ÿWPCï& …# VUNa %¯ 0 (µ4ÝñU: b: 0‹B 0DÍ   ! w$) M U 0J] 0T§ n­û ¨ ° 0^¸ 0h 0r~ Bð 0|  0†‰ 0 1uŸ D3 0dG 0@«U>ëU*)B)SDC| AM¿é 1õ@& f{r ív~ùvÓw AOJ%Æ™% 0D_& D/£& BÒ&˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡Úƒç"x @ d3|xÔ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù-(;(20$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó('Ã$òòÚ  Ú2Ú  Úóó0—˜[™šD›DœDžŸY ¡D¢£¤¥Y¦§¨D©ª«D¬e­±e²³D´µD¶·¸D¹ºD»¼e½¾D¿DÀDÁÂDÃÄÓ€ÐDÑDÒDÓUÔî2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô !"&'( ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)$$$$'ÿÿdxdP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d88887Border 1dd€-9Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ßÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÔ€7ÔÔ€7ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€7XÔÌÌò òJuly€16,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€7ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó 'Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€7ÔPrice€was€not€hit€but€did€receive€injuries€from€splintering€wood€caused€by€the€twoÏgunshot€blasts.€€€Ì 6Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€7ÔRule€43€states€that€whenever€a€defendant,€initially€present,€voluntarily€is€absent€after€theÏtrial€has€commenced€implicitly€waives€the€right€to€be€present.€€We€note€that€the€language€"after€theÏtrial€has€commenced"€found€in€Rule€43€is€included€to€insure€the€accused€knew€of€the€time€andÏplace€of€the€proceedings€against€him€or€her.€€In€this€case€the€appellant€sat€in€court€until€juryÏselection€was€to€begin.€€He€obviously€knew€the€trial€was€to€commence€shortly.€€It€would€beÏanomalous€to€hold€that€a€defendant€cannot€waive€his€right€to€be€present€during€voir€direÏquestioning€but€can€waive€that€right€during€witness€testimony.€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÔ€7ÔÔ€7ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€7XÔÌÌò òJuly€16,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€7ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó qÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€7ÔÔ€7ôÔà àÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIn›€pertinent€part,€Rule€43,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.,€provides€the€following:ÌÌÓ  Óà8 àà àòò(a)€Presence€Requiredóó.€€Unless€excused€by€the€court€upon€defendantððs€motion,€the€defendantÏshall€be€present€at€the€arraignment,€at€every€stage€of€the€trial€including€the€impaneling€of€€the€jury€and€theÏreturn€of€the€verdict,€and€at€the€imposition€of€sentence,€except€as€otherwise€provided€by€this€rule.ÌÌà8 àà àòò(b)€Continued€Presence€Not€Requiredóó.€€The€further€progress€of€the€trial€to€and€including€theÏreturn€of€the€verdict€and€imposition€of€sentence€shall€not€be€prevented€and€the€defendant€shall€be€consideredÏto€have€waived€the€right€to€be€present€whenever€a€defendant,€initially€present:€ÌÌà8 àà à(1)€voluntarily€is€absent€after€the€trial€has€commenced€(whether€or€not€he€or€she€has€beenÏinformed€by€the€court€of€the€obligation€to€remain€during€the€trial)€.€.€.€.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€6ÔÝ  ÝÔ€7ÔÔ€7ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€7XÔÌÌò òJuly€16,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€7ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€6ÔÝ  Ý›Ò 4 ÒÒ ° ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€7ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÞ ÞÌà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ€ÙßR€:;9A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›ÌÓ ` ܆XDp”X Óà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€à à€€€€àQ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÓ` °‡XDp”XÓà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ààQ àà àNOVEMBER€1996€SESSIONó óÌÌÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` DÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ DÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9512„CR„00410€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellee,à à)Ìà àà à)€Hamilton€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Honorable€Russell€C.€Hinson,€JudgeÌò òà àó óà à)ò òÌMARCUS€ANTHONY€ROBINSON,ó óà à)€(Attempted€Aggravated€Robbery)à àà à)€€Ì€€€€€€€€€à àAppellant.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌRobert€D.€Lawson,€Jr.à àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€ÌSuite€200€Market€Court€Ì537€Market€Streetà àTImothy€F.€BehanÌChattanooga,€TN€37402„1225à àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àGary€D.€GerbitzÌà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àLeland€DavisÌà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àDavid€DennyÌà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àCourts€BuildingÌà à600€Market€StreetÌà àChattanooga,€TN€37402Ìà àÌà àÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òREVERSED€IN€PART;€AFFIRMED€IN€PARTÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌò òÔ  ÔÓ ` ¸ pÓÔ  Ôà àà ààQ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓÓà àÌÑ „ ÑÑ  ÑÑ7€]XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ Ñà àThe€appellant,€Marcus€Anthony€Robinson,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€ofÏattempted€aggravated€robbery€and€aggravated€assault.€€He€was€sentenced€toÏsix€years€incarceration€on€each€conviction.€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€runÏconsecutively€for€an€effective€sentence€of€twelve€years.€€On€appeal€he€raises€theÏfollowing€issues€for€our€review:€€1)€€whether€he€was€improperly€convicted€of€bothÏattempted€aggravated€robbery€and€aggravated€assault;€€2)€whether€the€stateÏimproperly€excluded€a€juror€on€the€basis€of€race;€€3)€€whether€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€failing€to€sever€his€trial€from€that€of€his€codefendants;€and€€4)€€whetherÏthe€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€him€to€be€tried€òòin€absentiaóó.€€Upon€review,€weÏreverse€in€part€and€affirm€in€part.€€ÌÌÓ  ÓFACTSÌÓ  ÓÌà àAn€employee€of€Mack€Oil€in€Chattanooga,€Franklin€Price,€€was€workingÏoutside€when€the€appellant€and€his€accomplice€approached€the€gas€station.€ÍThe€appellant€wanted€to€purchase€a€pack€of€cigarettes.€€Simultaneously,€a€carÏpulled€into€the€gas€station.€€The€driver€of€the€car€also€wanted€to€purchaseÏcigarettes.€€Price€gave€the€driver€cigarettes€and€took€his€money.€€As€PriceÏwalked€towards€the€store€to€make€change€for€the€driver,€the€appellant'sÏaccomplice€attempted€to€take€the€cash€in€his€hand.€€Price€was€armed.€€As€heÏstruggled€to€maintain€his€hold€on€the€cash,€he€fell€to€the€ground€just€inside€theÏstation's€doorway.€€The€appellant€entered€the€store€and€fired€two€shots€at€Price.× ƒ< ××  ×€€ÏThe€appellant€and€his€accomplice€fled€on€foot.€€The€employee€fired€severalÏshots€at€the€fleeing€robbers.€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€was€found€at€the€hospital€suffering€from€a€gunshot€wound.€ÏHis€accomplice€was€also€arrested;€he€had€been€shot€in€the€chest.€€Both€theÏappellant€and€his€accomplice€stated€they€were€shot€while€trying€to€buyÏcigarettes.ÌÌÓ  ÓIÌÌÓ  Óà àIn€his€first€issue€the€appellant€contends€that€he€was€improperly€convictedÏof€both€attempted€aggravated€robbery€and€aggravated€assault.€€The€appellantÏwas€charged€by€presentment€with€attempted€aggravated€robbery.€€He€wasÏindicted€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€The€jury€was€charged€that€it€couldÍconvict€the€appellant€of€aggravated€assault,€a€lesser€included€offense€ofÏattempted€first€degree€murder.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€aggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€includedÏoffense€of€attempted€aggravated€robbery€and,€therefore,€the€aggravated€assaultÏconviction€should€have€been€merged€into€the€conviction€for€attemptedÏaggravated€robbery.€€€The€state€concedes€that€the€appellant's€conviction€forÏaggravated€assault€cannot€stand.€€It,€however,€avers€that€the€conviction€cannotÏstand€because€aggravated€assault€is€not€a€lesser€included€offense€nor€a€lesserÏgrade€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€Therefore,€the€state€concedes€that€theÏappellant€was€convicted€and€sentenced€for€an€offense€for€which€he€was€neverÏcharged.€€We€agree.€€ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€our€Supreme€Court€held€that€aggravated€assault€is€notÏa€lesser€grade€or€lesser€included€offense€of€the€inchoate€crime€of€attempted€firstÏdegree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€312€(Tenn.€1996).€€InÏTennessee,€because€a€lawful€accusation€is€a€prerequisite€to€jurisdiction,€aÏprosecution€cannot€proceed€without€an€indictment€that€sufficiently€informs€theÏaccused€of€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2dÏ796,€797€(Tenn.€1979).€€€A€defendant€cannot€be€legally€convicted€of€an€offenseÏwhich€is€not€charged€in€the€indictment€or€which€is€not€a€lesser€included€offenseÏof€the€indicted€charge.€€òòState€v.€Lampkinóó,€619€S.W.2d€520€(Tenn.€1981).€ÏMoreover,€a€conviction€based€on€an€unindicted€charge€is€a€nullity.€€òòWarden€v.ÍStateóó,€381€S.W.2d€244,€246€(Tenn.€1964).€€€€Therefore,€the€appellant'sÏconviction€for€aggravated€assault€is€reversed€and€dismissed.Ì€€€€€€ÌÓ  ÓIIÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€state€improperly€excluded€a€Ïmember€of€the€jury€venire€based€solely€on€race€in€violation€of€the€equalÏprotection€clause.€€The€state€asserts€that€its€reasons€for€excluding€the€juror€wereÏneutral€and€not€racially€motivated.€€It€claims€the€juror€was€excluded€because€heÏwas€familiar€with€the€area€where€the€crime€occurred€and€that€his€close€friendÏhad€been€murdered€three€weeks€prior€to€the€trial.€€ÌÌà àIn€òòBatson€v.€Kentuckyóó,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÏprosecutor's€use€of€peremptory€challenges€to€intentionally€exclude€jurors€of€theÏdefendant's€race€violated€his€equal€protection€rights€under€the€FourteenthÏAmendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution.€€476€U.S.€79€(1986);€€òòSeeóó€òòTenn.Ïconst.€óóart.€I,€ðð€9.€€Also,€in€òòBatsonóó,€the€Supreme€Court€established€a€three„stepÏprocess€to€enable€a€trial€court€to€determine€the€validity€of€an€equal€protectionÏchallenge€to€the€state's€exercise€of€its€peremptory€challenges.€€Under€thisÏprocess,€the€defendant€must€first€make€a€prima€facie€case€showing€that€the€stateÏpurposefully€discriminated€against€a€prospective€juror€of€the€defendant's€race.€ÏòòIdóó.€at€97.€€Second,€the€burden€then€shifts€to€the€state€to€come€forward€with€aÏrace„neutral€reason€for€striking€the€juror€in€question.€€òòIdóó.€€This€explanation€mustÏbe€more€than€an€assumption€that€jurors€of€the€defendant's€race€will€be€partial€toÍhim€simply€because€of€racial€sameness.€€òòIdóó.€€On€the€other€hand,€the€explanationÏneed€not€rise€to€the€level€justifying€a€challenge€for€cause.€€òòIdóó.€€Third,€the€trialÏcourt€must€then€determine€whether€the€state€engaged€in€unconstitutionalÏpurposeful€discrimination€in€violation€of€the€defendant's€equal€protection€rights€ÏòòIdóó.€at€98.€€€€The€core€issue€is€the€prosecutor's€discriminatory€intent.€€The€trialÏcourt's€finding€"largely€will€turn€on€evaluation€of€credibility."€€òòIdóó.€€€ÌÌà àWe€find€no€error€in€the€trial€court's€exclusion€of€the€prospective€juror.€€€ÏThe€state€articulated€a€sound€reason€for€its€use€of€a€peremptory€challenge€of€theÏjuror.€€Nothing€in€the€record€reveals€a€discriminatory€intent€to€exclude€African„Americans€from€the€appellant's€jury.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÌÓ  ÓIIIÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€allowÏseverance€of€his€trial€from€that€of€a€codefendant.€€He€claims€that€hisÏcodefendantððs€statement,€which€was€redacted€and€read€to€the€jury,€incriminatedÏhim€in€violation€of€òòBruton€v.€United€Statesóó,€391€U.S.€123€(1968).€€The€state€aversÏthat€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€Rule€14(c)(1)(ii)€allows€a€joint€trial€if€the€codefendant'sÏstatement€has€been€altered€so€that€all€references€to€the€defendant€have€beenÏdeleted.€€The€state€claims€it€has€precisely€complied€with€Rule€14.€€€€ÌÌà àIn€òòBrutonóó,€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€admission€at€a€joint€trial€of€aÏcodefendant's€confession€implicating€the€defendant€constituted€prejudicial€errorÍeven€though€the€trial€court€gave€an€instruction€that€the€confession€could€only€beÏused€against€the€codefendant€and€must€be€disregarded€with€respect€to€theÏdefendant.€€€Post„òòBrutonóó€cases€make€it€clear,€however,€that€the€rule€in€òòBrutonóóÏdoes€not€apply€€to€confessions€which€do€not€implicate€the€œnonconfessing›Ïdefendant.€€Also,€òòBrutonóó€does€not€apply€to€confessions€from€which€allÏreferences€to€the€moving€defendant€have€been€effectively€deleted,€providedÏthat,€as€deleted,€the€confession€will€not€prejudice€the€moving€defendant.€€€òòUnitedÏStates€v.€Alvarezóó,€€519€F.2d€1052€(œ3d›€Cir.€1975);€òòWhite€v.€Stateóó,€€497€S.W.2dÏ751€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973);€€òòTaylor€v.€Stateóó,€493€S.W.2d€477€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1972).€€€€ÌÌà àUpon€review€of€the€record,€we€find€no€error€in€the€trial€court's€refusal€to€Ïsever€the€appellant's€and€his€codefendant's€trial.€€The€references€to€theÏappellant€in€his€codefendant's€statement,€as€read€to€the€jury,€were€completelyÏdeleted.€€Nothing€in€the€statement€implicated€the€appellant.€€We€find€that€the€trialÏcourt€did€not€abuse€its€discretion.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÓ  ÓÌIVÌÓ  ÓÌà àIn€his€final€issue,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committedÏreversible€error€when€it€elected€to€try€the€appellant€òòin€absentiaóó.€€The€state€aversÏthat€the€appellant€voluntarily€left€and€in€so€doing€waived€his€right€to€be€present.€€ÌÌà àThis€Court€has€held€that€"an€accused€who€has€notice€of€the€time€andÏplace€of€the€trial€and€of€his€right€to€attend,€and€who€nonetheless€voluntarilyÏabsents€himself,€will€be€deemed€to€have€waived€his€right€to€be€present."€€òòStateÏv.€Kirkóó,€699€S.W.2d€814,€819€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€€43.× ƒ= ××  ×€€€ÌÌà àThe€record€reveals€that€just€before€jury€voir€dire€began,€a€jury„out€hearingÏwas€conducted.€€The€appellant€stepped€out€of€the€courtroom€and€left€theÏbuilding.€€A€search€was€conducted€but€the€appellant€was€not€located.€€The€trialÏcourt€found€that€the€appellant€had€willfully€waived€his€right€to€be€present€andÏproceeded€with€the€trial.€€We€find€nothing€in€the€record€to€indicate€the€trial€judgeÏabused€his€discretion.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant's€aggravated€assault€conviction€is€reversed.€€HisÏconviction€for€attempted€aggravated€robbery€is€affirmed.€€Ìœ›ÓÓÓ ` °§XÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌœ›ÌÌœ_________________________›ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌœ›ÌÌœ_________________________›ÌJOHN€K.€BYERS,€œSenior€JudgeÌÌ›Ñ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÑ7€¿½XXdæXXdì7Ñ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌœßJ€:>;+'b|` Å `€@ÿJß›à@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€NOVEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à€€€)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à€€€)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à€€€)à àNo.€03C01„9512„CR„00410Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à€€€)Ìà àà àà àà à€€€)à à€Hamilton€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à€€€)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à€€€)à à€Honorable€Russell€C.€Hinson,€Judge€Ìà àà àà àà à€€€)ÌMARCUS€ANTHONY€ROBINSON,€€)à à€(Attempted€Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àà àà àà à€€€)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à€€€)ÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àò òòòCONCURRING€OPINIONóóó óÌÌà àI€concur€in€the€majority€opinion.€€I€only€add€that€the€federal€cases€upon€whichÏour€court€in€òòState€v.€Kirkóó,€699€S.W.2d€814€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985),€based€itsÍinterpretation€of€our€Rule€œ43,× ƒ? ××  ×›€given€its€similarity€to€the€federal€Rule€43,€have€all€beenÏoverruled€by€the€United€States€Supreme€Court.€€ÌÌà àIn€òòCrosby€v.€United€Statesóó,€113€S.€Ct.€748€(1993),€the€defendant€did€not€appearÏon€the€date€of€his€trial€nor€could€he€be€found.€€Evidence€indicated€that€he€had€ð ðcleanedÏoutðð€his€house€and€absconded€the€previous€evening.€€The€district€court€held€that€theÏdefendant€waived€his€right€to€be€present€and€proceeded€to€try€him€in€absentia€with€hisÏthree€remaining€codefendants.€€In€reversing€the€defendantððs€convictions,€a€unanimousÏSupreme€Court€held€that€the€ð ðlanguage,€history,€and€logic€of€Rule€43€support€aÏstraightforward€interpretation€that€prohibits€the€trial€òòinóó€òòabsentiaóó€of€a€defendant€who€isÏnot€present€at€the€beginning€of€trial.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€753.€€ÌÌà àThus,€in€the€appropriate€case,€the€òòKirkóó€analysis€may€need€to€be€revisited,€butÏthis€is€not€that€case.€€The€record€reflects€that€the€defendant€was€in€the€courtroom€on€theÏday€of€trial€and€was€advised€with€the€other€participants€by€the€trial€judge€that€juryÏselection€would€proceed€after€a€short€recess.€€The€venire€of€prospective€jurors€heardÍpreliminary€comments€from€the€trial€judge€and€then€were€removed€from€the€courtroom.€ÏThe€trial€judge€then€asked€for€the€various€defendants€to€return,€at€which€time€theÏdefendantððs€disappearance€was€noticed.€€The€jury€venire€then€returned€to€theÏcourtroom.€€During€the€short€time€that€the€venire€was€not€in€the€courtroom,€the€trialÏjudge€and€counsel€discussed€the€positioning€of€the€jurors,€including€alternates,€Ìin€the€jury€box.ÌÌà àIn€òòCrosbyóó,€the€Supreme€Court€stated€that€the€beginning€of€trial€is€a€ð ðplausibleÏplaceðð€at€which€to€draw€the€line€in€determining€the€point€that€costs€of€delay€are€likely€toÏoutweigh€the€interest€of€the€defendant€and€society€in€having€the€defendant€present.€Ï113€S.€Ct.€at€752.€€Also,€it€believed€that€the€defendantððs€initial€presence€at€trial€servedÏto€assure€that€the€defendantððs€flight€would€indeed€reflect€a€knowing€waiver€of€presenceÏwith€an€understanding€of€the€consequences€of€absence.€€òòId.óó€€I€believe€that€theseÏconsiderations€have€been€met€in€the€present€case€and€that€the€record€reflects€sufficientÏcompliance€with€Rule€43€to€allow€the€trial€judge,€in€his€discretion,€to€proceed€with€theÏdefendantððs€trial€in€absentia.€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓò òÓ  ÓœIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌœßJ€:@;+'b|` Å `€@ÿJß›AT€KNOXVILLEÌNOVEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€œ03C01„9612„CR„00410›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à àœHAMILTON›€€COUNTYà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€œRUSSELL€C.€HINSON,›€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌœMARCUS€ANTHONY€ROBINSON,›à à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ(Attempted€Aggravated€Robbery)›€Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà àœ)€€€€€€€€›ÌÌÌÌœò òòòÓ  ÓCONCURRING€OPINIONóóó óÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àI€concur€in€each€of€of€my€colleaguesðð€opinions:€€in€Judge€Summers€becauseÏit€properly€addresses€and€decides€the€issue€raised,€in€Judge€Tiptonððs€because€theÏopinion€of€the€Court€in€òòState€v.€Kirkóó,€699€S.W.2d€814€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985)Ïshould,€in€the€proper€case,€be€considered€in€light€of€òòCrosby€v.€United€Statesóó,€113ÏS.Ct.€748€(1993).›ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó€Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€K.€Byers,€Senior€JudgeÌ̛̜œÔ€ÔÔ€Ô›