ÿWPCä/ …U.V %„bŠŽ–n­¦S 0([U:ƒw@½4ý 0J 0 ™[ 0Dô 0T8 U:Œ 0^Æ 0h$ 0rŒ 0|þ 0†z 0 1u 0d BiB)†DC¯U*ò AM D3ißœf{ 0@áË!Bì(.VåÖìµÇç|Ec ò¨"v~š&vÓ( 0Të- AO?.ÆŽ. 0DT/ D/˜/ BÇ/<þ6X9`(CourierX ù3|xæ «<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular Ô EÕ Ö E× Ø DÙ DÚ DÛ UÜ beÝ Ó€Ô¡¨ ’ 2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(I(2¢m$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X+?XXXÔÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô, øð AZ"Arial Regular2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd< Œ 9p`(Arial€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ""""'ÿÿdxd ÕÝ ƒ !ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€(ÔÔ€(ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€(XÔÌÌJuly€30,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ÁÝ ƒ !ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝMs.€Shye€was€employed€as€a€clerk€of€the€market.€€Connie€ChapmanÏsometimes€cleaned€and€restocked€at€the€market€in€exchange€for€foodstuffs.€ÏChasity€Chapman€is€the€minor€daughter€of€Connie€Chapman,€who€was€helpingÏher€mother€on€the€date€in€question.Ì 8Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€evidence€supports€the€inference€that€the€gun€was€loaded€becauseÏthe€weapon€was€subsequently€fired€at€other€witnesses.Ì Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€aggravated€assault€of€Harold€King;Ïhowever,€the€Carters€testified€they€were€with€Joe€King.€€In€all€likelihood,€HaroldÏKing€and€Joe€King€are€the€same€individual.€€No€witness€with€the€last€name€ofÏKing€testified€at€trial,€and€the€state€dismissed€the€count€of€the€indictmentÏpertaining€to€aggravated€assault€of€Harold€King.Ì …Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝChasity€Chapman€may€have€identified€the€defendant€at€the€scene€asÏone€of€the€two€robbers,€as€well.€€The€record€is€somewhat€equivocal€as€toÏwhether€Miss€Chapman€was€still€at€the€market€at€this€point.Ì ýÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€appears€to€be€a€reference€to€Harold€King€and/or€Joe€King.Ì ÌÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWhether€such€an€allegation€is,€in€fact,€necessary€is€the€subject€of€òòStateÏv.€Roger€Dale€Hillóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,ÏJune€20,€1996),€òòperm.€to€appeal€grantedóó€(Tenn.€Jan.€6,€1997).€€The€supremeÏcourt€has€yet€to€issue€its€ruling.Ì ûÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThese€are€Miss€Chapman's€words,€not€those€of€the€prosecutor.Ì «Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝBoth€of€the€Chapmans€identified€the€defendant€as€one€of€the€men€whoÏrobbed€the€store,€as€well.€€Connie€Chapman€was€initially€equivocal€in€herÏidentification€at€trial€but€later€expressed€confidence€in€her€identification€of€theÏdefendant.Ì ÝÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€term€"multiple€offender"€as€used€by€the€defendant€refers€to€the€trialÏcourt's€classification€of€him€as€"an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÏextensive"€under€the€consecutive€sentencing€statute,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2)€(1990),€not€his€Range€II€sentencing€classification.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„106€(1990)€("Multiple€Offender").€€Although€both€classifications€areÏbased€on€a€defendant's€criminal€record,€the€application€of€one€does€notÏmandate€the€application€of€the€other€in€the€sentencing€process.€Ì ;Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€factual€basis€relied€on€by€theÏtrial€court€in€classifying€him€as€an€offender€with€an€extensive€record€of€criminalÏactivity,€that€is,€whether€his€criminal€record€is€"extensive"€under€the€consecutiveÏsentencing€statute.€€He€contends€only€that€the€classification€cannot€be€appliedÏto€him€because€he€was€convicted€of€inherently€dangerous€offenses.Ì èÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÔ€(ÔÒ  ÒÒ ° Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝòòGrayóó€enunciated€several€categories€of€individuals€for€whomÏconsecutive€sentencing€is€appropriate.€€For€the€most€part,€those€categories€wereÏincorporated€into€the€consecutive€sentencing€statute.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„115(b)€(1990)€and€Sentencing€Comm'n€Comments€(acknowledging€thatÏòòGrayóó€is€essentially€codified€in€section€40„35„115).€€Both€of€the€categoriesÏrelevant€to€this€opinion,€an€"offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÏextensive"€and€"a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÏregard€for€human€life,€and€[who€has]€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€inÏwhich€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high"€are€codified€versions€of€òòGrayóó€categories.€ÏòòCompareóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2)€and€(4)€(1990)€òòwithóó€òòGrayóó,€538ÏS.W.2d€at€393.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò(—8$——ÔªÔò òòòóóó óÔªÔ€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ќـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€(ÔßR€)+'A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌÌÑ€Ñò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌ€à@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌó óÌà@ àAPRIL€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà àó ó)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAppellee,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9604„CR„00141Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€Countyà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìò òMICHAEL€ANTHONY€REVLETTó óà àà à)à àHonorable€Thomas€H.ÏShriver,€Ì€ò òa/k/a€MIKE€REVLETTó óà àà àà à)à àJudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Robbery,Ìà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 à)à0 àAggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌJOHN€E.€RODGERS,€JR.à àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌFirst€American€CenterÌ315€Deaderick€St.,€Ste.€1230à àà àà àMERRILYN€FEIRMANÌNashville,€TN€€37238„1230à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,ÏIIIà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNICHOLAS€BAILEYÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€SquareÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€„€2d€Ave.,€Ste.€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37201„1649Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌCURWOOD€WITT€ÌJUDGEÌÌÌÑ€,ÑÇÑ7€ +? XXdðXXdÈ7ÑØØØØÙ  ÙÑ  ÑÑ  Ñà@ àò òOPINIONÌÌÓÓà àà àó óThe€defendant,€Michael€Anthony€Revlett€a/k/a€Mike€Revlett,€wasÏconvicted€following€a€jury€trial€of€aggravated€robbery€and€four€counts€ofÏaggravated€assault.€€The€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court,€Judge€Thomas€H.ÏShriver€presiding,€sentenced€the€defendant,€a€Range€II€offender,€to€nine€yearÏsentences€for€each€of€the€four€aggravated€assault€convictions,€to€be€servedÏconcurrently€to€each€other€but€consecutively€to€a€fifteen€year€sentence€for€theÏaggravated€robbery€conviction.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€the€defendant€alleges€(1)Ïthe€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€jury€to€consider€the€offense€of€aggravatedÏassault€on€two€counts€of€the€indictment€alleging€aggravated€robbery,€rather€thanÏdismissing€these€two€counts€of€the€indictment€outright,€(2)€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€convictions,€and€(3)€the€sentence€is€excessive.€€WeÏaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€evidence€is€largely€undisputed,€except€for€the€identification€ofÏthe€defendant€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€crimes.€€Based€upon€the€evidenceÏdeveloped€by€the€prosecution€at€trial,€on€October€1,€1994€at€sometime€betweenÏ7:00€and€7:30€p.m.,€two€men€entered€the€Money€Saver€Market€on€RobertsonÏRoad€in€Nashville.€€Candy€Shye,€Connie€Chapman€and€Chasity€Chapman€wereÍpresent€in€the€store.× ƒ. ××  ×€€One€of€the€men€positioned€himself€by€the€door€and€actedÏas€a€"lookout"€during€the€following€events.€€The€other€man€brandished€aÏhandgun€at€Connie€Chapman,€who€was€talking€on€the€telephone,€andÏthreatened€her.€€Paralyzed€with€fear,€Ms.€Chapman€fell€to€the€ground.€€The€gun„wielding€robber€then€demanded€that€Ms.€Shye€give€him€the€money€from€theÏcash€register.€€As€Ms.€Shye€opened€the€register,€the€gun„wielding€robber€pulledÏback€the€hammer€on€his€weapon,€which€he€was€holding€against€Ms.€Chapman'sÏhead.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€As€Ms.€Shye€complied€with€his€demands,€he€pointed€the€weapon€atÏeach€of€the€two€women€and€the€child.€€He€also€addressed€Ms.€Shye€and€theÏminor€Miss€Chapman€with€threatening,€profane€language,€explicitly€threateningÏto€kill€the€child.ÌÌà àà àAfter€Ms.€Shye€gave€the€gun„wielding€robber€about€$730€from€theÏregister,€both€robbers€fled€the€store€on€foot.€€Three€individuals€who€where€in€theÍparking€lot€outside€the€store,€John€Wayne€Carter,€Terri€Carter€and€Joe€King,× ƒ0 ××  ×Ïgave€chase€on€foot.€€During€the€course€of€the€chase,€the€robber€with€the€gun€toldÏthe€Carters€and€Mr.€King€to€get€back€and€fired€two€shots€in€their€direction.€€Ms.ÏCarter€and€Mr.€King€returned€to€the€store,€and€Mr.€Carter€briefly€retreated€inÏorder€to€get€his€bicycle.€€Mr.€Carter€resumed€chase€on€the€bicycle.€€WhileÏfollowing€the€fleeing€robbers,€he€saw€a€police€officer,€whom€he€testified€heÏflagged€down€and€informed€of€the€direction€taken€by€the€robbers.ÌÌà àà àBy€this€time,€law€enforcement€officers€had€responded€to€the€area€ofÏthe€crime€and€were€searching€for€the€robbers.€€Detective€Ed€Crouch€of€theÏMetropolitan€Police€Department€was€one€of€these€officers.€€While€he€wasÏsearching€the€area,€two€men€matching€a€description€of€the€robbers€ran€out€inÏfront€of€his€spotlight.€€He€observed€them€scale€a€fence,€and€he€subsequentlyÏfound€a€shirt€hanging€on€the€fence€and€another€shirt€on€a€picnic€table€near€theÏfence.€€He€was€unsure,€however,€whether€he€saw€the€men€going€over€the€fenceÏactually€losing€their€shirts€as€they€cleared€the€fence.€€Detective€CrouchÏforwarded€a€description€of€the€men€he€had€seen€over€his€police€radio.ÌÌà àà àThe€officers€on€the€scene€determined€that€the€suspects€were€likelyÏinside€the€premises€of€the€apartment€complex€where€Detective€Crouch€hadÏseen€them€jump€the€fence.€€The€officers€established€a€perimeter€around€theÏcomplex.€€While€maintaining€this€perimeter,€Officer€Tim€Sullivan€saw€theÏdefendant€walk€out€of€the€apartment€complex.€The€officer€observed€that€theÏdefendant€had€grass,€dirt€and€fresh,€bloody€scratches€on€his€shirtless€body.€€TheÏdefendant€was€also€sweaty,€hot€and€smelled€of€alcohol.€€The€defendant€toldÏOfficer€Sullivan€he€had€been€in€a€fight€with€his€girlfriend€and€had€been€droppedÏoff€at€the€apartment€complex.€€Based€on€the€defendant's€physical€appearanceÏand€his€similarity€to€the€description€given€by€Detective€Crouch,€Officer€SullivanÏsuspected€the€defendant€of€perpetrating€the€robbery.€€Officer€Sullivan€took€theÏdefendant€to€the€Money€Saver€Market,€where€he€was€identified€by€DetectiveÏCrouch€as€one€of€the€men€he€had€seen€run€into€his€spotlight€and€over€the€fence,Ïby€Connie€Chapman€and€Candy€Shye€as€the€gun„wielding€robber,× ƒ1 ××  ×€by€TerriÏCarter€as€the€man€who€shot€at€her€husband,€Joe€King€and€her,€and€by€"Mr.ÏHarold€Kind"× ƒ2 ××  ×€as€the€man€he€had€chased.ÌÌà àà àNo€second€suspect€was€ever€located.€€Likewise,€neither€a€weaponÏnor€any€money€was€ever€recovered.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€was€charged€in€a€six„count€indictment€with€(1)Ïaggravated€robbery€of€Candy€Shye,€(2)€aggravated€robbery€of€ConnieÏChapman,€(3)€aggravated€robbery€of€Chasity€Chapman,€(4)€aggravated€assaultÏof€John€Carter,€(4)€aggravated€assault€of€Terri€Carter,€and€(6)€aggravatedÏassault€of€Harold€King.€€€The€state€dismissed€count€six€of€the€indictment€on€theÏfirst€day€of€trial.€€€At€the€close€of€the€state's€evidence,€the€court€granted€theÏdefendant's€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€on€counts€two€and€three€as€to€theÏcharged€offenses€of€aggravated€robbery,€reasoning€that€the€state€had€failed€toÏprove€that€either€of€the€Chapmans€was€robbed€because€nothing€was€taken€fromÏthem.€€The€court€ruled,€however,€the€jury€could€consider€the€offense€ofÏaggravated€assault€on€each€of€these€two€counts.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€did€not€testify.€€Cindy€Lepley€testified€her€youngerÏbrother,€the€defendant,€was€with€her€all€day.€€During€this€time,€she€and€theÏdefendant€sealed€her€wood€deck.€€She€testified€the€scratches€on€theÏdefendant's€body€were€consistent€with€injuries€the€defendant€may€haveÍreceived€while€sealing€the€deck,€and€further,€these€injuries€were€consistent€withÏthose€he€may€have€received€while€doing€production€work€at€a€job€she€hadÏassisted€him€in€obtaining€a€few€days€earlier.€€Additionally,€she€testified€theÏdefendant€might€have€gotten€grass€and€dirt€in€his€hair€when€he€was€underneathÏthe€deck.€€Ms.€Lepley€also€testified€she€and€the€defendant€were€at€a€storeÏbuying€their€third€12„pack€of€beer€of€the€day€when€the€defendant€saw€a€womanÏhe€knew€and€decided€to€leave€with€her.€€This€was€about€6:25€or€6:30€p.m.€€OnÏcross„examination,€Ms.€Lepley€admitted€she€did€not€remember€actuallyÏobserving€scratches€on€her€brother's€body€or€grass€and€dirt€in€his€hair.€€SheÏalso€admitted€she€had€two€prior€convictions€for€robbery.ÌÌà àà àà@ àò òIó óÌà àà àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€inÏallowing€the€jury€to€consider€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault€on€two€counts€ofÏthe€indictment€alleging€aggravated€robbery,€rather€than€dismissing€these€twoÏcounts€of€the€indictment€outright.€€The€defendant€argues€aggravated€assaultÏcannot€be€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€robbery€as€alleged€in€countsÏtwo€and€three€of€the€indictment€because€there€is€no€allegation€the€defendantÏintentionally€or€knowingly€caused€the€victims€reasonable€fear€of€imminent€bodilyÏinjury.ÌÌà àà àAn€offense€is€generally€considered€to€be€a€lesser€included€offenseÏof€a€charged€offense€if€the€elements€of€the€included€offense€consist€of€some,€butÏnot€all,€of€the€elements€of€the€charged€offense€and€if€commission€of€the€greaterÏoffense€does€not€occur€without€commission€of€the€lesser€offense.€€òòState€v.ÏTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996)€(citation€omitted).€€Moreover,€lesserÏincluded€offenses€are€distinguished€from€lesser€grade€offenses,€the€latter€beingÏestablished€by€statute.€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310„11.€€In€this€case,€the€relevantÏindictments€allegeÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓÓMICHAEL€ANTHONY€REVLETT€a.k.a.€MIKE€REVLETT€on€the€1stÏday€of€October,€1994,€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee€.€.€.€Ïintentionally,€or€knowingly€did€take€from€the€person€of€[victim]Ïcertain€property,€to€wit:€United€States€currency€of€value€by€violenceÏor€putting€[victim]€in€fear;€the€robbery€accomplished€with€a€deadlyÏweapon€or€by€the€displaying€of€any€article€used€or€fashioned€toÏlead€[victim]€to€reasonably€believe€the€article€to€be€a€deadlyÏweapon€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„402,Ïand€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓAn€aggravated€assault€is€committed€where€a€criminal€actor€"[i]ntentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury"€and€"usesÏor€displays€a€deadly€weapon."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„101(a)(2)€(1991)€andÏ39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€(Supp.€1996).€€In€this€case,€the€indictment€sufficientlyÏalleges€the€essential€elements€of€aggravated€assault.€€As€the€supreme€court€hasÏrecognized,€the€words€"putting€the€person€in€fear"€in€the€robbery€statute€shouldÍbe€construed€to€make€assault€a€lesser€included€offense€of€robbery.€€òòJames€v.ÏStateóó,€215€Tenn.€221,€225,€385€S.W.2d€86,€88€(1964)€(construing€predecessorÏto€current€Criminal€Code).€€Moreover,€the€defendant's€complaint€that€theÏindictment€must€fail€because€it€fails€to€allege€intent€or€knowledge€is€clearlyÏunfounded.€€The€language€of€the€indictment€includes€the€words€"intentionally"Ïand€€"knowingly."× ƒ3 ××  ×€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òIIó óÌà àà àIn€his€second€issue,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€convicting€evidence.€€Specifically,€he€attacks€the€soundness€of€theÏidentification€procedure€based€on€an€allegation€the€assistant€district€attorneyÏtainted€the€state's€witnesses'€recollections€of€the€defendant's€identity€byÏshowing€them€pictures€of€the€defendant€just€before€trial.€€Contrary€to€theÏrequirements€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€the€defendant€cites€noÏauthority€in€support€of€this€argument.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7).€ÏConsequently,€he€has€waived€consideration€of€this€issue.€€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.ÏR.€10(b).ÌÌà àà àNotwithstanding€the€appellant's€waiver€of€this€issue,€we€note€that€itÏis€without€merit.€€Candy€Shye€testified€she€and€the€Chapmans€met€with€theÏprosecuting€assistant€district€attorney€general€on€the€Saturday€prior€to€trial.€€Ms.ÏShye€recalled€that€the€prosecutor€had€photographs€in€his€folder€but€he€did€notÏshow€them€to€her€nor€did€she€look€at€them.€Connie€Chapman€testified€theÏprosecutor€had€photos€in€his€folder€and€she€briefly€glanced€at€them,€although€heÏnever€took€them€out€to€show€them€to€her.€€Chasity€Chapman€testified€theÏprosecutor€showed€her€a€photograph€of€"the€man€who€robbed€the€store"× ƒ4 ××  ×€butÏshe€did€not€think€her€mother€or€Ms.€Shye€saw€it.€€Significantly,€there€is€noÏevidence€Ms.€Shye€looked€at€the€photographs,€and€she€unequivocally€identifiedÏthe€defendant€at€trial.× ƒ5 ××  ×€€Likewise,€the€defendant€was€positively€identified€on€theÏnight€of€the€robbery€by€Ms.€Shye,€Connie€Chapman,€Terri€Carter,€"Harold€Kind"Ïand€possibly€Chasity€Chapman€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€state,€as€we€are€required€to€do,€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99ÏS.€Ct.€2781,€2791„92€(1979),€we€would€find€this€issue€without€merit€if€it€wasÍproperly€before€us.ÌÌà@ àò òIIIó óÌà àà àIn€his€final€appellate€issue,€the€defendant€complains€of€anÏexcessive€sentence.€€The€defendant,€a€Range€II€offender,€was€given€an€effectiveÏ24€year€sentence€„„€four€concurrent€nine€year€sentences€for€each€of€theÏaggravated€assault€convictions,€to€be€served€consecutively€to€a€15€yearÏsentence€for€the€aggravated€robbery€conviction.€€The€defendant€contends€he€isÏnot€a€proper€candidate€for€consecutive€sentencing.ÌÌà àà àIn€general,€consecutive€sentencing€may€be€imposed€in€theÏdiscretion€of€the€trial€court€upon€a€determination€that€one€or€more€of€theÏfollowing€criteria€exist:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ(1)à0 àThe€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowinglyÏdevoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€ofÏlivelihood;ÌÌ(2)à0 àThe€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminalÏactivity€is€extensive;ÌÌ(3)à0 àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€soÏdeclared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€aÏresult€of€an€investigation€prior€to€sentencing€that€theÏdefendant's€criminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€aÏpattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€with€heedlessÏindifference€to€consequences;ÌÌ(4)à0 àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behaviorÏindicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitationÏabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€isÏhigh;ÌÌ(5)à0 àThe€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutoryÏoffenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€withÏconsideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arising€fromÏthe€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€orÏvictims,€the€time€span€of€defendant's€undetected€sexualÏactivity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€and€theÏextent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€theÏvictim€or€victims;ÌÌ(6)à0 àThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€whileÏon€probation;€orÌÌ(7)à0 àThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)€(1990).€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€he€is€not€a€proper€candidate€forÏconsecutive€sentencing.€€He€says€he€cannot€be€considered€a€"multipleÏoffender"× ƒ6 ××  ×€under€Code€section€40„35„115(b)(2)€or€a€"dangerous€offender"€underÍCode€section€40„35„115(b)(4)€because€the€inherent€danger€of€the€crimes€forÏwhich€he€was€sentenced€has€already€been€incorporated€into€the€criminal€codeÏin€establishing€the€range€of€punishment€for€these€crimes.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€However,€the€trialÏcourt€declined€to€apply€the€dangerous€offender€category€to€the€defendant€andÏinstead€found€consecutive€sentencing€appropriate€based€upon€the€defendant'sÏextensive€record€of€criminal€activity.€€The€state€has€not€challenged€the€trialÏcourt's€rejection€of€the€dangerous€offender€category.€€Thus,€we€limit€ourÏconsideration€solely€to€whether€consecutive€sentencing€is€appropriate€underÏCode€section€40„35„115(b)(2)€where€the€defendant€has€an€extensive€record€ofÏcriminal€activity.ÌÌà àà àAs€the€defendant€correctly€points€out,€the€supreme€court€in€òòState€v.ÏGrayóó€saidÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓÓEven€though€armed€robbery€is€a€dangerous€offense,€there€areÏincreased€penalties€for€that€crime.€The€decision€to€imposeÏconsecutive€sentences€when€crimes€inherently€dangerous€areÏinvolved€should€be€based€upon€the€presence€of€aggravatingÏcircumstances€and€not€merely€on€the€fact€that€two€or€moreÏdangerous€crimes€were€committed.ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓòòState€v.€Grayóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976).€€This€language€from€òòGrayóó€isÏtaken€from€the€court's€discussion€of€"dangerous€offenders,"€a€classificationÏidentical€to€current€Code€section€40„35„115(b)(4).€€€Again,€the€defendant€in€thisÏcase€was€not€consecutively€sentenced€under€that€subsection€of€the€Code.€€AsÏthe€quoted€passage€illustrates,€the€very€argument€advanced€by€the€defendantÏwas€considered€by€the€supreme€court€in€defining€when€a€dangerous€offenderÏmay€be€consecutively€sentenced.€€Rather€than€allowing€wholesale€consecutiveÏsentencing€of€dangerous€offenders€who€are€already€subject€to€lengthy€terms€forÏthe€commission€of€inherently€dangerous€crimes,€the€òòGrayóó€court€endorsedÏconsecutive€sentencing€only€where€aggravating€circumstances€exist.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€òòGrayóó€court€went€on€to€hold:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÒ  ÒÓÓHowever,€[the€failure€to€find€aggravating€circumstances€as€relatedÏto€a€dangerous€offender]€does€not€preclude€the€trial€court€fromÏimposing€consecutive€sentencing€for€the€commission€ofÏdangerous€offenses€where€no€aggravating€circumstances€areÏpresent€if€evidence€indicates€that€the€defendant€should€beÏsentenced€under€one€of€the€other€classifications.× ƒ8 ××  ×€ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓòòGrayóó,€538€S.W.2d€at€393„94.€€In€the€case€at€bar,€the€court€did€precisely€whatÏòòGrayóó€allows€„„€failing€to€find€the€defendant€a€dangerous€offender,€the€courtÏnevertheless€imposed€consecutive€sentences€through€another€classification€forÏwhich€consecutive€sentencing€was€appropriate.€€Accordingly,€we€reject€theÏdefendant's€argument€that€a€"multiple€offender"€under€Code€section€40„35„115(b)(2)€convicted€of€two€or€more€inherently€dangerous€crimes€is€not€eligibleÏfor€consecutive€sentencing.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€conclusion,€we€fail€to€find€merit€in€any€of€the€issues€presented€byÏthe€defendant.€€We€affirm€the€defendant's€convictions€and€the€sentenceÏimposed€on€him€by€the€trial€court.ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE