(z0kÕ'z.ùy¬±çf|‰‘„Mž’ ª­ýh˜Žå²|l*ƒxu’ÛùÉ£çÿåýŸÊ²‹L±ëhöYz?¶fÓ^¾£jÒºï›Íð‘”hD8ÕàšÈù]`±I.–J–úÂ@eËœÚ}¹ LƒRÀåªÊÇsu¬¤YõK=,.—6\ÑàTî!w ~ã‰t ÒiÙJTXS Õ³Ó!äoMq ÑÅpr'Ôø!w,Cæ}\êmœuñájWÈZÐOÅKfl(ø¦=­‚©°†´a°XˆšÏU¢Î>óø?GYP5b#Á\ % N# 0ˆqU%Nù^ GwS zWÒÑ4£·Æ mÈÆßÆ¥ÆkÆ1U @÷N7 19 0DÆE  72  1u> 72³ 0cå 0wH 0Š¿ 1I 72Ö 0  1¨ 725 1g 72ô&†<<ÂÂU>ÈÈÈÈÈb 0ë Bùù 0¤ D3º D-í 0K!! ASe!Ƹ! 0¤~" 0D"# A«f#˜HP LaserJet 4,ü,,,,,ü0» €BIVENS wittBivensFaheyMcMinn T.J.BenjieMcCardleParrisFerbyArnwineWilkersonJorgensonBurlisonDakinGennoepresentenceSheltonAshbyHoxieT.C.A. TBIMcKnight W]ev.TroutmanLetiviasGeise PeayScruggsBaughBarringerDickersonRickyveniress]election acceptablitityconclusory P]remeditationBeasleyCozzolinoYarbroDevilles]ince*underrepresentationAdkinsLorcin Rena unfavorability Evid DelkBeckner P.J.EidsonGulleyFulksMosheim I]nWillettY'allCarlyGudger it]s i]tireweighunwillingess DUIsRiverbendinforma(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÈ)â  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptq\;'ç 3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman 0ÖýCEMU]emu}AutoList1(a)(1)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(a)3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#à(b·¤$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à0¶ÙCEMU]emu}AutoList2(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(xir$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2#Ô(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à0÷ CEMU]emu}AutoList3(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) (a)0ÖÙCEMU]emu}AutoList4(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)"(1) Ñ ° Ñ Ð  ' ib304k90ib304k9 .    üÝ ƒRóé$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€X¡óX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡òÂ\ òXX¡óÔThe€first€four€criteria€are€found€in€òòGrayóó.€€A€fifth€category€in€òòGrayóó,€based€on€a€specific€number€of€prior€felonyÐ ° Ðconvictions,€may€enhance€the€sentence€range€but€is€no€longer€a€listed€criterion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115,Ð xÈ ÐSentencing€Commission€Comments.Ô‡)ò±h ò òòÂ\Ô<@ˆÐ9Z &Courier Regular- ù-(|G2óé$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€³Ô»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€X¡óX»»Ô d(|3'$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€³Ô»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3'$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€³Ô»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€³Ô»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼³Ô»»»ÔÑ8€¡óXXdð»»d8ÑÑ€$OYÑ€à@HHìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@””$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÐ È Ðà@AA!ìàMARCH€2000€SESSIONˆÐ à0 ÐÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔÌò òÔ#†¼³Ô»XX¡ó·#ÔÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€òòóóv.€RICHARD€LYNN€NORTONòòóóÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔó óÐ è8 ÐÓýÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌà@  ìàò ò€Direct€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Greene€CountyˆÐ ð @ Ðà@ã ã ìàNo.€97„CR„443€€€James€E.€Beckner,€Judge€ˆÐ à 0 ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<¯` A߈Ð °  ÐÌà@  ìàNo.€E1999„00878„CCA„R3„CD€„€Decided€ˆÐ ¯ÿ  Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€August€22,€2000ÌßA€V) °°` dE<Ž` AßÐ ß  Ðó óÌThe€defendant,€Richard€Lynn€Norton,€was€convicted€on€three€counts€of€the€sale€or€delivery€of€crackÐ ŽÞ  Ðcocaine€in€an€amount€exceeding€0.5€grams,€Class€B€felonies.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„Ð ~Î Ð417(a)(2)„(3),€(c)(1).€€The€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences€of€12€years€in€the€DepartmentÐ n¾ Ðof€Correction€on€each€count,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€36€years.€€Fines€totaled€$6,000.€€On€appeal,Ð ^® Ðthe€defendant€argues€that€the€convicting€evidence€was€insufficient€and€that€the€sentence€wasÐ Nž Ðexcessive.€€Because€the€evidence€is€sufficient,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.€€The€effective€sentence€isÐ >Ž Ðmodified€from€36€years€to€24€years.€€Ð .~ ЀÌò òà@ìàTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed€as€Modifiedó ó.ˆÐ ^ ÐÌòòGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.,€Ô#†¼³Ô»àX¡ó>#ÔÔ‡X¡óX.¼³ÔÔóódelivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€whichòò€Joseph€M.€Tiptonóó€and€òòJamesÐ î> ÐCurwood€Witt,€Jr.óóÔ#†¼³Ô»XX¡óu#ÔÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔ,€JJ.,€joined.Ð Þ. ÐÌGerald€L.€Gulley,€Jr.,€Knoxville,€Tennessee€(on€appeal),€Ô#†¼³Ô»XX¡ó3 #ÔÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔand€Gerald€T.€Eidson,€Rogersville,Ð ¾ ÐTennessee€(at€trial),€Ô#†¼³Ô»XX¡óÒ #ÔÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔfor€the€appellant,€Richard€Lynn€Norton.Ð ®þ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€Mark€A.€Fulks,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€andÐ Ž!Þ  ÐEric€D.€Christiansen,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ~"Î! ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼³Ô»XX¡óa #ÔÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔԈР^$®# ÐòòóóÔ#†¼³Ô»XX¡óè #ÔÔ‡X¡óX»¼³ÔÔà  àà ` àÌÔ#†¼³Ô»XX¡óF #ÔÔ€X¡óX»¼³ÔÔà  àThe€defendant's€convictions€stem€from€three€controlled€buys€arranged€by€the€Third€JudicialÐ >&Ž!% ÐDistrict€Drug€Task€Force.€€On€December€22,€1996,€a€confidential€informant,€Penny€Knight,€wasÐ .'~"& Ðpaged€by€the€defendant,€who€offered€to€sell€her€crack€cocaine.€€Ms.€Knight€arranged€to€€meet€theÐ (n#' Ðdefendant€and€his€co„defendant,€Robin€Willett€Key,€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€Food€CountryÐ )^$( ÐSupermarket€in€Mosheim,€Tennessee,€at€3:00€P.M.€on€the€following€day.€€Prior€to€the€meeting,Ð þ)N%) ÐGreene€County€Sheriff's€Deputy€Doug€Johnson€and€his€partner,€Tim€Ward,€wired€Ms.€Knight€forÐ î*>&* Ðsound€and€insured€that€she€had€no€illegal€drugs€either€in€her€possession€or€in€her€vehicle.€€TheÐ Þ+.'+ Ðofficers€gave€her€$300€in€cash€and,€while€parked€in€their€vehicle€across€the€street€from€theÐ Î,(, Ðtransaction,€monitored€the€exchange€via€the€wire.€€The€defendant€and€co„defendant€Key€wereÐ ¾-)-ý Ðtogether€when€they€arrived€at€the€Food€Country€parking€lot.€€Ms.€Key€was€driving€and€the€defendantÐ ° Ðwas€seated€in€the€passenger€seat.€€The€officers€observed€Ms.€Knight€approach€the€passenger€side€ofÐ  ð Ðthe€vehicle€in€which€the€defendant€was€riding,€make€conversation€with€the€occupants,€place€herÐ à Ðhands€inside€the€car,€and€then€leave.€€After€the€exchange,€Ms.€Knight€returned€to€the€officers€andÐ €Ð Ðprovided€them€with€one€gram€of€cocaine,€the€remainder€of€the€cash€they€had€given€her,€and€the€soundÐ pÀ Ðequipment.Ð ` ° ÐÌà  àBoth€an€audio€tape€and€a€transcript€of€the€December€23€transaction€were€introduced€at€theÐ @  Ðdefendant's€trial.€€They€established€the€following€conversation€to€have€taken€place:Ð 0 € ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:€à0  àDamn,€Lynn,€when€we€say€three€o'clock,€we€mean€three€o'clock.Ð` (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àI€know,€but€I€had€car€trouble.Ðð@ (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àDamn,€where'd€you€get€this€thing€at?ÐÐ (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àThis€is€mine.а(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àListen,€on€that€weight,€that€weight€was€a€little€bit€shy€last€time.€€MyÐ à Ðman€didn't€like€that.ЀÐ(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àWell,€it's€just,€it's€five€rocks.€€That's€what€I€get€for€that€much€money.€Ð `° ÐIt€ain't€no€big€old€rock.ÐP (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWell,€what€do€they€look€like€today?Ð0€(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àIt's€light€today.Ð`(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWell,€do€you€buy€it€like€that,€or€you€move€it?Ðð@(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àThey€weight€it.€€No,€I€don't€buy€it,€I€have€to€go€all€the€way€toÐ Ð  ÐKnoxville€to€get€it.ÐÀ!(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àOkay.€€Well,€at€least€you're€a€little€bit€straighter€than€you€was€lastÐ  #ð! Ðtime.Ð$à"(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àYeah.Ðp&À!$(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWhat€are€you€doing,€Miss€Rhonda?ÐP( #&(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àThat's€uh,€real€good€right€there,€that's€a€lot€better€than€that€last.Ð0*€%((#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àMessed€up?Ð,`'*(#(# Їà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àThat's€thatð!ð€that's€thatð!ð€Ð°(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWhat's€your€last€name?€€I€was€trying€to€think€of€what€it€was.Ðà(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àUnknown:€à0  àUh,€Willett.ÐpÀ(#(# Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWillett?€€Okay,€kept€saying€Cain.€€I€wasð!ð€I€was€trying€to€think€Cain.€Ð P   ÐCarly's€your€sister,€right?Ð@ (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àWillett€(Key):à0  àYeah,€yeah.Ð p (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àOkay.€€Well,€let's€go€take€this€and€deliver€it.ÐP (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àBetter€get€that€.€.€.€.Ðà0 (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àYeah.€€See€you.€€Gotta€go.€€Y'all€be€good.à0 (#(#àÐÀ (# (# ÐÌà  àEight€days€after€the€first€purchase,€the€defendant€and€Ms.€Key€met€Ms.€Knight€again€at€theÐ  ð Ðsame€parking€lot.€€This€time,€Ms.€Knight€purchased€1.4€grams€of€crack€cocaine.€€A€video€tape€andÐ à Ða€transcript€of€that€purchase€were€introduced€at€trial,€but€were€not€included€in€the€record.€€Ms.€KnightÐ €Ð Ðtestified€that€the€second€transaction€occurred€in€the€same€manner€as€the€first.€€She€stated€that€she€wasÐ pÀ Ðpaged€by€the€defendant,€who€offered€to€sell€her€crack€cocaine.€€She€was€wired€and€searched€beforeÐ `° Ðarriving€at€the€parking€lot€to€meet€the€defendant,€who€was€in€the€passenger€seat€of€a€car€driven€byÐ P  ÐMs.€Key.€€She€approached€the€defendant€and€then€exchanged€cash€for€the€crack€cocaine.€€At€trial,Ð @ ÐOfficers€Ward€and€Johnson€testified€that€they€observed€this€transaction€and€otherwise€confirmed€theÐ 0€ Ðsubstance€of€Ms.€Knight's€testimony.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€final€transaction€occurred€on€January€13,€1997,€at€the€same€location.€€At€this€purchase,Ð P ÐMs.€Knight€bought€0.6€grams€of€crack€cocaine€from€the€defendant€and€Ms.€Key.€€Their€conversationÐ ð@ Ðwas€as€follows:Ð à0 ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àHow€much?ÐÀ!(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  à.€.€.€.Р#ð!(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWell,€damn,€that€don't€look€like€it's€good.€€You€ain't€dipped€into€itÐ €%Ð # Ðhave€you?€€What€are€you€doing,€Robin?Ðp&À!$(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àWillett€(Key):à0  à.€.€.€.ÐP( #&(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àIs€it€any€good?Ð0*€%((#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àWillett€(Key):à0  àRichard€said€it€is,€so€it€must€be.Ð,`'*(#(# Ðà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àThat€ain'tð!ðain't€nothing€wrong€with€it.а(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àHuh?Ðà(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  à.€.€.€.ÐpÀ(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àWho€are€you€looking€for?ÐP  (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àI€always€look.Ð0 €(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àAlways?€€I€thought€you€was€supposed€to€call€me€early.Ð` (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àI€did.€€Seven€o'clock.Ðð@ (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àYou€didn't€call€me€at€no€seven€o'clock.ÐÐ (#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àEight€o'clock.€€Yeah,€I€did.€€And€it€kept€ringing.€€Wasn't€nobodyÐ ° Ðthere.Рð(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àI€must€have€been€on€the€other€line.ЀÐ(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àFigured€you€was€in€bed.Ð`°(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:€à0  àNo,€I€got€up.€€I€got€up€a€little€bit€after€.€.€.€.€€Those€others€wereð!ðtheÐ @ Ðrocks€were€bigger€than€these€are.Ð0€(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àI€know€it.Ð`(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight.€à0  àWell,€I€don't€mess€with€it.€€I€just€deliver.€€Well,€I€guess€I€better€go.€Ð ð@ ÐHuh?Ðà0(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àI€get€paranoid€.€.€.€.ÐÀ!(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àMs.€Knight:à0  àYeah,€but,€you€ain't€setting€me€up€here€are€you?€[Damn],€you'reÐ  #ð! Ðlooking€around.Ð$à"(#(# ÐÌà  àà ` àDefendant:à0  àWell,€I€got€to.€.€.€.€Ðp&À!$(#(# ÐÌà  àMs.€Knight€testified€that€she€purchased€a€total€of€3.0€grams€of€crack€cocaine€from€theÐ P( #& Ðdefendant.€€She€asserted€that€she€had€never€used€crack€cocaine,€but€acknowledged€that€she€was€Ð @)$' Ðconvicted€of€grand€larceny€in€1986.€€Ð 0*€%( ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€and€Ms.€Key€met€Ms.€Knight€at€a€bar€the€day€beforeÐ ,`'* Ðthe€first€transaction€and€that€they€later€smoked€crack€cocaine€together€at€a€friend's€residence.€€HeÐ ° Ðclaimed€that€Ms.€Knight€gave€Ms.€Key€$300€on€that€evening€to€purchase€more€crack€cocaine€andÐ  ð Ðthat,€in€return€for€her€efforts,€Ms.€Key€was€to€receive€some€of€what€she€would€acquire.€€TheÐ à Ðdefendant€contended€that€neither€he€nor€Ms.€Key€received€any€money€on€the€day€of€the€firstÐ €Ð Ðtransaction.€€He€also€claimed€that€Ms.€Knight€gave€Ms.€Key€some€of€the€crack€cocaine€for€personalÐ pÀ Ðuse.€€The€defendant€insisted€the€he€merely€rode€as€a€passenger€with€Ms.€Key€to€each€of€theÐ ` ° Ðtransactions€and€that€he€neither€sold€any€of€the€drugs€to€the€informant€nor€received€any€financialÐ P   Ðbenefit€from€the€sales.€€When€asked€about€the€content€of€the€audio€tapes,€the€defendant€stated€thatÐ @  Ðhe€did€not€recall€making€many€of€the€incriminating€statements€because€he€was€"shooting€coke."€Ð 0 € ÐÌà  àMs.€Key€also€testified€that€she€and€the€defendant€first€met€Ms.€Knight€at€a€bar€on€the€eveningÐ `  Ðbefore€their€first€meeting€at€the€Food€Country€parking€lot.€€She€stated€that€she,€Ms.€Knight,€and€theÐ P  Ðdefendant€traveled€together€to€a€friend's€residence€and€that€she€and€Ms.€Knight€smoked€crack€cocaineÐ ð@  Ðtogether.€€Ms.€Key€testified€that€Ms.€Knight€gave€her€$300€that€evening€for€the€purchase€ofÐ à0  Ðadditional€cocaine€and€that€she€attempted€to€procure€more€drugs€for€Ms.€Knight,€but€wasÐ Ð  Ðunsuccessful.€€When€she€returned,€Ms.€Knight€had€gone,€so€she€arranged€to€meet€with€her€on€theÐ À Ðfollowing€day€in€order€to€have€additional€time€to€find€the€drugs.€€Ms.€Key€claimed€that€she€receivedÐ ° Ðno€money€from€Ms.€Knight€at€the€first€meeting€at€the€Food€Country€parking€lot€and€that,€in€fact,€Ms.Ð  ð ÐKnight€gave€her€approximately€$50€worth€of€the€crack€cocaine€at€that€time.€€While€she€did€rememberÐ à Ðmeeting€with€Ms.€Knight€several€times€after€the€first€cocaine€sale,€Ms.€Key€recalled€no€specificsÐ €Ð Ðabout€the€other€two€transactions.€€She€did€acknowledge€that€she€had€pled€guilty€to€three€counts€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€sale€or€delivery€of€crack€cocaine€and€that€she€had€received€concurrent€sentences€of€ten€years€onÐ `° Ðeach€count.Ð P  ÐÌà  àThe€defense€also€presented€four€witnesses€to€controvert€Ms.€Knight's€testimony€that€she€hadÐ 0€ Ðnever€used€crack€cocaine.€€Ms.€Knight's€former€husband,€David€Davis,€testified€that€Ms.€Knight€usedÐ  p Ðcocaine€approximately€two€or€three€times€per€week€during€the€course€of€their€one„year€marriage€andÐ ` Ðthat€she€smoked€marijuana€daily.€€He€confirmed€that€she€had€a€prior€grand€larceny€conviction€andÐ P Ðdescribed€her€as€untrustworthy.€€Randy€Harris,€a€friend€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€he€had€smokedÐ ð@ Ðcrack€cocaine€with€Ms.€Knight,€the€defendant,€and€Ms.€Key,€and€that€he€had€observed€Ms.€KnightÐ à0 Ðgive€Ms.€Key€money€for€the€purchase€of€crack€cocaine.€€Anthony€Gudger€testified€that€he€hadÐ Ð  Ðobserved€Ms.€Knight€smoke€crack€cocaine€during€the€summer€of€1998.€€Bobby€Joe€Moore€claimedÐ À! Ðthat€he€had€previously€smoked€crack€cocaine€with€Ms.€Knight.Ð °"  Ѐ€€Ô‡XóXXX¡óÔà  àà ` àÔ#†X¡óXXXóü>#ÔÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔÐ  #ð! Ðà@ÍÍ*ìàIˆÐ $à" ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€€Specifically,€he€contends€that€noneÐ h&¸!$ Ðof€the€police€officers€witnessed€him€exchange€drugs€or€money€with€the€confidential€informant€andÐ T'¤"% Ðinsists€that,€"given€the€overwhelming€testimony€of€the€defense€witnesses€regarding€the€untruthfulnessÐ @(#& Ðof€the€confidential€informant's€testimony,€the€evidence€taken€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€StateÐ ,)|$' Ðpreponderates€in€favor€of€the€innocence€of€the€defendant."Ð *h%( ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€allÐ ð+@'* Ðreasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€836Ð ° Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€theÐ œì Ðreconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€evidence€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€ofÐ ˆØ Ðfact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€In€a€criminal€case,€a€convictionÐ tÄ Ðmay€be€set€aside€only€when€the€reviewing€court€finds€that€the€"evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÐ `° Ðfinding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€A€guiltyÐ L œ Ðverdict,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€state€and€resolvesÐ 8 ˆ Ðall€conflicts€in€testimony€in€favor€of€the€state's€theory.€€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.Ð $ t Ð1978).€€A€verdict€against€the€defendant€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€aÐ  ` Ðpresumption€of€guilt€upon€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àThe€offense€at€issue€is€defined€as€follows:Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  àà ` à(a)€It€is€an€offense€for€a€defendant€to€knowingly:Ьü Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àà  àà h àÐ ` x` x Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ „Ô  Ðà8  àà ` à(2)€Deliver€a€controlled€substance;€[or]€ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` à(3)€Sell€a€controlled€substanceÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àà  àà h àÐ ` x` x Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ  p ÐÌà8  àà ` à(c)€A€violation€of€subsection€(a)€with€respect€to:ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` à(1)€Cocaine€is€a€Class€B€felony€if€the€amount€involved€is€point€five€(.5)€gramsÐ Ð  Ðor€more€of€any€substance€containing€cocaine€and,€in€addition€thereto,€may€be€finedÐ ¼  Ðnot€more€than€one€hundred€thousand€dollars€($100,000)€.€.€.€.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(2)„(3),€(c)(1).Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àMs.€Knight€stated€that€the€defendant€telephoned€her€to€arrange€each€of€the€three€sales€aboutÐ X ¨ Ðwhich€she€testified.€€She€stated€that€she€dealt€directly€with€the€defendant€during€each€transaction,Ð D!” Ðgoing€to€the€passenger€side€of€the€vehicle,€which€was€occupied€by€the€defendant,€rather€than€to€theÐ 0"€  Ðdriver's€side,€which€was€occupied€by€Ms.€Key.€€The€investigating€officers€confirmed€that€Ms.€KnightÐ #l! Ðapproached€the€passenger€side€of€the€vehicle€during€each€transaction,€placing€her€hands€inside€theÐ $X" Ðvehicle€and€returning€with€the€illegal€drugs€and€without€the€money€that€they€had€provided€her.€€EachÐ ô$D # Ðtransaction€was€recorded€on€either€audio€or€video€tape€which€was€played€for€the€jury.€€The€transcriptsÐ à%0!$ Ðof€the€transaction€establish€that€Ms.€Knight€dealt€with€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€described€howÐ Ì&"% Ðhe€acquired€the€cocaine€and€vouched€for€its€quality.€€Ô#†X¡óXXXóV?#ÔÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔAt€one€point,€the€defendant€stated€that€"[i]t'sÐ ¸'#& Ðfive€rocks,€that's€what€I€get€for€that€much€money."€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àThe€jury€acted€within€its€prerogative€in€accrediting€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Knight€and€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðofficers€and€rejecting€the€defense€theory.€€This€court€may€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€Ms.€Knight'sÐ h+¸&* Ðcredibility.€€In€our€view,€the€evidence€was€sufficient.€Ð ° ÐÔ#†X¡óXXXó¬O#ÔÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔÌÔ#†X¡óXXXó¹Q#ÔÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔà@®®)ìàIIˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌ€à  àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€sentenced€him€to€the€maximumÐ `° Ðterm€of€12€years€on€each€count€and€erred€by€ordering€him€to€serve€each€sentence€consecutively.€Ô#†X¡óXXXóüQ#ÔÐ L œ ÐÌà  àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€theÐ ( x Ðduty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€byÐ  h Ðthe€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€uponÐ  X  Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ ø H  Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð è8  ÐJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€"If€the€trial€court€applies€inappropriate€factors€or€otherwiseÐ Ø(  Ðfails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls."€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854Ð È  ÐS.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€thatÐ ¸  Ðthe€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.Ð ¨ø  ÐÌà  àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€andÐ ˆØ Ðsentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€argumentsÐ xÈ Ðof€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€anyÐ h¸ Ðmitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€andÐ X¨ Ð(7)€the€defendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,Ð H˜ Є210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ð 8ˆ ÐÌà  àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€conviction,€the€presumptiveÐ h Ðsentence€is€the€minimum€in€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ X ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€may€set€theÐ øH Ðsentence€above€the€minimum,€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€€AÐ è8 Ðsentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relativeÐ Ø( Ðweight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð È Ð210(e).€€The€sentence€must€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€theÐ ¸  Ðmitigating€factors€present.€€òòId.óóÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔÐ ¨!ø ÐÌà  àÔ#†X¡óXXXó½]#ÔPrior€to€the€enactment€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€the€limitedÐ „#Ô! Ðclassifications€for€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€were€set€out€in€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2dÐ t$Ä" Ð391,€393€(Tenn.€1976).€€In€that€case€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€aggravating€circumstances€mustÐ d%´ # Ðbe€present€before€placement€in€any€one€of€the€classifications.€€Later,€in€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2dÐ T&¤!$ Ð227€(Tenn.€1987),€the€court€established€an€additional€category€for€those€defendants€convicted€of€twoÐ D'”"% Ðor€more€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€minors.€€There€were,€however,€additional€wordsÐ 4(„#& Ðof€caution:€€Ð $)t$' ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[C]onsecutive€sentences€should€not€routinely€be€imposed€.€.€.€and€.€.Ð +T&) Ð.€the€aggregate€maximum€of€consecutive€terms€must€be€reasonablyÐ ô+D'* Ðrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€involved.òòа` x` x ÐÌTayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€at€230.€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€adopted€the€cautionaryÐ à Ðlanguage.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115.€€The€1989€Act€is,€in€essence,€the€codification€of€theÐ €Ð Ðholdings€in€òòGrayóó€and€òòTayloróó;€consecutive€sentences€may€be€imposed€in€the€discretion€of€the€trialÐ pÀ Ðcourt€only€upon€a€determination€that€one€or€more€of€the€following€criteria׃'×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€exist:Ð ` ° ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€€The€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowinglyÐ @  Ðdevoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood;Ð0 €` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÐ `  Ðextensive;ÐP ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(3)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÐ à0  Ðdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€a€result€of€anÐ Ð  Ðinvestigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€the€defendant's€criminal€conductÐ À Ðhas€been€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsiveÐ ° Ðbehavior€with€heedless€indifference€to€consequences;Рð` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(4)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ €Ð Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committingÐ pÀ Ða€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high;€€€€à È à€€€€Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)€€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offensesÐ @ Ðinvolving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€theÐ 0€ Ðaggravating€circumstances€arising€from€the€relationship€between€theÐ  p Ðdefendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendant'sÐ ` Ðundetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€andÐ P Ðthe€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victimÐ ð@ Ðor€victims;Ðà0` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(6)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€onÐ À! Ðprobation;€or€Ð°" ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(7)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.Ð$à"` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).Ð p&À!$ ÐÌà  àThe€length€of€the€sentence,€when€consecutive€in€nature,€must€be€"justly€deserved€in€relationÐ P( #& ÐÑ$OY Ñâ $âѰ°Ñâ $âÑ  Ñto€the€seriousness€of€the€offense,"€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„102(1),€and€"no€greater€than€thatÐ ° Ðdeserved"€under€the€circumstances,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(2);€òòState€v.€Laneóó,€3€S.W.3d€456Ð  ð Ð(Tenn.€1999).€€Ð à ÐòòóóÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔÌà  àIf€the€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€this€court€may€notÐ l¼ Ðmodify€the€sentence€even€if€it€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2dÐ X ¨ Ð785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€The€presumption€of€correctness€is,€however,€"conditioned€upon€theÐ D ” Ðaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€sentencing€principles€and€relevantÐ 0 € Ðfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€The€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€theÐ  l Ðreasons€for€the€sentence.€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).Ð  X  ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€observed€as€follows:Ô#†X¡óXXXóRn#ÔÐ à0  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[I]n€imposing€sentence€for€a€Class€B€felony€the€presumptive€sentenceÐ ¼  Ðis€at€the€middle€of€the€range,€so€the€presumptive€sentence€is€ten€yearsÐ ¬ü  Ðin€each€count€.€.€.€.€€So€the€court€starts€in€this€case€with€theÐ œì  Ðpresumption€that€the€sentence€will€be€ten€years€in€each€count.ÐŒÜ` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues,€and€the€state€concedes,€that€this€statement€of€the€law€was€erroneous.€Ð l¼ ÐThe€proper€starting€point€for€determining€the€sentence€for€a€Class€B€felony€is€the€minimum€sentence,Ð \¬ Ðrather€than€the€mid„point€of€the€range€as€the€trial€court€stated.€€Here,€the€range€of€8€to€12€years€wasÐ Lœ Ðapplicable.€€The€error€requires€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€as€to€the€length€of€the€defendant's€sentenceòòóós.€€Ð <Œ ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€determined€that€three€enhancementÐ l Ðfactors€were€applicable:Ð  \ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ ì< Ðcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theÐ Ü, Ðappropriate€range;ÐÌ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€The€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offenseÐ ¬ ü Ðinvolving€two€(2)€or€more€criminal€actors;М!ì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(8)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingess€to€complyÐ |#Ì! Ðwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community.Ðl$¼"` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.Ð L&œ!$ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€age€37€and€married€at€the€time€of€his€trial,€attended€West€Greene€High€SchoolÐ ,(|#& Ðin€Mosheim€where€he€completed€the€tenth€grade.€€He€earned€his€GED€and€took€computer€andÐ )l$' Ðparalegal€courses€while€incarcerated€at€Riverbend.€€His€last€employment€was€as€a€saw€operator€inÐ  *\%( Ð1985.€€Ð ü*L&) ÐÐ ì+<'* Ðà  àThe€defendant's€criminal€record€is€lengthy,€including€prior€convictions€for€felony€evadingÐ ° Ðarrest,€multiple€resisting€arrests,€multiple€DUIs,€assault,€aggravated€assault,€possession€of€marijuana,Ð  ð Ðpossession€of€drug€paraphernalia,€escape,€concealing€stolen€property,€criminal€trespass,€disorderlyÐ à Ðconduct,€petit€larceny,€battery,€reckless€driving,€public€intoxication,€and€disturbing€the€peace.€€EightÐ €Ð Ðpages€of€the€Department€of€Correction€sentencing€report€were€devoted€to€the€defendant's€priorÐ pÀ Ðcriminal€record.€€That€enhancement€factor€has€great€weight.€€The€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ` ° Ððð€40„35„114(2)€was€also€proper.€€The€record€demonstrates€that€the€defendant€orchestrated€the€threeÐ P   Ðillegal€drug€sales.€€He€initiated€contact€with€the€drug€task€force's€informant€before€each€sale.€€TheÐ @  Ðdefendant€negotiated€the€price€of€the€cocaine€with€the€informant€and€assured€the€quality€of€theÐ 0 € Ðcocaine.€€Because€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€crime,€this€factor€applies.€€TheÐ  p  Ðrecord€also€supports€the€trial€court's€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8).€€The€defendantÐ `  Ðwas€on€parole€or€probation€when€convicted€of€several€of€the€offenses€listed€in€the€sentencing€report.€Ð P  Ѐ€€€€Ð ð@  Ðà  àThe€trial€court€did€not€find€the€presence€of€any€mitigating€factors.€€The€defendant€argues€thatÐ à0  Ðthe€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€apply€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1),€that€his€conduct€did€notÐ Ð  Ðcause€or€threaten€serious€bodily€injury.€€In€rejecting€that€mitigating€factor,€the€trial€court€stated€that€Ð À ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthe€sale€of€crack€cocaine€will€not€be€said€to€not€cause€or€threatenÐ  ð Ðserious€bodily€injury€because€it€does.€€We've€all€experienced€.€.€.Ð à Ðpeople€that€have€suffered€serious€bodily€injury€or€even€death€from€theÐ €Ð Ðuse€of€crack€cocaine.€€It€is€a€horribly€dangerous€drug€to€those€that€areÐ pÀ Ðaddicted€[to]€it.€€Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà  àThere€has€been€some€disagreement€over€the€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)Ð @ Ðto€drug€offenses.€€In€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€this€courtÐ 0€ Ðconcluded€that€the€inherent€nature€of€cocaine€is€not€sufficient€to€support€the€application€of€the€"highÐ  p Ðrisk€to€human€life"€enhancement€factor,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10),€where€the€GeneralÐ ` ÐAssembly€had€already€taken€the€nature€of€the€drug€into€account€when€classifying€it€as€a€ScheduleÐ P ÐII€controlled€substance.€€In€òòState€v.€Clyde€Davisóó,€No.€32€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€Jan.€23,Ð ð@ Ð1991),€a€panel€of€this€court€concluded€that€the€defendant,€who€was€arrested€with€two€packets€ofÐ à0 Ðcocaine€weighing€189.9€grams€while€operating€his€vehicle€in€Shelby€County,€did€not€threaten€severeÐ Ð  Ðbodily€injury.€€This€court€pointed€out€that€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€intent€to€sell€basedÐ À! Ðupon€the€amount€of€cocaine€and€noted€that€there€was€"absolutely€no€evidence€.€.€.€that€the€[defendant]Ð °"  Ðsold€cocaine€to€another€person€or€was€operating€his€motor€vehicle€under€the€influence€of€cocaine."€Ð  #ð! ÐòòId.óó;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Michael€Wayne€Henryóó,€No.€02C01„9611„CC„00382€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ $à" ÐJackson,€May€29,€1997)€(holding€that€the€mitigating€factor€is€applicable€unless€there€is€proof€that€theÐ €%Ð # Ðdefendant€is€a€major€dealer€or€is€involved€in€serious€drug€trafficking€or€the€conduct€relates€to€seriousÐ p&À!$ Ðbodily€injury).€€In€òòState€v.€Johnny€Ray€Chrismanóó,€No.€01C01„9211„CC„00361€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð `'°"% Ðat€Nashville,€Sept.€2,€1993),€this€court€applied€the€mitigating€factor€because€the€state€was€unable€toÐ P( #& Ðestablish€any€threat€of€serious€bodily€injury.€Ð @)$' ÐÌà  àHowever,€in€òòState€v.€Kenny€Cheathamóó,€No.€01C01„9506„CC„00196€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ  +p&) ÐNashville,€June€11,€1996),€this€court€held€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€by€refusing€to€apply€Tenn.Ð ,`'* ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€where€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€conspiracy€to€sell€or€deliverÐ ° Ðcocaine.€€In€òòJohnny€Arwood€v.€Stateóó,€No.€335€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€May€9,€1991),€a€saleÐ  ð Ðof€2.5€grams€of€cocaine€was€held€to€have€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.€€In€òòState€v.€Roger€D.Ð à ÐPulleyóó,€No.€01C01„9501„CC„00013€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Sept.€20,€1995),€the€trial€courtÐ €Ð Ðfound€the€mitigating€factor€not€applicable€because€of€the€large€amounts€of€a€dangerous€drug.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€sold€the€confidential€informant€1.0,€1.4,€and€0.6€grams€of€crackÐ P   Ðcocaine€for€a€total€amount€of€3.0€grams.€€Because€there€was€no€indication€that€the€sales€involved€aÐ @  Ðparticular€or€immediate€threat€of€serious€bodily€harm,€we€conclude€that€the€mitigating€factor,€evenÐ 0 € Ðif€given€little€weight,€should€have€been€applied€in€this€case.€€The€amount€of€drugs,€while€substantial,Ð  p  Ðwas€not€unusually€large,€especially€when€considered€by€the€amount€of€each€individual€sale,€ratherÐ `  Ðthan€in€the€aggregate.€€Moreover,€there€was€no€proof€in€the€record€that€the€defendant€was€a€majorÐ P  Ðdealer€involved€in€serious€drug€trafficking.€Ð ð@  ÐÌà  àGiven€our€conclusion€that€three€enhancement€factors€apply€and€our€determination€that€greatÐ Ð  Ðweight€should€be€placed€on€the€defendant's€lengthy€criminal€record,€it€is€our€view€that€the€maximumÐ À Ðsentence€of€12€years€is€appropriate€for€each€offense.€€While€one€mitigating€factor€should€have€beenÐ ° Ðapplied,€its€application€does€not€serve€to€diminish€the€severity€of€the€three€significant€enhancementÐ  ð Ðfactors.€€Thus,€we€affirm€the€maximum€sentence€of€12€years€for€each€conviction.Ð à ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ordering€him€to€serve€each€sentenceÐ pÀ Ðconsecutively.€€In€considering€consecutive€sentencing,€the€trial€court€declined€to€find€that€theÐ `° Ðdefendant€was€a€professional€criminal.€€The€trial€court€stated€as€follows:€Ð P  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAlthough€.€.€.€the€state's€proof€would€be€that€Mr.€Norton€was€makingÐ 0€ Ðincome€in€this€case€from€selling€drugs€and€that€he€was€unemployed,Ð  p Ðthe€state€has€not€come€forward€and€the€burden€is€on€the€state€to€doÐ ` Ðthat,€to€show€professional€criminal€activity,€more€than€just€the€factÐ P Ðthat€somebody€was€making€money€from€drugs€and€that€they€were€notÐ ð@ Ðemployed.€€The€state€has€a€burden€.€.€.€to€show€the€court€that€that€wasÐ à0 Ðthe€only€source€or€the€major€source€of€his€livelihood.€€€ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà  àInstead,€the€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences€based€upon€the€defendant's€extensiveÐ °"  Ðcriminal€record.€€In€doing€so,€the€trial€court€observed€as€follows:Ð  #ð! ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWithout€any€question€the€[defendant's]€record€is€extensive€.€.€.€.€€And,Ð €%Ð # Ðit€is€extensive€to€the€extent€that€when€you€couple€it€with€these€chargesÐ p&À!$ Ðthat€.€.€.€I€feel€this€court€is€in€the€position€that€the€only€decision€thatÐ `'°"% Ðcan€be€made€is€that€they€have€to€be€consecutive€under€that€category.€Ð P( #& ÐSo€the€effective€sentence€is€36€years.€€That€is€a€sentence€that€is€largerÐ @)$' Ðthan€often€imposed€in€cases€of€this€nature,€but€the€enhancementÐ 0*€%( Ðfactors,€without€question,€take€it€[to]€the€maximum€sentence.€€TheÐ  +p&) Ðextensiveness€of€the€sentence,€without€any€question,€demands€theÐ ,`'* Ðconsecutive€imposition€thereof.а` x` x ÐÌà  àAs€previously€stated,€the€record€indicates€that€the€defendant€was€arrested€after€a€thirdÐ à Ðcontrolled€buy.€€In€the€first€sale,€the€confidential€informant€purchased€1.0€grams€of€crack€cocaineÐ €Ð Ðfrom€the€defendant.€€In€the€second,€the€sale€involved€1.4€grams.€€In€the€third,€the€informant€purchasedÐ pÀ Ð0.6€grams,€for€a€total€of€3.0€grams.Ð ` ° ÐÌà  àThis€court€addressed€a€similar€issue€in€òòState€v.€John€Derrick€Martinóó,€No.€01C01„9502„CR„Ð @  Ð00043€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Dec.€19,€1995),€òòaff'd€and€remanded€on€other€groundsóó,€940Ð 0 € ÐS.W.2d€567€(Tenn.€1997);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Thorntonóó,€10€S.W.3d€229,€244€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€Ð  p  ÐIn€òòMartinóó,€the€defendant€was€arrested€after€four€sales€of€cocaine€to€undercover€agents€in€an€aggregateÐ `  Ðamount€of€13€ounces.€€He€was€convicted€at€trial€as€follows:Ð P  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCounts€One,€Two,€and€Three:€sale€of€cocaine,€ten€year€sentences€onÐ à0  Ðeach€count;ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCount€Four:€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell,€ten€yearÐ ° Ðsentence;Рð` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCount€Five:€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia,€six€month€sentence;ЀÐ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àCount€Six:€driving€on€a€suspended€license,€three€month€sentence.Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences€for€each€conviction€after€finding€that€MartinÐ @ Ðwas€a€professional€criminal€and€that€he€committed€the€offense€while€on€probation.€€The€panelÐ 0€ Ðconcluded€that€while€Martin€did€qualify€as€a€professional€criminal€and€did€in€fact€commit€theÐ  p Ðoffenses€while€on€probation,€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€was€inappropriate€because€"theÐ ` Ðseverity€of€the€crimes€could€vary€significantly€depending€upon€the€specific€number€of€buys€theÐ P Ðofficers€chose€to€conduct€and€the€amounts€purchased€in€each€buy."€€Furthermore,€the€panel€ruledÐ ð@ Ð"that€forty€years€for€the€drug€offenses€is€[not]€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€these€four€crimes."€Ð à0 ÐòòId.óó€at€9.€€Martin's€sentence€was€modified€so€that€"the€two€ten„year€sentences€on€similar€counts€oneÐ Ð  Ðand€two€will€run€concurrently€with€each€other€and€concurrently€with€all€of€the€other€counts€includingÐ À! Ðthe€two€misdemeanor€offenses."€€The€remaining€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively.€Ð °"  ÐThe€defendant's€original€sentence€of€forty€years€was€thereby€reduced€to€twenty€years€and€nineÐ  #ð! Ðmonths.Ð $à" ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€rationale€of€òòMartinóó,€the€imposition€of€three€consecutive€sentences€in€this€caseÐ p&À!$ Ðwas€excessive.€€Certainly,€the€police€could€have€arrested€the€defendant€after€the€first,€or,€at€least,€theÐ `'°"% Ðsecond€controlled€purchase.€€As€in€òòMartinóó,€the€imposition€of€three€consecutive€sentences€wouldÐ P( #& Ðpermit€investigating€officers€to€dictate€the€length€of€a€sentence€based€upon€the€number€of€controlledÐ @)$' Ðbuys€they€arranged€and€the€amounts€purchased.€€It€is€also€worth€noting€that€the€defendant'sÐ 0*€%( Ðaccomplice€received€an€effective€ten„year€sentence€for€the€same€offenses.€Ð  +p&) ÐÐ ,`'* Ðà  àThe€trial€court€acknowledged€that€the€effective€sentence€was€"larger€than€that€often€imposedÐ ° Ðin€cases€of€this€nature."€€Yet€it€concluded€that€a€36„year€term€was€required€due€to€the€enhancementÐ  ð Ðfactors€and€the€need€for€consecutive€sentencing.€€In€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€888€S.W.2d€786€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð à ÐApp.€1994),€this€court€authorized€trial€courts€to€consider€the€combination€of€sentence€enhancementÐ €Ð Ðand€consecutive€sentencing€as€a€means€of€achieving€the€principles€and€purposes€of€the€SentencingÐ pÀ ÐReform€Act€of€1989.€€òòId.óó€at€788.€€In€òòLaneóó,€our€supreme€court,€while€considering€the€appropriatenessÐ ` ° Ðof€a€consecutive€sentence,€confirmed€that€sentences€"must€be€'justly€deserved€in€relation€to€theÐ P   Ðseriousness€of€the€offense'€and€'should€be€no€greater€than€deserved€for€the€offense€committed.'"€3Ð @  ÐS.W.3d€at€460€(quoting€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102(1),€„103(2).€€The€record€here€does€notÐ 0 € Ðdemonstrate€that€the€trial€court€considered€these€sentencing€principles€in€determining€that€theÐ  p  Ðcircumstances€warranted€consecutive€sentences.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð `  Ð1991).€€Ð P  ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€a€more€appropriate€sentence,€and€one€which€is€more€closely€related€to€theÐ à0  Ðcontrolled€nature€of€the€crimes,€would€be€to€require€the€defendant€to€serve€two,€rather€than€all€three,Ð Ð  Ðof€his€sentences€consecutively,€thereby€reducing€the€defendant's€effective€sentence€from€36€years€toÐ À Ð24€years.€€This€sentence€takes€into€account€the€nature€of€the€offenses€and€the€defendant's€priorÐ ° Ðcriminal€background,€and€is€also€"justly€deserved€in€relation€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses,"Ð  ð ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(1),€and€is€"no€greater€than€that€deserved"€under€the€circumstances,€Ð à ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(2).€€€Ð €Ð ÐÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔà  àà ` àÔ#†X¡óXXXóR²#ÔÌÔ‡XóXXX¡óÔà  àAccordingly,€the€defendant's€convictions€are€affirmed€and€his€effective€sentence€is€modifiedÐ `° Ðfrom€36€years€to€24.€€€€Ð Lœ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` à€Ô#†X¡óXXXó­²#Ôà0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#à___________________________________ÐüL(#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE€Ð üL Ð