ÿWPC …# VU>a %Ÿ 0í¥UB’ 4Ô è n­÷ ¤ w¬ ¼ 0J¼ 0T 0^Z 0h¸ 0r 0|’ 0† 0” 1u$U,™ 0dÅU,)U6U B‹U.¨U*ÖB)DC) D3l AMŸ€ì 0@lf¬v~vÓ AOcƲ 0Dx D/¼ Bë˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 <èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiŽUv 3|xH«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@<Ó€H2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New d< Œ 9p`(Courier< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd%%%%'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ vÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òMarch€25,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò \Ñ\R AØ'\ÑPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€##X„d&ÓÑ#€##Xd#ÑÔ€$ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€'Ô›œßL€+,);+'h|` Å `€€Lß›à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€OCTOBER€1995€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€œ03C01›„9502„CR„00047Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àCumberland€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Hon.€Leon€Burns,€Jr.,€Judge€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌRONNIE€DALE€PHILLIPS,€€€à à)à à€(Voluntary€Manslaughter)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌRandall€A.€Yorkà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌProctor€œUpchurch›à àà àà àà àà àandÌP.O.€Box€3349à àà àà àà àClinton€J.€MorganÌCrossville,€TN€38557à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€Ìà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€Parkwayà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€E.€GibsonÌà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àBen€œFann›Ìà àà àà àà àà àDavid€Patterson€Ìà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorneys€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà à206€East€Ashland€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àCrossville,€TN€38557ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€defendant,€Ronnie€Dale€Phillips,€appeals€from€a€jury€conviction€inÏthe€Criminal€Court€of€Cumberland€County€for€voluntary€manslaughter,€a€Class€CÏfelony.€€He€received€a€sentence€of€four€years€and€eight€months€as€a€Range€I,€standardÏoffender€to€be€served€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction€and€a€fine€of€fiveÏthousand€dollars.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right€he€contends€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€conviction€and€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessiveÏsentence.€€ÌÌà àThe€facts€of€this€case€surround€the€February€24,€1993€shooting€death€ofÏJohn€Leonard€Mullinax.€€Maxine€Dannel€testified€that€she€went€to€the€defendantððsÏhome€on€February€24th€at€around€8:00€p.m.€to€see€about€buying€a€dog.€€She€said€thatÏthe€defendant€and€John€Leonard€Mullinax€were€both€at€the€house€and€that€they€wereÏsitting€at€a€bar€in€the€kitchen€drinking€when€she€arrived.€€She€stated€that€it€wasÏapparent€that€the€two€men€were€drunk.€€She€said€that€she€stayed€about€an€hour€andÏsaw€no€indication€of€a€fight€either€in€the€appearance€of€the€house€or€the€condition€ofÏthe€defendant€and€victim.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€see€any€firearms€in€the€house.€ÏOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Dannel€said€that€she€was€also€pretty€drunk€that€night.€€SheÏsaid€that€she€had€heard€that€the€defendant€and€the€victim€were€best€friends.€€She€alsoÏsaid€that€when€she€left€at€about€9:00€p.m.€there€was€no€indication€of€any€troubleÏbetween€the€defendant€and€the€victim.ÌÌà àClaudine€Downs€testified€that€she€and€John€Hassler€went€to€theÏdefendantððs€house€on€February€24th€at€around€11:00€or€11:30€p.m.€€She€said€that€theÏdefendant€and€the€victim€were€sitting€at€the€kitchen€bar€drinking€and€seemed€fineÏwhen€she€arrived.€€She€said€that€both€of€the€men€were€really€drunk€but€that€there€wasÏno€sign€of€any€disturbance€or€argument.€€She€said€that€as€soon€as€she€arrived€sheÏasked€the€defendant€if€she€could€use€his€bathroom.€€She€stated€that€when€she€cameÏout€of€the€bathroom,€she€saw€the€victim€on€top€of€the€defendant€and€that€the€victim€wasÏthreatening€the€defendant.€€She€said€that€she€and€Mr.€Hassler€left€and€that€she€did€notÍthink€anything€would€happen€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim€because€theyÏwere€such€close€friends.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€see€any€firearms.€€On€cross„examination,€Ms.€Downs€admitted€that€she€had€never€seen€anyone€drunker€than€theÏtwo€men€that€night.€€She€also€stated€that€while€she€was€in€the€bathroom,€she€heardÏthe€victim€cursing.€€She€described€the€victim€as€several€inches€taller€and€quite€a€bitÏheavier€than€the€defendant.€€She€said€that€neither€the€defendant€nor€the€victim€hadÏany€bruises€and€that€they€were€not€fighting,€but€the€victim€just€had€the€defendantÏpinned€down.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€never€said€anything€to€the€victim.ÌÌà àJohn€Hassler€testified€that€he€and€Ms.€Downs€arrived€at€the€defendantððsÏhouse€sometime€after€10:00€p.m.€on€February€24th.€€He€said€that€while€Ms.€DownsÏwas€in€the€bathroom,€the€defendant€picked€up€several€car€mats€from€the€couch€andÏannounced€that€he€was€going€to€bed.€€He€said€that€the€victim€told€the€defendant€not€toÏgo€to€bed€because€they€were€going€to€drink€some€more.€€He€said€that€the€defendantÏwalked€over€to€the€victim€and€hugged€and€kissed€him€after€which€the€victim€andÏdefendant€wrestled€until€the€defendant€ended€up€back€on€the€couch€with€the€victimÏpinning€him€down.€€Mr.€Hassler€said€that€there€was€nothing€violent€in€their€actions€andÏthat€they€were€ð ðjust€two€drunks€.€.€.€wrestling€around.ðð€€He€said€that€there€was€noÏevidence€of€a€fight€when€he€and€Ms.€Downs€left.€€He€said€that€he€saw€no€injuries€onÏthe€defendant€or€the€victim€and€that€he€saw€no€firearms€at€the€house.€€On€cross„examination,€Mr.€Hassler€said€that€the€defendant€was€quiet€that€night€and€that€heÍwanted€to€go€to€bed€but€the€victim€wanted€to€drink.€€He€said€that€the€last€thing€he€sawÏwas€the€victim€on€top€of€the€defendant.€€He€also€stated€that€the€victim€was€about€fiveÏinches€taller€and€considerably€younger€than€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà àJoe€Thompson€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€lived€on€the€sameÏstreet€on€February€24th.€€He€said€that€the€defendantððs€home€was€about€two€hundredÏand€fifty€yards€from€his€home.€€He€also€stated€that€the€victim€was€his€uncle.€€He€saidÏthat€the€defendant€walked€to€his€home€around€11:45€p.m.€on€February€24th.€€HeÏdescribed€the€defendant€as€pretty€drunk€and€staggering.€€He€also€said€that€theÏdefendant€had€a€bloody€nose.€€Mr.€Thompson€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€heÏhad€shot€the€victim€and€that€he€thought€the€victim€was€dead.€€He€said€that€theÏdefendant€stayed€at€his€house€while€his€wife€called€an€ambulance€and€he€went€toÏcheck€on€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he€found€the€victim€lying€on€his€back€on€the€frontÏporch€with€his€feet€toward€the€door.€€He€recounted€that€he€checked€for€a€pulse€andÏfound€none.€€He€said€that€he€covered€the€victim€with€a€blanket€and€went€home€to€waitÏfor€the€ambulance.€€On€cross„examination,€Mr.€Thompson€admitted€that€he€saw€bloodÏrunning€from€the€defendantððs€nose€and€on€his€mouth.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€toldÏhim€to€call€the€police.€€He€said€that€when€he€went€inside€the€defendantððs€house,€heÏsaw€that€a€table€was€turned€over.€€He€denied€seeing€blood€all€over€the€house.€€HeÏalso€admitted€that€the€victim€and€the€defendant€were€good€friends.ÌÌà àDeputy€Bill€Derrick€of€the€Cumberland€County€Sheriffððs€DepartmentÏtestified€that€he€was€called€to€the€defendantððs€house€to€investigate€a€shooting€onÏFebruary€24th.€€He€remembered€that€he€was€dispatched€to€the€scene€at€11:49€p.m.€ÏHe€said€that€he€arrived€at€Mr.€Thompsonððs€home€first€where€he€asked€Mr.€ThompsonÏwhat€had€happened.€€Mr.€Thompson€told€him€that€the€defendant€had€shot€his€uncle.€ÏHe€testified€that€he€approached€the€defendant€who€was€very€upset€and€emotional€andÏappeared€to€have€been€in€an€altercation.€€He€stated€that€he€went€to€the€defendantððsÏhome€and€found€the€victim€on€the€front€porch.€€He€did€not€go€inside€the€house€until€twoÏother€officers€arrived€to€help€secure€the€scene.€€He€said€that€they€secured€the€houseÏand€made€sure€no€one€was€inside.€€He€said€that€as€he€came€out€of€the€house,€theÏemergency€medical€service€arrived€and€were€checking€the€body€and€the€defendantÏwas€walking€toward€the€house.ÌÌà àDeputy€Derrick€testified€that€he€decided€to€take€the€defendant€intoÏcustody€and€get€him€away€from€the€scene€before€there€was€any€trouble€with€theÏvictimððs€family€members.€€He€frisked€the€defendant€and€asked€the€defendant€if€he€hadÏa€gun€because€he€remembered€seeing€a€small€semi„automatic€pistol€on€the€floor€ofÏthe€house.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€told€him€he€did€not€have€a€pistol.€€He€statedÏthat€he€asked€the€defendant€where€the€gun€was€that€was€used€to€shoot€the€victim€andÏthat€the€defendant€told€him€it€was€inside€the€house.€€He€stated€that€he€asked€theÏdefendant€if€the€gun€was€the€.25€caliber€lying€on€the€floor€and€the€defendant€correctedÍhim€and€said€it€was€a€.22€caliber.€€He€said€that€he€took€the€defendant€straight€to€theÏjustice€center€without€any€medical€attention€because€the€defendant€did€not€ask€for€anyÏmedical€attention€and€his€injuries€were€minor.€€On€cross„examination,€Deputy€DerrickÏidentified€a€photograph€of€the€defendant€taken€at€the€jail€that€shows€some€injuries€toÏthe€defendantððs€nose€and€left€cheek.€€He€admitted€that€the€house€was€out€of€order€as€ifÏa€fight€had€occurred.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€cooperated€fully€with€theÏinvestigation.ÌÌà àInvestigator€Benton€Threet€of€the€Cumberland€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€testified€that€he€investigated€the€shooting.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€wasÏfound€on€the€front€porch€and€that€the€pistol€was€found€in€the€living€room.€€He€alsoÏstated€that€several€spots€of€blood€were€found€on€the€living€room€floor.€€InvestigatorÏThreet€identified€the€pistol€and€said€that€it€was€found€with€two€live€rounds€still€in€it.€€HeÏsaid€that€a€gun€case€was€found€on€the€living€room€couch.€€He€stated€that€three€spentÏcasings€were€found€„„€one€on€the€couch,€one€on€the€floor€in€front€of€the€couch€and€oneÏin€the€center€of€the€living€room€floor.€€He€identified€photographs€of€the€victim€thatÏshowed€a€gunshot€wound€to€the€victimððs€torso€and€another€to€his€hand.€€He€alsoÏidentified€a€photograph€showing€bruises€on€the€victimððs€face.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Investigator€Threet€testified€that€he€arrived€at€theÏscene€around€12:30€a.m.€€He€stated€that€there€was€blood€in€the€kitchen€and€on€theÍcouch.€€He€stated€that€the€blood€was€tested€and€was€found€not€to€be€the€victimððsÏblood.€€He€said€that€he€first€saw€the€defendant€at€the€justice€center€at€about€3:00€a.m.Ïand€that€he€could€smell€alcohol€on€the€defendant€indicating€that€the€defendant€hadÏbeen€drinking.€€He€said€that€the€defendantððs€nose€and€cheek€were€injured€slightly€andÏhe€appeared€to€have€been€hit.€€He€said€that€he€witnessed€the€defendantððs€interviewÏand,€although€video€and€tape€recording€equipment€was€available,€the€defendantððsÏstatement€was€written€down€by€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(TBI)€Agent€JimÏMoore.€€Investigator€Threet€could€not€recall€whether€the€defendant€had€told€theÏofficers€that€he€asked€the€victim€to€leave.€€He€could€not€recall€seeing€any€blood€on€theÏdefendant.€€He€admitted€that€the€defendant€said€that€he€tried€to€carry€the€victim€to€theÏcar€to€take€him€to€the€hospital,€thereby€explaining€how€the€victim€was€found€on€theÏfront€porch.€€He€also€stated€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€the€defendant€and€theÏvictim€had€fought€about€three€times€in€the€hour€leading€up€to€the€shooting.€€On€redirectÏexamination,€Investigator€Threet€testified€that€the€defendant€was€not€drunk€when€heÏgave€his€statement.€€ÌÌà àA€stipulation€of€proof€regarding€the€testimony€of€Dr.€Charles€Harlan,ÏChief€Medical€Examiner€for€the€State€of€Tennessee,€was€entered€into€evidence€thatÏthe€victim€had€a€.32€percent€blood€alcohol€level€and€that€a€blood€screen€showed€theÏpresence€of€Darvon,€a€drug€that€affects€the€central€nervous€system.€€The€stipulationÏalso€stated€that€the€victim€suffered€two€gunshot€wounds€„„€one€to€the€chest€and€one€toÍthe€left€hand€and€that€the€cause€of€death€was€the€chest€wound.€€Another€stipulation€ofÏproof€was€entered€regarding€the€testimony€of€TBI€Serologist€Dean€L.€Johnson€thatÑ€.ÑÇstated€that€the€blood€found€on€the€carpet€of€the€defendantððs€home€was€not€that€of€theÏvictim.ÌÌà àRobert€Royce,€a€forensic€scientist€with€the€TBI€Crime€Lab,€testified€thatÏhe€examined€the€pistol,€spent€casings€and€live€bullets€recovered€from€the€defendantððsÏhome.€€He€stated€that€the€pistol€is€equipped€with€a€safety€that€was€in€working€orderÏwhen€he€examined€it.€€He€stated€that€it€was€very€possible€that€the€bullets€recoveredÏfrom€the€victimððs€body€were€fired€from€the€gun€recovered€at€the€scene.ÌÌà àTBI€Investigator€Jim€Moore€testified€that€he€assists€local€law€enforcementÏin€the€investigation€of€felony€crimes€by€collecting€crime€scene€evidence€andÏinterviewing€witnesses.€€He€stated€that€he€found€three€spent€casings€at€the€scene€andÏdetermined€that€the€victim€had€suffered€two€gunshot€wounds.€€He€stated€that€he€neverÏfound€the€third€bullet.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€had€abrasions€under€both€eyes€andÏon€his€nose.€€He€said€that€the€victim€suffered€abrasions€and€cuts€to€his€forehead,€neck,Ïeyes,€ears€and€face.€€He€stated€that€he€compared€the€facial€wounds€of€both€men€andÏdetermined€that€the€victim€had€more€visible€wounds€than€the€defendant.ÌÌà àInvestigator€Moore€testified€that€he€interviewed€the€defendant€atÏapproximately€3:37€a.m.€on€February€œ25th›.€€The€defendantððs€statement€was€read€intoÏevidence.€€In€his€statement€to€Investigator€Moore,€the€defendant€said€that€he€and€theÍvictim€had€drunk€whiskey€and€beer€and€smoked€some€marijuana.€€The€defendant€saidÏthat€he€and€the€victim€fought€about€three€times€off€and€on€in€the€hour€preceding€theÏshooting.€€He€also€told€Investigator€Moore€that€the€victim€had€beaten€him€up€and€heÏwanted€the€victim€to€leave.€€The€defendant€told€Investigator€Moore€that€he€was€mad,€Ïgot€the€gun€from€a€desk€drawer€and€shot€the€victim.€€Investigator€Moore€stated€that€theÏstate€of€disarray€in€the€house€was€consistent€with€the€defendantððs€account€of€events.€ÏHe€also€stated€that€it€was€his€impression€that€the€fight€had€taken€place€in€the€livingÏroom.Ìà àÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Investigator€Moore€said€that€he€never€had€anÏopportunity€to€do€a€second€search€for€the€third€bullet€because€the€defendantððs€houseÏburned€shortly€after€his€arrest.€€He€testified€that€while€the€video€and€audio€tapingÏequipment€was€available,€he€did€not€use€it€for€the€defendantððs€statement€and€did€notÏfeel€that€a€videotape€is€a€better€investigative€tool€than€the€defendantððs€writtenÏstatement.€€He€explained€that€it€was€TBI€policy€not€to€use€video€and€audio€recordingsÏfor€confessions€and€witness€statements€because€they€require€extra€support€staff€toÏtranscribe.€€He€also€admitted€that€the€defendantððs€booking€photograph€was€takenÏeight€hours€after€the€fight€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim.€€He€admitted€that€heÏtestified€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€the€defendant€had€told€him€that€he€asked€theÏvictim€to€leave€but€the€victim€refused,€although€this€statement€is€not€included€in€theÏwritten€version€of€the€defendantððs€statement.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€moved€to€Nashville€while€awaiting€trialÏbecause€his€house€was€burned€while€he€was€in€jail€before€making€bail.€€He€stated€thatÏhe€is€forty„four€years€old,€about€five€feet€five€inches€tall€and€weighs€one€hundred€forty„five€pounds.€€He€reported€that€he€went€to€school€through€the€eighth€grade€and€couldÏread€but€was€unable€to€write€well.€€He€said€that€he€has€been€self„employed€as€aÏpainter€or€mechanic€for€most€of€his€life.€€He€said€that€he€had€known€the€victim€for€aboutÏfourteen€years.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€about€ten€years€younger,€taller€andÏweighed€more€than€he.€€He€described€his€relationship€with€the€victim€as€a€closeÏfriendship€and€said€that€they€would€usually€spend€time€together€three€or€four€times€aÏweek.€€He€said€that€they€often€drank€together€and€that,€before€the€victim's€death,€theÏdefendant€would€have€considered€himself€an€alcoholic.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€woke€up€around€7:00€a.m.€on€FebruaryÏ24,€1993.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€go€to€work€that€day€but€began€drinking€around€9:00Ïa.m.€€He€said€that€the€victim€came€by€early€in€the€day€and€they€sat€around€and€drankÏall€day.€€The€defendant€stated€that€he€could€not€remember€everything€that€happenedÏthat€day€because€he€drank€about€a€fifth€of€liquor.€€He€admitted€that€he€and€the€victimÏalso€smoked€marijuana€that€day.€€He€said€they€left€his€house€to€buy€some€beerÏsometime€in€the€afternoon€and€returned€to€continue€drinking.€€He€could€not€recall€Ms.ÍDowns€or€Mr.€Hassler€stopping€by€that€evening.€€He€did€recall€that€he€and€the€victimÏfought€but€had€no€idea€what€started€the€fight.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€all€he€could€recall€was€being€on€the€floorÏwith€the€victim€beating€him€up.€€He€said€that€the€victim€had€him€pinned€and€he€couldÏnot€fight€back.€€He€stated€that€he€"squirmed"€out€from€under€the€victim€and€was€sureÏthat€he€scratched€the€victim's€neck€in€the€process.€€He€said€that€they€fought€twice.€€HeÏsaid€that€he€told€the€victim€to€get€out€of€his€house€three€or€four€times.€€He€said€that€bothÏof€them€were€cursing€each€other€and€another€fight€began€where€he€once€again€endedÏup€pinned€to€the€floor.€€He€stated€that€when€he€was€able€to€get€up€he€went€to€theÏkitchen€and€got€his€pistol€from€the€desk.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€in€the€living€room,Ïabout€four€or€five€feet€away,€and€that€the€victim€kept€cursing€him.€€He€told€the€victim€toÏleave€and€the€victim€cursed€him.€€He€said€that€the€victim€started€to€strike€him€and€heÏshot€him.€€He€said€that€he€thought€he€had€only€fired€the€gun€once.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€the€victim€fell€to€the€floor€and€he€immediatelyÏpulled€the€victim€out€the€front€door€in€an€attempt€to€get€the€victim€to€the€car.€€UponÏrealizing€that€he€was€unable€to€lift€the€victim,€the€defendant€went€to€Mr.€Thompson'sÏhouse€and€told€him€to€call€the€police.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€shot€the€victimÏbecause€he€had€taken€all€the€beatings€he€could€stand€and€that€he€was€afraid.€€HeÏrecalled€talking€to€Investigator€Moore€but€admitted€that€he€was€"pretty€well€drunk."€€HeÍadded€that€he€was€terribly€upset€when€he€gave€the€statement.€€He€said€that€heÏsustained€injuries€to€his€nose,€lip€and€both€eyes€in€the€fights€with€the€victim.€€He€saidÏthat€he€felt€terrible€about€the€victim's€death€and€that€they€were€very€close€friends.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€was€confronted€with€his€statementÏthat€he€and€the€victim€fought€three€times€and€said€that€he€was€mistaken€and€that€theyÏonly€fought€twice.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€nothing€to€drink€in€the€four€hours€betweenÏthe€shooting€and€giving€the€statement.€€He€could€not€recall€talking€to€Deputy€Derrick.€ÏHe€said€that€he€and€the€victim€had€never€fought€before€and€that€he€had€no€ideaÏwhether€he€could€have€started€the€fight.€€He€also€acknowledged€that€the€bookingÏphotograph€showed€his€height€as€five€feet€six€inches€tall.€€He€said€that€they€smokedÏthree€or€four€joints€that€day.€€He€denied€hitting€the€victim€and€said€that€he€onlyÏscratched€at€the€victim's€face€in€his€efforts€to€get€away€from€the€victim.€€He€said€that€heÏdid€not€go€to€a€doctor€for€the€treatment€of€his€injuries€because€he€was€in€jail€and€didÏnot€ask€for€a€doctor.€€He€stated€that€he€was€in€jail€for€forty„five€days€before€making€bailÏand€that,€in€all€that€time,€he€never€asked€for€a€doctor.€€He€could€not€recall€any€furnitureÏbeing€turned€over.€€He€said€that€the€victim€did€not€try€to€stop€him€as€he€went€to€get€theÏgun.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€intended€to€go€to€the€kitchen€and€get€the€gun.€€He€saidÏthat€the€gun€was€on€the€desk€and€if€he€told€the€police€that€it€was€in€a€drawer€he€wasÏmistaken.€€When€confronted€with€his€statement€that€he€had€not€said€anything€to€theÏvictim€before€shooting€him,€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€lied€to€Investigator€MooreÍbecause€he€was€very€upset€and€just€wanted€to€finish€the€statement.€€He€admitted€thatÏhe€could€have€pulled€the€victim€back€inside€but€left€him€on€the€porch€in€the€cold.€€HeÏsaid€that€he€did€not€intend€to€shoot€the€victim€and€that€he€was€hoping€the€victim€wouldÏleave.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÇà@ àò òIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÏconviction€for€voluntary€manslaughter.€€He€argues€that€there€was€no€proof€that€heÏintentionally€or€knowingly€killed€the€victim.€€He€also€argues€that€the€proof€showed€thatÏhe€acted€in€self„defense€and€in€defense€of€his€home.Ìà àÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€theÏevidence,€but€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimonyÏand€drawn€all€reasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àVoluntary€manslaughter€is€the€unlawful€"intentional€or€knowing€killing€ofÏanother€in€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€aÏreasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„201(a),€„211(a).€€InÏorder€to€qualify€as€an€intentional€act,€one€must€act€ð ðwhen€it€is€the€personððs€consciousÏobjective€or€desire€to€engage€in€the€conduct€or€cause€the€result.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„302(a).€€A€knowing€act€requires€one€to€be€ð ðaware€of€the€nature€of€the€conductðð€andÏð ðaware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„302(b).€€A€rational€trier€of€fact€could€reasonably€conclude€that€the€defendantÏintentionally€or€knowingly€killed€the€victim.€€The€evidence€shows€that€the€defendantÏintentionally€got€his€pistol€from€the€kitchen€desk€and€fired€the€pistol€from€a€distance€ofÏfour€to€five€feet€when€the€victim€began€to€strike€him.ÌÌà àAs€for€the€unlawful€nature€of€the€killing,€the€defendant€also€argues€thatÏthe€evidence€is€insufficient€because€the€proof€showed€that€he€acted€in€self„defenseÏand€in€defense€of€his€home.€€The€state€has€the€burden€of€negating€any€defense€raisedÏby€supporting€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„201.€€However,€under€our€standard€ofÏreview,€we€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€evidence€inÏfavor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòSheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€at€547.€€The€defendant€was€indicted€forÏfirst€degree€murder,€but€the€jury€convicted€him€of€the€lesser€offense€of€voluntaryÏmanslaughter.€€In€this€respect,€the€evidence€justifies€the€jury€concluding€that€theÏvictimððs€attacks€on€the€defendant€were€adequate€provocation€to€his€actions,€but€thatÏthe€severity€of€the€defendantððs€response€went€beyond€that€necessary€to€defendÏhimself€or€his€home.€€We€hold€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€convict€the€defendantÏof€voluntary€manslaughter€and€that€the€state€sufficiently€overcame€the€defendantððsÏself„defense€and€claim€of€defense€of€his€home.ÌÌà@ àò òIIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessiveÏsentence€in€that€it€€"refused€to€utilize"€or€give€weight€to€certain€mitigating€factors.€ÏConvicted€of€voluntary€manslaughter,€a€Class€C€felony,€he€faced€a€range€ofÏpunishment€of€three€to€six€years€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender.€€The€trial€court€foundÏfor€enhancement€purposes€that€the€defendant€had€a€history€of€criminal€convictionsÏand€that€he€used€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€and€(9).€€Relative€to€mitigating€factors,€the€defendant€sought€for€the€trial€court€toÏapply€the€following€mitigating€factors€as€listed€in€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(2)€€the€defendant€acted€under€strong€provocation,ÌÌà8 à(3)€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€or€justify€theÏdefendant's€criminal€conduct,€though€failing€to€establish€aÏdefense,ÌÌà8 à(11)€the€defendant,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€committedÏthe€offense€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€isÏunlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivatedÏhis€conduct,ÌÌà8 à(13)€the€defendant€has€no€history€of€violent€offenses€andÏhe€remained€at€the€scene€and€voluntarily€admitted€that€heÏshot€the€victim.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓIn€this€appeal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€only€used€mitigating€factor€(3),Ïbut€should€have€used€all€of€the€above.€€We€disagree.€€ÌÌà àActually,€the€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€was€not€rejecting€theÏexistence€of€the€defendant's€claimed€mitigating€factors.€€Rather,€it€acknowledged€theÏexistence€of€the€facts€that€the€defendant€asserted,€but€viewed€them€not€to€have€anyÏsignificant€bearing€on€sentencing.€€That€is,€it€commented€that€mitigating€factors€(2)€andÏ(11)€would€overlap€somewhat€and€that€the€defendant's€lack€of€violent€criminal€historyÏand€assistance€to€the€authorities€were€insignificant€given€the€circumstances€of€theÏcase.€€ÌÌà àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)Ïand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theÏburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisÏmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€follows€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€makes€findingsÏof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record€and€gives€due€consideration€andÏproper€application€of€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€underÏthe€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€resultÏwere€preferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÏHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€court's€actionÏis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòStateÏv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,€ifÏany,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutoryÏenhancement€factors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalfÏand€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€andÌ„210;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986).ÌÌà àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€(c).€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÏbased€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€the€sentence€asÏappropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€and€(e).€€The€weight€toÏbe€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€so€long€as€it€compliesÏwith€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€areÏadequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€For€theÏpurpose€of€review,€the€trial€court€must€preserve€in€the€record€the€factors€it€found€toÏapply€and€the€specific€findings€of€fact€upon€which€it€applied€the€sentencing€principlesÏto€arrive€at€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„210(f)€and€„209(c).ÌÌà àIn€this€respect,€the€trial€court's€giving€little€or€no€€weight€to€variousÏmitigating€factors€raised€by€the€defendant€is€an€act€of€discretion€that€will€not€beÏoverturned€on€appeal€so€long€as€there€is€material€or€substantial€evidence€in€theÏrecord€to€support€it.€€As€we€previously€stated,€the€trial€court€acknowledged€theÏexistence€of€the€circumstances€that€the€defendant€sought€to€use€as€mitigation.€ÏHowever,€it€effectively€gave€them€nominal€additional€weight€in€determining€anÏappropriate€sentence.€€ÌÌà àAt€this€point,€we€should€note€that€whether€we€deem€all€of€the€defendant'sÏclaimed€mitigating€factors€to€apply€or€only€one€to€apply,€the€sentencing€would€notÏnecessarily€change.€€The€mere€number€of€existing€factors€has€little€relevance€„„€theÏimportant€consideration€being€the€weight€to€be€given€each€factor€in€light€of€itsÏrelevance€to€the€defendant's€personal€circumstances€and€background€and€theÏcircumstances€surrounding€the€criminal€conduct.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.góó.,€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899ÏS.W.2d€175,€186€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€In€this€fashion,€underÏthe€circumstances€in€this€case,€we€believe€that€the€evidence€adequately€supports€theÏtrial€court's€sentencing€determinations.€€ÌÌà àWe€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€not€overcome€the€presumption€ofÏcorrectness€that€accompanies€the€trial€court's€sentencing€decision.€€The€judgment€ofÏconviction€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€JudgeÌ›