ÿWPCÝ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µÝ4åùw@ 0JH 0T’ 0^æ 0hD 0r¬ 0| 0†š 0 1u° U,% 0dQ U,µ U>á U*B)IDCr Bµ AMÒv~0vÓ® D3 0@´ AOôÆC 0D  0DM D/‘ BÀ˜HP LaserJet 4 Plus/4M PlusHPPCL5EÌÌøøøøÌÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡o„pí: Ô@X3|xÉ ¿ÀDÁÂDÃÄDÅÆEÇUÈE2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌFebruary€1,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€"Ô›ßL€&'$;+'h|` ç `€€Lßà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLE€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€OCTOBER€SESSION,€1993ÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant,€à à€€€€€€€€€€€à à)à àNo.€01C01„9307„PB„00219€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€Ï)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Davidson€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà à)Ìv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€James€R.€Everett,€Jr.,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Dismissal€of€DUI€„€State€appeal)ÌJEFFERSON€PENNINGTONà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellee.à à€€€€€€€€€€€à à)ÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFor€the€Appellantóó:ÌÌCharles€R.€Ray€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Charles€W.€BursonÌ211€Third€Avenue€North€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Attorney€General€of€TennesseeÌNashville,€Tennessee€37219€€€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Eugene€J.€HoneaÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Assistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Nashville,€Tennessee€€37243„0493Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌóóAFFIRMEDÌÌÌC.€Creed€McGinley,ÌSpecial€JudgeÇÑ7€&yXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ7€&yXXdìXXdì7ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓ  Ó€€€€€òòOPINIONóó€€€€€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€defendant,€Jefferson€C.€Pennington,€was€charged€in€a€two€countÏindictment€with€the€offenses€of€driving€under€the€influence€and€driving€on€aÏsuspended€or€revoked€drivers€license.€€The€defendant€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€theÏindictment€on€grounds€of€double€jeopardy.€This€motion€was€sustained€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€The€State€of€Tennessee€has€appealed€this€dismissal€as€a€€matter€of€right.€€InÏthis€appeal,€the€state€€presents€a€singular€issue€for€review:€Whether€the€defendantððsÏbeing€held€in€jail€under€a€local€policy€for€twelve€(12)€hours€after€arrest,€prior€toÏbeing€allowed€to€post€bail,€would€support€a€dismissal€of€the€charges€against€him€onÏgrounds€of€double€jeopardy.€€We€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.Ìà àà àOn€August€13,€1991,€the€defendant€was€arrested€for€driving€under€theÏinfluence€of€an€intoxicant€and€for€driving€on€a€suspended€or€revoked€driverððsÏlicense€by€officers€from€the€Nashville„Davidson€County€Metropolitan€PoliceÏDepartment.€€At€the€time€of€his€arrest€the€defendant€refused€to€take€a€breath€alcoholÏtest.€€Because€the€defendant€refused€to€submit€to€a€breath€alcohol€test,€theÏcommitting€magistrate,€pursuant€to€a€policy€promulgated€by€the€general€sessionsÏjudges€of€Davidson€County,€placed€a€ð ðtwelve€hour€holdðð€on€the€defendant.€€TheÏdefendant€was€not€permitted€to€be€admitted€to€bail€based€upon€this€policy€and€wasÏcommitted€to€the€custody€of€the€Davidson€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€TheÏdefendant€was€finally€permitted€to€post€bail€and€be€released€to€the€custody€of€hisÏattorney€approximately€ten€and€one€half€(10ðð)€hours€after€arrest.€€Ìà àà àIt€was€stipulated€by€the€parties€at€the€hearing€on€the€defendantððsÏmotion€to€œdismiss›€€that€the€Davidson€County€night€commissioners€had€in€œeffect›€aÏpolicy€to€put€a€twelve€(12)€hour€hold€on€any€DUI€suspect€who€had€refused€to€take€aÏbreath€alcohol€test€before€that€person€could€be€admitted€to€bail.€€It€was€alsoÏstipulated€that€this€policy€was€to€keep€DUI€suspects€off€the€road€during€this€periodÏof€time.€€Other€proof€was€developed€during€the€hearing€that€led€to€the€trial€courtððsÏfindings€in€the€Order€of€Dismissal€dated€February€8,€1993.€€The€œcourt›€made€aÏspecific€finding€based€upon€evidence€presented€during€the€hearing€that€at€the€timeÏof€his€arrest€the€defendant€had€three€(3)€citizens€who€were€not€impaired€and€wereÏprepared€to€take€custody€of€the€defendant€upon€his€being€admitted€to€bail.€€The€trialÏcourt€granted€the€defendantððs€motion€to€dismiss€and€executed€two€(2)€Orders€ofÏDismissal.€One€œorder›€was€a€very€general€order€dismissing€the€indictment€€onÏgrounds€of€double€jeopardy,€signed€by€the€trial€judge€on€February€11,€1993.€€TheÏtrial€court€also€entered€an€Order€of€Dismissal€containing€specific€findings€of€fact€andÏconclusions€of€€law€prepared€by€the€defendantððs€attorney€and€executed€by€the€courtÏon€February€8,€1993.Ìà àà àThe€defendantððs€argument€is€that€the€twelve€(12)€hour€holding€periodÏqualified€as€punishment€for€the€offense€and€œthus›€would€prohibit€further€trial€andÏsentence€on€double€jeopardy€principles.€€The€defendant€relies€upon€a€line€of€casesÏwhich€stand€for€the€proposition€that€civil€forfeiture€proceedings,€if€punitive€ratherÏthan€remedial,€may€preclude€subsequent€criminal€prosecution.€€òòSeeóó€òòAustin€v.ÏUnited€Statesóó,€_____U.S.€______,€113€S.€Ct.€2801€(1993);€€òòUnited€States€v.ÍHalperóó,€490€U.S.€435€(1989).€€òòSeeóó€also€òòUnited€States€v.€Urseryóó,€(59€FED.3d€568Ï(6th€Circuit€1995).€€The€rationale€œis›€that€if€a€civil€forfeiture€provision€can€be€soÏpunitive€as€to€bar€subsequent€criminal€prosecution,€then€certainly€a€post€arrestÏholding€period,€if€punitive€in€nature,€should€bar€subsequent€criminal€prosecution€onÏthe€same€grounds.Ìà àà àThe€double€jeopardy€guarantees€of€the€œFifth›€œAmendment›€to€the€UnitedÏStates€Constitution€and€Art.€I,€ðð€10€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€protectÏindividuals€against€a€second€prosecution€for€the€same€offense€after€either€acquittalÏor€conviction.€€òòOhio€v.€Johnsonóó,€467€U.S.€493,€81€L.€Ed.€2d€425,€104€S.€Ct.€2536Ï(1984).€€Moreover,€the€safeguards€noted€also€protect€against€the€imposition€ofÏmultiple€punishments€for€the€same€offense.€€òòNorth€Carolina€v.€Pearceóó,€395€U.S.Ï711,€717,€23€L.€Ed.€2d€656,€89€S.€Ct.€2072€(1969);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€524€S.W.2dÏ913€(Tenn.€1975).Ìà àà àThe€œTennessee›€and€the€United€States€constitutional€provisionsÏagainst€double€jeopardy€protect€an€accused€from€œthe›€peril€of€both€a€secondÏœpunishment›€and€a€œÌÌsecond›€trial€for€the€same€œoffense.›€€òòWhitwell€v.€Stateóó,€520€S.W.2d€338,€341€(Tenn.Ï1975).Ìà àà àThis€Court€has€previously€been€presented€with€a€similar€issue€in€theÏcase€of€òòState€€of€Tennessee€v.€Richard€N.€Coolidgeóó,€NO.€01COl„9307„CR„00202,ÏDavidson€Co.,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€March€30,€1995,€at€Nashville).€€In€theÍòòCoolidgeóó€case€the€defendant€had€submitted€to€a€blood€alcohol€examination,Ïregistered€.18€and€pursuant€to€policy€had€been€held€six€(6)€hours€before€beingÏreleased€on€bail.€€In€òòCoolidgeóó€the€court€engaged€in€the€double€jeopardy€analysisÏbut€ultimately€refused€to€find€double€jeopardy€based€upon€insufficiency€of€recordÏand€presumptive€correctness€of€the€trial€court€ruling.€€€That€opinion€œis,€however,€›Ïinstructive€and€gives€some€guidance.€Ìà àà àThe€facts€before€this€court€are€even€more€compelling€in€that€theÏdefendant€was€denied€the€right€to€make€bail€for€the€charges€for€almost€twelve€(12)Ïhours,€€pursuant€to€a€blanket€policy,€with€no€individualized€determination€ofÏwhether€the€defendant€presented€a€danger€to€himself€or€others€or€withoutÏapplication€of€appropriate€bail€factors.€€Ìà àà àThe€determinative€question€œwould›€appear€to€be€whether€the€pretrialÏdetention€amounts€to€punishment.€€If€so,€a€subsequent€conviction€violates€doubleÏjeopardy€safeguards.€€But€if€the€detention€is€merely€remedial€in€nature,€a€convictionÏand€sentence€are€not€precluded.€€The€case€of€òòDoe€v.€Norrisóó,€751€S.W.2d€834Ï(Tenn.€1988),€provides€some€guidance€in€making€this€determination:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓœð ðIn›€determining€whether€the€confinement€involved€...Ïis€punishment€...€court[s]€must€decide€whether€theÏconfinement€is€imposed€for€the€purpose€ofÏpunishment€or€whether€it€is€an€incident€of€a€legitimateÏgovernmental€purpose.€€Where€...€no€showing€of€anÏexpress€intent€to€punish€is€made€...€œð ðthatÏdetermination€generally€will€turn›€on€ððwhether€anÏalternative€purpose€to€which€[the€restriction]€mayÏrationally€be€connected€is€assignable€for€it,€andÏwhether€it€appears€excessive€in€relation€to€theÏalternative€purpose€assigned.ðð€ððÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÌœ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€[Citations›€œomitted]€751€S.W.2d€at€839.›ÌÌÓÓAlthough€the€òòDoeóó€case€is€a€due€process€case€instead€of€double€jeopardy€certainlyÏthe€language€€is€instructive.Ìà àà àœGenerally,›€punishment€imposed€without€a€prior€adjudication€of€guilt€isÏð ðper€se€illegitimate.ðð€€òòShall€v.€Martinóó,€467€U.S.€253,€272€(1984).€€If€the€state€action€isÏremedial€and€not€intended€to€inflict€punishment€as€a€means€of€vindicating€publicÏjustice,€the€double€jeopardy€clause€serves€as€no€protection.€€òòState€v.€Conleyóó,€639ÏS.W.2d€435€(Tenn.€1982).Ìà àà àThe€initial€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€make€a€threshold€showing€ofÏdouble€jeopardy.€€òòUnited€States€v.€Sinitoóó,€723€F.2d€1250€(6th€Cir.€1983),€òòcertóóÏòòdeniedóó€469€U.S.€817€(1984);€òòalsoóó€òòUnited€States€v.€Jabaraóó,€644€F.2d€574€(6th€Cir.Ï1981);€òòseeóó€òòDowling€v.€United€Statesóó,€493€U.S.€342€(1990).€€In€other€words,€œthe›Ïdefendant€must€make€an€arguable€showing€that€his€pretrial€detention€qualified€asÏpunishment.€€That€would€depend€on€(1)€whether€the€detention€served€anÏalternative€purpose,€and€(2)€whether€that€detention€is€excessive€in€relation€to€theÏpurpose.€€œòòCoolidgeóó,›€òòsupra.óó€€The€state€argues€that€the€twelve€(12)€hour€hold€on€anyÏDUI€suspect€œwho›€has€refused€to€take€a€breath€alcohol€test€prior€to€admission€to€bailÏserves€an€alternative€or€remedial€purpose.€€The€purpose€is€ostensibly€to€keepÏintoxicated€people€off€the€road€during€a€period€of€time€sufficient€to€attain€sobriety€inÏorder€to€protect€the€general€public.€€Therefore,€the€state€insists€that€the€holdingÏperiod€is€for€remedial€purposes€and€would€not€qualify€as€punishment.€€In€this€caseÏthe€trial€court€found€that€there€were€three€(3)€citizens,€who€were€unimpaired€thatÍwere€ready,€willing€and€able€to€take€custody€of€the€defendant€when€admitted€to€bail.€ÏThe€œcourt›€further€found€that€the€defendant€was€punished€for€refusing€the€breathÏalcohol€test€and€that€there€was€no€legitimate€governmental€interest€to€be€vindicatedÏunder€the€facts€of€this€case.€€The€record€amply€supports€the€œcourtððs›€finding.€ÏCommon€sense€dictates€a€finding€that€the€defendant€was€in€fact€punished€by€the€Ïquestioned€policy€and€deprived€of€his€liberty€without€bail.Ìà àà àWe€therefore€find€under€the€particular€facts€of€this€case€that€theÏdefendantððs€post€arrest€detention€without€prior€adjudication€operated€as€aÏpunishment€for€the€charged€offenses€and€thus€violated€the€Double€JeopardyÏClause€of€the€Fifth€œÌÌAmendment›€to€the€United€States€Constitution,€as€well€as€Article€I,€Section€10,€of€theÏTennessee€State€Constitution.€€The€œorder›€of€the€trial€court€dismissing€the€indictmentÏon€grounds€of€double€jeopardy€is€therefore€accordingly€affirmed.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô€!Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€œÔ€"Ô€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï___________________________________›Ìà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€C.€CREED€MCGINLEY,€SpecialÏJudgeÌÌÌÌœCONCUR:Ì›ÌÌ________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌ________________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌ