ÿWPC£ …#†VUNÜ %* 0(0bX4`t 0lƒ 0DïU .3 0Ja 0T« 0^ÿ 0h] 0rÅ 0|7 0†³ 09 1uÉ U,> 0dj U,Î U>ú B)8DCa AM¤Iñ B:ŸWv~ö D3tvÓ§ 0@z AOºÆ  0DÏ 0D D/W B†˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5E,,,,0úØP '6* F:f šP(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù-3x2"|xy((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ?Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òJanuary€31,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó d •Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ôÔWhile€the€Defendant€argues€in€general€terms€that€his€sentences€were€excessive,€the€trial€judgeÏà àordered€the€minimum€sentence€for€each€offense€other€than€the€especially€aggravated€robbery.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@'''''ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€!!X„d&ÓÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÔ€"ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€µjXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙßL€%&$;+'h|éÿ3` Å `€€LßÌAT€JACKSONÌÌNOVEMBER€SESSION,€1995ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àC.C.A.ÏNO.€02C01„9506„CC„00178Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìó óà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHARDEMAN€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JON€KERRY€BLACKWOODó óÌò òCHAD€DOUGLAS€POOLE,ó óà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)ó óà à(Sentencing)ÌÌÌÓ  Óò òON€APPEAL€AS€OF€RIGHT€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCIRCUIT€COURT€OF€HARDEMAN€COUNTYó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌC.€MICHAEL€ROBBINSà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€700ÌSomerville,€TN€€38068à àà àà àELLEN€H.€POLLACKÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àELIZABETH€RICEÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€NORWOODÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à302€Market€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSomerville,€TN€€38068ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌSENTENCE€MODIFIEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€ °Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€ XÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThis€is€an€appeal€pursuant€to€Rule€3€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€AppellateÏProcedure.€€The€Defendant€was€convicted,€upon€his€pleas€of€guilty,€of€Class€EÏfelony€theft,€two€counts€of€burglary,€especially€aggravated€burglary,€and€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery.€€For€these€respective€crimes,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏDefendant€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€concurrent€terms€of€one€year€for€theÏtheft,€two€years€for€each€of€the€burglaries,€eight€years€for€the€especially€aggravatedÏburglary€and€twenty„one€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€It€is€from€theÏsentence€of€twenty„one€years€imposed€for€the€Class€A€felony€of€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery€that€the€Defendant€primarily€appeals.× ƒ( ××  ×€€We€affirm€the€judgmentÏof€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range€or€manner€of€service€of€aÏsentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumptionÏthat€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÏrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€factsÍand€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€TheÏSentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€appellant€toÏshow€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.ÌÌà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€theÏtrial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;Ï(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÏdefendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)€.€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant's€convictions€herein€grew€out€of€three€separate€instancesÏinvolving€the€Defendant€and€others.€€Because€the€Defendant's€appeal€is€primarilyÏfrom€the€twenty„one€year€sentence€imposed€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery,Ïwe€will€address€the€facts€of€that€offense€in€some€detail.ÌÌà àThe€victim€of€this€offense€was€a€seventy„one„year„old€woman€who€livedÏalone€and€ran€a€small€grocery€store.€€The€Defendant€and€his€co„defendant€knewÏthe€victim€and€knew€where€she€lived.€€According€to€the€testimony€of€the€co„defendant,€both€the€Defendant€and€the€co„defendant€discussed€and€planned€theÏrobbery€of€the€victim.€€On€June€23,€1994,€these€two€individuals€went€to€her€home,Ïgained€entry€into€the€house€and€waited€for€approximately€two€hours€until€the€victimÏcame€home€that€evening.€€The€co„defendant€was€armed€with€a€baseball€bat.€€TheÏDefendant€had€obtained€black€tape€from€his€girlfriend€and€wrapped€the€bat€with€theÏtape€so€that€the€bat€would€become€less€visible.€€ÌÌà àWhen€the€victim€entered€her€home,€the€co„defendant€struck€the€victim€in€theÏback€of€the€head€with€the€baseball€bat,€knocking€her€unconscious.€€Property€wasÏremoved€from€her€person€as€she€lay€bleeding.€€The€victim€remained€unconsciousÏwhere€she€fell€until€she€was€discovered€the€next€morning€by€members€of€her€family.€ÏThe€injuries€to€the€victim€were€severe.€€Her€hospital€and€medical€bills€totaled€overÏtwenty„six€thousand€dollars.€€Luckily,€the€victim€substantially€recovered€from€herÏinjuries,€although€at€the€time€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€she€continued€to€sufferÏsome€disabilities.€€ÌÌà àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€Defendant€was€twenty„one€yearsÏold.€€He€dropped€out€of€school€after€completing€the€ninth€grade.€€He€has€no€historyÏof€steady€employment.€€He€reported€regular€and€heavy€use€of€marijuana.€€ÌÌà àIn€addition€to€traffic€offenses,€the€presentence€report€reflects€convictions€ofÏburglary,€burglary€of€an€auto,€and€two€counts€of€theft€in€Weakley€County€in€OctoberÏ1994.€€As€a€juvenile,€the€report€reflects€one€conviction€for€theft€in€1991.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€testified€at€his€sentencing€hearing€and€stated€that€he€hadÏknown€the€co„defendant€for€five€or€six€years.€€He€testified€that€the€co„defendantÏasked€him€if€he€wanted€to€be€a€part€of€the€robbery,€and€he€said€that€"at€first,€I€didn't;€IÏdidn't€want€to€be€a€part."€€He€testified€that€he€did€not€participate€in€the€robberyÏbecause€he€needed€money.€€He€stated€that€his€girlfriend€and€his€mother€providedÏhim€with€money.€€He€admitted€that€the€money€taken€from€the€victim€was€used€to€buyÏmarijuana€which€he€and€the€co„defendant€smoked.€€He€admitted€that€he€knew€thatÏthe€co„defendant€was€going€to€hit€the€victim€with€the€baseball€bat.€€He€said€that€heÏdid€not€really€want€to€participate€in€the€robbery€but€that€he€was€persuaded€to€goÏalong€with€it.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€introduced€a€letter€from€a€psychologist€who€had€evaluatedÏhim€at€the€Hardeman€County€jail.€€The€psychologist€stated€that€the€Defendant€"is€aÏnon„assertive€follower€who€can€easily€be€influenced€or€intimidated€by€his€peers.€ÏThis€coupled€with€his€history€of€heavy€abuse€of€marijuana,€which€furtherÍexacerbates€his€apathy€and€lack€of€direction€in€life,€resulted€in€his€not€having€takenÏcontrol€of€his€life€by€setting€goals€and€working€towards€them."ÌÌà àEspecially€aggravated€robbery€is€a€Class€A€felony,€punishable€by€aÏminimum€of€fifteen€years€and€a€maximum€of€twenty„five€years€as€a€Range€IÏstandard€offender.€€In€ordering€the€Defendant's€sentence€of€twenty„one€years,€theÏtrial€court€found€no€mitigating€factors€and€applied€the€following€enhancementÏfactors:€€(1)€That€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÏcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;Ï(2)€that€the€victim€of€the€offense€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€orÏphysical€or€mental€disability;€(3)€that€the€offense€involved€a€victim€and€wasÏcommitted€to€gratify€the€Defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement;€and€(4)€thatÏthe€Defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€crueltyÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(4),€(7)Ïand€(5).ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€applying€asÏmitigating€factors€the€following:€€(1)€That€the€Defendant€played€a€minor€role€in€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€and€(2)€that€the€Defendant€was€suffering€from€a€mentalÏor€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpability€for€the€offense.€€Tenn.ÍCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(4)€and€(8).€€Based€upon€our€review€of€this€record,€weÏcannot€conclude€that€the€trial€judge€erred€by€not€finding€the€existence€of€eitherÏmitigating€factor.€€If€those€factors€were€present€at€all,€they€were€entitled€to€very€littleÏweight.ÌÌà àConcerning€the€enhancement€factors,€the€Defendant€argued€at€theÏsentencing€hearing€that€his€criminal€record€from€Weakley€County€should€not€beÏused€to€enhance€his€sentence€because€the€crimes€occurred€subsequent€to€theÏcrimes€for€which€he€was€convicted€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó.€€The€Defendant€does€notÏmake€this€argument€on€this€appeal.€€We€note€that€this€court€has€held€that€trialÏjudges€can€consider€criminal€convictions€or€any€other€criminal€behavior€whichÏoccurred€prior€to€the€sentencing€hearing€as€constituting€a€previous€history€ofÏcriminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior,€regardless€of€whether€the€convictions€orÏbehavior€occurred€before€or€after€the€criminal€conduct€under€consideration.€€òòStateÏv.€Ed€Watersóó,€No.€01„C„01„9106„CR„00158,€Hickman€County,€slip.€op.€at€6„7€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€Nashville,€filed€Feb.€20,€1992),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1992).ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€record€does€not€support€the€finding€by€theÏtrial€court€that€the€offense€was€committed€to€gratify€the€Defendant's€desire€forÏpleasure€or€excitement.€€We€agree.€€The€State€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€thatÍthe€crime€was€committed€to€gratify€the€Defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement.€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993).€€While€the€DefendantÏdenies€any€motive€for€committing€the€crime,€we€believe€the€record€reveals€that€theÏmotivation€for€the€crime€was€to€steal€from€the€victim€for€the€purpose€of€buying€drugs.€ÏThe€State€did€not€carry€the€burden€of€proving€that€the€offense€was€done€to€gratifyÏthe€Defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€finding€as€anÏenhancement€factor€that€the€victim€of€the€offense€was€particularly€vulnerableÏbecause€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability.€€The€victim€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóóÏwas€seventy„one€years€old€and€was€apparently€in€good€health€at€the€time€theÏoffense€was€committed.€€No€evidence€was€introduced€indicating€particularÏvulnerability.€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€the€vulnerabilityÏenhancement€relates€more€to€the€natural€physical€and€mental€limitations€of€theÏvictim€than€merely€to€the€victim's€age.€€òòAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€35.€€Again,€the€StateÏbears€the€burden€of€proving€the€victim's€limitations€rendering€him€or€her€particularlyÏvulnerable.€€òòIdóó.€€In€òòAdamsóó,€two€of€the€victims€of€the€Defendant's€sexual€abuse€wereÏfour€and€five€years€old,€respectively.€€Our€supreme€court€found€that€the€record€failedÏto€show€how€these€victims€were€particularly€vulnerable.€€Based€on€the€supremeÏcourt's€ruling€in€òòAdamsóó,€we€feel€constrained€to€hold€that€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,Íproof€that€the€victim€was€seventy„one€years€old€is€not€sufficient€in€and€of€itself€toÏshow€particular€vulnerability,€even€though€it€is€clear€from€this€record€that€each€of€theÏDefendants€were€much€stronger€than€the€victim.€€For€this€reason,€we€are€compelledÏto€agree€with€the€Defendant€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€applying€as€anÏenhancement€factor€the€particular€vulnerability€of€the€victim€because€of€her€age.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€next€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€theÏDefendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€crueltyÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€We€disagree.€€This€elderly€woman€wasÏknocked€unconscious€by€a€blow€to€the€head€with€a€baseball€bat.€€Even€though€theÏDefendants€knew€that€the€victim€lived€alone,€they€left€her€lying€unconscious€andÏbleeding€under€such€circumstances€that€it€was€unlikely€that€her€condition€wouldÏsoon€be€discovered.€€In€fact,€the€victim€remained€in€such€a€condition€all€night€longÏand€was€discovered€by€family€members€the€next€day.€€Because€of€the€delay€inÏreceiving€medical€treatment,€the€victim€is€extremely€fortunate€to€have€survived€thisÏattack.€€We€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€finding€of€this€enhancementÏfactor.ÌÌà àWe€therefore€conclude€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€finding€and€applying€twoÏenhancement€factors.€€This€does€not€automatically€result€in€a€conclusion€that€theÍtrial€judge€erred€in€sentencing€this€Defendant€in€the€middle€of€his€range.€€BecauseÏwe€have€decided€that€two€of€the€four€enhancement€factors€applied€herein€wereÏinappropriate,€however,€we€believe€some€modification€should€be€considered.€ÏBased€upon€our€careful€review€of€this€entire€record,€we€conclude€that€theÏenhancement€factors€found€herein€justify€the€imposition€of€a€mid„range€sentenceÏfor€this€Defendant€of€nineteen€years.ÌÌà àThe€judgement€of€the€trial€court€is€accordingly€modified€to€reflect€a€sentenceÏof€nineteen€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à______________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGE