ÿWPCÕ< …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Õ 0Dõ 0J9 0Tƒ 0^× 0h5 0r 0| 0†‹ 0 1u¡ 0dU*zB)¤ BÍDCê AM-¬z!&®GyõOno½,³¼# D3o%§¢%«I( 0@ô)"4*ƒV,Ù.v~ß3vÓ]5 AO0;Æ; 0DE< D/‰< B¸<, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ [E\]E^_E`abDcdÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|xm(Ð(3\—$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝÑ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€¬õXXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¢Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌDe…cemberÏ30,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À¬õXXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAs€a€matter€of€policy,€this€court€does€not€name€minors€involved€in€sexual€abuse€but,Ïinstead,€uses€their€initials.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1989).€€The€victim€in€the€instant€case€was€four€years€old€when€the€incidents€of€abuse€began.€€HeÏwas€nine€years€old€at€the€time€of€trial.Ì ¤Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAt€the€time€of€the€appellantððs€trial,€Ms.€Schmucker€was€divorced€from€the€appellant€andÏhad€remarried.Ì oÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóMs.€Schmucker€testified€that,€prior€to€her€involvement€with€the€appellant,€she€hadÏgenerally€allowed€AM€to€visit€his€father,€except€during€those€periods€when€AMððs€father€wasÏexperiencing€problems€with€drugs€or€alcohol.€€She€testified€that€she€and€the€victimððs€father€haveÏnever€fought€about€visitation.Ì EÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Majusick€conceded€that€the€appellant€took€the€victim€fishingÏand€camping,€and€worked€in€the€garden€with€him.€€Moreover,€she€stated€that,€while€she€lived€at€Ms.ÏSchmuckerððs€home,€she€never€observed€the€appellant€sexually€abuse€the€victim.Ì eÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóMs.€Majusick€testified€on€cross„examination€that,€on€many€of€these€occasions,€she€wasÏpresent€in€the€house,€but€was€asleep€in€her€bedroom.€€Ms.€Schmucker€similarly€testified€that€eitherÏshe€or€Ms.€Majusick€were€often€present,€but€asleep,€in€the€house€when€the€appellant€was€at€homeÏwith€the€victim.Ì †Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóMs.€Schmucker€confirmed€that,€after€the€appellant€moved€in€with€her,€ð ð[AM]€liked€to€runÏaround€and€pinch€„€and€pinch€your€bottom€and€then€he€would€talk€about€boobs,€which€he€wouldÏcall€tits.ðð€€Ms.€Schmucker€testified€that,€when€AM€was€approximately€three€years€old,€she€hadÏinstructed€him€that€he€should€not€permit€people€to€touch€certain€places€on€his€body,€including€ð ðhisÏbutt€...€[and]€his€penis,€we€called€it€ððworm.ðððð€€Ms.€Schmucker€additionally€stated€that,€in€order€to€goÏto€the€bathroom€at€night,€AM€had€to€pass€through€his€motherððs€room.€€She€discovered€that,€on€twoÏoccasions,€AM€had€observed€her€and€the€appellant€during€sexual€intercourse.€€The€house€wasÏdark€on€these€occasions.€€Ms.€Schmucker€finally€testified€that€the€appellant€rented€X„rated€videos.€ÏHowever,€to€her€knowledge,€AM€never€viewed€these€films.Ì ©Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóMs.€Schmucker€asserted€at€trial€that,€prior€to€her€involvement€with€the€appellant,€AM€ð ðwasÏdoing€great.ððÌ'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóCarla€Gezley,€the€victimððs€cousin,€testified.€€She€is€approximately€two€years€older€than€theÏvictim.€€She€lived€across€the€street€from€the€victim€at€the€time€of€the€instant€crimes.€€TheyÏfrequently€played€together.€€Carla€confirmed€that€the€appellant€had€shown€her€and€the€victimÏsexually€explicit€magazines€in€the€living€room€of€the€victimððs€home.Ì ¡Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€that,€with€respect€to€this€issue,€the€trial€courtððs€instructions€to€the€jury€wereÏadequate.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIndeed,€the€State€asserted€during€a€jury„out€hearing€that€Ms.€Mankin€was€not€even€anÏexpert€witness,€but€merely€an€individual€who€had€observed€the€victimððs€behavior€in€schoolÏfollowing€the€alleged€incidents€of€abuse.€€Ì yÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€in€passing€that€Nurse€Ross,€without€objection€by€defense€counsel,€testifiedÏthat€the€best€evidence€of€child€sexual€abuse€is€the€childððs€statements.€€Moreover,€during€cross„examination€of€Nurse€Ross,€defense€counsel€elicited€testimony€concerning€the€likelihood€of€aÏchild€lying€about€past€child€sexual€abuse.Ì üÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóWe€note€that€Rule€608(a)€permits€the€introduction€of€opinion€evidence€of€a€witnessððÏcharacter€for€truthfulness€or€untruthfulness,€although€evidence€of€a€witnessðð€òòtruthfulóó€character€isÏonly€admissible€after€the€character€of€the€witness€for€truthfulness€has€been€attacked.€€òòSee€alsoóóÏTenn.€R.€Evid.€404(a)(3).€€Moreover,€our€supreme€court€has€previously€observed,€ð ðThe€particularÏtrait€of€truthfulness€...€is€always€an€issue€when€a€witness€testifies.€€Thus,€in€contrast€to€the€use€ofÏcharacter€evidence€to€show€conformity€with€a€trait€such€as€violence€or€peacefulness,€reputationÏand€opinion€evidence€is€always€admissible€to€attack€a€witnessððs€credibility.ðð€€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844ÏS.W.2d€144,€149€(Tenn.€1992)(citing€Rule€608(a)).€€In€any€case,€as€pointed€out€by€the€State,€itÏwould€be€difficult€to€characterize€the€Stateððs€question€and€Mr.€Hartððs€answer€as€evidence€of€theÏappellantððs€truthful€òòoróó€untruthful€character.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò òÙ€€ÙßR€!" A1-j|` ß `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌà@ àJUNE€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9511„CC„00365Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àROBERTSON€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Robert€W.€Wedemeyer,€JudgeÌò òJAMES€RYIONó ó,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Agg.€Sexual€Battery;€Agg.€Rape)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)à àÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌThomas€K.€Bowersà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌPost€Office€Box€140256à àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ2821€Lebanon€Road,€Suite€204à àÌNashville,€TN€€37214à àà àà àSarah€M.€Branchà àÏà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà àÏà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Wesley€Carney,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDent€MorrissÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à507€Public€SquareÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSpringfield,€TN€€37172ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€James€Ryion,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€in€the€Circuit€CourtÏof€Robertson€County€of€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€aggravated€rape€ofÏhis€stepson,€AM.× ƒ# ××  ×€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€10€yearsÏimprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€for€the€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€conviction€and€20€years€imprisonment€for€the€aggravated€rapeÏconviction.€€The€court€ordered€that€the€sentences€be€served€consecutively.€€The€appellant€now€raises€the€following€issues€before€this€court:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àWhether€the€appellantððs€convictions€for€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€and€aggravated€rape€violate€principlesÏof€double€jeopardy;Ìà8 à(2)à8 àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€at€trialÏtestimony€by€witnesses€Bonnie€Beneke,€a€licensedÏclinical€social€worker,€and€Jane€Mankin,€anÏelementary€school€guidance€counselor;€andÌà8 à(3)à8 àWhether€prosecutorial€misconduct€during€theÏappellantððs€trial€sufficiently€prejudiced€theÏproceedings€to€require€a€new€trial.ÌÌÓÓFollowing€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà@ àò òFactual€Backgroundó óÌà àOn€January€27,€1993,€the€Robertson€County€Grand€Jury€returned€anÍindictment€charging€the€appellant€with€the€following€crimes:ÌÓÓà8 àCount€1:à8 àAggravated€Rape,€i.e.,€obtaining€oralÏsex€from€a€victim€less€that€thirteen€yearsÏof€age,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(4)€(1989€Supp.).Ìà8 àCount€2:à8 àRape€of€a€Child,€i.e.,€obtaining€oral€sexÏfrom€a€victim€less€than€thirteen€years€ofÏage€between€July€1,€1992,€andÏSeptember€27,€1992,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„522€(1992€Supp.).Ìà8 àCount€3:à8 àAggravated€Sexual€Battery,€i.e.,€forcingÏa€victim€less€than€thirteen€years€of€ageÏto€touch€the€appellantððs€penis€betweenÏJune€1,€1989,€and€June€30,€1992,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)€(1989ÏSupp.).Ìà8 àCount€4:à8 àAggravated€Sexual€Battery,€i.e.,€forcingÏa€victim€under€thirteen€years€of€age€toÏtouch€the€appellantððs€penis€betweenÏJuly€1,€1992,€and€September€27,€1992,ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a).Ìà8 àCount€5:à8 àAggravated€Rape,€i.e.,€anal€penetrationÏof€a€victim€less€than€thirteen€years€ofÏage€between€June€1,€1989,€and€JuneÏ30,€1992,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(4).Ìà8 àCount€6:à8 àRape€of€a€Child,€i.e.,€anal€penetration€ofÏa€victim€less€than€thirteen€years€of€ageÏbetween€July€1,€1992,€and€SeptemberÏ27,€1992,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522.ÌÌÓÓÌà àTestimony€at€trial€established€that,€on€April€1,€1989,€the€appellant€and€theÏvictimððs€mother,€Sharon€Schmucker,€met€at€the€Starlight€Dinner€Club€inÏNashville.€€At€this€time,€Ms.€Schmucker€had€been€separated€from€her€secondÍhusband,€the€victimððs€father,€for€eight€months€and€was€seeking€a€divorce.€€TheÏappellant€was€also€married€to€his€second€wife€and€currently€separated.€€TwoÏsons,€James€Jr.€and€Charles,€were€born€of€the€appellantððs€first€marriage.€€HisÏsons€resided€with€their€mother.€€Ms.€Schmucker€and€the€appellant€commencedÏa€relationship,€and,€in€August,€1989,€the€appellant€moved€into€Ms.€SchmuckerððsÏhome€on€Poplar€Avenue€in€Springfield.€€On€August€3,€1989,€Ms.€SchmuckerððsÏdivorce€became€final,€and,€on€February€9,€1990,€the€appellantððs€divorce€becameÏfinal.€€Finally,€on€June€9,€1990,€Ms.€Schmucker€and€the€appellant€married.× ƒ$ ××  ×ÌÌà àAt€trial,€Ms.€Schmucker€testified€that,€initially,€her€relationship€with€theÏappellant€was€a€happy€one.€€However,€approximately€four€or€five€months€afterÏthe€appellant€moved€into€Ms.€Schmuckerððs€home,€he€began€to€physically€andÏverbally€abuse€her.€€With€respect€to€the€appellantððs€relationship€with€her€son,ÏMs.€Schmucker€testified€that€the€appellant€went€fishing€with€AM€and€engaged€inÏother€activities€with€her€son.€€The€appellant€insisted€that€AM€call€him€ð ðdaddy.ðð€ÏHowever,€Ms.€Schmucker€further€stated:ÌÓÓà8 àWell,€[the€appellant]€got€where€he€fussed€at€[AM]€a€lot,€and€heÏalways€wanted€[AM]€to€hug€and€kiss€on€him,€as€soon€as€he€gotÏhome,€and€if€he€didnððt€heððd€get€mad€and€if€[AM]€showed€me€anyÏaffection€he€got€mad.ÌÌÓÓ€The€appellant€also€began€to€physically€discipline€AM.€€Additionally,€theÍappellant€discouraged€AM€from€playing€with€other€children€in€the€neighborhood.€ÏMs.€Schmucker€observed€that€AM€became€reluctant€to€accompany€the€appellantÏon€errands.ÌÌà àFlora€Majusick,€a€friend€of€Ms.€Schmucker€for€approximately€seventeenÏyears,€also€testified€about€the€appellantððs€relationship€with€Ms.€Schmucker€andÏher€son.€€On€approximately€March€1,€1989,€Ms.€Majusick€moved€into€Ms.ÏSchmuckerððs€home€in€order€to€share€household€expenses,€as€Ms.€SchmuckerÏwas€experiencing€financial€difficulties.€€Ms.€Majusick€continued€living€in€theÏhome€until€May,€1990,€just€prior€to€Ms.€Schmuckerððs€marriage€to€the€appellant.€ÏMs.€Majusick€testified€that,€when€the€appellant€first€began€living€with€Ms.ÏSchmucker,€their€relationship€was€ð ð[p]retty€good.ðð€€However,€certain€aspects€ofÏthe€relationship€and€certain€information€concerning€the€appellant€disturbed€Ms.ÏMajusick.€€For€example,€Ms.€Majusick€learned€that€the€appellant€was€prohibitedÏfrom€seeing€his€children€from€a€prior€marriage.€€Additionally,€the€appellantÏattempted€to€undermine€AMððs€relationship€with€his€father,€limiting€AMððsÏopportunities€to€see€his€father€and,€on€one€occasion,€informing€AM€that€hisÏfather€did€not€love€him.× ƒ% ××  ×€€Moreover,€the€appellant€ð ðwould€literally€make€[AM€andÏCarla€Gezley,€a€cousin€with€whom€AM€played,]€sit€on€his€lap€and€hug€and€kissÍhim,€even€though€they€protested.ðð€€According€to€Ms.€Majusick,€if€the€childrenÏrefused€to€comply€with€the€appellantððs€wishes,€the€appellant€would€becomeÏangry.€€Ms.€Majusick€testified,€generally,€that€ð ð[o]ne€minute€[the€appellant]€couldÏbe€the€nicest€person€in€the€world,€but€in€the€next€minute,€he€could€be€mean€and€IÏdo€mean€mean.ðð€€Ms.€Majusick€also€testified€that,€as€the€appellantððs€relationshipÏwith€Ms.€Schmucker€progressed,€the€appellant€became€physically€and€verballyÏabusive€toward€her.€€Much€of€the€abusive€conduct€occurred€in€the€presence€ofÏAM.€€Ms.€Majusick€stated€at€trial€that€AM€was€afraid€of€the€appellant.× ƒ& ××  ×ÌÌà àBoth€Ms.€Schmucker€and€Ms.€Majusick€worked€for€the€FrigidaireÏCompany.€€Ms.€Schmucker€worked€from€3:30€a.m.€until€2:00€p.m.€€Ms.€MajusickÏworked€from€3:00€p.m.€until€approximately€12:00€a.m.€€Before€the€appellantÏmoved€into€the€house,€AM€would€sleep€either€with€his€mother€in€her€bedroom€orÏwith€Ms.€Majusick€in€an€adjoining€bedroom.€€There€was€no€door€between€theÏbedrooms.€€When€the€appellant€moved€into€the€house,€Ms.€Schmucker€and€Ms.ÏMajusick€hung€a€curtain€between€the€two€rooms,€and€AM€slept€with€Ms.ÏMajusick€in€her€room.€€However,€before€leaving€for€work€every€morning,€at€theÏappellantððs€request,€Ms.€Schmucker€would€place€AM€in€bed€with€the€appellant.€ÏThe€appellant€was€unemployed€much€of€the€time,€and€was€often€alone€with€theÍvictim.× ƒ' ××  ×ÌÌà àBoth€Ms.€Schmucker€and€Ms.€Majusick€also€recounted€that,€sometimeÏbetween€January,€1990,€and€May,€1990,€AM€complained€that€ð ðhis€bottom€wasÏhurting.ðð€€Ms.€Majusick€testified€that€ð ðthe€little€boyððs€rectum€was€all€red€...€.ðð€ÏNeither€she€nor€the€victimððs€mother€took€the€victim€to€a€doctor.€€Moreover,€Ms.ÏMajusick€explained€that€she€did€not€call€the€police,€because€it€never€occurred€toÏher€that€AMððs€condition€was€the€result€of€sexual€abuse.ÌÌà àMs.€Majusick€testified€that,€prior€to€the€appellantððs€inclusion€in€theÏhousehold,€AM€ð ðdidnððt€know€a€thingðð€concerning€ð ðsexual€matters.ðð€€However,Ïafter€the€appellant€began€living€with€Ms.€Schmucker,€AM€began€remarking€uponÏthe€size€of€Ms.€Majusickððs€breasts,€and€he€compared€them€to€his€motherððsÏbreasts.€€The€victim€also€ð ðstarted€pinching€or€grabbing€[Ms.€Schmucker€and€Ms.ÏMajusick]€on€the€busts,€and€[AM]€never€„€he€never€did€that€before.ðð× ƒ( ××  ×ÌÌà àIn€the€spring€of€1992,€en€route€to€the€Piggly€Wiggly€grocery€store,€AMÏinformed€his€mother€that€the€appellant€ð ðwas€playing€with€his€worm.ðð€€SheÏconfronted€the€appellant,€who€denied€the€victimððs€allegations.€€Ms.€SchmuckerÏrecounted:ÌÓÓà8 à[The€appellant]€had€[AM]€in€there€with€us€and€he€told€me€that€[AM]Ïwas€lying€and€he€was€pleading€with€[AM]€and€trying€to€play€withÏ[AM]€and€started€crying€and€he€kept€telling€[AM]€to€tell€me€that€heÏwas€lying.ÌÌÓÓThe€appellant€then€asked€Ms.€Schmucker€to€go€to€a€convenience€store€and€buyÏcigarettes.€€Despite€her€concern€for€her€son,€Ms.€Schmucker€complied€with€theÏappellantððs€request.€€This€errand€took€approximately€eight€minutes€to€complete.€ÏWhen€she€returned€to€the€house,€AM€immediately€informed€his€mother€that€heÏhad€been€lying.€€Ms.€Schmucker€believed€him.€€She€did€not€associate€her€sonððsÏaccusations€with€his€complaint,€several€years€prior€to€this€incident,€that€ð ðhisÏbottom€was€hurting.ððÌÌà àThe€relationship€between€Ms.€Schmucker€and€the€appellant€continued€toÏdeteriorate.€€Finally,€according€to€Ms.€Schmucker,€on€September€27,€1992,€theÏappellant€assaulted€her,€prompting€police€intervention.€€The€police€assisted€theÏappellantððs€departure€from€Ms.€Schmuckerððs€home.€€On€October€21,€1992,€Ms.ÏSchmucker€obtained€a€restraining€order€against€the€appellant,€and,€on€OctoberÍ22,€1992,€initiated€divorce€proceedings.€€The€divorce€became€final€onÏDecember€22,€1992.€€ÌÌà àIn€October,€1992,€when€he€was€approximately€seven€years€old,€AMÏbegan€to€exhibit€behavioral€problems.× ƒ) ××  ×€€Ms.€Schmucker€testified:€€ÌÓÓà8 àHe€got€to€where€he€would€throw€temper€tantrums€and€fights€andÏyou€couldnððt€control€him,€and€anything€[you]€wanted€him€to€do,€itÏseemed€like€it€set€him€off€on€a€temper€tantrum€and€I€called€his€dad[,ÏMs.€Schmuckerððs€second€husband,]€to€come€down€and€see€if€heÏcould€do€anything€with€him€because€he€always€wanted€his€dadÏaround.ÌÌÓÓIn€December€of€1992,€she€and€the€victimððs€father€took€AM€to€a€doctor€inÏSpringfield,€who€immediately€referred€AM€to€the€Department€of€Human€ServicesÏ(DHS).€€On€cross„examination,€Ms.€Schmucker€testified€that€she€informed€DHSÏabout€the€incident€involving€AMððs€red€and€swollen€rectum€and€about€theÏappellantððs€persistent€request€that€Ms.€Schmucker€place€her€son€in€his€bedÏevery€morning€before€she€departed€for€work.€€She€conceded€at€trial€that,€whileÏthe€appellant€resided€in€her€home,€she€never€suspected€that€he€was€sexuallyÏabusing€her€son.ÌÌà àJoAnn€Gregory,€a€police€officer€with€the€Springfield€Police€Department,Ïtestified.€€She€is€specifically€assigned€to€the€Robertson€County€Child€AdvocacyÍCenter€and€is€a€member€of€the€Robertson€County€Child€Protective€InvestigativeÏTeam.€€On€December€29,€1992,€she€was€contacted€by€DHS€and€advised€ofÏAMððs€ÌÌÌallegations.€€She€was€present€during€an€interview€of€the€victim€by€an€employeeÏof€DHS.€€The€victim€also€met€with€a€licensed€clinical€social€worker,€BonnieÏBeneke,€at€the€Advocacy€Center.€€However,€Gregory€stated€that€the€CenterÏattempts€to€limit€the€number€of€times€a€child€is€interviewed€concerning€his€or€herÏallegations.€€Moreover,€interviewers€receive€training€in€order€to€avoid€leadingÏquestions.€€Gregory€asserted€that€the€victimððs€allegations€in€the€instant€case,€asÏrecounted€to€her,€have€been€consistent.€€ÌÌà àThe€victim€was€sent€to€the€ð ðOur€Kids€Clinic,ðð€an€outpatient€facilityÏestablished€for€the€examination€and€treatment€of€children€allegedly€subjected€toÏsexual€or€physical€abuse€and€apparently€associated€with€both€VanderbiltÏUniversity€Hospital€and€Nashville€Metropolitan€General€Hospital.€€Sue€Ross,€aÏnurse€practitioner€employed€by€Vanderbilt€University,€works€at€the€Our€KidsÏCenter.€€She€testified€that€ð ðthe€rectal€area€is€designed€by€its€very€nature€to€passÏlarge€stools,€and€not€„€usually€not€have€any€injury€as€a€result€of€that€or€a€veryÏminor€injury.€...€[Therefore,€if€there€is€penetration,]€there€is€healing€without€scarsÏin€the€mucous€membrane€area€and€even€in€the€„€even€in€the€external€skin€areaÍ...€.ðð€€She€additionally€testified€that,€if€a€child€had€been€anally€penetrated€withinÏthe€last€twenty„four€hours,€she€would€not€necessarily€expect€to€find€redness€orÏirritation.€€Again,€ð ðit€is€very€„€very€common€to€have€no€findings€with€rectalÏpenetration.ðð€€Moreover,€while€any€redness€and€swelling€in€the€rectal€areaÏwould€not€be€inconsistent€with€penile€penetration,€Ms.€Ross€would€be€unable€toÏdefinitely€state€that€the€symptoms€were€the€result€of€sexual€abuse.ÌÌà àOn€January€11,€1993,€Ms.€Ross€examined€AM.€€She€testified:ÌÓÓà8 àThe€history€from€[AM]€was€that€„€he€reported€that€the€perpetratorÏhad€touched€his€mouth€and€his€rectum€with€the€perpetratorððs€penis,Ïand€he€also€stated€that€something€white€came€out€of€theÏperpetratorððs€penis.€€And€reported€that€this€had€started€before€heÏwas€in€pre„school€and€was€still€happening€when€he€started€schoolÏat€West€Side.ÌÌÓÓFollowing€an€examination€of€the€victimððs€rectal€area,€Ms.€Ross€recorded€that€ð ðitÏwas€basically€a€normal€exam.ðð€€There€were€no€physical€findings€indicative€ofÏany€kind€of€penetration.€€No€sexually€transmitted€diseases€were€present.€ÏHowever,€she€observed€that€her€findings€did€not€preclude€past€sexual€abuse.€ÏFinally,€she€testified€that,€in€her€experience,€the€best€evidence€of€child€sexualÏabuse€ð ðhas€been€what€the€child€says.ðð€€During€cross„examination,€Ms.€RossÏopined:ÌÓÓà8 àMy€experience€is€that€children€may€frequently€omit€things€thatÏhappened€to€them,€thatððs€considered€lying€„€and€add€things€on€asÏthey€get€comfortable€with€talking€to€people€around€them.€€MyÏexperience€is€that€in€terms€of€lying,€that€something€happened€thatÏdidnððt€happen,€is€that€it€is€extremely€rare.€€It€has€happened€in€myÍexperience€but€it€is€extremely€rare.ÓÓÌÌà àBonnie€Beneke,€a€licensed€clinical€social€worker,€also€testified.€€SheÏbegan€working€on€AMððs€case€in€January,€1993.€€She€testified€that,€inÏinterviewing€alleged€victims€of€child€sexual€abuse,€she€avoids€suggestingÏresponses€to€her€questions.€€With€respect€to€her€interview€of€the€victim€in€thisÏcase,€she€stated,€ð ðI€didnððt€use€any€particular€technique.€€I€didnððt€„€it€isnððt€importantÏto€me€to€know€the€details€of€what€happened€to€him,€so,€I€didnððt€ask€him€aboutÏwhat€happened€to€him.ðð€€Moreover,€she€discouraged€the€victimððs€family€fromÏquestioning€him€about€the€incidents€of€abuse.ÌÌà àJane€Mankin,€an€elementary€school€guidance€counselor,€testified.€€SheÏwas€employed€by€the€Robertson€County€Board€of€Education,€and€worked€atÏboth€West€Side€Elementary€School€and€Cheatham€Park€Elementary€School.€ÏMs.€Mankin€first€became€acquainted€with€the€victim€when€AM€was€seven€yearsÏold,€attending€the€second€grade€at€West€Side€Elementary€School.€€She€beganÏcounseling€the€victim,€because€he€was€misbehaving€in€the€classroom.€€SheÏfurther€testified€that€she€ð ðwork[ed]€on€anger€with€him,€controlling€his€anger€and€...Ïon€self„esteem€...€.ðð€€She€stated€that,€as€she€is€not€a€psychologist,€she€did€notÏexplore€with€the€victim€any€possible€sexual€abuse€that€AM€may€have€suffered€inÏthe€past.€€By€the€third€grade,€when€the€victim€was€eight€years€old,€he€hadÏimproved.€€She€observed€that€the€victim€was€ð ð[s]taying€in€his€seat€better€andÍwasnððt€having€as€much€anger.€€He€was€just€acting€like€a€normal€third€grader,€butÏI€did€stay€in€touch€with€him.ðð€€Finally,€she€testified€that,€at€the€time€of€trial,€theÏvictim€was€nine€years€old,€attending€the€fourth€grade€at€Cheatham€ParkÏElementary€School,€and€was€continuing€to€improve.€€ð ð[H]e€still€has€some€angerÏproblems€and€we€have€still€worked€on€that€some.€€But€he€is€progressing.ðð€€AMððsÏlatest€report€card€contained€four€Aððs,€one€B,€and€one€C.ÌÌà àThe€victim,€AM,€testified€that€the€first€incident€of€sexual€abuse€by€hisÏstepfather€occurred€at€home,€before€he€began€to€attend€kindergarten,€andÏinvolved€anal€intercourse€and€touching€the€appellantððs€penis.€€AM€stated€that,€atÏthe€time,€he€did€not€understand€what€was€happening.€€Moreover,€he€did€notÏreport€the€appellantððs€actions,€because€the€appellant€threatened€to€ð ðbruiseðð€him.€ÏThe€incidents€occurred€ð ða€lot,ðð€primarily€in€his€motherððs€bedroom.€€The€victimÏtestified,€ð ðEverything€just€kept€going€over€and€over.ðð€€According€to€the€victim,€onÏseveral€occasions,€including€the€final€incident€shortly€before€the€appellantððsÏdeparture€from€the€victimððs€home,€the€appellant€would€ð ðmake€[the€victim]€suckÏhis€worm.ðð€€The€appellant€also€showed€the€victim€sexually€explicit€movies.€€OnÏone€occasion,€the€appellant€showed€the€victim€and€his€cousin,€Carla€Gezley,Ïsexually€explicit€magazines.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Ultimately,€the€victim,€en€route€to€a€grocery€store,Ídid€inform€his€mother€that€the€appellant€had€ð ðstuck€his€worm€in€my€butt€and€...Ïmade€me€rub€his€thing.ðð€€He€admitted€that€he€later€recanted€his€story,€becauseÏthe€appellant€ð ðwas€on€his€knees€crying€,€so€he€wouldnððt€leave€and€all€that.ðð€ÌÌà àAt€the€close€of€the€Stateððs€proof,€the€State€elected€to€proceed€on€countsÏthree,€four,€five,€and€six.€€The€trial€court€dismissed€counts€one€and€two.€€TheÏappellant€testified€at€trial,€denying€the€victimððs€allegations.€€Nevertheless,€at€theÏconclusion€of€the€trial,€the€jury€returned€verdicts€of€guilt€with€respect€to€countsÏthree€and€five.ÌÌà@ àò òAnalysisó óÌà àThe€appellant€first€argues€that,€ð ð[i]n€the€case€at€hand,€the€appellant€wasÏconvicted€of€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€sexual€battery,€both€referring€toÏthe€same€event.ðð€€In€essence,€the€appellant€contends€that,€because€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€rape,€the€appellantððsÏconviction€for€the€former€crime€violates€principles€of€double€jeopardy€andÏshould€be€vacated.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€524€S.W.2d€913,€919„920€(Tenn.€1975),€our€supremeÏcourt€adopted€the€òòBlockburgeróó€test€for€the€purpose€of€evaluating€doubleÏjeopardy€claims.€€This€test€was€originally€enunciated€by€the€United€StatesÏSupreme€Court€in€òòBlockburger€v.€United€Statesóó,€284€U.S.€299,€304,€52€S.Ct.Í180,€182€(1932),€and€was€recently€reaffirmed€by€the€Supreme€Court€in€òòUnitedÏStates€v.€Dixonóó,€509€U.S.€688,€696,€113€U.S.€2849,€2856€(1993).ÌÓÓà8 àThe€broad€question€is€whether€or€not€the€offenses€at€issueÏconstitute€the€ððsame€offenseðð€under€the€double€jeopardy€clause.€ÏAs€òòBlackóó€makes€clear,€multiple€convictions€do€not€violate€doubleÏjeopardy€if€ðð[t]he€statutory€elements€of€the€...€offenses€are€different,Ïand€neither€offense€is€included€in€the€other.ðð€€Specifically,€theÏòòBlockburgeróó€test€requires€that€ððcourts€...€ascertain€ð ðwhether€eachÏ[statutory]€provision€requires€proof€of€a€fact€which€the€other€doesÏnot.ððððÌÌÓÓòòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€538€(Tenn.€1994)(citations€omitted).€ÏòòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€662,€664„665€(Tenn.€1996).€€MoreÏrecently,€in€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€No.€01S01„9509„CC„00152€(Tenn.€December€2,Ï1992)(for€publication),€our€supreme€court€revisited€double€jeopardy,€expandingÏthe€requisite€analysis.€€The€court€concluded:ÌÓÓà8 à[R]esolution€of€a€double€jeopardy€punishment€issue€under€theÏTennessee€Constitution€requires€the€following:€(1)€a€òòBlockburgeróóÏanalysis€of€the€statutory€offenses;€(2)€an€analysis,€guided€by€theÏprinciples€of€[òòDuhac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973)],€of€theÏevidence€used€to€prove€the€offenses;€(3)€a€consideration€ofÏwhether€there€were€multiple€victims€or€discrete€acts;€and€(4)€aÏcomparison€of€the€purposes€of€the€respective€statutes.€€None€ofÏthese€steps€is€determinative;€rather€the€results€of€each€must€beÏweighed€and€considered€in€relation€to€each€other.ÌÌÓÓòòIdóó.€€Again,€ð ð[b]efore€multiple€convictions€can€stand,€it€must€be€clear€that€theÏoffenses€supporting€the€convictions€are€ððwholly€separate€and€distinct.ðððð€òòState€v.ÏPelayoóó,€881€S.W.2d€7,€10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)(citation€omitted).ÌÌà àThis€court€has€previously€held€that€the€offenses€of€aggravated€sexualÍbattery€and€aggravated€rape€may€support€multiple€convictions€under€certainÏcircumstances.€€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874€S.W.2d€73,€79„80€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),Ïòòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€€Under€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€theÏinstant€case,€a€conviction€for€each€offense€required€proof€of€a€fact€which€aÏconviction€for€the€other€did€not.€€Unlike€aggravated€sexual€battery,€the€offense€ofÏaggravated€rape€required€proof€of€sexual€penetration.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„502.€€Moreover,€the€elements€of€the€offense€of€aggravated€rape€did€notÏinclude€all€the€elements€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919ÏS.W.2d€305,€310„311€(Tenn.€1996)(citing€òòHoward€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€83,€85Ï(Tenn.€1979)).€€In€other€words,€the€appellant€need€not€have€anally€penetratedÏthe€victim€ð ðfor€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„501(6).€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34„35€(Tenn.Ï1993)(pleasure€or€excitement€is€not€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€of€rape).€ÏHowever,€the€jury€was€required€to€find€that€the€appellant€forced€the€victim€toÏð ðrubðð€his€penis€in€order€to€obtain€such€gratification.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a).ÌÌà àMoreover,€the€indictment€in€the€instant€case€alleged€two€discrete€acts,Ïanal€penetration€of€a€child€constituting€aggravated€rape€and€fondling€of€theÏappellantððs€penis€by€a€child€constituting€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€ð ðDiscreteÏacts€can€justify€multiple€convictions.ðð€€òòDentonóó,€No.€01S01„9509„CC„00152.€ÏAdditionally,€the€proof€adduced€at€trial€established€that,€during€the€first€incidentÍof€sexual€abuse,€the€only€occasion€distinctly€recalled€by€the€victim,€two€discreteÏacts€occurred.€€The€victim€testified€that,€on€this€occasion,€the€appellant€ð ðput€hisÏworm€in€my€butt€and€he€made€me€rub€his€thing.ðð€€Thus,€the€principles€of€òòDuhacóóÏare€satisfied.ÌÌà àFinally,€the€statutes€at€issue€clearly€serve€different€purposes.€€While,€inÏthe€instant€case,€both€statutes€protect€small€children,€the€aggravated€rapeÏstatute€clearly€addresses€those€evils€associated€with€sexual€penetration.€€TheÏaggravated€sexual€battery€statute€specifically€addresses€the€prurient€impulsesÏof€members€of€society.€€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€appellantððs€multipleÏconvictions€do€not€violate€principles€of€double€jeopardy.× ƒ, ××  ×ÌÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€admitted€atÏtrial€testimony€by€witnesses€Bonnie€Beneke,€a€licensed€clinical€social€worker,Ïand€Jane€Mankin,€an€elementary€school€guidance€counselor.€€The€appellantÏasserts€that€the€State€proffered€this€testimony€for€the€sole€purpose€of€bolsteringÏthe€victimððs€credibility,€specifically€in€contravention€of€our€supreme€courtððsÏholdings€in€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186€(Tenn.€1990),€and€òòState€v.ÏBallardóó,€855€S.W.2d€557€(Tenn.€1993).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€880ÏS.W.2d€720€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€ÍGenerally,€the€admissibility€of€expert€testimony€is€a€matter€entrusted€to€theÏsound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€the€trial€courtððs€determination€will€not€beÏreversed€on€appeal€absent€a€clear€abuse€of€that€discretion.€€òòAndersonóó,€880ÏS.W.2d€at€728.€€The€trial€courtððs€discretion€embraces€the€qualifications€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€relevancy€of€the€proposed€testimony,€and€whether€the€proposedÏtestimony€will€substantially€assist€the€trier€of€fact€to€understand€the€proof€that€hasÏbeen€adduced€at€trial€or€to€resolve€an€issue€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Campbellóó,€904ÏS.W.2d€608,€616€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€ÏHowever,€ð ð[t]he€prohibition€of€expert€testimony€related€to€witness€credibility€isÏwell€established.€€Hornbook€law€is€that€the€credibility€of€a€witness€and€theÏweight€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€rests€exclusively€with€the€jury.€€ðð[T]he€jury€isÏthe€lie€detector€in€the€courtroom.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€No.€03C01„9301„CR„00024Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€September€15,€1994)(citations€omitted).€€òòSeeÏalsoóó€òòState€v.€Wallenóó,€No.€03C01„9304„CR„00136€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,ÏNovember€30,€1995),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996).ÌÌà àNevertheless,€in€contrast€to€the€witnesses€in€the€òòSchimpfóó€and€òòBallardóóÏcases,€the€witnesses€in€the€instant€case€testified€that€they€held€òònoóó€opinionÏconcerning€the€honesty€of€the€victim€or€the€truth€of€his€allegations.× ƒ. ××  ×€€Rather,Íapparently€in€response€to€defense€counselððs€remark€during€his€openingÏstatement€that€ð ðwe€are€not€sure€about€the€source€of€what€is€happening€in€[theÏvictimððs]€mind,ðð€the€State€elicited€testimony€from€both€witnesses€that€theirÏtreatment€or€counseling€of€the€victim€could€not€have€been€the€source€of€anyÏfabricated€tales€of€sexual€abuse.€€Specifically,€Ms.€Beneke€indicated€that€sheÏavoided€questioning€the€victim€concerning€sexual€abuse€and€waited€for€theÏvictim€to€volunteer€information.€€Ms.€Mankin€testified€that,€although€sheÏcounseled€the€victim€due€to€his€misbehavior€in€the€classroom,€she€did€notÏdiscuss€any€possible€sexual€abuse€with€the€victim.€€Clearly,€the€testimony€ofÏthese€witnesses€left€to€the€jury€the€task€of€weighing€the€victimððs€credibility.× ƒ/ ××  ×ÌÌà àThe€appellant€also€alleges€prosecutorial€misconduct€warranting€a€newÏtrial.€€The€test€to€be€applied€by€the€appellate€courts€in€reviewing€instances€ofÏprosecutorial€misconduct€is€ð ðwhether€the€improper€conduct€could€have€affectedÏthe€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant.ðð€€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2dÏ758,€759€(Tenn.€1965).€€In€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1976),€this€court€set€forth€five€factors€that€should€be€considered€in€makingÏthis€determination:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àThe€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€context€and€inÍlight€of€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case.Ìà8 à(2)à8 àThe€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€andÏthe€prosecution.Ìà8 à(3)à8 àThe€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€statement.Ìà8 à(4)à8 àThe€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€andÏany€other€errors€in€the€record.Ìà8 à(5)à8 àThe€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.ÌÓÓÓÓÌÓÓOur€Supreme€Court€approved€these€factors€in€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,Ï609€(Tenn.€1984).ÌÌà àPursuant€to€these€guidelines€and€following€a€thorough€review€of€theÏrecord,€we€conclude€that€the€prosecutorððs€conduct€in€the€instant€case€was€not€soÏinflammatory€or€improper€as€to€affect€the€verdict.€€First,€the€appellant€argues€thatÏthe€prosecutor€asked€leading€questions€of€the€victim€in€this€case,€suggestingÏanswers€when€none€were€forthcoming.€€Defense€counsel€objected€to€leadingÏquestions€several€times€during€the€prosecutorððs€direct€examination€of€the€victim.€ÏThe€trial€court€sustained€several€objections,€but€indicated€that€he€would€allowÏthe€prosecutor€ð ðsome€leeway.ðð€€He€acknowledged€to€the€prosecutor,€ð ðI€know€youÏhave€to€lead€a€little€bit.ðð€€ÌÌà àTrial€courts€are€vested€with€the€authority€to€supervise€the€presentation€ofÏevidence.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€611(a).€€Moreover,€trial€courts€may€permit€leadingÏquestions€to€victims€in€child€sexual€abuse€cases,€and€the€exercise€of€discretionÏby€the€trial€court€will€not€be€reversed€on€appeal€absent€a€showing€of€abuse€ofÍdiscretion.€€òòState€v.€Nicelyóó,€No.€01C01„9506„CC„00160€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏNashville),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Lewisóó,€No.€01C01„9307„CC„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€January€12,€1995).€€AfterÏreviewing€the€record€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€prosecutor€made€inflammatory€andÏprejudicial€remarks€during€closing€argument.€€In€his€brief,€the€appellant€allegesÏthat€ð ðcounsel€for€the€State€approached€the€Appellant€and€placing€his€finger€inÏhis€face€stated€to€the€jury:€ððHe€is€guilty€as€sin;€guilty€as€sin;€guilty€as€sin.ðððð€ÏHowever,€the€record€reflects€that,€in€fact,€the€prosecutor€stated,€ð ðAnd€I€submit€toÏyou€that€when€you€deliberate,€and€you€swap€ideas€as€you€think€about€this€case,Ïthat€the€resolutions€that€you€will€reach€is€that€in€counts€three,€four,€five,€and€six,Ïthis€defendant€is€as€guilty€as€sin.ðð€€ÌÌà àOur€supreme€court€has€observed€that€"argument€of€counsel€is€a€valuableÏprivilege€that€should€not€be€unduly€restricted.€€Our€courts€seek€to€give€greatÏlatitude€to€counsel€in€expressing€their€views€of€the€case€to€the€jury."€€òòSmith€v.ÏStateóó,€527€S.W.2d€737,€739€(Tenn.€1975).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€797,€809€(Tenn.€1994).€€However,€the€prosecutor€should€not€express€hisÏor€her€personal€opinion€of€the€accusedððs€guilt€or€innocence.€€òòState€v.€Henleyóó,Ï774€S.W.2d€908,€911€(Tenn.€1989);€òòCoker€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€357,€368€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€Nevertheless,€whether€theÍprosecutorððs€statements€qualify€as€misconduct€often€depends€upon€the€specificÏterminology€used.€€òòCokeróó,€911€S.W.2d€at€368.€€If€argument€is€predicated€by€theÏwords€ð ðI€submit,ðð€it€is€unlikely€to€be€adjudged€a€personal€opinion.€€òòIdóó.€€WeÏconclude,€particularly€in€the€absence€of€any€contemporaneous€objection€byÏdefense€counsel,€that€the€prosecutorððs€remarks€in€the€instant€case€did€not€strayÏbeyond€the€wide€latitude€afforded.ÌÌà àFinally,€the€appellant€asserts€that€the€prosecutor€violated€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï608€when€he€raised€the€issue€of€the€appellantððs€character€although€this€issueÏhad€not€been€raised€by€the€appellant.€€During€the€appellantððs€testimony,€theÏcourt€opined€that€the€issue€of€the€appellantððs€character€had€not€yet€been€raised,Ïand€that,€unless€defense€counsel€subsequently€ð ðopened€the€doorðð€to€characterÏevidence,€he€would€sustain€any€objections€to€questions€by€the€prosecutorÏpertaining€to€the€appellantððs€character.€€The€appellant€argues€that€subsequently,Ïdespite€the€trial€courtððs€remarks,€the€prosecutor€improperly€asked€defenseÏwitness€Thomas€Hart€whether€he€had€been€warned€by€defense€counsel€to€avoidÏexpressing€any€opinion€concerning€the€appellantððs€honesty.€€Defense€counselÏobjected,€and€the€trial€court€overruled€his€objection.€€Having€reviewed€theÏrecord,€we€conclude€that€any€misconduct€did€not€rise€to€the€level€of€reversibleÍerror.× ƒ0 ××  ×ÌÌà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge