ÿWPCÌ …#†VUNÜ %* 0(04Xl 0ˆ{b 0J 0TU 0^© 0h 0ro 0|á 0†] 0ã 1us U,è 0d U,x U>¤ U*â B) DC5 AMx BÅ=âv~vÓ D3p 0@£ AOãÆ2 0Dø 0D< D/€ B¯˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0ºÖP _>¶ ×K&` ÚP(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡o„p @ d3|x(8(2R$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ d 3Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÔ€!ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌMarch€14,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€!ÔÑ€ ÑÑ7€–XXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßL€$&#;+'h|` ç `€€Lßà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓAT€NASHVILLEÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓFEBRUARY€1996€SESSIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` cÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9506„CC„00199€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellee,à à)Ìà àà à)€Coffee€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Hon.€Gerald€L.€Ewell,€JudgeÌò òà àó óà à)ò òÌCARRIE€PHIPPS,ó óà à)€(Retaliation€for€Past€Action,€Assault)€à àà à)€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellant.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌRobert€S.€Petersà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ100€First€Avenue,€S.W.à àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€ÌWinchester,€TN€€€37398Ìà àCharlotte€H.€RappuhnÌà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àC.€Michael€LayneÌà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àStephen€E.€Weitzman€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àP.O.€Box€147Ìà àManchester,€TN€€€37355ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÑ  ÑÌà@ àò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÔ  Ôà àÌà àÌÓ ` °§XÓÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Carrie€Phipps,€was€convicted€following€a€jury€trial€of€bothÏretaliation€for€past€action€and€assault.€€In€this€appeal,€she€claims€that€theÏevidence€was€insufficient€to€support€either€conviction.€€Following€our€review,€weÏaffirm€the€convictions.ÌÌà àThe€testimony€at€trial€revealed€that€the€victim,€Lisa€Swoape,€the€formerÏgirlfriend€of€the€appellant's€brother,€Jimmy€Phipps,€was€subpoenaed€by€theÏstate€to€testify€as€the€prosecuting€witness€in€its€case€against€Jimmy€Phipps.€€OnÏthe€date€of€the€preliminary€hearing,€Swoape€and€other€witnesses€appeared€asÏdirected;€however,€Phipps€waived€the€hearing.€€The€judge€instructed€theÏwitnesses€not€to€discuss€the€case€and,€recognizing€the€tension€between€theÏparties,€admonished€the€Phipps€family€not€to€bother€the€witnesses.€€ÌÌà àBecause€Swoape€feared€the€Phippses,€she€asked€Manchester€PoliceÏOfficer€Dennis€May€to€escort€her€to€the€parking€lot.€€As€Swoape€and€Officer€MayÏexited€the€building,€they€saw€the€appellant€who€watched€as€Swoape€got€into€herÏcar.€€The€appellant€told€May€that€"[he]€would€have€to€protect€the€witnesses"€andÏbegan€to€yell€in€Swoape's€direction.€€May€described€the€appellant€asÏbelligerent.€€After€Swoape€had€driven€away,€the€appellant€ran€to€her€vehicle€andÏproceeded€toward€the€four„lane€highway€behind€Swoape.€€Officer€May€followedÏthem€in€his€patrol€car€because€he€knew€that€the€appellant€was€going€afterÏSwoape.€€ÌÌà àOfficer€May€watched€as€the€appellant,€traveling€at€a€high€rate€of€speed,Ïpassed€several€vehicles€to€catch€up€with€Swoape.€€Driving€alongside€Swoape,Ïthe€appellant€pointed€and€yelled€at€her,€motioning€for€her€to€pull€over.€€May€andÏother€witnesses€saw€the€appellant€swerve€toward€Swoape's€vehicle€on€two€orÏthree€occasions.€€€€ÌÌà àSwoape€was€finally€forced€off€the€highway€into€a€parking€lot.€€SheÏtestified€that€she€pulled€over€because€she€was€afraid€the€appellant€was€going€toÏcause€her€to€wreck.€€The€appellant€hurriedly€exited€her€vehicle€and€racedÏtoward€Swoape's€vehicle.€€Swoape€said€that€she€was€frightened€and€began€toÏcry.€€Swoape€and€her€passenger,€a€14„year„old€neighbor,€both€said€that€theÏappellant€approached€the€vehicle€cursing€and€saying,€"You€god€d€_€_€_€bitch.€ÍI'm€going€to€whip€your€f€_€_€_ing€a€_€_€€for€what€you€did€to€my€brother."€€SwoapeÏadded€that€the€appellant€was€swinging€her€arms€wildly.€€She€said€she€wasÏafraid€and€feared€bodily€injury€because€the€appellant€was€"just€going€crazy."€ÌÌà àOfficer€May€arrived€seconds€later€to€witness€the€confrontation€but€did€notÏhear€the€appellant€make€specific€threats.€€May€told€the€appellant€to€calm€downÏor€he€would€take€her€to€jail€to€which€she€replied,€"F_€_€_€€you.€€Put€me€in€jail."€ÏMay€partially€obliged€her€request.€€He€testified€that€the€appellant€wasÏobstreperous€as€he€arrested€her€and€placed€her€in€the€backseat€of€the€patrolÏcar.ÌÌà àCharlie€West€and€his€daughter€Melissa,€who€was€also€to€have€been€aÏwitness€at€Jimmy€Phipps'€preliminary€hearing,€were€driving€on€the€same€stretchÏof€highway€and€witnessed€the€events.€€They€corroborated€Officer€May'sÏtestimony.€€The€Wests€did€not€hear€the€appellant€make€a€specific€threat€towardÏSwoape.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€eitherÏconviction.€€In€a€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€challenge,€the€relevant€question€onÏappellate€review€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€or€crimes€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJacksonÍv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63€(Tenn.€1985);ÏT.R.A.P.€13(e).€€ÌÌà àIn€Tennessee,€great€weight€is€given€to€the€result€reached€by€the€jury€in€aÏcriminal€trial.€€A€jury€verdict€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€state's€witnesses€andÏresolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405Ï(Tenn.€1983).€€Moreover,€a€guilty€verdict€replaces€the€presumption€of€innocenceÏenjoyed€at€trial€with€the€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493ÏS.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).€€The€appellant€has€the€burden€of€overcoming€theÏpresumption€of€guilt.€€òòIdóó.€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€that€may€beÏdrawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.€1978).€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€first€claims€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€herÏconviction€for€retaliation€for€past€action.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„510€providesÏthat:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àA€person€commits€the€offense€of€retaliation€for€pastÏaction€who€harms€or€threatens€to€harm€a€witness€atÏan€official€proceeding€...€by€any€unlawful€act€inÏretaliation€for€anything€the€witness€...€did€in€an€officialÏcapacity€as€witness....ÌÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„510€(1991).€€The€appellant€argues€that€becauseÏSwoape,€though€subpoenaed,€did€not€testify€at€the€preliminary€hearing,€she€wasÏnot€a€"witness,"€within€the€meaning€of€this€section.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àThis€court€previously€addressed€a€similar€issue€in€òòState€v.€Manningóó,€909ÏS.W.2d€11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€In€òòManningóó,€the€appellant€made€phoneÏcalls€from€the€jail€to€his€wife€in€which€he€threatened€to€kill€her€and€members€ofÏher€family.€€òòIdóó.€at€12.€€The€appellant's€wife€then€signed€an€affidavit€of€complaintÏbefore€a€general€sessions€judge€which€resulted€in€a€harassment€warrant€beingÏissued€against€the€appellant.€€òòIdóó.€€Appellant€was€found€guilty€and€sentenced€toÏthirty€days€additional€incarceration.€€As€a€result€of€this€conviction,€the€judgeÏissued€a€probation€violation€warrant€against€the€appellant.€€òòIdóó.€€After€receivingÏthe€warrant€in€jail,€the€appellant€left€a€series€of€messages€to€his€wife€on€theÏanswering€machine€threatening€to€"take€care€of€her"€when€he€got€out€of€jail€andÏsaying€he€"didn't€care€if€he€got€twenty€years€for€doing€it."€€òòIdóó.€€The€appellant€wasÏcharged€with€retaliation€for€past€action€and€testified€in€his€own€behalf.€€HeÏinsisted€that€his€threatening€phone€calls€resulted€from€his€probation€beingÏviolated€and€not€the€harassment€warrant.€€However,€we€held€that€the€"officialÏaction"€for€which€the€appellant€retaliated€was€the€victim's€signing€of€the€affidavitÏof€complaint€in€the€harassment€charge.€€òòIdóó.€€ÌÌà àSwoape€was€the€affiant€on€Jimmy€Phipps'€arrest€warrant.€€As€in€òòManningóó,ÏSwoape€then€became€a€"witness"€for€the€state€and€retained€that€status€pendingÏproper€disposition€of€the€case€against€Jimmy€Phipps.€€It€is€of€no€consequenceÏthat€she€did€not€testify€at€the€preliminary€hearing.€€We€conclude€that€SwoapeÏwas€a€witness€within€the€meaning€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„510.€€ÌÌà àWe€also€find€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€the€jury€to€conclude€thatÏthe€appellant's€actions€were€in€retaliation€for€past€action.€€After€forcingÏSwoape's€vehicle€off€the€road,€the€appellant€confronted€Swoape€saying€thatÏshe€was€going€to€"kick€her€...€a€_€_"€for€what€she€had€done€to€her€brother,€i.e.,Ïswear€out€a€warrant€against€Jimmy€Phipps.€€These€actions€immediately€followedÏSwoape's€departure€from€the€courthouse€where€she€had€been€called€to€testifyÏin€Jimmy€Phipps'€preliminary€hearing.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ì€€€€€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€as€to€theÏassault€conviction.€€"A€person€commits€assault€who€...€€[i]ntentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„101(a)(2)€(1991).€€Swoape€testified€that€when€the€appellantÏforced€her€off€the€highway€she€was€afraid.€€She€indicated€that€she€feared€bodilyÏinjury€when€the€appellant€approached€her€car€and€threatened€her.€€TheÏappellant€testified€in€her€own€behalf€and€insisted€that€she€was€not€hostile€whenÏconfronting€Swoape.€€She€denied€that€she€had€swerved€toward€Swoape'sÏvehicle.€€Instead,€she€maintains€that€she€was€simply€motioning€for€Swoape€toÏpull€over€so€that€she€could€get€some€things€off€her€chest.€€The€appellantÏadmitted€that€she€called€Swoape€a€liar€and€uttered€a€few€curse€words€but€insistsÏshe€never€intended€to€harm€her.€€The€appellant€also€denied€that€she€toldÏSwoape€she€was€going€to€"whip€her."€€ÌÌà àWe€find€that€sufficient€evidence€exists€to€establish€the€elements€ofÏassault.€€Once€armed€with€such€evidence,€the€jury€was€entrusted€exclusively€asÏthe€triers€of€fact€to€evaluate€the€weight€and€credibility€of€the€witnesses'Ïtestimony.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542€(Tenn.€1984);€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575ÏS.W.2d€292€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€Here,€they€gave€the€greater€weight€to€theÏstate's€witnesses.€€We€will€not€usurp€that€role.€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is,€in€all€respects,€affirmed.€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€Judge