ÿWPCÃ- ‘„fK˜‰ÑVFƒaÊT!Mz¾³+h ®úMô–ó%Þ@D×s%ÓæU³¾ •{T; 3žN2§˜ï]'Åðx¡*-ùñ–dá«MË&Òc<òÓ‘­±óËvÈÈY ('Ô› ßBóO0¾QZ¶À64è.ù]¤ ™Z‘5÷&ì@À^Zå¸]¶‘oÞA¸°™€ãúY_rЖ8-,©Î¢¹þE{¿R7°ÁKP¥?ZÃ9Jªr®œ#I‹ 1 'еg‰äÅrkCkV©1#Âïk®¦dï›+¥ºdF{˜ð5¥÷û-«kTÃÁ˜ŒÓËÑÕ„@Zxzáåô÷æL1q"ߥú_p¤gÚf ñÕcqn12CŒçI–o­Wê’³+2È žÀ$'Š:0+R ÈAÊRjìcÚY^ÞVóÞ¬r†OS(§ØBQ¤J¾_@«Ã”ÿËž_ zCM˜‰nV&Î/®QœèÜ™KBáР'¨²BÚt!~³vλqlV©œ»È_û«ŽŽ殆œð¿=Þ)Ö)y[⩇Æ‘/‚eý8£€Jð… %F w@L 0ÜŒ U :h 4¢ ¶ ¡Å Òf 0 8 0DXU:œÈÖYžR÷åI"U:.#åh#U:M$M$M$M$‡$‡$‡$‡$‡$‡$‡$‡$‡$ BŠ+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+Š+ D3§+§+§+ 0DÚ+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+Ú+ AO,Æm,m, 0D3- D/w- B¦-X UžŸE ¡D¢£D¤D¥Ó€¯(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularuM%3|x± —Ô€ôSþôXXÔÝ ƒ Ú˜ÿÝÑ@°ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7ÀlóXXdædæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellantððs€issue€is€framed€as€error€by€the€trial€court€ð ð.€.€.€in€Denying€DefendantððsÐ  ÐMotion€for€Judgment€of€Acquittal€Pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rules€Criminal€Procedures€29(c).€€AsÏThere€Clearly€Was€Insufficient€Evidence€To€Justify€The€Verdict€Of€The€Jury€In€This€Case.ðð€€ThisÏissue€thus€encompasses€appellate€review€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e). ÈÔ€ôíôXXÔÝ ƒ CªÿÝÑ@ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7À ôXXdæXXdæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThis€standard€preserves€the€factfinderððs€role€as€the€weigher€of€the€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ  Ðv.€Elderóó,€982€S.W.2d€871,€877€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998).(Ð(3Ú˜$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€lóXXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular ¾Ô€ôíôXXÔÝ ƒ CªÿÝÑ@ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7À ôXXdæXXdæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝA€Metro€detective€testified€at€trial€that€based€upon€the€nickname€ð ðRabbit,ðð€provided€to€himÐ  Ðby€Ms.€Jenkins,€a€photographic€array€was€prepared. OÔ€ôíôXXÔÝ ƒ CªÿÝÑ@ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7À ôXXdæXXdæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThese€factors€were€set€forth€by€our€supreme€court€in€òòDyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€612,€and€areÐ  Ðcontained€in€T.P.€I.€ðð€42.05.€€This€instruction€must€be€given€when€identification€of€the€defendant€isÏa€material€issue.€€The€record€does€not€contain€the€trial€courtððs€instructions€to€the€jury,€nonetheless,Ïit€must€be€presumed,€in€the€absence€of€proof€to€the€contrary,€that€the€trial€court€properly€instructedÏthe€jury€as€to€the€law€applicable€to€the€case.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€728€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  ø ÐApp.€1993). HÝ ƒ Cª$ÝÒ°Òà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡ X²0XXXÔÔ‡ ôèôX X²0ÔWhile€we€recognize€the€physical€facts€rule€allows€this€court€Ô#†ôíôô ôèQ#ÔÔ‡ ôèôôôíÔin€our€sufficiency€reviewÔ#†ôíôô ôèï#Ô€toÐ  Ðdisregard€the€testimony€of€witnesses€unable€to€be€reconciled€with€the€physical€evidence,€òòseeóó€òòStateÐ ÒÊ Ðv.€Hornsbyóó,€858€S.W.2d€892,€894„895€(Tenn.€1993),€this€case€does€not€present€us€with€this€issue.€Ð ˆ ÐIn€order€for€us€to€disregard€the€challenged€testimony,€the€physical€facts€must€be€ð ðwell„establishedÏand€universally€recognized€physical€laws.ðð€€òòNelms€v.€Tennessee€Farmers€Mut.€Ins.€Co.óó,€613Ð   ÐS.W.2d€481,€483€(Tenn.€App.€1978).€€However,€in€the€present€case,€we€are€prevented€fromÏapplying€the€physical€facts€rule€because€its€application€would€be€dependent€upon€assumptions€orÏcalculations€in€the€determination€of€distance.€€òòSeeóó€òòWaller€v.€Morganóó,€133€S.W.2d€614,€616€(Tenn.Ð F > ÐApp.€1939).€€Both€the€State€and€defense€witnesses€testified€as€to€the€uncertainty€related€to€theÏlocation€of€the€various€shell€casings€due€to€the€windstorm.€€In€addition,€the€positioning€of€theÏshooter€and€the€location€of€vehicle€were€also€based€upon€extrapolations.€€Furthermore,€we€areÏcalled€upon€to€contend€with€the€viewpoint€of€a€static€camera€as€opposed€to€movement€in€relationÏto€the€human€body.€€Thus,€we€are€unable€to€apply€the€physical€facts€rule.€€€€€€€€€€€€€ ÛÔ€XlóXXXÔÔ€H-XXlóÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XlóXH-ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€21,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÛÔ€XlóXXXÔÔ€H-XXlóÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XlóXH-ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€15,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ùÔ€ôíôXXÔÝ ƒ CªÿÝÑ@ÑÒ°ÒÑT@R[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7À ôXXdæXXdæ7ÑÑ @ Ñà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€the€appellant€supplements€his€brief€with€an€article€regarding€the€concept€ofÐ  Ðunconscious€transference,€arguments€of€counsel€are€not€considered€as€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Рƾ ÐRobertsóó,€755€S.W.2d€833,€836€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€€The€appellantððs€brief€denotes€that€Ð „| Ðð ðunconscious€transference€occurs€when€an€eyewitness€to€a€crime€misidentifies€a€familiar€butÏinnocent€person€from€a€police€line„up,ðð€citing€to€an€article€by€David€F.€Ross€et€al.,€òò€UnconsciousÐ  ø ÐTransference€and€Mistaken€Identityóó:€òòWhen€a€Witness€Misidentified€a€Familiar€but€InnocentÐ ¾ ¶ ÐPersonóó.,€J.€of€Applied€Psychol.€79,€No.€6:€918€(1994).€€This€article€also€contains€the€followingÐ | t Ðstatement:Ìà8 ` àIn€summary,€the€literature€provides€mixed€and€somewhat€weak€support€forÏunconscious€transference.€€It€tends€to€occur€only€if€bystanders€are€seen€asÏfamiliar;€but€not€so€familiar€that€witnesses€recall€specific€contextual€cues€thatÏdisambiguate€them€from€the€assailant.€€Moreover,€in€the€few€studies€that€doÏreport€an€unconscious€transference€effect,€it€is€not€clear€how€or€why€it€occurs.Ð ` Ð ` Ð  ЀòòId.óó€at€919. d'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€lóXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýñ¥ñ›ñ¥ñÓ ÔþÓò òñ¯ññ¥ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈ ` 8ttxPð  rßñ¥ññ¯ññ¯ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@EÈ ` 8ttxPð  rßñ¯ññ¥ñ›ñ¥ñà@. . ®àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÌà@ÜÜ(®àAT€NASHVILLEˆÌà@ââ&®àMAY€SESSION,€1999ˆÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð | t Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àNo.€01C01„9803„CR„00113Ð h` Ðà ` àAppelleeà  àà h àà À à)Ð TL  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ @8  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð ,$  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHon.€Cheryl€Blackburn,€JudgeÐ   ÐCOREY€LAMONT€RADLEY,à À à)Ð ü  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(First€Degree€Murder)Ð ðè  Ðà ` àAppellantà  àà h àà À à)Ð ÜÔ  Ðó óÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð zr ÐÌò òRichard€McGeeó óà  àà h àò òà À àà  àJohn€Knox€Walkupó óÐ F> ÐAttorney€for€Appellantà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ 2* Ð601€Woodland€Streetà h àÐ  ÐNashville,€TN€€37206à h àà À àà  àò òMarvin€E.€Clements,€Jr.ó óÐ þö Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àà (# àÐ êâ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à x àà Ð àà (# àÐ ‚!z Ðà ` àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àVictor€S.€(Torry)€Johnson€IIIó óÐ 4$,  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àRoger€Mooreó óÐ ì&ä# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222„2nd€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ".'+ ÐÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÐ †3~,1 ÐJudgeÐ  r4j-2Ï ÐÓÓà@+®àò òOPINIONó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant,€Corey€Lamont€Radley,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€in€the€CriminalÏCourt€of€Davidson€County€of€first€degree€murder€and€was€sentenced€to€lifeÏimprisonment.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€the€single€issue€of€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€convicting€evidence,€specifically€challenging€the€identification€testimony€of€theÏStateððs€sole€witness€to€the€murder.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð ÜÔ  ÐÌà@ÕÕ)®àò òBACKGROUNDó óˆÐ tl ÐÌà ` àAround€5:00€p.m.€on€October€22,€1996,€twenty„year€old€Keith€Leatherwood€Ïarrived€at€the€residence€of€his€cousin,€Chante€Jenkins,€on€Grace€Street€in€Nashville.€ÏMs.€Jenkins€and€Leatherwood€entered€the€residence€while€an€individual€named€JoeÏBrown€remained€in€the€vehicle.€€Leatherwood€and€Ms.€Jenkins€had€a€ð ðcloseÏrelationshipðð€and€it€was€not€uncommon€for€Leatherwood€to€routinely€visit€his€cousin.ÏOn€this€occasion,€Leatherwood€informed€Ms.€Jenkins€that€he€had€arranged€to€meetÏð ðHank,ðð€also€known€as€œð ðRabbit,ðð›€across€the€street€from€her€residence€near€the€park.€ÏSeveral€months€previous,€Leatherwood,€while€visiting€with€Ms.€Jenkins,€had€pointedÏout€ð ðRabbit,ðð€who€was€standing€across€the€street.ÌÌà ` àAfter€several€minutes,€Leatherwood€left€the€residence€while€Ms.€JenkinsÏcontinued€to€watch€him€from€her€kitchen€window.€€Although€security€bars€wereÏattached€to€the€window,€she€testified€that€her€view€was€unobstructed.€€She€watchedÏLeatherwood€as€he€walked€up€the€sidewalk€and€crossed€over€into€the€street€near€theÏpark€where€he€was€joined€by€two€other€individuals.€€Ms.€Jenkins€estimated€theÏdistance€between€her€vantage€point€and€the€men€as€a€distance€equivalent€to€theÐ  4-2 Ðcorner€of€the€courtroom.€€That€distance€was€€later€determined€to€be€fifty€feet.€€Ð Ø5Ð.4 ÐÌà ` àLeatherwood€and€the€two€men€stood€together€for€a€few€seconds€and€then€Ms.ÏJenkins€saw€Leatherwood,€whose€back€was€toward€her,€turn€and€run.€€As€he€beganÏto€run€in€the€direction€of€Ms.€Jenkinsðð€house,€one€of€the€men€pulled€out€a€darkÏhandgun€and€started€shooting.€€Ms.€Jenkins€then€saw€Leatherwood€fall€to€theÏground€onto€the€sidewalk.€€More€gunshots€were€heard.€€She€estimated€the€totalÏnumber€of€gunshots€at€ten€or€more.€€Ms.€Jenkins€ran€outside€and€then€went€to€herÏneighborððs€house€to€call€911.€€Subsequently,€she€went€to€her€grandmotherððs€houseÏto€inform€her€that€Leatherwood€had€been€shot.€€When€she€returned,€the€police€andÏparamedics€had€arrived€on€the€scene.ÌÌÔ‡ X²0XXXÔà ` àAt€the€police€station€just€hours€after€the€shooting,€Ms.€Jenkins€told€the€officersÐ ˜ Ðthat€the€victim€was€meeting€ð ðRabbit.ðð€€She€told€them€that€the€person€who€shot€herÏcousin€was€wearing€a€black€hooded€sweatshirt€with€the€hood€pulled€over€his€headÏand€black€pants.€€Ms.€Jenkins€identified€the€appellant€from€a€photographic€lineup€asÏthe€person€who€shot€the€victim.׃ ×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ms.€Jenkins€further€advised€the€officers,€€ð ðIððve€seenÐ $  Ðhim€before,€Iððve€seen€his€face.ðð€€Moreover,€at€trial,€Ms.€Jenkins€made€an€in„courtÏidentification€of€the€appellant,€testifying€that€she€had€gotten€a€good€look€at€the€faceÏof€the€person€who€shot€her€cousin.€€ÌÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Jenkins€stated€that€she€could€not€identify€theÏperson€accompanying€the€appellant.€€Although€she€testified€earlier€that€it€was€lightÏand€clear€around€5€p.m.,€she€admitted€that€after€the€shooting€it€became€dark€andÏrainy.€€She€explained€that€it€was€clear€enough€to€see€the€appellant.€€Although€sheÏcould€not€remember€any€facial€hair€or€describe€his€face,€she€was€certain€theÏappellant€was€the€shooter.€€She€admitted€that€it€was€only€a€matter€of€seconds€whichÐ Ø6Ð/4 Ðshe€had€to€view€the€appellant€and€that€she€was€very€emotionally€disturbed;€however,Ïshe€remained€confident€in€her€identification€of€the€appellant.€€€€€ÌÌà ` àDamien€Huggins,€a€Metro€Police€officer,€responded€to€a€call€regarding€aÏshooting€on€Grace€Street€within€two€to€three€minutes.€€The€officer€stated€that€aroundÏ5€p.m.€that€it€was€still€daytime€and€the€rain€was€only€drizzling.€€The€rain€becameÏharder€toward€the€end€of€the€investigation.€€The€police€preserved€the€scene€andÏmarked€the€location€of€four€.45€caliber€shell€casings€found€in€the€street.€€PoliceÏtestimony€also€revealed€that,€because€of€inclement€weather€which€included€rain€andÏstrong€wind€gusts,€the€shell€casings€could€have€been€moved€before€their€arrival.€€NoÏweapon€was€ever€recovered.ÌÌà ` àBruce€Levy,€medical€examiner€for€Davidson€County,€testified€that€the€autopsyÏrevealed€that€the€victim€sustained€multiple€gunshot€wounds€to€the€chest,€abdomen,Ïback,€arms,€and€legs,€resulting€in€internal€bleeding€and€injury€to€vital€organs.€TheÏmedical€examiner€stated€that€some€of€the€gunshot€wounds€were€superficial;Ïhowever,€since€the€victim€died€from€a€loss€of€blood,€each€wound€contributed€to€hisÏdeath.€€€The€victim€exhibited€no€traces€of€any€intoxicants€in€his€system.€€TheÏexaminer€concluded€that€between€eight€and€twelve€bullets€struck€the€victim.€€ÌÌà ` àAs€the€sole€defense€witness,€Robert€Burford,€a€private€investigator€preparedÏa€diagram€for€the€trial€indicating€certain€distances€in€accordance€with€the€officersððÏmeasurements€taken€from€the€scene€and€from€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Jenkins.€ÏBurford€measured€the€distances€from€the€various€shell€casings€to€the€kitchenÏwindow€where€Ms.€Jenkins€was€standing.€€He€testified€that€the€distance€from€the€firstÏshell€casing€to€the€window€was€118€feet;€the€second,€109€feet;€the€third,€103€feet;Ïand€the€fourth,€67€feet.€€Burford€explained,€that€from€Jenkins€earlier€testimony,€thatÏhe€had€measured€the€distance€to€the€corner€of€the€courtroom€at€only€50€feet.€€Ð ¨9 26 Їà ` àAlso,€Burford€made€photographs€inside€the€house€from€the€kitchen€window.€€ÌPositioning€a€person€to€the€left€of€shell€casing€number€two,€he€concluded€that€onlyÏthe€right€arm€and€shoulder€of€the€assailant€were€visible€from€the€window€and€not€theÏface€of€the€individual€firing€the€gun.€€He€stated€that€it€was€impossible€to€see€theÏshooter€from€the€vantage€point€of€the€kitchen€window€relative€to€the€other€shellÏcasings.€€He€further€provided€that€the€street€sloped€in€a€west„to„east€direction.€€OnÏcross„examination,€he€testified€that€all€of€his€photographs€were€taken€from€aÏstationary€vantage€point€at€the€window€without€any€movement.ÌÔ#†X<ëXX X²0#ÔÌà@»»*®àò òANALYSISó óˆÐ ÔÌ ÐÌà ` àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€State€failed€to€prove€him€guilty€of€murderÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€In€a€criminal€case€it€is€incumbent€upon€the€prosecutionÏto€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€not€only€the€commission€of€the€crime€chargedÏbut€also€its€perpetration€by€the€accused.€€òòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€607,€612€(Tenn.Ð Ü Ô Ð1995);€òòsee€generallyóó,€òòState€v.€Demarco€Bowderyóó,€No.€02C01„9705„CR„00173Ð ¨"  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€Jan.€29,€1998),€òòperm.€to€appeal€œdeniedóó,›€(Tenn.€Oct.Ð t$l  Ð12,€1998).€€In€this€case,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€onlyÏwitness€linking€the€appellant€to€the€commission€of€the€crime,€Chante€Jenkins,€wasÏnot€credible€and€that€her€identification€of€him€was€totally€unreliable.ÌÌà ` àIt€is€undisputed€that€the€Due€Process€Clause€of€the€Fourteenth€AmendmentÏprotects€a€defendant€in€a€criminal€case€against€conviction€ð ðexcept€upon€proofÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€every€fact€necessary€to€constitute€the€crime€withÏwhich€he€is€charged.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€315,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789Ð Ô2Ì+0 Ð(1979);€òòIn€œre›€Winshipóó,€397€U.S.€358,€364,€90€S.Ct.€1068,€1073€(1970).€€The€relevantÐ  4˜-2 Ðquestion€upon€a€sufficiency€review€of€a€criminal€conviction,€be€it€in€the€trial€court€orÏâ âan€appellate€court,€is€whether,€ð ðafter€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ 88016 Ðto€the€prosecution,׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elementsÐ  Ðâ âof€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€at€319,€99Ð ÔÌ ÐS.Ct.€at€2789.€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€29(a).€€A€Ô‡ X²0XXX<ëÔjuryÐ   ˜ Ðconviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€a€defendant€is€initiallyÏcloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convicted€defendantÏhas€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,Ð D<  Ð639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,Ïthis€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð ü  ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ô#†X<ëXX X²0p/#Ô€€With€these€principles€of€appellate€review€in€hand,Ð äÜ Ðwe€proceed€with€an€examination€of€the€appellantððs€sufficiency€challenge.Ìœñ™ñÌñ™ñ›œñ˜ñà ` àIn€evaluating€the€identification€testimony€of€a€witness,€the€jury€is€instructed€toÏconsider€the€following€factors€in€assessing€the€credibility€of€the€witnessððÏidentification:œ×ƒ ×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  כРøð ÐÓÓà ` à1.à8 ¸ àThe€witnessðð€capacity€and€opportunity€to€observe€the€offender.€Ð Ä ¼ ÐThis€includes,€among€other€things,€the€length€of€time€availableÏfor€observation,€the€distance€from€which€the€witness€observed,Ïthe€lighting,€and€whether€the€person€who€committed€the€crimeÏwas€a€prior€acquaintance€of€the€witness;€€€€Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÌà ` à2.à8 ¸ àThe€degree€of€certainty€expressed€by€the€witness€regarding€theÐ (& " Ðidentification€and€the€circumstances€under€which€it€was€made,Ïincluding€whether€it€is€the€product€of€the€witnessðð€ownÏrecollection;Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÌà ` à3.à8 ¸ àThe€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€the€witness€failed€to€make€anÐ ¦*ž#' Ðidentification€of€the€defendant,€or€made€an€identification€thatÏwas€inconsistent€with€the€identification€at€trial;€andÐ ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÌà ` à4.à8 ¸ àThe€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€the€witness€made€anÐ >.6'+ Ðidentification€that€was€consistent€with€the€identification€at€trial,Ïand€the€circumstances€surrounding€such€identifications.Ð ¸ ü!¸ ü! ÐÌñ˜ññ™ñ›Ìñ™ñ›ÌœÔ‡ X²0XXX<ëÔñ˜ñÓÓñ˜ñ›à ` àThe€appellant€argues€that€under€the€dictates€of€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ð `X Ðat€307,€99€S.Ct.€at€2781,€ð ðno€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€reached€the€conclusionÏthat€the€prosecution€established€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€identityðð€of€theÏappellant.€€He€contends€the€following€grounds€overwhelmingly€establish€that€theÏtestimony€of€Ms.€Jenkins,€the€Stateððs€eyewitness,€was€unreliable:ÌÓÓà8 ` à(1)€virtual€impossibility€to€view€the€shooter€from€her€kitchen€windowÏfrom€the€location€of€the€first€shell€casing;œ×ƒ ×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›Ô#†X<ëXX X²08#ÔÔ‡ X²0XXX<ëÔа%¨!` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(2)€failure€of€witness€to€recall€the€appellantððs€facial€hair;Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(3)€the€exact€words€of€the€witness€when€identifying€the€appellant€at€theÏphotographic€lineup,€i.e.,€ð ðIððve€seen€him€before.€€Iððve€seen€his€face;ððÐ ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(4)€the€short€span€of€time€she€viewed€the€shooter;Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(5)€witnessðð€failure€to€adequately€determine€the€distance€from€herÏvantage€point€to€the€shooter;Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(6)€the€emotional€state€of€the€witness;Ð@,8%(` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(7)€the€bias€of€the€witness;€Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(8)€the€unfamiliarity€of€the€witness€with€the€appellant;Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(9)€the€witness€mischaracterization€of€the€weather€conditions;Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(10)€the€expectation€of€the€witness€after€the€victim€told€her€he€wasÏmeeting€ð ðRabbit;ðð€andÐ ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à(11)€unconscious€transference.׃×Ý ƒ %ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×и °` ü!` ü! МÌÌ›ÌÌÓÓà ` àAt€trial,€Chante€Jenkins€testified€that€she€got€a€good€look€at€the€face€of€theÏperson€who€shot€her€cousin.€€Although€she€testified€that€she€observed€the€shooterÏfrom€her€kitchen€window€from€a€distance€of€approximately€fifty€feet€her€identificationÏtestimony€remained€firm.€€œMs.›€Jenkins€testified€œthat€during€this€encounter,›€she€was€inÏa€position€to€observe€the€appellant€and€the€second€person,€ð ðwhen€œ[Leatherwood]›Ïwas€walking€up€towards€them.€€I€was€watching€where€he€was€œgoing;ð𛀀œthen›€as€sheÏsaw€the€œtwo€men›€approaching€Leatherwood,€œthey›€had€their€ððfrontsðð€to€her.€€.€.€.€Ïð ðThey€stood€there€together.ðð€.€.€.€then€she€related€that€she€could€see€the€appellantððsÏð ðlips€movingðð€but€could€not€hear€anything€and,€œseveral›€seconds€later,€she€ð ðsaw€KeithÏturn€and€run.ðð€€€€ÌÌà ` àWith€reference€to€the€appellantððs€œarguments›€involving€unconsciousÏtransference,€the€appellantððs€unfamiliarity€of€the€witness,€her€statement,€ð ðIððve€seenÏhim€before.€€Iððve€seen€his€faceðð€and€her€expectation€of€meeting€œð ðRabbitññ,ñññ‘ñ.ñ‘ñððñ“ñ›€›ñ“ññ’ñ€tñ’ññ”ñ›€Tñ”ñhe›Ïfollowing€relevant€portions€of€Ms.€Jenkinsðð€testimony€were€introduced:ÌÓÓà8 ` àœñšñÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐÐ x-p&) Ðñšññ›ñà8 ` àñ›ñQ.›€€Okay.€€Now€I€guess€my€question,€and€I€need€to€back€up,€is€as€yourÏcousin€was€walking€out€meeting€the€two€individuals,€at€what€point€didÏyou€recognize€one€of€the€individuals€as€being€Rabbit?Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.€€I€didnððt.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.€€When€you€saw€the€two€individuals€whom€you€have€described€orÏtold€us€about€walking€up€to€meet€your€cousin,€at€what€point,€if€at€all,€didÏyou€realize,€or€did€you€realize€you€had€seen€that€person€before?Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.€€When€I€saw€the€person,€I€didnððt€realize€it€was€who€he€said€he€wasÏgoing€to€meet€until€when€I€came€downtown€and€gave€my€statement,Ïand€they€asked€me€to€pick€out€the€picture,€and€I€picked€it€out,€and€still,Ïat€that€point,€I€didnððt€know€who€it€was.€€Even€when€they€told€me€hisÏname,€I€didnððt€know€who€it€was€until€the€newspaper€printing€(sic)€it€theÏnext€day.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Jenkins€testified:ÌÌà8 ` àA.€€I€picked€the€person€that€I€saw€that€day.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àQ.€€Well,€you€picked€out€the€picture€of€a€face€that€you€had€previouslyÏbeen€told€was€the€face€of€a€man€named€Rabbit;€is€that€correct?Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌà8 ` àA.€€I€picked€out€the€picture€of€the€person€I€saw€that€evening.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓœñ—ñÌñ—ñ›à ` àThe€proof€also€established€that,€after€Ms.€Jenkins€had€identified€the€appellantÏfrom€the€police€photo€line„up,€she€remarked,€ð ðIððve€seen€him€before.€€Iððve€seen€hisÏface.ðð€€Although,€perhaps€more€than€one€inference€could€have€been€drawn€from€thisÏproof,€clearly€a€rational€juror€could€properly€infer€that€the€witnessðð€identification€of€theÏappellant€was€based€upon€her€observation€of€the€shooter€on€the€afternoon€ofÏOctober€22€and€not€from€a€prior€occasion.€€It€was€only€after€she€had€identified€theÏappellant€from€the€police€line„up€that€she€also€recalled€ð ðIððve€seen€him€before.€€IððveÏseen€his€face.ðð€€In€a€criminal€case,€if€more€than€one€reasonable€inference€can€beÏdrawn€from€the€evidence,€then€on€œappellañ•ñnñ•ñtñ–ñeñ–ñ›€review,€we€are€required€to€apply€thatÏinference€most€favorable€to€the€State.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).ÌÔ#†X<ëXX X²0;#ÔÌÔ‡ X²0XXX<ëÔà ` àThe€credible€testimony€of€one€identification€witness€is€sufficient€to€support€aÐ Ô5Ì.2 Ðconviction€if€the€witness€viewed€the€accused€under€such€circumstances€as€wouldÏpermit€a€positive€identification€to€be€made.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885€S.W.2d€85,Ð ”9Œ26 Ð87„88€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€Ô#†X<ëXX X²0âM#ÔInconsistency,€inaccuracy€and€omissions€in€theÐ  Ðdescription€of€a€defendant€by€a€witness€who€is€otherwise€able€to€positively€identifyÏthe€defendant€are€questions€for€the€jury€to€consider€in€determining€the€weight€to€beÏgiven€the€testimony.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.Ð „ | ÐCrim.€App.€1990).€€Further,€although€inconsistencies€or€inaccuracies€may€make€theÏwitness€a€less€credible€witness,€the€juryððs€verdict€will€not€be€disturbed€unless€theÏinaccuracies€or€inconsistencies€are€so€improbable€or€unsatisfactory€as€to€create€aÏreasonable€doubt€of€the€appellantððs€guilt.€€The€verdict€of€the€jury€in€this€case€isÏsupported€by€the€evidence.€€The€positive€identification€testimony€of€the€witness,ÏChante€Jenkins,€œsufficienñ¡ñcñ¡ññŸññžñ€tñžññŸññ ñtlñ ñy›€supports€the€appellantððs€œconvictionñ¢ñ;€her€testimonyñ¢ññ£ñ›€andñ£ñ›€is€notÏso€improbable€or€unsatisfactory€as€to€œcreateñ¤ñ€raiseñ¤ñ›€a€reasonable€doubt€of€the€appellantððsÏguilt.ÌÌà ` àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€judgment€of€conviction€is€affirmed.ÌœñœñÌñœññŸñ›ñŸññœñÌñœññŸñ›ñŸññœñÌñœññŸñ›ñŸññœñÌñœñ›ÌœññÌññ›ÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________________________à È àÐ &3,1 ÐNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€Judge