ÿWPC …#†VUNÜ %* 0(04Xlb{ 0ªƒ 0D- 0Jq U:» 0Tõ 0^I 0h§ 0r 0| 0†ý 0ƒ 1u U,ˆ 0d´ U,U>DU*‚ B¬B)ÉDCò AM5‚Zž D3ø[+v~† 0@vÓD AOÆf 0D, 0Dp D/´ Bã˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0ºÖP _>¶ ×K&` ÚP(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡˜€* - @ d3|xô- ù-(Z(2šž$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝòòÔ€Xú¯XàXÔÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial d% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÔ€#ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌò òDecember€28,€1995ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€#ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó PÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝòòÔ€#ÔÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Sentencing€was€affirmed€by€this€Court€in€òòState€v.€Pipesóó,€No.€02C01„9111„CC„00242Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€May€13,€1992).Ì$$$$'ÿÿdxd QÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝòòÔ€#ÔÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Sentencing€was€affirmed€by€this€Court€in€òòState€v.€Pipesóó,€No.€02C01„9212„CC„00288Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€June€23,€1993).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÙ€€ÙÔ€#ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€'(&;+'h|`Õ` Å `€€Lßà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÏOF€TENNESSEEÌÌÓ ` ܆XDp”X Óà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€à à€€€€àQ àAT€JACKSONÌÌÓ` °‡XDp”XÓà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àNOVEMBER€1995€SESSIONó óÌÌÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` cÓBOBBY€EUGENE€PIPES,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9505„CC„00119Ìà àAppellant,à à)Ìà àà à)€Hardin€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€(Post„Conviction)Ìò òà àó óà à)ò òÌÓ ` ¸ cùÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)à àHonorable€C.€Creed€McGinley,€JudgeÌò òà àà àó ó)à àò òÌó óà àAppellee.ÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌCurtis€F.€Hopperà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€Ì404€West€Main€StreetÌP.O.€Box€220à àElizabeth€T.€RyanÌSavannah,€TN€38372à àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àRobert€"Gus"€RadfordÌà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àJohn€W.€Overton,€Jr.Ìà àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àMain€StreetÌà àP.O.€Box€484Ìà àSavannah,€TN€38372„2410ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÑ  ÑÑ7€fsXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÓ ` ¸ pÓò òÔ  Ôà àà ààQ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó ó€Ô  ÔÓ` ¸ pÓÔ  ÔÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€appellant,€Bobby€Eugene€Pipes,€appeals€the€denial€of€his€post„conviction€relief€of€two€separate€convictions.€€One€conviction€emanates€from€aÏguilty€plea€and€the€other€from€a€jury€trial.ÌÌà àIn€indictment€No.€6811,€appellant€pled€guilty€to€simple€robbery,Ïpossession€of€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€a€felony,€felony€escape,€andÏaggravated€burglary.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€persistent€offender€and€receivedÏtwo€twelve€year€sentences€and€two€six€year€sentences.€The€trial€judge€orderedÏthe€sentences€to€run€consecutively.× ƒ) ××  ×€€Appellant€filed€for€post„conviction€relief€toÏvacate€his€plea€alleging€that:€(1)€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,Í(2)€his€plea€was€involuntarily€and€unknowingly€entered,€and€(3)€his€plea€wasÏcoerced.ÌÌà àIn€indictment€No.€6910,€a€jury€found€appellant€guilty€of€aggravatedÏburglary€and€three€counts€of€theft€of€property€under€$€500.00.€€The€trial€judgeÏsentenced€him€to€fifteen€years€for€the€burglary€and€eleven€months€twenty„nineÏdays€for€each€of€the€theft€convictions.€€The€trial€judge€ordered€all€sentences,Ïincluding€those€in€indictment€No.€6811,€to€run€consecutively.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Appellant€filed€forÏpost„conviction€relief€alleging€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.ÌÌà àBoth€post„conviction€claims€were€consolidated€for€disposition€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€The€trial€court€held€an€evidentiary€hearing€and€dismissed€appellant'sÏclaims.€€We€affirm.ÌÌÓ  Óòòò òGUILTY€PLEAó óóóÌIÌÓ  Óà àAppellant€first€asserts€that€his€guilty€plea€should€be€vacated€because€heÏreceived€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€prior€to€submission.€€He€argues€that:Ïcounsel€failed€to€advise€him€of€his€constitutional€right€of€confrontation,€counselÏonly€met€with€the€him€on€three€occasions,€and€counsel€told€him€he€wouldÏreceive€over€100€years€if€he€did€not€plead€guilty.€€Appellant,€however,€on€cross„examination,€confessed€to€having€had€experience€in€the€plea€process€andÏknowing€that€he€had€a€right€to€call€witnesses.ÌÌà àAppellant's€former€counsel€testified.€€He€stated€that€on€two€separateÏoccasions€he€informed€the€appellant€of€his€constitutional€rights€and€thatÏappellant€indicated€that€he€understood€those€rights.€€Counsel€testified€that€heÏand€the€appellant€had€discussions€concerning€possible€defenses€andÏsentences.€€Counsel,€however,€denies€informing€appellant€he€would€receiveÏ100€years€if€he€did€not€plead€guilty.ÌÌà àThe€evidentiary€hearing€judge€found€that€counsel€had€fully€advisedÏappellant€of€his€constitutional€rights€prior€to€the€submission€of€the€plea.€ÏAppellant€had€signed€a€plea€submission€form€and€"agreed€on€the€record€thatÏ[his€rights]€had€been€explained€fully€to€him,€and€that€he€understood€and€waivedÏ[his€rights]€in€the€entry€of€his€guilty€plea."€€The€trial€judge€also€noted€thatÏappellant€was€"no€novice€to€the€criminal€justice€system€and€had€been€throughÏthis€procedure€many€times€in€the€past."ÌÌà àThe€appropriate€test€for€determining€whether€counsel€provided€effectiveÏassistance€at€trial€is€whether€his€or€her€performance€was€within€the€range€ofÏcompetence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523ÏS.W.2d€930€(Tenn.€1975).€€Appellant€must€establish€by€a€preponderance€of€theÏevidence€that:€€(1)€the€services€rendered€or€the€advice€given€by€counsel€fellÍbelow€"the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases,"€andÏ(2)€but€for€counsel's€errors,€he€would€not€have€plead€guilty€and€would€haveÏinsisted€on€going€to€trial.€€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52€(1985);€òòPorterfield€v.ÏTennesseeóó,€897€S.W.2d€672,€€677„78€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àIn€post„conviction€proceedings,€the€petitioner€has€the€burden€of€provingÏthe€allegations€in€his€petition€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòMcBee€v.ÏStateóó,€655€S.W.2d€191,€195€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Furthermore,€the€findingsÏof€the€trial€court€in€post„conviction€hearings€are€conclusive€on€appeal€unless€theÏevidence€preponderates€against€the€judgment.€€òòState€v.€Bufordóó,€666€S.W.2dÏ473,€475€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983);€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,€14€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1978).ÌÌà àAppellant€has€not€carried€the€burden€of€proving€the€allegations€in€hisÏpetition.€€The€hearing€judge€chose€to€accredit€counsel's€testimony€over€that€ofÏthe€appellant.€€That€is€the€trial€judge's€prerogative.€€We€find€that€the€evidenceÏdoes€not€preponderate€against€the€post„conviction€findings.€€Accordingly,€weÏfind€appellant's€contention€devoid€of€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓIIÌÓ  ÓÌà àAppellant's€second€assignment€of€error€is€that€the€trial€court€permittedÏhim€to€enter€an€unknowing€and€involuntary€plea.€€Appellant's€testimony€isÍunclear€and€contradictory.€€However,€what€can€be€gleaned€from€the€record€is€anÏallegation,€by€appellant,€that€he€did€not€understand€his€constitutional€right€ofÏconfrontation.ÌÌà àWe€begin€by€admonishing€the€state€for€its€failure€to€include,€as€part€of€theÏrecord,€a€transcript€of€the€plea€process.€€Pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„114€(1990),€the€state€is€in€dereliction€of€a€statutorily€mandated€duty.€ÏFurthermore,€such€dereliction€makes€it€exceedingly€difficult€for€us€sitting€as€aÏcourt€of€review€to€uphold€the€state's€position.ÌÌà àDue€process€requires€that€pleas€of€guilt€be€knowing€and€voluntary.€ÏòòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238,€243€(1969).€€Knowing€and€voluntary€includesÏthe€intentional€relinquishment€of€a€known€right.€€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553€S.W.2dÏ337,€340€(Tenn.€1977).€€The€relinquishment€of€the€right€to€self„incrimination€willÏnot€be€presumed€from€a€silent€record.€€òòJohnson€v.€Stateóó,€834€S.W.2d€922,€923Ï(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòBoykinóó,€395€U.S.€at€243).ÌÌà àWhen€a€transcript€is€inadequate€to€establish€that€a€plea€passesÏconstitutional€muster,€the€burden€shifts€to€the€state€to€show€by€clear€andÏconvincing€evidence€that€the€defendant€voluntarily,€understandingly,€andÏknowingly€entered€his€plea.€€òòChamberlain€v.€Stateóó,€815€S.W.2d€534,€541€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1990);€òòRoddy€v.€Blackóó,€516€F.2d€1380,€1384€(6th€Cir.€1975).€€TheÏstate€may€satisfy€this€burden€by€producing€extrinsic€evidence€that€the€plea€wasÍknowing€and€voluntary.€€òòChamberlainóó,€815€S.W.2d€at€541.€€The€extrinsicÏevidence€may€be€in€the€form€of€testimony€by€any€person€present€when€theÏdefendant€entered€his€plea.€€òòIdóó.€€The€state€may€also€meet€its€burden€by€elicitingÏtestimony,€from€the€defendant,€on€cross„examination€that€he€knew€andÏunderstood€his€constitutional€rights.€€òòIdóó.€€"An€allegation€that€the€[defendant]€wasÏnot€aware€of€his€constitutional€rights€is€not€the€same€as€the€allegation€that€theÏ[defendant]€was€not€advised€by€the€trial€court€of€those€rights."€€òòJohnsonóó,€834ÏS.W.2d€at€925.ÌÌà à"Appellant€is€no€neophyte€to€the€criminal€justice€system."€€òòState€v.€Pipesóó,ÏNo.€02C01„9111„CC„00242€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€May€13,€1992).€€Prior€to€his€pleaÏin€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€appellant€had€previously€been€convicted€of€ten€to€twelveÏfelonies€in€addition€to€his€misdemeanor€convictions.€€òòIdóó.€€Slip€op.€at€2.€€At€theÏevidentiary€hearing,€the€appellant€testified€on€cross„examination€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€How€many€times€have€you€come€through€this€courtroom€beforeÏon€cases,€where€you€pled€guilty?ÌÌÓÓà àA.€€Several€times.Ìà àQ.€€And€on€those€occasions€did€you€have€lawyers?Ìà àA.€€Yes€sir.Ìà àQ.€€And€did€those€lawyers€go€over€your€rights€with€you?Ìà àA.€€Yes€sir.ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€At€the€time€of€those€guilty€pleas,€„€did€the€Judge€go€over€yourÏrights€with€you?ÌÌÓÓà àA.€€Yes€sir,€„€he€read€them€off,„„ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€And€at€the€time€of€this€guilty€plea,„€did€the€Judge€go€over€yourÏrights€with€you?ÌÌÓÓà àA.€€Yes€sir.Ìà à.€.€.Ìà àQ.€€You€knew€you€could€go€to€trial,„€right?Ìà àA.€€Right,„ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€You€already€knew€that?€€And€you€knew€what€happened€atÏtrials,„€people€get€up€and€tell€things€about€you,„€right?ÌÌÓÓà àA.€€Yes,„„ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€And€you€knew€that€you€could€bring€people€in€to€tell€things?€ÏYou€knew€all€of€that,€didn't€you?ÓÓÌà àA.€€„„„„€(no€response)Ìà àQ.€€You€knew€all€of€that,„€didn't€you?Ìà àA.€€Yes€sir.ÌÓÓà8 àQ.€€And€he€explained€to€you€what€could€happen€at€a€trial,„€andÏwhat€could€happen€if€you€pled€guilty,„€he€explained€that€to€you,„Ïthat€is€what€you€said€a€few€minutes€ago,„€right?ÌÌÓÓà àA.€€Right.Ìà àQ.€€So€what€rights€is€it€that€you€didn't€understand?Ìà àA.€€„„„„€I€don't€understand€where€you€are€coming€from,„ÌÌà àTrial€counsel€testified€that€he€explained€appellant's€rights€to€him€on€twoÏoccasions.€€He€further€testified€that€appellant€indicated€he€understood€his€rights.€ÏCounsel€stated€that:ÌÓÓà8 àA.€€Yes,€I€read€his€rights€to€him,„€and€did€the€whole€procedure,„Ïbefore€a€guilty€plea€is€taken,€told€him€that€he€had€the€right€to€go€toÏtrial,€„€the€evidence€and€all.ÓÓÌÌà àThe€evidentiary€hearing€judge€was€also€the€trial€judge€who€acceptedÏappellant's€plea.€€Therefore,€the€evidentiary€hearing€judge€was€also€a€witness€toÏappellant's€plea€process.€€He€found€that€prior€to€accepting€appellant's€plea,€heÏquestioned€the€appellant€"at€some€length."€€He€remembered€"specificallyÏask[ing]€[appellant]€if€his€plea€was€voluntary€and€if€any€force€had€been€used€toÏcompel€his€plea€of€guilty."€€He€concluded€that:ÌÓÓà8 àall€of€[appellant's]€constitutional€rights€were€explained€to€him€againÏat€the€time€of€his€plea€submission.€€The€petitioner€agreed€on€theÏrecord€that€[his€rights]€had€been€explained€fully€to€him,€and€that€heÏunderstood€and€waived€[his€rights]€in€the€entry€of€his€guilty€plea.ÌÌÓÓThe€trial€judge€also€noted€that€appellant€was€"no€novice€to€the€criminal€justiceÏsystem€and€had€been€through€this€procedure€many€times€in€the€past."ÌÌà àThis€Court€must€scrutinize€with€guarded€caution€situations€were€we€canÏnot€ascertain,€from€the€trial€transcript,€that€òòBoykinóó€has€been€complied€withÏscrupulously.€€However,€because€we€find€clear€and€convincing€extrinsicÏevidence€that€appellant€was€aware€of€his€constitutional€rights,€specifically€theÏright€of€confrontation,€we€affirm€the€trial€court's€findings.€€Accordingly,€this€issueÏis€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓIIIÌÓ  ÓÌà àAppellant's€third€contention€is€that€counsel€coerced€or€induced€his€plea.€ÏAppellant€maintains€that€he€was€unaware€that€he€could€have€plead€guilty€toÏsome€of€the€charges€while€insisting€on€going€to€trial€on€others.€€He€also€allegesÏ"that€the€only€reason€he€pled€guilty€was€because€his€attorney€advised€him€if€heÏdid€not€accept€the€plea€agreement€he€would€receive€96€to€100€years."€€Counsel,Ïhowever,€denied€ever€informing€appellant€he€would€receive€100€years.€ÏCounsel€also€maintains€that€he€advised€the€appellant€that€he€could€plead€guiltyÏ"on€part€of€the€charges,€and€then€take€the€other€charges€to€a€jury€trial."ÌÌà àIn€post„conviction€proceedings,€the€petitioner€has€the€burden€of€provingÏthe€allegations€in€his€petition€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòMcBee€v.ÏStateóó,€655€S.W.2d€191,€195€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Furthermore,€the€findingsÏof€the€trial€court€in€post„conviction€hearings€are€conclusive€on€appeal€unless€theÏevidence€preponderates€against€the€judgment.€€òòState€v.€Bufordóó,€666€S.W.2dÏ473,€475€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983);€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,€14€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1978).ÌÌà àWe€find€that€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€judge'sÏfindings.€€That€the€hearing€judge€accepted€the€veracity€of€counsel's€testimony€isÏnot€reversible€error.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òòòJURY€TRIALóóó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWe€find€no€merit€in€appellant's€claim€that€he€was€denied€the€effectiveÏassistance€of€counsel€during€his€trial€by€jury€in€indictment€No.€6910.€€AppellantÏargues€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to:€€(1)€procure€a€"key€witness"Ïpossessing€exculpatory€information,€and€(2)€produce€a€witness€to€corroborateÏthat€certain€items€belonged€to€appellant.€€Appellant,€however,€was€also€unableÏto€produce€these€witnesses€at€his€post„conviction€evidentiary€hearing.ÌÌà àA€petitioner€alleging€ineffective€assistance€must€prove€prejudice€byÏproducing€competent€evidence.€€òòState€€v.€Walkeróó,€No.€02C01„9203„CC„00068Ï(Tenn.€Crim€App.€Feb.€24,€1993).€€When€an€ineffective€assistance€claim€is€basedÏon€counsel's€failure€to€produce€a€witness€or€put€on€certain€evidence,€"then€theÏpetitioner€must€produce€that€evidence,€to€not€only€show€the€fact€that€theÏevidence€is€producible,€but€that€the€evidence€would€have€been€helpful."€€òòIdóó.€SlipÏop.€at€4;€òòSeeóó€òòBrown€v.€McGinnisóó,€922€F.2d€425€(7th€Cir.€1991)€(holdingÏpetitioner€must€produce€witness€to€make€a€comprehensive€showing€of€whatÏtestimony€would€have€been€or€how€it€would€have€changed€outcome).ÌÌà àAppellant€has€neither€shown€what€the€mystery€witnesses'€testimonyÏwould€have€been€nor€how€it€would€have€produced€a€different€result.€ÏAccordingly,€appellant€has€not€established€prejudice.€€This€issue€is,€therefore,Ïwithout€merit.ÌÌà àà ààQ àò òòòCONCLUSIONóóó óÌÌà àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€trial€court's€judgment€denyingÏrelief.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà ààQ àà à______________________________Ìà àà ààQ àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JudgeÌ