ÿWPC 4# è %ó 0(ùw@!4au„U:ŒU:Æ 0l 0Dl 0J° D3ú 0T- 0^ 0hß 0rG 0|¹ 0†5 0» 1uK 0dÀ U*$ B)N DCw AMº ÷ Bþ AO Æj 0D0 0@t 0D´ fø D/^ B!ªv~ËvÓI˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ X($¡¡  !"#$¡e%U&U'Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|x0, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularÂ"Arial Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(((('ÿÿdxd2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd*,%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ íÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌJune€6,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó d*,-/Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ00'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€#ôÔAlthough€the€victim€of€the€rape€was€not€a€minor,€we€have€nevertheless€chosen€to€refer€to€herÏby€her€initials€only.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ É‘ XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ќـ*ÙßR€&'%A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€NASHVILLEÌDECEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNO.€01C01„9511„CC„00390à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à àRUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€J.S.€DANIEL,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌELDRED€REIDà àà àà àà à)à à(Rape€and€Sentencing)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)Ìà à€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóóÌÌGerald€L.€Meltonà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ201€W.€Main€Street,€Suite€101à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€37130à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌJeannie€A.€Kaessà àà àà àà àà àJanis€L.€Turnerà àà àà àÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ201€W.€Main€Street,€Suite€101à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€37130à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌRussell€N.€Perkinsà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€C.€Whitesell,€Jr.ÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌ201€W.€Main€Street,€Suite€101à àà àà à303€Rutherford€County€Judicial€Bldg.ÌMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€37130à àà àà àMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€37130ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDale€T.€RobinsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à303€Rutherford€County€Judicial€Bldg.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€Tennessee€37130ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÑ€.ÑÇòòÓÓÓ  ÓOpinionóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant,€Eldreid€Reid,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€and€sentenceÏfor€one€count€of€rape.€€He€argues€on€appeal:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à àThe€trial€court€erred€when€it€permitted€the€State€to€introduceÏevidence€that€Dorey€Hortonððs€daughter€had€charged€her€with€assault.ÌÌà8 à(2)à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€permit€him€to€elicit€certainÏtestimony€from€Dorey€Horton€and€in€not€allowing€him€to€make€an€offer€ofÏproof€regarding€that€testimony.ÌÌà8 à(3)à àThe€trial€court€erred€when€it€prohibited€him€from€introducingÏtestimony€that€the€first€grand€jury€which€considered€the€case€returned€aÏno€true€bill.ÌÌà8 à(4)à àHis€sentence€is€excessive.ÌÌÓÓWe€have€reviewed€the€record€presented€in€this€appeal€and€find€no€reversible€error.€ÏAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€Appellantððs€conviction€and€sentence.ÌÓ  ÓFactual€BackgroundÌÓ  Óà àOn€the€afternoon€of€June€13,€1991,€B.C.× ƒ1 ××  ×€went€to€visit€her€sister€and€brother„in„law,€Donna€and€Butch€King,€in€their€apartment€in€œSmyrna›,€Tennessee.€€The€three€ofÏthem€were€planning€to€go€to€the€Veterans€of€Foreign€Wars€(V.F.W.)€Club€later€thatÏevening€to€celebrate€their€impending€move€to€Florida.€€After€a€short€visit,€B.C.Ïcontinued€to€her€own€apartment,€where€she€cleaned€up€and€changed€clothes.€€Ìà àWhen€she€returned€to€the€Kingsðð€apartment,€the€Appellant€was€there€and€ButchÏKing€introduced€B.C.€to€the€Appellant.€€At€that€point,€B.C.€did€not€know€the€AppellantÏbut€knew€of€him€as€he€was€dating€Dorey€Horton,€her€sonððs€girlfriendððs€mother€andÏone€of€Donna€Kingððs€best€friends.€€Butch€King€told€the€Appellant€that€they€were€allÏgoing€to€the€V.F.W.€Club€for€a€few€drinks€and€invited€him€to€join€them.Ìà àB.C.€and€the€Kings€arrived€at€the€V.F.W.€Club€around€7:00€p.m.€€They€orderedÏdrinks€and€sat€down€at€a€table.€€Approximately€an€hour€and€a€half€later,€the€AppellantÏjoined€them.€€Around€nine€oððclock,€Donna€King€decided€that€she€wanted€to€leaveÏbecause€she€had€to€go€to€work€early€the€following€morning.€€B.C.,€who€had€justÏordered€her€third€drink,€wanted€to€stay€a€little€longer€and€finish€that€drink.€€HearingÏthat€B.C.€was€not€ready€to€leave,€the€Appellant€offered€to€stay€with€her€for€a€while€andÏthen€take€her€back€to€her€car€at€the€Kingsðð€apartment.€Ìà àB.C.€accepted€the€Appellantððs€offer,€but€before€letting€the€Kings€leave€theÏV.F.W.€Club,€she€walked€with€them€to€the€parking€lot€where€she€asked€both€of€them€ifÏit€would€be€safe€for€her€to€ride€with€the€Appellant.€€Since€the€Kings€had€known€theÏAppellant€for€some€time,€they€both€responded€that€it€would€be€all€right.Ìà àB.C.€went€back€inside€and€sat€down€with€the€Appellant€and€they€started€talkingÏabout€problems€she€and€Dorey€Horton€were€having€as€a€result€of€their€childrenÏdating€each€other.€€They€remained€at€the€Club€for€another€thirty€minutes€beforeÏleaving€in€the€Appellantððs€car.Ìà àUpon€leaving€the€V.F.W.€Club,€the€Appellant€headed€towards€the€KingsððÏapartment,€but€shortly€thereafter,€he€turned€onto€Old€Nashville€Highway€telling€B.C.Ïthat€he€was€taking€a€longer€route€because€he€wanted€to€continue€talking€about€theÏproblems€she€and€Dorey€Horton€were€having€with€their€children.€€When€the€AppellantÏcame€to€Sam€Ridley€Parkway,€he€turned€into€an€industrial€area€unfamiliar€to€B.C.€ÏWhen€B.C.€asked€him€where€he€was€going,€he€responded€that€he€was€only€going€toÏturn€the€car€around.€€When€the€Appellant€kept€on€driving€farther€into€the€industrialÏarea,€B.C.€started€protesting€and€asked€him€to€take€her€back€to€her€car€at€the€KingsððÏapartment.€€Ignoring€B.C.ððs€request,€the€Appellant€continued€farther€into€the€industrialÏarea,€and€after€a€few€more€minutes,€he€reached€a€secluded€area€where€he€stoppedÏthe€car€and€parked€it.Ìà àThe€Appellant€started€kissing€and€fondling€B.C.,€and€then€he€leaned€over€herÏand€opened€the€carððs€passenger€door.€€He€crawled€over€her€and€turned€her€aroundÏso€that€her€legs€hung€out€through€the€passenger€side€door€and€her€head€rested€in€theÏdriverððs€seat.€€B.C.€yelled€and€screamed€at€the€Appellant€in€an€attempt€to€get€him€toÏstop,€but€her€resistance€had€no€effect.€€Instead,€the€Appellant€told€her€that€they€wereÏgoing€ð ðto€have€some€fun.ðð€€Somehow,€the€Appellant€managed€to€take€off€B.C.ððs€pantsÏand€panties.€€B.C.€pushed,€punched,€and€scratched€the€Appellant€to€get€him€to€stop,Ïbut€he€held€her€down€by€pushing€her€shoulder€against€the€seat,€climbed€on€top€ofÍher,€and€penetrated€her€vaginally.€€The€Appellant€continued€the€sexual€intercourseÏuntil€B.C.€started€yelling€that€she€could€not€breathe.Ìà àShortly€after€the€intercourse,€the€Appellant€took€B.C.€to€her€car€at€the€KingsððÏapartment.€€When€B.C.€got€into€her€car,€her€youngest€son,€who€was€staying€with€theÏKings,€came€out€to€see€her.€€At€that€point,€the€eveningððs€events€caught€up€with€B.C.Ïand€she€started€crying.€€On€her€way€home,€B.C.€and€her€son€stopped€by€the€HardeeððsÏin€Smyrna,€where€B.C.€told€her€cousin,€Cathy€Keith,€that€she€had€been€raped.€€WhenÏB.C.€arrived€home,€she€decided€that€she€should€go€to€a€rape€crisis€center€and€contactÏthe€police.€€Ìà àWhen€B.C€arrived€at€the€police€station,€Detective€Laura€Williams€took€her€toÏthe€Emergency€Room€for€a€medical€examination€and€a€rape€kit.€€Following€theÏexamination,€Detective€Williams€brought€B.C.€back€to€the€police€station,€where€B.C.Ïgave€a€statement€regarding€what€had€happened€that€night.€€Before€leaving,€B.C.Ïinquired€of€Detective€Williams€whether€she€should€take€out€a€warrant€against€theÏAppellant,€but€Detective€Williams€advised€her€to€wait€until€the€police€could€investigateÏthe€rape€further.Ìà àThe€following€day,€B.C.€went€to€visit€the€Kings€in€their€apartment.€€While€sheÏwas€there,€Dorey€Horton€called€to€talk€to€Donna€King,€but€she€also€talked€to€B.C.€ÏDuring€that€conversation,€Horton€told€B.C.€that€she€didnððt€believe€that€she€had€beenÏraped,€but€if€that€were€the€case,€B.C.€certainly€deserved€anything€that€had€happenedÍto€her.€€This€caused€B.C.,€who€was€already€upset€from€having€been€raped,€to€lose€herÏtemper€and€she€ran€over€to€Hortonððs€apartment€in€an€attempt€to€physically€confrontÏher.€€In€her€attempt€to€get€into€Hortonððs€apartment,€B.C.€damaged€Hortonððs€door.€€Ìà àA€few€days€later,€Horton€took€out€a€warrant€against€B.C.€charging€her€withÏvandalism.€€B.C.€pled€guilty€to€the€charge€and€paid€restitution.€€During€the€followingÏweeks,€Horton€also€took€out€warrants€against€members€of€B.C.ððs€family.€€The€firstÏwarrant€alleged€that€B.C.ððs€son€had€vandalized€Hortonððs€car,€and€after€a€hearing,€heÏwas€ordered€to€pay€$60.00€in€restitution.€€The€second€warrant,€which€was€dismissed,Ïalleged€that€B.C.ððs€oldest€son€had€committed€assault€against€Dorey€HortonððsÏyoungest€daughter.€€At€some€later€point€in€time,€Dorey€Horton€took€out€a€warrantÏagainst€Donna€King€charging€her€with€making€harassing€phone€calls.Ìà àThe€Appellant€was€first€tried€and€found€guilty€of€rape€in€March€of€1992,€but€thisÏCourt€reversed€his€conviction€in€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€882€S.W.2d€423€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994).€€The€Appellant€was€tried€a€second€time,€and€again,€a€jury€of€his€peersÏconvicted€him€of€rape.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏAppellant€to€nine€years€imprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€ÌÓ  ÓIÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€permitted€theÏState€to€introduce€evidence€that€Dorey€Hortonððs€daughter€had€charged€her€withÏassault.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àOver€the€objection€of€the€Appellantððs€counsel,€the€trial€court€permitted€theÏState,€on€cross„examination€of€Dorey€Horton,€to€show€that€Hortonððs€daughter,ÏJennifer,€took€out€an€assault€warrant€against€her€mother€two€days€before€the€rapeÏoccurred.€€The€Appellant€argues€that€the€admission€of€the€assault€warrant€againstÏHorton,€his€key€witness,€unduly€prejudiced€him€by€damaging€her€credibility.€€HortonððsÏtestimony,€according€to€the€Appellant,€was€intended€to€prove€that€B.C.€fabricated€theÏrape€charges€to€get€Horton€to€drop€certain€juvenile€charges€against€her€oldest€sonÏand€to€extort€money€from€the€Appellant.€€Ìà àThe€State€argues€that€the€evidence€of€the€assault€warrant€was€admissibleÏpursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence,€Rule€608(b),€which€provides€that€a€witnessððÏspecific€instances€of€conduct€can€be€introduced€if€probative€of€that€witnessððÏtruthfulness€or€untruthfulness.€€òòIdóó.€€The€rule€also€provides€that€the€trial€court,€ifÏrequested,€must€hold€a€hearing€outside€the€juryððs€presence€where€it€must€ð ðdetermineÏthat€the€alleged€conduct€has€probative€value€and€that€a€reasonable€basis€exists€forÏthe€inquiry.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€608(b)(1).Ìà àHere,€the€trial€court€made€no€findings€on€the€record€that€evidence€of€theÏassault€warrant€was€probative€of€Hortonððs€truthfulness.€€The€trial€court€did€conduct€aÏbrief€hearing€outside€the€juryððs€presence,€but€failed€to€make€any€findings€on€theÏrecord€that€a€reasonable€factual€basis€existed€for€the€inquiry€or€that€the€allegedÏconductððs€probative€value€outweighed€its€prejudicial€effect€on€the€Appellant.€€Ìà àWe€fail€to€see€that€the€assault€warrant,€taken€out€against€Dorey€Horton€twoÏdays€before€the€rape€occurred,€had€any€probative€value€of€any€issue€in€theÏAppellantððs€rape€trial.€€The€assault€warrant€was€irrelevant€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€608(b);€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€402;€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€22€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1996).€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€trial€courtððs€admission€of€testimony€regarding€theÏassault€warrant€against€Dorey€Horton€was€in€error€and€should€have€been€excluded.€€Ìà àHowever,€after€considering€the€entire€record€in€this€case,€we€are€satisfied€thatÏthis€error€was€harmless.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a);€òòseeÏalsoóó€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€ð ðNo€judgment€ofÏconviction€will€be€reversed€on€appeal€except€for€errors€which€affirmatively€appear€toÏhave€affected€the€result€of€the€trial€on€the€merits.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€Given€theÏtotality€of€the€convicting€evidence,€it€is€clear€to€this€Court€that€the€improperly€admittedÏevidence€did€not€affect€the€result€of€this€trial.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€AppellantÏhas€suffered€no€prejudice€and€that€the€error€was€harmless.ÌÇÓ  ÓIIÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€permit€himÏto€elicit€certain€testimony€from€Dorey€Horton€and€in€not€allowing€him€to€make€an€offerÏof€proof€regarding€that€testimony.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àDuring€the€Appellantððs€direct€examination€of€Dorey€Horton,€she€was€askedÏhow€the€event€in€which€the€rape€warrant€was€taken€out€had€affected€her€personally.€ÏThe€State€objected€to€the€question€on€relevance€grounds.€€Appellantððs€counselÏresponded€that€it€was€relevant€to€show€that€Horton€felt€responsible€for€the€rapeÏwarrant€having€been€taken€out.€€Horton€apparently€believed€that€B.C.€took€out€theÏrape€warrant€against€the€Appellant€to€get€even€with€her€for€the€warrants€she€hadÏtaken€out€against€B.C.€and€her€family.€€The€trial€court€sustained€the€Stateððs€objection.€Ìà àThe€trial€court€has€wide€discretion€in€determining€whether€evidence€is€relevantÏand€its€decision€to€admit€or€to€exclude€evidence€will€not€be€reversed€unless€arbitrarilyÏexercised.€€òòState€v.€Daviesóó,€872€S.W.2d€950,€955€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Ïð ðððRelevant€evidenceðð€means€evidence€having€any€tendency€to€make€the€existence€ofÏany€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€more€probable€orÏless€probable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€401.€€ð ðAllÏrelevant€evidence€is€admissible€.€.€.€[but€e]vidence€which€is€not€relevant€is€notÏadmissible.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€402;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Forbesóó,€918€S.W.2d€431,€450€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995).€Ìà àWe€do€not€find€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€excluding€theÏdisputed€testimony.€€How€the€Appellantððs€rape€trial€affected€Horton€had€no€relevanceÏto€the€Appellantððs€guilt€or€innocence.€€œHorton›ððs€proposed€testimony€did€not€offer€anyÏevidence€of€probative€value,€but€rather€amounted€to€no€more€than€speculation€andÏconjecture.€€Ìà àAt€the€end€of€the€trial,€the€Appellant€also€requested€the€trial€court€to€allow€anÏoffer€of€proof€regarding€the€same€evidence,€but€the€trial€court€denied€the€AppellantððsÏrequest.€€While€trial€courts€should,€as€a€general€rule,€always€allow€offers€of€proof,€thisÏCourt€has€also€stated€that€it€is€not€error€to€refuse€an€offer€of€proof€if€it€is€clear€from€theÏrecord€that€the€testimony€is€obviously€irrelevant€evidence.€€òòAlley€v.€Stateóó,€882€S.W.2dÏ810,€816€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Having€already€concluded€that€the€disputedÏportion€of€Hortonððs€testimony€was€irrelevant,€we,€therefore,€find€that€the€AppellantððsÏconstitutional€right€to€a€fair€trail€was€not€violated€by€the€trial€courtððs€refusal€to€admit€theÏAppellantððs€offer€of€proof.€€Moreover,€the€Appellant€has€failed€to€show€any€prejudice,Ïsince€his€counsel€stated€on€the€record€what€Dorey€Hortonððs€anticipated€testimonyÏwas€to€be.ÌÓ  ÓIIIà àÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellantððs€third€contention€is€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€prohibitedÏhim€from€introducing€testimony€that€the€first€grand€jury€which€considered€the€caseÏreturned€a€no€true€bill.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àB.C.€offered€grand€jury€testimony€on€two€occasions€with€regard€to€the€rape.€ÏThe€first€time,€the€grand€jury€returned€a€no€true€bill.€€The€second€time,€however,€theÏgrand€jury€found€the€evidence€of€the€Appellantððs€rape€sufficient€to€return€anÏindictment.€€à àDuring€re„direct€examination,€the€State,€in€order€to€bolster€B.C.ððsÏcredibility,€elicited€testimony€to€the€effect€that€she€had€consistently€told€severalÏdifferent€people€what€happened€to€her€on€the€evening€of€the€rape.€€As€a€part€of€thatÏline€of€questioning,€the€State€asked€B.C.€whether€she€had€testified€in€front€of€theÏgrand€jury.€€On€re„cross€examination,€the€Appellantððs€counsel€sought€to€elicitÏtestimony€from€B.C.€to€the€effect€that€the€first€grand€jury€had€returned€a€no€true€bill.€ÏThe€State€objected€and€after€a€bench€conference,€the€trial€court€sustained€the€StateððsÏobjection.€€The€Appellant€now€argues€that€his€right€to€cross„examination€was€violatedÏbecause€he€was€not€allowed€to€show€that€the€first€grand€jury€returned€a€no€true€bill.€ÏIn€particular,€he€contends€that€since€he€was€not€allowed€to€show€that€B.C.€hadÏtestified€in€front€of€two€grand€juries,€the€jury€at€the€trial€was€misled€as€to€her€credibilityÏin€that€the€first€grand€juryððs€returning€of€the€no€true€bill€gave€B.C.€an€incentive€toÏexaggerate€her€allegations€of€rape.Ìà àThe€propriety,€scope,€and€control€of€witness€cross„examination€is€within€theÏtrial€courtððs€discretion€and€will€not€be€overturned€absent€clear€and€plain€abuse.€€òòStateÏv.€Richardsonóó,€875€S.W.2d€671,€675€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€It€is€well„established€inÏTennessee€that€the€grand€juryððs€findings€are€irrelevant€to€the€trial€on€the€merits.€€òòStateÍv.€Oneidasóó,€635€S.W.2d€516€(Tenn.€1982).€€The€fact€that€a€grand€jury€does€not€returnÏa€true€bill€shall€not€be€taken€as€an€indication€that€the€accused€is€innocent.€€The€grandÏjuryððs€indictment€is€pure€hearsay€and€only€an€accusation€formed€by€a€group€of€menÏand€women€considering€òòex€parteóó€evidence.€€òòMontesi€v.€Stateóó,€417€S.W.2d€554,€560Ï(Tenn.€1967).€€Ìà àAs€it€is€well„established€in€Tennessee€that€a€grand€juryððs€findings€areÏirrelevant€to€the€trial€on€the€merits,€we€decline€to€find€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€Appellantððs€constitutional€right€to€a€fair€trialÏwas€not€violated.€€Ó  ÓIVÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellantððs€fourth€and€final€contention€is€that€the€sentence€imposed€isÏexcessive.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÓ` °XŒ(0*ŒXÓà àRape,€a€Class€B€felony,€carries€a€sentence€of€eight€to€twelve€years€for€a€RangeÏI€standard€offender.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant€to€nine€yearsÏimprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€applying€twoÏenhancement€factors.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€victim€had€suffered€physical€injuryÏwhich€was€particularly€great€from€the€rape€and€that€the€rape€was€committed€forÏpleasure€or€excitement.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(Supp.€1996);€òòsee€alsoóóÏòòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34„35€(Tenn.€1993).€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€argues€that€the€physical€injury€enhancement€factor€was€notÏapplicable€in€this€situation.€€He€also€contends€that€the€rape€was€not€committed€forÍpleasure€or€excitement€because€B.C.€engaged€in€sexual€intercourse€with€theÏAppellant€to€seek€revenge€against€Dorey€Horton.€Ìà àWhen€an€Appellant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeÏnovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ï(1991).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealingÏparty.€€òòIdóó,€(Sentencing€Commission€Comments).€€This€presumption,€however,€isÏconditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€consideredÏthe€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àThe€minimum€sentence€within€the€range€is€the€presumptive€sentence.€€If€thereÏare€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€the€court€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€inÏthe€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€andÏthen€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€IfÏthere€are€no€mitigating€factors,€the€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€inÏthat€range€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€(1990).€€The€trialÏjudge€has€full€discretion€to€determine€the€weight€given€to€each€factor,€as€long€as€itÏdoes€not€violate€the€principles€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act.€€òòIdóó.€(SentencingÏCommission€Comments).€Ìà àThe€Sentencing€Act€provides€that€the€trial€court€may€enhance€a€defendantððsÏsentence€if€ð ð[t]he€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€.€.€.€the€victim€[were]€particularlyÍgreat€.€.€.€.ðð€€€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(6)€(Supp.€1996).€€In€this€case,€however,Ïthe€only€evidence€of€physical€injury€to€B.C.€was€a€bruise€on€her€back€caused€by€aÏpart€of€the€seat€belt€sticking€up€between€the€seats,€a€fingernail€indentation€on€one€ofÏher€shoulders,€and€pain€in€one€shoulder.€€We€cannot€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€theÏinjuries€inflicted€upon€B.C.€were€particularly€great.€€In€reaching€that€conclusion,€weÏtake€note€that€ð ðrape€is€a€serious€offense€which€is€injurious€to€the€body€and€mind€of€aÏvictim€and€we€can€reasonably€conclude€that€such€harm€was€considered€by€theÏlegislature€in€its€decision€to€place€such€conduct€in€one€of€the€higher€felonyÏclassifications.ðð€€òòState€v.€Embryóó,€915€S.W.2d€451,€457€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€ÏAccordingly,€we€find€that€although€the€victim€suffered€injuries,€those€injuries€were€notÏð ðparticularly€greatðð€as€contemplated€by€the€statute€for€enhancement€purposes.€Ìà àThe€trial€court€also€found€the€enhancement€factor€that€ð ð[t]he€offense€involved€aÏvictim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€Since€pleasure€or€excitement€is€notÏan€essential€element€of€rape,€that€sentence€enhancement€factor€can€appropriately€beÏapplied,€if€proven€in€a€rape€case.€€The€State€has€the€burden€to€prove€that€the€rapeÏwas€sexually€motivated.€€òòAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€34„35.Ìà àWe€are€of€the€opinion€that€the€State€met€its€burden€of€proof€that€the€rape€wasÏsexually€motivated€to€gratify€the€Appellantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€TheÏAppellant€offered€B.C.€a€ride€from€the€V.F.W.€Club,€and€on€the€way€back€to€her€car,€heÍsuddenly€turned€into€an€industrial€area€and€drove€to€a€secluded€place.€€TheÏAppellant€then€started€kissing€and€fondling€the€victim,€and€even€though€she€resisted,Ïhe€continued€his€actions€and€made€statements€to€the€effect€that€they€were€going€ð ðtoÏhave€some€fun.ðð€€The€Appellant€then€lubricated€himself€and€B.C.,€using€lotion€and€hisÏown€saliva,€before€penetrating€B.C.€€Even€though€he€did€not€ejaculate,€he€continuedÏthe€sexual€intercourse€until€B.C.€screamed€that€she€could€not€breathe.€€We€find€thatÏthe€trial€court€appropriately€applied€this€enhancement€factor.Ìà àThe€Appellant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€considering€that€heÏhas€made€many€positive€contributions€to€his€community€as€a€mitigating€factor.€€In€thatÏrespect,€the€Appellant€argues€that€he€has€been€a€member€of€the€National€Guard€forÏtwelve€years,€that€he€volunteered€for€the€Governorððs€Inaugurations,€that€heÏparticipated€in€the€Jaycees€and€the€March€of€Dimes,€that€he€was€a€vocationalÏinstructor€at€Kilgore€High€School,€and€that€he€coached€T„ball€in€Dickson€County.€€Ìà àCommunity€service€or€contribution€is€not€included€in€the€list€of€mitigatingÏfactors€contained€in€the€Sentencing€Act.€€The€Act,€however,€provides€that€the€trialÏcourt€can€consider€ð ð[a]ny€other€factor€consistent€with€the€purposes€of€this€chapter.ðð€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13)€(1990).€€Therefore,€it€was€for€the€trial€courtððsÏdiscretion€whether€to€consider€the€Appellantððs€community€contributions€a€mitigatingÏcircumstance€and€the€weight€to€be€given€to€such€evidence.€€Considering€theÏseriousness€of€the€crime€of€rape,€we€do€not€find€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÍdiscretion€when€it€gave€the€Appellantððs€community€contributions€little€weight€as€aÏmitigating€factor.€€€Although€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€one€enhancementÏfactor,€we€nevertheless€conclude€that€the€Appellantððs€nine„year€sentence€isÏappropriate,€given€the€existing€enhancement€factor.Ìà àFor€the€reasons€stated€in€this€opinion,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€in€allÏrespects.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:Ì̛̜Ì__________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGE̛̜ÌÌ__________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE