ÿWPCë 2# Ì %× 0(Ýw@4EYhU:pU:ª 0lä 0DP D3” 0JÇ 0T 0^e 0hà 0r+ 0| 0† 0Ÿ 1u/ 0d¤ U* B)2 DC[ AMž ë fî BT AOq ÆÀ 0D† 0@Ê 0D v~N D/Ì BûvÓ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0  X($¡¡ Ü-eÝUÞ‹ßeàáâDãDäåÓ€obF"3|xå, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularÂ"Arial Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(((('ÿÿdxd2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd*,$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ùÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òMarch€19,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ d*,-/Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h00'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ ¦˜ XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ќـ*ÙßR€%&$A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€JACKSON€ÌAUGUST€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNO.€02C01„9511„CR„00345€à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JOSEPH€B.€DAILEY,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌDONALD€PHILLIPSà àà àà à)à à(Robbery)Ìà àa.k.a.€DONALD€ROSSà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)Ìà à€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóóÌÌA.C.€Wharton,€Jr.à àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Ste.€201à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMemphis,€Tennessee€38103„1947à àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌWalker€Gwinnà àà àà àà àà àClinton€J.ÏMorganà àà àà àAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistantÏAttorney€GeneralÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Ste.€201à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMemphis,€Tennessee€38103„1947à àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌWilliam€Mooreà àà àà àà àà àJ.€Robert€Carter,€Jr.ÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Ste.€201à àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€3rd€FloorÌMemphis,€Tennessee€38103„1947à àà àMemphis,€Tennessee€38103„1947ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÑ€'ÑÇòòÓÓÓ  ÓOpinionóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant,€Donald€Phillips,€appeals€as€of€right€his€Shelby€CountyÏconviction€of€robbery.€€He€was€sentenced€to€seven€years€imprisonment.€€He€arguesÏon€appeal€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€for€the€jury€to€find€himÏguilty€of€robbery.€€After€a€careful€review€of€the€record€on€appeal€we€find€that€there€isÏno€merit€to€the€Appellantððs€claim€and,€therefore,€affirm€his€conviction€and€sentence.Ìà àOn€March€22,€1994,€around€noon,€Ms.€Theresa€Hatt€was€eating€lunch€in€herÏblue€Nissan€pick„up€truck€in€the€Eastgate€Shopping€Center€parking€lot.€€A€manÏapproached€the€truck,€brandished€a€small€gun,€and€told€her€to€get€out€of€the€truck.€ÏMs.€Hatt€complied€with€the€manððs€request€and€he€got€into€the€truck€and€drove€away.€ÏFrom€some€distance€Ms.€Lori€Parish€witnessed€Ms.€Hatt€step€out€from€her€truck€and€aÏman€get€into€it,€but€she€did€not€realize€that€something€was€wrong€until€a€few€secondsÏlater€when€Ms.€Hatt€yelled€out.€€The€man€drove€the€truck€in€Ms.€Parishððs€direction€untilÏhe€was€approximately€twenty€or€thirty€feet€from€her€and€then€suddenly€turned€away.€€Ìà àThree€days€œlater,›€on€March€25,€a€Memphis€police€officer€discovered€SelinaÏTaylor€driving€a€blue€Nissan€pick„up€truck€into€a€hotel€parking€lot.€€The€truck€wasÏregistered€to€a€room€occupied€by€the€Appellant€and€Taylor.€€While€the€police€officerÏquestioned€the€Appellant€and€Taylor,€Melvin€Bradshaw€telephoned€from€a€nearbyÏfilling€station,€and€the€Appellant€implicated€Bradshaw€as€the€person€responsible€forÍstealing€the€truck.€€The€Appellant,€Taylor€and€Melvin€Bradshaw€were€all€arrested€inÏconnection€with€the€stolen€truck,€but€only€the€Appellant€was€indicted.€€Ìà àAt€trial,€Bradshaw€testified€that€he€had€seen€the€Appellant€drive€the€truck€on€atÏleast€one€occasion€and€that€Taylor€had€told€him€that€the€Appellant€had€somehowÏgotten€hold€of€the€truck.€€Taylor€testified€that€she€had€first€seen€the€truck€a€few€daysÏbefore€their€arrest.€€It€had€been€morning€and€she€was€with€the€Appellant€when€hisÏCadillac€broke€down.€€While€the€Appellant€went€to€get€some€assistance,€TaylorÏremained€with€the€car,€and€a€few€hours€later€the€Appellant€showed€up€with€the€blueÏNissan€truck.€€According€to€Taylor,€the€Appellant€told€her€that€he€had€stolen€the€truckÏfrom€a€woman€by€holding€her€at€gun€point.€€Both€Ms.€Hatt€and€Ms.€Parish€testified€thatÏthey€were€fairly€sure€that€the€Appellant€was€the€robber,€but€neither€one€of€them€couldÏidentify€him€with€any€certainty.Ìà àOn€appeal€the€Appellant€contends€that€his€conviction€was€improperly€basedÏupon€on€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice,€Taylor.€€In€Tennessee€aÏdefendant€cannot€be€convicted€solely€on€uncorroborated€accomplice€testimony.€ÏòòSherrill€v.€Stateóó,€321€S.W.2d€811,814€(Tenn.€1959);€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546,Ï552€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€An€accomplice€is€ð ða€person€who€knowingly,€voluntarily,Ïand€with€common€intent€with€the€principal€offender,€unites€in€the€commission€of€aÏcrime.ðð€€òòClapp€v.€Stateóó,€30€S.W.2d€214,€216€(Tenn€1895);€òòState€v.€Lawsonóó,€794ÏS.W.2d€363,€369€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Accomplice€testimony€will€be€consideredÍcorroborated€if€ð ðthere€is€some€other€evidence€fairly€tending€to€connect€the€defendantÏwith€the€commission€of€the€crime.ðð€€òòMarshall€v.€Stateóó,€497€S.W.2d€761,€765„66€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1973);€òòseeóó€òòClappóó,€30€S.W.2d€at€216.€€This€other€evidence€ð ðmust€be€someÏfact€testified€to,€entirely€independent€of€the€accompliceððs€testimony,€which,€taken€byÏitself,€leads€to€the€inference€.€.€.€that€the€defendant€is€implicated€in€[the€commission€ofÏa€crime]€.€.€.€.€€This€corroborative€evidence€may€be€.€.€.€entirely€circumstantial,€and€itÏneed€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòHawkins€v.€Stateóó,Ï469€S.W.2d€515€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1971)€quoted€in€òòGayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€at€552.€€€Ìà àWe€do€not€believe€that€Taylor€was€the€Appellantððs€accomplice€when€he€robbedÏMs.€Hatt,€and€Taylorððs€testimony,€therefore,€does€not€require€corroboration.€€TheÏevidence€presented€at€trial€showed€that€Taylor€was€with€the€Appellant€on€the€morningÏof€March€22€when€his€Cadillac€broke€down.€€Taylor,€however,€remained€in€theÏCadillac€while€the€Appellant€went€to€get€help€with€his€car€and€there€is€no€evidenceÏindicating€that€she€intended,€or€even€knew,€that€he€was€going€to€steal€a€truck€at€gunÏpoint.€€The€robbery€was€also€committed€by€one€person€and€no€evidence€has€placedÏTaylor€anywhere€near€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€Moreover,€even€if€Taylor€were€found€toÏbe€an€accomplice,€her€testimony€was€corroborated€by€that€œof›€Ms.€Hatt,€Ms.€Parish,Ïand€Bradshaw.Ìà àHaving€established€that€Taylorððs€testimony€did€not€need€corroboration,€we€willÏnow€consider€whether€the€convicting€evidence€was€sufficient.€€When€an€accusedÍchallenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€inÏthe€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€in€determining€whether€ð ðòòanyóó€rational€trierÏof€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.€560€(1979).€ÏQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€toÏthe€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€theÏtrier€of€fact,€not€œthis›€court.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€AÏguilty€verdict€rendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€theÏpresumption€of€innocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).Ìà àWe€find€that€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€Appellant€guilty€ofÏrobbery.€€Selina€Taylor€testified€that€the€Appellant€had€told€her€that€he€had€obtainedÏthe€blue€Nissan€truck€by€holding€a€woman€at€gun€point€and€that€both€she€and€theÏAppellant€had€driven€the€truck.€€Bradshaw€also€testified€that€he€had€seen€theÏAppellant€driving€the€truck€on€at€least€one€occasion.€€Ms.€Hatt€testified€that€althoughÏshe€was€not€entirely€certain€that€the€Appellant€was€the€man€who€committed€theÏrobbery,€she€was€fairly€certain€that€the€robber€and€the€Appellant€looked€the€same.€ÏFinally,€the€victim,€Ms.€Hatt€testified€that€she€thought€that€the€Appellant€and€the€robberÏwere€of€the€same€œbuild›€and€color.€€The€jury€chose€to€credit€the€testimony€of€theÍwitnesses€and€the€circumstantial€evidence€presented€at€trial€and€found€that€theÏevidence€was€sufficient€to€convict€the€Appellant€of€robbery.€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€also€contends€that€the€juryððs€finding€that€the€Appellant€wasÏguilty€of€robbery€instead€of€aggravated€robbery€is€an€indication€that€the€jurors€couldÏnot€agree€whether€to€convict€him€of€aggravated€robbery€or€whether€to€acquit€him€andÏthat€they,€therefore,€found€him€guilty€of€robbery€as€a€compromise.€€The€AppellantÏargues€that€he€was€either€guilty€of€aggravated€robbery€or€not€guilty€at€all.€€TennesseeÏcase€law,€however,€provides€that€ð ð[w]here€the€jury€is€instructed€that€an€offense€is€aÏlesser€included€offense€of€that€charged€in€the€indictment,€whether€it€be€or€not,€aÏconviction€on€such€lesser€offense€may€stand€where€the€evidence€shows€the€greaterÏoffense€was€committed.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€835€S.W.2d€32,€36€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);Ïòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Mellonsóó,€557€S.W.2d€497€(Tenn.1977).€€Here,€the€jury€wasÏinstructed€upon€the€lesser€offense€of€robbery.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌ__________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE