ÿWPC‹  GÚÁƒ§& ¸Ï|$I#£ì2’q.–&¶pÙ&p&XT€ ¿+Ð=‘åää ‹ë[¥?”B5•ï»)1†ÜÅ‹}ßËf=lð¹¾­¦»ñ:éÒscJ*Ä/çg+Îw²ë+ÞÒõ?kå‚…¾EëvUÕà¼ûh7ü5º~Ñ}©¡×­O÷æF¢¡³#ç0½Ø7ŒUH»¯Bd£9?=D"½È ýqýW{Æùbá¯óTˆ£$œŸ‚Ȩ2ƉÄßìôR©x©tP¸k•aî6ßaQ’Ò¨ Y"gέÙѺžãWÖkÆË¢'j¨ Unð¤¾gÔbI tÒ–î¬WèQ¼Lx+øRz·4&S“â©þÿŒÒ‹Âûõº°¸V]ëäXžÂ¦¤öÚ•…#¸%ñÔ”hÒÃ0¾y88’ =Ö—)½Y>}ÎüëgÖ€g˜!}/Ö¼ÌÕ¯¥äFÄ‘XQÒ@n`§<_ãNùaTܰy¸Ö~Ýb¹þ3 Lçûo7*Ϋ-C´yÿ,¹ÔCxü’HC¨½Àša O¼[·M_„:à=ÖñÖ‚ýŠóy”¶Ò@wŠ1¿Õ¦F ‚ÑŒê`+¿/‡¨bÖÝ326Ò!˜«¨AoMõ9‡ƒHpîa#!NU:o %© 0(¯ 0³×wŠ 4Ž ¢ U:± ë Nó õ ^ û  m 8 AQX Æ© 0Do 0D³ 0D÷ ÷ D3; Bn ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡(c(2 ª$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€&®%XXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó{Z='  Ú0Ú3|x„†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularH• ;' ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ .Ý ƒ[¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ºeXXÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X*óXºeÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€27,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAYÔó óÔ_ÔZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó````'ÿÿdxd dÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÔ_Ôßv€Y_@0,j:úÿ`  `€€@ÿE±` 8ttxPR°ð  vßÔ_ÔÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJUNE€1999€SESSIONÌÓ›ÓÌÌÌÌÌÓ'X‡X7p“X°œX'ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà 7 à)Ð ¬ ü  ÐÓ3X‡X7ÚÈ’XX‡X7p“X3Óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 à)à Ú àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9808„CC„00334Ð ’â  Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àà 7 à)à Ú àÐ xÈ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 à)à Ú àMontgomery€CountyÐ ^®  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 à)Ð D”  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 à)à Ú àHonorable€Robert€W.€Wedemeyer,€JudgeÐ *z  ÐCEDRON€ORGAIN,à h àà À àà 7 à)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 à)à Ú à(Coercion€of€a€Witness)Ð öF Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àà 7 à)Ð Ü, ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð &v ÐÌMICHAEL€R.€JONESà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÐ òB ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Ø( Ð110€Sixth€Avenue€West€€ÌSpringfield,€TN€€37172à h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àMARK€E.€DAVIDSONÐ ¤ô Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àJOHN€WESLEY€CARNEY,€JR.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àC.€DANIEL€BROLLIER,€JR.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú à204€Franklin€Street,€Suite€200Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà 7 àà Ú àClarksville,€TN€€37040„3420ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGEÌÐ  7P28 ÐÔ_ÔÓÓÓ  ÓÔ‡¼Õ»XXÔòòò òÑ8€ÙÂXXdædÈ8ÑO€P€I€N€I€O€NÐ ° Ðó óóóÔ#†XÙÂX»¼Õ#ÔÌÓùÓÓ  Óà ` àOn€April€27,€1998,€a€Montgomery€County€jury€convicted€the€defendant,€CedronÐ ”ä ÐOrgain,€of€one€count€of€coercion€of€a€witness.€€The€trial€court€imposed€an€effectiveÐ ` ° Ðsentence€of€four€years,€with€six€months€to€be€served€in€the€county€jail€and€the€remainderÐ , | Ðof€the€sentence€to€be€served€in€the€Community€Corrections€Program.€€The€defendant€timelyÐ ø H  Ðappealed,€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€Based€upon€our€review€of€thisÐ Ä  Ðmatter,€we€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trial€court.Ð à  ÐÓ  ÓÌò òFACTS€OF€THE€CASEó óòòÐ (x ÐóóÓ+Óà ` àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€selling€cocaine€to€a€confidential€informant.€€On€Ð ôD ÐAugust€15,€1997,€approximately€two€weeks€before€his€scheduled€trial€for€the€cocaine€sale,Ð À Ðthe€defendant€encountered€the€informant€at€an€Exxon€station€in€Clarksville.Ð ŒÜ ÐÌà ` àThe€confidential€informant€testified€that€he€went€to€the€Exxon€station,€which€wasÐ $t Ðlocated€next€to€his€place€of€employment,€and€that€as€he€walked€into€the€store,€he€saw€theÐ ð@ Ðdefendant€coming€toward€the€entrance€of€the€store.€€The€informant€went€into€the€store,Ð ¼!   Ðpurchased€a€drink,€and€then€left€the€store.€€He€testified€that€the€defendant€had€followed€himÐ ˆ#Ø" Ðinto€the€store€and€stayed€behind€him€while€he€completed€the€purchase.€€The€defendantÐ T%¤ $ Ðthen€followed€him€outside,€and€said€to€him,€ð ðWe€need€to€talk.ðð€€The€informant€asked€theÐ  'p"& Ðdefendant€to€leave,€but€the€defendant€refused.€€When€the€informant€threatened€to€call€theÐ ì(<$( Ðpolice,€the€defendant€said,€ð ðYou€are€the€police.€€Youððre€a€narc€.€.€.€ð ðIððd€just€as€soon€kill€you.ðð€Ð ¸*&* ÐThe€informant€then€banged€on€the€window€of€the€store€and€asked€the€clerk€to€call€theÐ „,Ô', Ðpolice.Ð P. ). ÐÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€the€confidential€informant€testified€that€the€defendant€neverÐ è18-2 Ðmentioned€the€upcoming€trial€or€told€the€informant€not€to€testify.€€Further,€the€defendantÐ ´3/4 Ðneither€struck€the€informant€nor€physically€threatened€him.€€The€informant€testified€he€hadÐ €5Ð06 Ðbeen€convicted€of€five€prior€felonies€and€then€began€working€for€the€police€as€an€informant.€Ð L7œ28 ÐÐ 9h4: Їà ` àThe€State€introduced€the€testimony€of€Kim€Chandler€from€the€preliminary€hearingÐ ° Ðin€General€Sessions€Court.€€Chandler€was€an€employee€of€the€Exxon€store€on€August€15,Ð |Ì Ð1997.€€Chandler€stated€she€knew€both€the€confidential€informant€and€the€defendant€asÐ H˜ Ðcustomers€of€the€store,€but€did€not€know€the€defendant€by€name.€€Chandler€heard€theÐ  d Ðconfidential€informant€banging€on€the€store€window€and€calling€for€the€police.€€She€walkedÐ à 0 Ðoutside€and€saw€the€two€arguing.€€When€the€defendant€tried€to€leave,€the€informant€stoodÐ ¬ ü  Ðbehind€his€car€and€told€him€not€to€leave.€€Chandler€stated€that€the€defendant€could€haveÐ xÈ  Ðbought€a€pack€of€cigarettes€while€in€the€store,€but€she€did€not€know€for€sure.Ð D”  ÐÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€lived€about€a€half€a€block€away€from€the€Exxon€store,Ð Ü, Ðwhich€he€went€to€often.€€On€August€15,€1997,€he€went€to€the€store€to€buy€cigarettes€andÐ ¨ø Ðstated€he€did€not€know€that€the€confidential€informant€was€in€the€store€when€he€purchasedÐ tÄ Ðthe€cigarettes.€€After€his€purchase,€the€defendant€walked€outside€the€store€toward€his€car,Ð @ Ðbut€then€walked€toward€the€pay€phone€because€his€pager€went€off.€€As€he€walked€towardÐ  \ Ðthe€pay€phone,€he€said€ð ðexcuse€meðð€to€the€informant€who€had€blocked€his€way€to€the€payÐ Ø( Ðphone.€€The€defendant€said€he€did€not€recognize€the€informant€until€he€began€yelling€andÐ ¤ô Ðcursing€at€the€defendant.€€The€informant€told€the€defendant€to€ð ðget€away€or€I€am€going€toÐ p!À  Ðcall€the€police.ðð€€The€defendant€responded€by€saying,€ð ðYou€are€the€policeðð€and€ð ðYouððre€aÐ <#Œ" Ðnarc.ðð€€He€stated€that€the€informant€made€motions€suggesting€he€wanted€the€defendant€toÐ %X $ Ðhit€him.€€After€arguing€with€the€informant,€the€defendant€walked€back€to€his€car€to€leave,€butÐ Ô&$"& Ðthe€informant€blocked€his€way€out€of€the€parking€lot.€€However,€the€defendant€backed€hisÐ  (ð#( Ðcar€out€of€the€lot€and€went€home.€€He€testified€that€at€no€time€did€he€threaten€the€informantÐ l*¼%* Ðor€mention€the€upcoming€trial.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÌà ` àSandy€Olds,€an€officer€with€the€drug€task€force€which€had€utilized€the€informant,Ð Ð/ +0 Ðtestified€in€rebuttal€for€the€State.€€Olds€stated€that€the€defendant€and€the€informant€wereÐ œ1ì,2 Ðin€court€at€the€same€time€for€one€of€the€defendantððs€earlier€appearances,€prior€to€the€trialÐ h3¸.4 Ðon€the€drug€charges€and,€for€a€time,€sat€side€by€side€in€the€courtroom.€€The€StateÐ 45„06 Ðintroduced€this€testimony€to€show€that€the€defendant€could€have€recognized€the€informantÐ 7P28 Ðand€known€where€he€worked€because€of€the€informantððs€distinctive€uniform.€€OldsððsÐ Ì84: Ðtestimony€rebutted€the€defendantððs€assertion€that€he€did€not€recognize€the€informant€untilÐ ° Ðhe€began€yelling€at€the€defendant.Ð |Ì ÐÌà ` àAfter€due€deliberation,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€coercion€of€a€witness.€Ð  d ÐThe€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€four€years.€€After€six€months€in€jail,€he€was€to€serve€theÐ à 0 Ðremainder€of€his€sentence€on€Community€Corrections.€€After€denial€of€his€post„trial€motions,Ð ¬ ü  Ðhe€timely€appealed.Ð xÈ  ÐÓ  ÓÌò òDISCUSSION€OF€LAWó óÐ ` ÐÓª'ÓÒXÒÓÓÌÒXó'ÒÓ(Óà ` àWhen€a€challenge€is€made€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€the€standard€forÐ Â Ðappellate€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ ŽÞ ÐState,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ Zª Ða€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560Ð &v Ð(1979).€€The€defendant's€burden€of€showing€insufficiency€is€heavy,€since€all€conflicts€inÐ òB Ðtestimony€are€resolved€in€favor€of€the€SÔ% € Ôtate,€and€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÐ ¾ Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€or€legitimate€inferences€that€mayÐ Š Ú Ðbe€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€979€S.W.2d€276,€287€(Tenn.€1998).Ð V"¦! ÐÌà ` àTo€support€a€conviction€for€coercion€of€a€witness,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„507Ð î%>!% Ðrequires€the€State€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€defendantÐ º' #' ÐÒXÒÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàby€means€of€coercion,€influences€or€attempts€toÐ †)Ö$) Ðinfluence€a€witness€or€prospective€witness€in€anÐ l*¼%* Ðofficial€proceeding€with€intent€to€influence€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðwitness€to:Ð8,ˆ',¸ ¸  ÐÌÓ? X„X/ ¦À7ÚÈ’XX‡X7ÚÈ’X?Óà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàà / à(1)à8¦¸ ¸ àTestify€falsely;Ð.T).¦2¦2 ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàà / à(2)à8¦¸ ¸ àWithhold€any€truthful€testimony,Ð Ð/ +0 Ðtruthful€information,€documentÐ ¶0,1 Ðor€thing;€€orМ1ì,2¦2¦2 ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` x` xàà / à(3)à8¦¸ ¸ àElude€legal€processÐ h3¸.4 Ðsummoning€the€witness€toÐ N4ž/5 Ðtestify€or€supply€evidence,€or€toÐ 45„06 Ðbe€absent€from€an€officialÐ 6j17 Ðproceeding€to€which€theÐ 7P28 Ðwitness€has€been€legallyÐ æ7639 Ðsummoned.ÐÌ84:¦2¦2 ÐÐ ²95; ÐÒX,ÒÓ,ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„507€(1991).€€Coercion€is€defined€as€a€threat,€howeverÐ ° Ðcommunicated,€to€commit€any€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(3)(A)€(1991).€Ð |Ì ÐAfter€a€review€of€the€record€and€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ H˜ ÐState,€we€find€the€State€established€all€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð  d ÐÌà ` àThe€confidential€informant€testified€that€the€defendant€followed€him€into€the€storeÐ ¬ ü  Ðand€then€confronted€him€outside€the€store.€€According€to€the€informant,€the€defendant€thenÐ xÈ  Ðsaid,€ð ðIððd€just€as€soon€kill€you.ðð€€Based€upon€this€testimony,€the€jury€could€find€that€theÐ D”  Ðdefendant€threatened€to€commit€an€offense€as€contemplated€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„Ð ` Ð506.€€Ð Ü, ÐÌà ` àIntent€to€influence€a€witness€may€be€inferred€from€the€actions€of€a€defendant.€€òòStateÐ tÄ Ðv.€Jonathan€Mooreóó,€No.€03C01„9602„CC„00057,€1997€WL€65729,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð @ ÐKnoxville,€Feb.€13,€1997).€€The€confidential€informant€had€bought€drugs€from€the€defendantÐ  \ Ðand€testified€against€him€at€a€preliminary€hearing.€€During€the€confrontation€at€the€ExxonÐ Ø( Ðstation€less€than€two€weeks€before€the€defendantððs€trial,€the€defendant€told€the€confidentialÐ ¤ô Ðinformant,€ð ðYou€are€a€narcðð€and€ð ðYou€are€the€police.ðð€€€The€defendant€then€said,€ð ðIððd€justÐ p!À  Ðas€soon€kill€you.ðð€€A€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€inferred€these€actions€were€intendedÐ <#Œ" Ðto€coerce€the€informant€not€to€testify€at€the€upcoming€trial.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà ` àBased€on€our€review,€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€support€theÐ  (ð#( Ðconviction€for€coercion€of€a€witness.€€For€this€reason,€we€affirm€the€decision€of€the€trialÐ l*¼%* Ðcourt.Ð 8,ˆ', ÐÓÓÔ‡ XÙÂXXXÙÂÔÌà ` àà ¸ àà / àà ¦ àà À àà 7 à________________________________________Ð ê.:*/ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà / àà ¦ àà À àà 7 àALAN€E.€€GLENN,€JUDGEÐ Ð/ +0 ÐÌÌCONCUR:Ð ‚2Ò-3 ÐÌÌÌ____________________________________Ð 6j17 ÐJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÐ 7P28 ÐÌÌÐ ²95; Ð____________________________________Ð ° ÐJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÔ#†XÙÂXX XÙÂ%9#Ô