’WPC ;÷¹Qę„[•$šõ^żˆ˜89‚1³AŌćszyXÕDh [—$ŚÓ›Ć+oX!ėAA›0,ø“žhŹżHÖt’@ĄuŹšÖ•­k·š¤éż_ZļŅAzÜ$=Į›č8…2ow Ļt!7}š¦/Ōā3nPs½ ŚŸSS+<æ¦nļ‰j}µĒīes3¢“‚5jĻTĒ/1=( /tś,;ŅśƒÆQ>ĮŸ]a£Vč”3×={ńčŁ5Ę ‹ĮuŽ”śy³Õ°Ū‘F‡}¼BŠ”Knµvõ=¦u6†(ŲH8ż£OŸ‡M;eXƒčŗĢ™/‰2g‚·SrĪ2«óŅŗPź ½Ńq¢BŠŹ÷v°%ó×“h23ó”}ƒĆÓP4-įÓÉęhųļS>˜SPčN֜ܯKõÄę‘ģų\l.‰…ŖCĆW/Z~¶ŠŠa2¶kSœōž—fźŃŅĻ[@ėT ĀĻZ£sžo"lvJÓŌ©šĮū8éų…\‡fńšüń»Ž#(.ü *hM“<ģ“-ćs ø>œ •½Uʈ”l+É56Ź ųŲ¾X„e€\ąCIšĶ&ŸēџŲŠµ®+ĢļA^ģ!DuLĆnQĮ†u±Rµ)§b#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 UNæ w 4 z% ŅŸ q € m‚ UN™ Ęē Ę­ ĘsĘ9Ą’Næ 0DĮĮEb 0ė Bśś 0¤ D3» D-ī 0K ASfĘ¹ 0¤ 0D# A«g˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ŅV,,,,ŅV0»twļ.Ļ (`£Ŗ$””Ń€.ŃŃ8€½­»»d»»d8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  Ó(ķ€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularlk.ertyBar¼¾ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ’U‹’ĄĄĄ&Öd9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 ¶Ż ƒR³ŗ$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¤Œņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌņņSeeóó€ņņMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436€(1966).(#Ć$ņņŚ  Ś0Ś  Śóó- ł-(|G2³ŗ$¤¤Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€“©»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¤Œņ»»Ō d(|3’$££Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€“©»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻVVVV'’’dxd)!ČČČČdxdx( ±ž$’’ņ ņFigure€Ś  Ś1Ś  Śó ó^_X`YEž’<<C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3’$¢¢Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€“©»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Ż($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8’’’’’’’’’’C’’ HKKKKŻ ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€“©»»ddČ8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃ  ŃŃ  ŃŌ€¼“©»»»ŌŃ8€ÅWXXdé»»d8Ńą@hhģąŌ‡ī{ī»¼“©ŌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆŠ ° Šą@gg$ģąAT€NASHVILLEŌ#†¼“©»īī{ #ŌˆŠ Ó# ŠÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€ą @` ąJanuary€15,€2003Š öF ŠŌ‡XÅWX»¼“©ŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼“©»XXÅW#ŌņņSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€ņņóóWILLIAM€BRIAN€ROBINSONŌ‡XÅWX»¼“©Ōó óŠ ļ? ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyŠ é 9 Šą@@ųųģąNo.€2001„A„383€€€€€€Steve€R.€Dozier,€JudgeŠ Ó # ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` Aߊ ‘į  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€M2002„00665„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€July€11,€Ō_Ō2003Ō_ŌŠ ŠŚ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<]` Aߊ ^®  Šó óĢÓ  ÓŌ‡ XļÅXXXÅWŌThe€Davidson€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€Defendant€for€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€AŠ V¦  ŠDavidson€County€jury€found€the€Defendant€guilty€as€charged,€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€toŠ ? Šlife€imprisonment.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals,€claiming€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€as€aŠ (x Šmatter€of€law€to€sustain€the€verdict,€and€in€particular,€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€proveŠ a Špremeditation.€€Finding€no€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Š śJ ŠŌ#†XÅWXX XļÅĒ#ŌŌ#†¼“©»XXÅW“#ŌŌ‡XÅWX»¼“©ŌÓ»ÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óŠ Ģ ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼“©»ąXÅWd#ŌŌ‡XÅWX.¼“©ŌRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€H.€Wellesóó€andŠ Ÿļ ŠņņThomas€T.€Woodall,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š ˆŲ ŠĢGregory€D.€Smith€(on€appeal),€Clarksville,€Tennessee;€and€Robert€J.€Turner€(at€trial),€Nashville,Š ZŖ ŠTennessee,€for€the€appellant,€William€Brian€Robinson.Š C“ ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€David€H.€Findley,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Š e ŠVictor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€Ō_ŌKatrinŌ_Ō€N.€Miller€and€Angelita€Dalton,€AssistantŠ žN ŠDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š ē 7  ŠÓÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼“©»XXÅW0#ŌŌ‡XÅWX»¼“©ŌŠ ¹" " ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼“©»XXÅWt #ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XÅWX»¼“©ŌŌ‡ XļÅXXXÅWŌą  ąŌ_ŌLakeishaŌ_Ō€Green,€the€victimššs€daughter,€testified€that€the€victim€had€been€previously€married,Š Œ$Ü$ Šand€had€gone€by€the€names€Sheila€Ō_ŌCallowayŌ_Ō,€Sheila€Green,€Sheila€Ō_ŌMatlockŌ_Ō,€and€again€SheilaŠ u%Å % ŠŌ_ŌCallowayŌ_Ō,€in€that€order.€€Green€stated€that€the€last€time€she€saw€her€mother€was€around€October€20,Š ^&®!& Š2000,€approximately€three€weeks€before€her€motherššs€death.€€She€testified€that€she€had€visited€herŠ G'—"' Šmother€four€or€five€times€between€June€and€October€of€2000€and€that€she€had€stayed€in€the€houseŠ 0(€#( Šthat€her€mother€rented€at€1528€22ndņņóó€Avenue€North.€€She€reported€that€she€learned€of€her€motherššsŠ )i$) Šdeath€on€November€10,€2000.€€She€testified€that€she€met€the€Defendant€in€mid„September€of€2000,Š *R%* Šand€that€her€mother€had€been€in€a€relationship€with€him€at€that€time.€€She€also€stated€that€her€motherŠ ė*;&+ Šhad€been€right„handed.€€On€cross„examination,€Green€acknowledged€that€her€mother€had€been€livingŠ Ō+$', Šā āat€1901€Murfreesboro€Road,€Apt.€101.€€On€re„direct,€Green€affirmed€that€while€her€mother€wasŠ ½, (-ż Šliving€with€the€Defendant,€she€continued€to€maintain€her€residence€on€22ndņņóó€Avenue€in€livingŠ ° Šcondition.€Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąOfficer€Dan€Whitley,€a€police€officer€with€the€Metropolitan€Nashville€Police€Department,Š k» Štestified€that€he€was€assigned€to€South€Patrol€on€November€9,€2000.€€He€stated€that€on€that€date,€heŠ T¤ Šreceived€a€radio€dispatch€at€11:29€a.m.,€and€he€responded€to€1901€Murfreesboro€Road€at€11:32€a.m.€Š =  ŠHe€reported€that€the€address€was€an€apartment€complex€known€as€the€Ō_ŌCanterchaseŌ_Ō€Apartments,Š & v Šwithin€Davidson€County,€and€that€he€went€to€apartment€101.€€He€stated€that€he€was€the€first€officerŠ  _ Što€arrive€at€the€scene,€and€that€when€he€knocked€on€the€apartment€door,€the€Defendant€answeredŠ ų H Šwithin€a€minute€and€came€out€of€the€apartment.€€Whitley€reported€seeing€blood€on€the€DefendantššsŠ į 1  Šhands€and€arms.€€He€stated€that€the€Defendant€had€his€arms€out€and€that€š šhe€just€slowly€turnedŠ Ź   Šaround€and€put€his€hands€back€behind€his€back€and€said,€š šCuff€me.€€Cuff€me.šš€€Officer€WhitleyŠ ³  Šdescribed€the€Defendant€as€appearing€very€worried€and€shocked,€though€he€could€not€tell€if€theŠ œģ  ŠDefendant€had€been€crying.€€He€reported€that€at€the€time,€the€Defendant€said,€š šI€messed€up,šš€but€heŠ …Õ  Šmade€no€other€statements€to€him.€€Officer€Whitley€later€acknowledged€that€Ō_ŌthatŌ_Ō€statement€was€notŠ n¾  Šin€his€report,€but€insisted,€š šI€do€recall€that€he€did€indeed€say€that.€€Itššs€my€mistake€by€not€putting€itŠ W§  Šhere€in€my€report,€but€I€do€vividly€recall€him€saying€that.šš€€He€testified€that€he€asked€the€DefendantŠ @ Šif€anyone€was€hurt€inside€the€apartment,€to€which€the€Defendant€replied,€š šShe€is€dead.šš€€He€reportedŠ )y Šthat€he€then€asked€the€Defendant€whether€his€own€safety€was€at€stake,€and€the€Defendant€replied,Š b Šš šNo.šš€Š ūK ŠĢą  ąOfficer€Whitley€testified€that€he€handcuffed€the€Defendant,€placed€him€on€some€steps€justŠ Ķ Šoutside€the€apartment€door€where€he€could€š špretty€muchšš€see€him,€and€went€inside€the€apartment.€Š ¶ ŠInside€the€apartment,€he€found€blood€on€the€carpet,€the€victim€lying€on€her€back€in€the€living€room,Š Ÿļ Šand€a€large€knife€lying€next€to€her€body.€€He€acknowledged€that€the€Defendant€made€no€attempt€toŠ ˆŲ Šflee€the€scene.€€He€testified€that,€š š[Ō_Ōt]hereŌ_Ō€was€blood€in€the€doorway€area€on€the€carpet,€there€wasŠ qĮ Šsome€on€the€walls,€and€there€was€a€large€amount€of€blood€there€where€the€victim€was€laying.šš€€HeŠ ZŖ Šalso€stated€that€the€Defendant€had€blood€all€over€his€arms€and€hands€and€that€he€had€some€on€hisŠ C“ Šclothing.€He€reported€that€the€victimššs€head€was€propped€up€by€a€pillow,€and€that€there€were€someŠ ,| Šblankets€or€towels€and€some€type€of€breathing€machine€next€to€her.€€He€also€mentioned€the€presenceŠ e Šof€an€ironing€board.€€In€describing€the€victim,€Whitley€stated€that€š š[Ō_Ōs]heŌ_Ō€looked€like€she€was€deadŠ žN Šand€lifeless€and€discolored;€and€I€took€her€pulse,€and€she€had€no€pulse€and€she€had€expired.šš€Š ē 7 Šą  ąĢą  ąWhitley€testified€that€paramedics€arrived€at€the€scene€approximately€ten€or€fifteen€minutesŠ ¹" ! Šafter€him.€€He€stated€that€when€they€arrived€they€checked€the€victim€for€a€pulse,€found€none,€andŠ ¢#ņ" Šhooked€her€up€to€an€EKG€machine€which€showed€no€response.€€He€stated€that€after€the€paramedicsŠ ‹$Ū# Šarrived,€he€set€up€command€at€11:38€a.m.€and€requested€assistance€from€Homicide,€Identification,Š t%Ä $ Šand€the€Domestic€Violence€Division€units.€€He€reported€the€subsequent€arrival€of€the€IdentificationŠ ]&­!% Šand€Homicide€units.€€Officer€Whitley€also€testified€that€not€long€after€he€had€arrived€at€the€scene,Š F'–"& ŠOfficer€Mike€Sanders€arrived,€took€the€Defendant,€and€placed€him€in€the€backseat€of€his€car.€Š /(#' Šą  ąą ` ąĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Whitley€acknowledged€that€part€of€his€standard€procedure€wasŠ *Q%) Što€truly€and€accurately€record€in€his€reports€any€statements€made€by€defendants€or€suspects.Š ź*:&* ŠAlthough,€he€denied€that€it€was€policy€to€record€all€statements,€he€noted€that€any€statements€madeŠ Ó+#'+ Šby€a€defendant€or€a€suspect€pertaining€to€a€case€would€be€recorded.€€He€testified€that€the€call€fromŠ ° Šthe€dispatcher€was€announced€as€a€code€1051,€a€priority€code€which€denotes€a€stabbing.€€He€testifiedŠ ™é Šthat€the€dispatcher€had€informed€the€officers€that€š šthe€Defendant€had€called€his€mother€and€explainedŠ ‚Ņ Što€her€that€heššd€gotten€in€a€fight€with€his€girlfriend€andš!šand€that€he€thought€heššd€killed€her.šš€Š k» Šą  ąĢą  ąOfficer€Michael€Sanders,€a€police€officer€of€more€than€13€years,€testified€that€he€alsoŠ =  Šresponded€to€the€scene€around€11:30€a.m.€€He€stated€that€when€he€arrived,€the€Defendant€was€eitherŠ & v Šsitting€or€standing€outside€the€apartment,€and€Officer€Whitley€was€standing€in€the€doorway€to€theŠ  _ Šapartment€where€he€could€keep€an€eye€on€the€Defendant.€€He€reported€he€was€not€aware€that€theŠ ų H ŠDefendant€had€been€left€alone€outside€by€Officer€Whitley€prior€to€his€own€arrival.€€He€described€theŠ į 1  ŠDefendant€as€appearing€upset€but€did€not€notice€whether€or€not€he€was€actually€crying.€€He€testifiedŠ Ź   Šthat€the€Defendant€was€cooperative.€Š ³  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąą x ąą Š ąĢą  ąOfficer€Sanders€testified€that€while€he€was€watching€the€Defendant,€the€Defendant€beganŠ …Õ  Štalking,€stating,€š šI€did€it.€€I€loved€her.€€I€was€wrong€for€what€I€did€to€her.šš€€He€stated€that€theŠ n¾  ŠDefendant€then€asked€him€if€he€was€going€to€be€charged€with€murder,€to€which€Officer€SandersŠ W§  Šreplied€that€he€did€not€know.€€He€further€testified,€š šSuspect€stated€that€he€and€victim€got€into€a€fightŠ @ Šand€that€she,€the€victim,€had€cut€him;€but€that€he€did€not€have€to€strike€back,€a€man€is€supposed€toŠ )y Šbe€stronger€than€that.šš€€Sanders€reported€that€the€Defendant€informed€Ō_ŌMedComŌ_Ō€that€the€victim€hadŠ b Šbeen€stabbed€approximately€one€hour€before.€€He€testified€that€shortly€thereafter,€the€Defendant€wasŠ ūK Šplaced€in€the€backseat€of€his€patrol€car.€€Sanders€reported€that€shortly€after€being€placed€in€the€patrolŠ ä4 Šcar,€the€Defendant€again€began€to€talk,€stating€several€times€that€š šhe€was€sorry,€and€he€should€notŠ Ķ Šhave€done€it.€€Suspect€asked€to€have€shoes€brought€out€to€him€and€also€to€see€victim€one€last€time.šš€Š ¶ ŠSanders€stated€that€he€told€the€Defendant€he€would€let€the€detective€know€about€the€DefendantššsŠ Ÿļ Šrequests.€€He€reported€that€after€Detective€Mike€Smith€arrived,€the€Defendant€stated€that€š šthis€wouldŠ ˆŲ Šnot€take€much€investigation,€that€he€would€tell€the€detective€anything€that€he€wanted€to€know.šš€€€€Š qĮ ŠĢą  ąSanders€testified€that€when€Detective€Smith€approached€the€car€to€ask€Sanders€a€question,Š C“ ŠSanders€informed€him€that€the€Defendant€had€not€yet€been€read€his€ņņMirandaóó€warnings,€to€which€theŠ ,| ŠDefendant€blurted€out,€š šI€waive€ņņMirandaóó.šš€€Sanders€stated€that€the€Defendant€was€then€transportedŠ e Što€the€detectivesšš€offices,€where€the€Defendant€told€Officer€Sanders€that€the€Defendant€had€stabbedŠ žN Šthe€victim€two€times.€€Sanders€testified€that€a€tape€was€made€while€the€Defendant€was€still€in€transit;Š ē 7 Šhowever,€he€did€not€believe€the€tape€was€audible.€€Š Š!   ŠĢą  ąSanders€further€testified€that€the€only€questions€he€asked€the€Defendant€pertained€toŠ ¢#ņ" Šinformation€needed€for€the€booking€process.€€He€testified€that€because€he€was€not€sure€about€theŠ ‹$Ū# ŠņņMirandaóó€warnings€and€because€a€detective€was€going€to€get€involved,€he€followed€his€usual€customŠ t%Ä $ Šand€did€not€ask€any€questions€pertaining€to€the€incident€that€led€him€to€respond€to€the€dispatch€call.€Š ]&­!% Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąĢą  ąDetective€Brad€Corcoran€testified€that€he€had€been€employed€by€the€Metropolitan€PoliceŠ /(#' ŠDepartment€for€15€years€and€that€he€had€been€a€detective€in€the€Homicide€Section€for€four€years.€Š )h$( ŠHe€stated€that€prior€to€his€assignment€with€the€Homicide€Section,€he€had€worked€in€the€IdentificationŠ *Q%) Šā āSection€as€a€crime€scene€investigator€for€nine€years.€€He€explained€that€as€a€crime€scene€investigator,Š ź*:&* Šhis€job€had€been€to€bring€the€scene€of€a€crime€to€court€through€photography,€diagrams,€and€physicalŠ ° Ševidence.€Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąDetective€Corcoran€testified€that€when€he€arrived€at€the€Defendantššs€apartment€on€NovemberŠ k» Š9,€2000,€the€Defendant€was€already€being€transported.€€He€stated€that€he€did€a€walk„through€of€theŠ T¤ Šcrime€scene,€made€an€assessment,€and€canvassed€the€area€to€find€out€if€any€neighbors€heard€or€sawŠ =  Šanything.€€€Š & v Šą  ąĢą  ąDetective€Corcoran€identifiedŌ#†XÅWXX XļÅż #ŌŌ‡ XļÅXXXÅWŌ€in€court€a€diagram€of€the€crime€scene.€€He€stated€that€theŠ ų H Švictimššs€body€was€still€present€in€the€apartment€at€the€time€of€his€walk„through,€and€that€becauseŠ į 1  Šthere€were€no€signs€of€life,€the€body€was€left€as€it€was€found€to€aid€the€authorities€in€trying€toŠ Ź   Šrecreate€or€determine€what€had€happened.€€He€indicated€on€the€diagram€where€the€body€had€beenŠ ³  Šfound,€as€well€as€an€antenna,€a€long€blood€streak,€a€butcher€knife,€a€microwave,€and€variousŠ œģ  Šbloodstains.€€Consistent€with€the€diagram,€he€testified€that€the€long€blood€streak€was€in€the€livingŠ …Õ  Šarea,€with€other€bloodstains€in€the€kitchen€area,€in€the€foyer€near€the€door,€around€the€wall,€and€closeŠ n¾  Što€the€victim.€€He€reported€that€the€butcher€knife€was€found€just€to€the€left€side€of€the€victim€on€theŠ W§  Šfloor.€Š @ ŠĢą  ąCorcoran€identified€photographs€of€the€victim€with€the€butcher€knife€lying€to€the€left€side€ofŠ b Šher€body.€€Corcoran€also€identified€photographs€of€a€steak€knife€found€on€the€kitchen€table,€theŠ ūK Šbutcher€knife€found€next€to€the€victimššs€body,€bloodstains€in€the€foyer,€bloodstains€on€the€carpetŠ ä4 Šleaving€the€foyer,€š šcast„offšš€stains€found€high€on€the€dining€room€or€living€room€wall,€the€view€fromŠ Ķ Šthe€living€room,€the€carpet€in€the€living€area,€the€bedroom,€the€bed€and€telephone,€the€kitchen€area,Š ¶ Šincluding€transfer„pattern€bloodstains,€and€the€kitchen€floor,€including€a€faint€transfer€bloodstain.€Š Ÿļ ŠCorcoran€testified€that€the€steak€knife€had€been€found€on€the€corner€of€the€kitchen€table€in€the€diningŠ ˆŲ Šroom.€ą  ąŠ qĮ ŠĢą  ąDetective€Corcoran€explained€that€š šcast„offšš€stains€occur€when€blood€that€had€been€on€someŠ C“ Štype€of€surface€is€š šactually€cast€from€that€object€or€the€body€onto€another€surface.šš€€He€testified€thatŠ ,| Šthe€š šcast„offšš€stains€found€on€the€dining€room€or€living€room€wall€would€have€resulted€from€someŠ e Štype€of€movement,€such€as€moving€a€personššs€hand€back€and€forth;€however,€he€did€not€know€if€theŠ žN Šobject€that€had€cast€the€blood€was€a€hand€or€one€of€the€knives.€€Corcoran€explained€that€š štransferŠ ē 7 Špatternsšš€are€created€when€blood€is€transferred€from€one€object€to€another€through€direct€physicalŠ Š!   Šcontact,€as€opposed€to€a€š šcast„offšš€motion.€€Corcoran€further€testified€that€most€of€the€blood€foundŠ ¹" ! Šin€the€apartment€was€at€the€foyer€or€the€front€door.€€He€noted€that€the€apartment€did€not€appear€toŠ ¢#ņ" Šbe€in€disarray,€and€that€other€than€the€blood,€š šyou€couldnššt€depict€this€apartment€as€having€a€signŠ ‹$Ū# Šof€struggle€in€it.šš€€He€reported€that€despite€canvassing€the€area€for€witnesses,€no€one,€not€even€theŠ t%Ä $ Šnext€door€neighbor€had€seen€or€heard€anything.€€€€Š ]&­!% ŠĢą  ąOfficer€William€Ō_ŌMerrymanŌ_Ō€testified€that€he€had€been€a€police€officer€for€twenty„six€years,Š /(#' Šand€that€he€had€spent€twenty„one€of€those€years€with€the€Metropolitan€Police€Department,Š )h$( ŠIdentification€Section.€€He€testified€that€he€assisted€in€processing€the€crime€scene.€€He€stated€that€heŠ *Q%) Šcreated€a€diagram€of€the€crime€scene€while€all€the€evidence€was€still€in€place.€€He€testified€that€heŠ ź*:&* Šcollected€twelve€blood€samples€and€a€substance€sample€from€the€apartment.€€The€blood€samplesŠ Ó+#'+ Šwere€taken€from€a€kitchen€cabinet€door,€the€east€wall€in€the€dining€room,€the€wall€behind€theŠ ° Šmicrowave€in€the€kitchen,€the€counter€top€behind€the€microwave,€the€counter€top€near€theŠ ™é Šmicrowave,€the€north€wall€in€the€living€room,€the€kitchen€floor,€the€floor€by€the€front€door,€and€theŠ ‚Ņ Šinside€of€the€front€door.€€He€also€testified€that€he€took€a€sample€of€a€red€substance€from€the€bathroomŠ k» Šsink.€€He€stated€that€when€he€took€the€blood€samples,€some€were€wet€but€most€of€them€were€dry,€andŠ T¤ Šthat€there€was€no€way€to€tell€how€long€the€dry€samples€had€been€there.€Š =  ŠĢą  ąOfficer€Raymond€Ō_ŌRaderŌ_Ō,€Jr.€testified€that€he€had€been€with€the€Metropolitan€PoliceŠ  _ ŠDepartment€for€twenty„six€years€and€that€he€had€been€assigned€to€the€Technical€InvestigationŠ ų H ŠSection,€Identification,€for€the€past€fourteen€years.€€He€reported€that€he€was€the€first€IdentificationŠ į 1  Šofficer€to€arrive€on€the€scene€and€that€the€Defendant€was€still€there€at€that€point.€€He€noted€seeingŠ Ź   Ša€considerable€amount€of€blood€splatter€on€the€wall,€on€the€door,€and€on€the€floor,€with€the€deceasedŠ ³  Švictim€lying€on€the€far€side€of€the€apartment€in€the€living€room.€€He€also€collected€some€evidenceŠ œģ  Šhimself,€including€a€respirator€found€near€the€victimššs€body.Š …Õ  ŠĢą  ąDetective€Mike€Smith€testified€that€he€had€been€a€police€detective€for€the€Metropolitan€PoliceŠ W§  ŠDepartment,€Homicide€Division,€for€seventeen€years,€and€that€he€had€been€a€police€officer€forŠ @ Štwenty„nine€years.€€He€stated€that€he€was€assigned€as€the€lead€investigator€in€this€case€and€that€heŠ )y Šarrived€at€the€scene€of€the€crime€just€after€noon.€€He€stated€that€he€was€briefed€by€two€patrol€officers,Š b Šand€he€then€proceeded€to€review€the€scene.€€He€reported€that€the€Defendant€was€still€at€the€scene,Š ūK Šand€that€since€the€Defendant€was€willing€to€speak€to€him,€the€Defendant€was€transported€by€OfficerŠ ä4 ŠSanders€to€the€Criminal€Justice€Center€for€a€videotaped€interview.€€Detective€Smith€identified€inŠ Ķ Šcourt€the€Defendant€as€the€suspect€he€interviewed.€Š ¶ ŠĢą  ąDetective€Smith€testified€that€prior€to€interviewing€the€Defendant,€he€advised€him€of€hisŠ ˆŲ Šconstitutional€rights€under€ņņMirandaóó,׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀and€that€this€warning€was€included€on€the€interview€tape.€Š qĮ ŠSmith€identified€the€tape€at€trial,€and€it€was€entered€as€evidence€and€played€for€the€jury.€€During€theŠ ZŖ Štaped€interview€the€Defendant€made€reference€to€some€injuries€on€his€arms.€€Detective€SmithŠ C“ Štestified€that€he€observed€these€injuries,€and€described€one€as€a€š šscratch„type€of€wound,€and€the€otherŠ ,| Š.€.€.€maybe€a€puncture€with€some€dry€blood€around€it.šš€€Photographs€of€the€Defendant€in€theŠ e Šinterview€room,€including€two€of€his€wounds,€were€admitted€into€evidence€and€shown€to€the€jury.€Š žN ŠOne€of€the€photographs€depicted€the€Defendantššs€right€arm,€and€another€depicted€his€left€arm.€€SmithŠ ē 7 Štestified€that€the€wounds€were€not€actively€bleeding€when€he€observed€them,€the€Defendant€did€notŠ Š!   Šseek€medical€assistance,€nor€was€any€given€to€him.€€€Š ¹" ! ŠĢą  ąDuring€the€taped€interview,€the€Defendant€made€a€number€of€incriminating€statements,Š ‹$Ū# Šincluding€that€the€victim€had€barely€š šscrapedšš€him€and€that€š šshe€wouldnššt€hurt€[him]€in€a€millionŠ t%Ä $ Šyears.šš€€The€Defendant€conceded€that€š šit€wasnššt€her€faultšš€and€stated€that€š šshe€didnššt€do€anythingŠ ]&­!% Što€justify€what€I€did.šš€€Finally,€he€stated€that€after€he€stabbed€the€victim€in€the€back,€he€š šcould€haveŠ F'–"& Šstopped€there.šš€€Š /(#' ŠŠ )h$( Šą  ąDetective€Smith€reported€that€after€the€photographs€were€taken,Ō#†XÅWXX XļÅz9#ŌŌ‡ XļÅXXXÅWŌ€the€Defendantššs€clothes€wereŠ ° Šsent€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(TBI)€Crime€Lab€for€examination.€€He€identified€theŠ ™é Šclothes€in€court,€and€they€were€admitted€as€evidence.€€He€stated€that€he€eventually€took€all€theŠ ‚Ņ Ševidence€collected€from€the€apartment,€as€well€as€a€sample€of€the€Defendantššs€blood,€to€the€TBIŠ k» ŠCrime€Lab€for€analysis.€€He€testified€that€he€had€also€taken€a€taped€statement€from€the€DefendantššsŠ T¤ Šmother,€Viola€Robinson.€€Detective€Smith€reported€that€the€Defendant€had€no€apparent€physicalŠ =  Šhandicaps€when€he€interviewed€him,€that€he€did€not€use€a€walker€at€that€time,€and€that€he€did€notŠ & v Šcomplain€of€any€physical€ailments.€€The€detective€also€stated€that€he€took€no€statements€from€theŠ  _ ŠDefendant€other€than€those€on€the€videotape.€€Detective€Smith€testified€that€the€first€time€he€saw€theŠ ų H ŠDefendant€was€in€the€backseat€of€Officer€Sandersšš€car.€€He€recalled€that€the€Defendant€was€upsetŠ į 1  Šand€his€voice€was€whining€and€trembling.€€However,€he€did€not€recall€that€the€Defendant€actuallyŠ Ź   Šwas€crying.Š ³  ŠĢą  ąJohn€E.€Gerber,€M.D.,€testified€as€an€expert€in€the€field€of€forensic€pathology.€€He€explainedŠ …Õ  Šthat€a€forensic€pathologist€examines€autopsy€tissue€to€determine€the€cause€and€manner€of€death.€€Dr.Š n¾  ŠGerber€prepared€a€report€of€the€autopsy€which€was€performed€on€the€victim€on€November€10,€2000,Š W§  Šand€it€was€admitted€as€evidence.€€Dr.€Gerber€testified€that€delaying€the€autopsy€until€the€day€afterŠ @ Šthe€victimššs€death€would€not€affect€the€results,€as€the€body€was€kept€in€a€cooler€which€minimizedŠ )y Šany€decomposition.€€Dr.€Gerber€diagnosed€the€cause€of€the€victimššs€death€as€š šmultiple€stab€woundsŠ b Šof€the€torso€or€the€chest,€abdominal€area,šš€and€stated€that€š šthe€manner€of€death€was€determined€toŠ ūK Šbe€a€homicide.šš€€He€reported€that€the€body€of€the€victim€was€five€feet,€three€inches€in€height€andŠ ä4 Šweighed€155€pounds.€€He€testified€that€the€body€had€two€stab€wounds,€one€in€the€front€left€upperŠ Ķ Šchest,€and€the€other€in€the€left€upper€back.€€He€could€not€tell€which€wound€had€been€inflicted€first.€Š ¶ ŠHe€testified€that€the€front€wound€evidenced€a€five€to€six€inch€penetration€depth€and€that€it€resultedŠ Ÿļ Šin€a€fractured€left€second€rib,€a€lacerated€upper€lobe€of€the€left€lung,€a€lacerated€pericardium,€and€aŠ ˆŲ Šsuperficial€penetration€of€the€left€side€of€the€heart.€€He€reported€that€the€back€wound€had€a€depth€ofŠ qĮ Šthree€to€four€inches,€but€that€it€was€very€superficial,€meaning€that€it€ran€parallel€to€the€surface€of€theŠ ZŖ Šbody.€€He€testified€that€a€significant€amount€of€force€would€be€necessary€to€penetrate€a€rib,€as€wasŠ C“ Šdone€to€the€victim€through€the€frontal€wound.€€He€testified€as€to€the€size€of€the€wounds,€and€afterŠ ,| Šexamining€the€butcher€knife€in€evidence,€he€concluded€that€they€were€consistent€with€injuries€thatŠ e Šwould€be€inflicted€by€the€blade€on€such€a€knife.€€Dr.€Gerber€testified€that€the€back€wound€aloneŠ žN Šwould€not€have€been€fatal.€€He€stated€that€the€front€wound€actually€killed€the€victim.€€He€estimatedŠ ē 7 Šthat€with€those€wounds,€the€victim€could€have€lived€for€as€long€as€twenty€or€thirty€minutes.€€Dr.Š Š!   ŠGerber€stated€that€although€he€could€not€testify€to€a€reasonable€medical€certainty€as€to€how€long€theŠ ¹" ! Švictim€lived,€the€fact€that€she€had€a€collapsed€lung€and€damage€to€her€heart€put€her€at€great€risk€forŠ ¢#ņ" Ša€fairly€sudden€death.€€He€also€concluded€that€without€urgent€and€immediate€medical€attention,€theŠ ‹$Ū# Švictimššs€injuries€would€be€fatal.Š t%Ä $ ŠĢą  ąMargaret€Bash€testified€that€she€was€employed€by€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€InvestigationŠ F'–"& ŠCrime€Laboratory€as€a€forensic€scientist,€specializing€in€serology€and€DNA€analysis.€€Bash€testifiedŠ /(#' Šthat€the€victimššs€blood€was€found€on€the€respirator,€a€piece€of€carpet,€a€blanket,€a€butcher€knifeŠ )h$( Šfound€near€the€victim,€and€in€the€blood€samples€from€the€front€door,€the€kitchen€cabinet€door,€theŠ *Q%) Šeast€dining€room€wall,€the€counter€near€the€microwave,€the€living€room,€and€the€kitchen€floor.€€SheŠ ź*:&* Šstated€that€she€similarly€tested€a€piece€of€antenna,€but€did€not€find€blood€on€it.€€She€also€tested€theŠ Ó+#'+ Šshirt€and€pants€that€the€Defendant€was€wearing€at€the€time€of€his€arrest.€€She€found€blood€matchingŠ ° Šthat€of€the€victimššs€on€the€Defendantššs€shirt.€€She€also€found€human€blood€on€his€pants;€however,Š ™é Šit€contained€a€mixture€of€genetic€material€from€more€than€one€person,€of€which€the€victim€was€theŠ ‚Ņ Šprimary€contributor.€€She€stated€that€she€tested€a€pillow€and€found€the€presence€of€human€blood,€butŠ k» Šthere€was€not€enough€blood€to€complete€a€DNA€analysis€or€get€a€profile.€€Finally,€Bash€testified€thatŠ T¤ Šshe€tested€the€steak€knife,€and€she€found€human€blood,€š šand€the€DNA€profile€matched€[theŠ =  ŠDefendant],€with€one€locus,€D„eighteen„S„fifty„one,€inconclusive.šš€€However,€she€maintained€thatŠ & v Šthere€was€no€doubt€that€it€was€the€Defendantššs€DNA€on€the€steak€knife.€Š  _ ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€He€gave€a€synopsis€of€his€background,€includingŠ į 1  Šthree€years€of€college€education€in€criminal€justice€and€work€experience€as€a€pre„trial€officer,€aŠ Ź   Šcorrectional€counselor,€and€a€loss€prevention€supervisor.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€he€had€neverŠ ³  Šbeen€married€and€that€he€had€one€son.€€He€testified€that€he€first€had€contact€with€the€victim€throughŠ œģ  Šthe€Nashville€Singles€Line€and€that€they€had€met€for€the€first€time€at€Temple€Baptist€Church€inŠ …Õ  ŠMarch€1999.€€He€stated€that€he€had€been€a€minister€at€a€different€Church€since€1997.€Š n¾  ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€dated€the€victim€from€March€1999,€until€June€2000,€at€whichŠ @ Štime€they€were€engaged€and€the€victim€moved€in€with€the€Defendant€at€1901€Murfreesboro€Road,Š )y ŠApartment€101.€€He€acknowledged€that€although€the€victim€lived€with€him,€she€continued€toŠ b Šmaintain€her€residence€at€1528€22ndņņ€óóAvenue€because€her€daughter€lived€there.€€He€stated€that€inŠ ūK ŠNovember€2000,€the€victim€was€working€at€The€Menššs€Warehouse€across€the€street€from€Ō_ŌRivergateŌ_ŌŠ ä4 ŠMall,€his€own€place€of€employment.€Š Ķ ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€the€day€before€the€victimššs€death€was€a€good€day,€though€itŠ Ÿļ Šended€with€an€argument€between€he€and€the€victim€about€her€spending€too€much€money.€€He€statedŠ ˆŲ Šthat€there€was€no€violence€that€night,€but€they€both€went€to€bed€upset.€€The€Defendant€testified€thatŠ qĮ Šon€the€morning€of€November€9,€2000,€the€victim€woke€up€first,€then€he€did,€around€5:30€a.m.€€HeŠ ZŖ Šstated€that€he€and€the€victim€watched€television€for€a€while,€and€then€around€8:00€a.m.,€he€and€theŠ C“ Švictim€began€to€argue.€€He€testified,€Š ,| Šą8  ąš šShe€got€upset€again,€telling€me€that€wasnššt€no€man€gonna€tell€her€how€to€spend€herŠ e Šmoney.€€And€I€kept€trying€to€emphasize€to€her,€I€wasnššt€just€a€man,€Iššm€the€man€youŠ žN Šplan€on€marry€(sic).€€And€we€just€started€swapping€words€back€and€forth,€how€youŠ ē 7 Šdoš"šhow€you€do€in€arguments,€soš"šnow€it€seems€so€silly.šš€ŠŠ!  Š Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€was€scheduled€to€work€that€day€at€10:00€a.m.,€and€althoughŠ ¢#ņ" Šthe€victim€was€not€scheduled€to€work,€she€had€volunteered€the€day€before€to€go€in€to€work€that€day.ņņóó€Š ‹$Ū# ŠHe€testified€that€by€the€time€their€fight€resumed,€she€had€showered€and€put€on€her€underclothes,€andŠ t%Ä $ Šhe€had€ironed€a€shirt€for€her€and€was€working€on€a€second.€€He€recalled,€š šWe€got€back€into€theŠ ]&­!% Šargument,€to€where€we€was€just€swapping€words€back€and€forth.€€And,€oh,€God,€it€just€grew.€€It€justŠ F'–"& Šgrew€unnecessary.šš€€He€maintained€that€prior€to€that€day,€they€had€never€had€a€physicalŠ /(#' Šconfrontation.€Š )h$( ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€indicated€that€the€fight€began€at€the€ironing€board€between€the€front€door€andŠ ź*:&* Šthe€living€room.€€He€testified€that€when€he€brought€up€the€subject€of€money€with€the€victim,€Š Ó+#'+ ŠÓ$°X™X°œX$Óą8  ąshe€went€on€and€said€thatš"šagain€that,€š šIššm€not€gonnaššš"šš šIššm€forty„five€yearsŠ ° Šoldššš"šand€the€word€she€used€was€the€N„word;€Iššm€not€gonna€use€it€here€inŠ ™é Šcourtš"šš šgonna€tell€me€how€to€spend€my€money.šš€€I€said€again,€you€know,€š šYou€gottaŠ ‚Ņ Šstopššš"šš šyou€canššt€talk€to€me€like€that.€€Iššm€notššš"šš šIššm€not€just€any€oldššš"šš šany€oldŠ k» Šman.€€Iššm€the€one€you€marry.šš€€She€got€mad,€and€she€said,€š šStopšš€b„i„t„c„Ō_ŌhingŌ_ŌŠ T¤ Š(sic)š"šI€donššt€wanna€say€the€wordššš"šš šat€me€about€money.šš€€Thatššs€when€she€wentŠ =  Što€this€table€right€here€[indicated€on€Exhibit€5]€and€picked€upš"ševerybodyŠ & v Škeepsš"šIš"šitššs€constantly€been€called€a€š šbutcher€knifešš;€itššs€a€carving€knife.€.€.€.€SheŠ  _ Špicked€that€up€and€came€at€me.€.€.€.€She€picked€it€up€and€then€started€walking€towardsŠ ų H Šme,€right€here€[indicated]€towards€the€ironing€board.€.€.€.€I€turned€to€my€left,€andŠ į 1  ŠIš"šand€I€says,€š šWhat€the€hell.šš€€And€I€got€scratchedš"šshe€sent€the€knife€across€myŠ Ź   Šarms.Š³ Š Š  ŠÓ( °œX°X™XØ}(ÓThe€Defendant€then€rolled€up€his€sleeves€to€display€his€scars€for€the€jury.€€He€continued,€š šShe€cameŠ œģ  Štowards€me.€.€.€.€I€took€my€hands€up€.€.€.€.€and€crossed€those.šš€€He€then€demonstrated€to€the€jury€howŠ …Õ  Šshe€had€allegedly€cut€him€while€his€arms€were€crossed.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€he€first€learnedŠ n¾  Šthere€was€an€injury€to€the€upper€part€of€his€arm€when€he€was€in€the€back€of€Detective€Sandersšš€patrolŠ W§  Šcar.€€He€stated€that€the€photographs€showing€his€injuries€were€taken€right€after€the€injuries€happened,Š @ Šand€that€a€year€later€he€still€had€the€scars.€Š )y ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€the€victim€cut€him,€and€then€he€stated,€š šThatššs€when€I€reacted,Š ūK Štried€to€take€the€knife€from€her.€.€.€.€I€took€the€knife,€pushed€it€behind€her.€€Sheššs€shorter€than€I€am;Š ä4 Šshe€was€five„three.€€I€didnššt€know€it€at€the€time,€but€this€punctured€her€back.šš€€He€reported€that€theŠ Ķ Švictim€held€the€knife€in€her€right€hand.€€He€continued,€š šAnd€I€took€my€right€hand€.€.€.€and€got€theŠ ¶ Šknife€out,€got€the€knife€from€her.€€I€Ō_ŌspunnedŌ_Ō€(sic)€her€around,€and€I€pushed€her;€and€thatššs€when€IŠ Ÿļ Šstabbed€her.šš€€The€Defendant€testified€that€he€had€the€knife€in€his€right€hand,€and€demonstrated€howŠ ˆŲ Šhe€had€allegedly€pushed€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€his€going€after€the€knife€was€an€immediateŠ qĮ Šreaction€from€being€cut.€€The€Defendant€asserted€that€he€did€not€intend€to€stab€or€harm€the€victimŠ ZŖ Šin€any€way€when€he€pushed€her.€€He€claimed,€š šSheila€was€the€love€of€my€life.€€I€didnššt€want€anythingŠ C“ Što€happen€to€her.šš€Š ,| ŠĢą  ąWhen€questioned€about€his€intent€to€push€the€victim,€the€Defendant€stated€that€it€was€š šjustŠ žN Što€get€her€back.€.€.€.€Just€to€get€her€back€away€from€me.šš€€In€attempting€to€explain€Dr.€GerberššsŠ ē 7 Štestimony€as€to€the€force€used€with€the€wound,€the€Defendant€stated,€š šI€pushed€her€pretty€hard.€Š Š!   ŠIššmš"šIššm€a€short€man,€but€Iššm€not€exactly€a€small€man.€€And,€when€I€pushed€her,€it€wasš"šit€wasŠ ¹" ! Šwith€the€force€to€knock€somebody€down.šš€€When€asked€if€he€was€in€fear€for€his€own€safety€regardingŠ ¢#ņ" Šthe€knife,€he€replied,€š šI€wasš"šI€was€shocked€and€stunned;€yeah.€€Yeah.€€I€didnššt€know€what€she€wasŠ ‹$Ū# Šgonna€do€with€it,€.€.€.€.šš€€The€Defendant€testified€that€the€victim€had€never€done€anything€like€thatŠ t%Ä $ Šbefore.€€He€later€stated,€š šI€became€enraged,€I€have€to€acknowledge,€because€I€couldnššt€believe€sheŠ ]&­!% Šcame€at€me€with€a€knife.šš€€The€Defendant€continued,€š šSoon€as€I€pushed€her€back,€I€saw€bloodŠ F'–"& Šcoming€from€her€chest.€€And€I€donššt€curse€normally;€but,€the€minute€I€saw€that€blood,€I€said,€ššOh,Š /(#' Šshit,€baby.šššš€€Š )h$( ŠĢą  ąHe€explained€that€he€then€put€his€arm€around€the€victim€so€that€she€could€lean€on€his€leftŠ ź*:&* Šside,€and€he€attempted€to€walk€her€to€the€bedroom€to€lay€her€on€the€bed.€€The€Defendant€recalled€thatŠ Ó+#'+ Šthe€victim€did€not€make€it€that€far,€and€instead€stopped€and€lay€down€in€the€area€behind€the€sectional,Š ° Šin€front€of€the€bedroom€and€bathroom€hallway.€€He€stated€that€he€took€a€pillow€off€the€sofa€andŠ ™é Špushed€it€under€the€victimššs€head,€got€a€comforter€from€the€bedroom€to€try€to€keep€her€warm,€andŠ ‚Ņ Šgot€towels€from€the€bathroom€to€apply€pressure€to€the€wound.€€At€this€point,€the€Defendant€contendsŠ k» Šthat€the€victim€grabbed€him€behind€his€head€and€said,€š šSweetie,€Iššm€not€gonna€make€it.šš€€WhileŠ T¤ Šcrying,€he€then€described€an€intimate€conversation€that€ensued€between€himself€and€the€victim.€€HeŠ =  Šclaimed,€š šThe€last€words€Ō_ŌouttaŌ_Ō€Sheilaššs€mouth€was€she€loved€me€with€all€her€heart,€and€she€startedŠ & v Što€making€this€gargling€sound.€€And€she€gargledš!šshe€was€turning€herš"šher€body€towards€what€wasŠ  _ Šher€left,€where€I€was,€and€she€turned€around€and€blew€out.€.€.€.€And€she€died€right€there€in€my€arms.šš€Š ų H ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€estimated€that€the€victim€died€no€more€than€five€to€seven€minutes€after€heŠ Ź   Šstabbed€her.€€He€testified€that€after€she€died,€he€used€his€Ō_ŌCPAPŌ_Ō€machine,€which€was€an€oxygenŠ ³  Šmachine€used€for€sleep€apnea,€in€an€unsuccessful€attempt€to€revive€her.€€He€claimed€that€even€afterŠ œģ  Šhe€stabbed€the€victim,€he€did€not€intend€for€her€to€die.€€As€a€reason€for€not€calling€911,€he€stated,Š …Õ  Šš šShe€was€already€dead.€€When€we€setš"šafter€she€set€there€holding€me,€talking€to€me,€I€wasnšštŠ n¾  Šthinking€about€anything€but€listening€to€myš"što€my€love.€€And,€as€she€diedš"šand€she€died€in€myŠ W§  Šarms.€€Then,€like€I€said,€all€I€did€was€cry€and€hold€her€inš"šher€body€in€my€arms.šš€€He€estimated€thatŠ @ Šhe€held€her€for€around€fifteen€to€twenty€minutes€after€she€died.Š )y ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€then€called€his€mother€and€told€her€what€had€happened.€€HeŠ ūK Šclaimed€that€they€prayed€together€and€that€she€said€she€was€going€to€call€911.€€He€testified€that€heŠ ä4 Šmade€no€attempt€to€flee€the€scene,€clean€it€up,€or€move€any€evidence,€because€he€did€not€deny€thatŠ Ķ Šhe€stabbed€the€Defendant;€however,€he€testified€that€he€did€not€intend€to€stab€her.€€He€also€testifiedŠ ¶ Šthat€he€telephoned€Brenda€McKinney,€a€friend€of€his€in€Memphis,€after€talking€to€his€mother.€€AsŠ Ÿļ Šhis€purpose€for€that€phone€call€he€stated,€š šJust€the€last€conversation€before€I€died.šš€€However,Š ˆŲ ŠMcKinney€was€apparently€at€work€with€clients€and€told€him€she€would€call€him€back.€€TheŠ qĮ ŠDefendant€testified€that€his€mother€called€him€back€to€notify€him€that€she€had€called€911.€€The€policeŠ ZŖ Šarrived€within€a€minute€of€that€call.€Š C“ ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€recounted€the€sequence€of€events€that€happened€beginning€with€the€arrivalŠ e Šof€Officer€Whitley,€essentially€confirming€the€officersšš€testimony.€€He€confirmed€his€instruction€toŠ žN ŠOfficer€Whitley€to€š šcuffšš€him,€and€he€acknowledged€that€he€told€Whitley,€š šI€have€just€stabbed€myŠ ē 7 ŠŌ_ŌfiancŌ_Ō.€€Sheššs€inside.šš€€The€Defendant€testified€regarding€the€conversation€in€which€he€assuredŠ Š!   ŠOfficer€Whitley€that€his€safety€was€not€at€stake.€€He€claimed€to€have€been€in€tears€while€sitting€onŠ ¹" ! Šthe€steps€and€in€the€back€of€the€patrol€car.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€the€officers€denied€his€requestŠ ¢#ņ" Što€see€the€victim€one€more€time.€€He€claims€that€while€pulling€away€in€the€patrol€car,€he€yelled€outŠ ‹$Ū# Šof€the€car,€š šBye,€baby.€€Bye,€baby.€€Bye,€babyšš€and€that€he€š šwas€completely,€for€lack€of€a€betterŠ t%Ä $ Šword,€insane.šš€ą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąŠ ]&­!% ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€acknowledged€that€he€gave€a€videotaped€statement€to€Officer€Williams€andŠ /(#' ŠDetective€Smith.€€At€trial€he€referred€to€his€taped€statements€regarding€the€cuts€the€victim€allegedlyŠ )h$( Šinflicted€on€him.€€However,€he€insisted€that€he€š šwasnššt€even€thinking€ššbout€the€cuts.€€And€I€was€justŠ *Q%) Šthinking€about,€you€know,€after€I€laid€her€down€and€saw€that€she€was€cut€on€her€back,€I€just€thinkingŠ ź*:&* Šššbout€what€if€Iššd€a€just€got€the€knife€and€just€threw€it€down.šš€€Yet,€he€again€insisted€that€he€did€notŠ Ó+#'+ Šintend€to€stab€or€kill€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€he€did€not€take€the€time€to€look€at€any€of€his€ownŠ ° Šwounds.€Regarding€the€steak€knife€found€on€the€kitchen€table,€the€Defendant€insisted€that€it€was€inŠ ™é Šno€way€involved€in€the€altercation,€and€that€it€was€just€used€to€scrape€material€off€of€their€iron.€€HeŠ ‚Ņ Šhad€no€explanation€for€how€his€blood€got€on€it.€€He€testified€that€Detective€Smith€took€him€toŠ k» ŠGeneral€Hospital€and€had€two€tubes€of€blood€extracted€from€him.€Š T¤ ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€described€the€victim€as€being€temperamental.€€He€claimed€to€have€learnedŠ & v Šin€his€time€with€her€that€either€waking€her€up€or€criticizing€her€about€money€would€trigger€herŠ  _ Štemper.€€š šI€know€she€was€really€angry€this€time,€I€mean,€beforeš"šbeyond€anything€that€weššd€everŠ ų H Šhad€before,€you€know.šš€€In€his€videotaped€statement,€he€stated,€š šThis€wasnššt€her€fault.€€After€she€gotŠ į 1  Šthrough€complaining€about€money,€I€sat€there€and€started€talking.€€I€may€have€drove€her€off€theŠ Ź   Šedge.šš€€When€asked€in€cross„examination€about€this€statement,€the€Defendant€explained€that€he€saidŠ ³  Što€the€victim,€š šIf€weššre€gonna€stay€together,€weššre€gonna€live€like€a€couple,€in€my€opinion,€should.šš€Š œģ  ŠHe€testified€that€he€told€the€victim€that€they€would€not€spend€any€more€money€without€each€other.€Š …Õ  ŠThe€Defendant€claimed€that€he€and€the€victim€were€trying€to€get€the€victim€moved€out€of€herŠ n¾  Šseparate€residence€at€the€time€of€her€death.€€However,€he€admitted€that€the€victim€had€her€own€job,Š W§  Šher€own€money,€and€her€own€checking€account.€€He€denied€having€money€problems€of€his€own,€andŠ @ Šhe€denied€discussing€a€new€loan€with€Brenda€McKinney€earlier€on€the€morning€of€the€stabbing.€€TheŠ )y ŠDefendant€admitted€that€he€had€borrowed€money€from€McKinney,€and€that€he€had€asked€neighborsŠ b Šfor€money.€Š ūK ŠĢą  ąAlthough€the€Defendant€used€a€walker€at€his€trial,€purportedly€for€Ō_ŌpericarditisŌ_Ō€which€madeŠ Ķ Šhis€muscles€weak,€he€acknowledged€that€he€did€not€have€that€condition€at€the€time€of€the€stabbing.Š ¶ ŠHe€testified€that€he€worked€out€at€a€gym€and€that€he€had€a€muscular€build€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€Š Ÿļ ŠHe€also€testified€that€as€part€of€his€training€for€correctional€facilities€and€security€jobs,€he€was€trainedŠ ˆŲ Šin€self„defense€and€pressure€point€control€tactics€and€that€he€had€been€trained€in€the€use€of€a€firearmŠ qĮ Šand€hand„to„hand€combat€while€in€the€United€States€Army.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€he€weighedŠ ZŖ Š195€pounds€and€was€three€inches€taller€than€the€victim€at€the€time€of€her€death.€€He€acknowledgedŠ C“ Šthat€he€had€also€had€training€in€counseling€others€on€domestic€violence€issues,€but€denied€havingŠ ,| Šsuch€a€problem€himself.€€He€reiterated€that€he€had€not€received€medical€treatment€for€the€cuts€on€hisŠ e Šarms.€Š žN Šą  ąĢą  ąWhen€questioned€about€the€issue€of€self„defense€and€whether€he€thought€the€victim€wasŠ Š!   Šgetting€ready€to€kill€him,€the€Defendant€stated,€š šI€thought€Ms.š"šI€saw€Ms.€Ō_ŌCallowayŌ_Ō€coming€at€meŠ ¹" ! Šwith€a€knife.€€I€didnššt€know€what€the€next€thingš"šwhatš"šwhat€was€gonna€come€up€afterwards.ššŠ ¢#ņ" ŠWhen€asked€why€the€butcher€knife€was€found€by€the€victimššs€body€and€not€near€the€place€where€heŠ ‹$Ū# Šhad€initially€stabbed€her,€the€Defendant€explained,€š šThe€knife€went€inside€.€.€.€inside€her€body€aboutŠ t%Ä $ Šfive€or€six€inches.€€It€was€inside€of€her.€.€.€.€I€took€it€out,€after€sheššs€stabbed;€and€I€had€it€in€my€hand,Š ]&­!% Šas€I€was€walking€her€over.šš€€He€stated€that€he€took€the€knife€out€almost€immediately€after€stabbingŠ F'–"& Šher.€€He€stated€that€he€had€received€basic€first€aid€training€through€his€prior€work€experience.€€TheŠ /(#' ŠDefendant€testified,€š šI€did€what€I€was€trained€to€do,€which€was€to€take€the€towels€and€putš"štry€toŠ )h$( Šputš"šapply€pressure€on€the€wound.šš€€He€stated,€š šYou€donššt€think€about€training,€when€the€personŠ *Q%) Šyou€love€has€just€been€stabbed,šš€in€explanation€of€why€he€attempted€to€walk€the€victim€to€theŠ ź*:&* Šbedroom€despite€her€heavy€bleeding.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€he€was€sure€that€the€victim€wasŠ Ó+#'+ Šdead€before€he€attempted€to€revive€her€with€the€oxygen€machine.€€He€stated€that€he€attempted€to€takeŠ ° Šher€pulse€but€found€none.€€€Š ™é ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€admitted€that€he€did€not€work€during€the€time€that€the€victim€took€a€three„Š k» Šweek€leave€of€absence,€but€he€maintained€that€he€was€still€being€paid€during€that€time.€€TheŠ T¤ ŠDefendant€testified€that€it€really€was€just€a€comment€about€working€together€on€money€issues€thatŠ =  Šhad€caused€the€victim€to€go€after€him€with€a€knife.€€€€Š & v ŠĢą  ąViola€Robinson,€the€Defendantššs€mother,€testified€that€the€Defendant€called€her€on€NovemberŠ ų H Š9,€2000€screaming,€yelling,€and€crying.€€She€stated€that€when€she€asked€him€where€the€victim€was,Š į 1  Šhe€replied,€š šHer€body€is€here€.€.€.€.€€Mama,€Iššve€killed€[the€victim]€.€.€.€.€€She€cut€me,€but€it€wasnšštŠ Ź   Švery€bad.šš€€Robinson€recalled€that€he€then€started€screaming€again.€€She€testified€that€the€Ō_ŌDefendnatŌ_ŌŠ ³  Štold€her€that€he€had€not€called€911€and€that€he€stated,€€š šI€wanted€to€see€you€and€Pop,€before€they€takeŠ œģ  Šme€away.šš€€She€stated€that€she€told€him€to€hang€up€and€that€she€was€going€to€call€911.€€She€reportedŠ …Õ  Šthat€after€she€had€made€the€911€call,€she€called€her€son€back,€told€him€she€had€called€911,€and€prayedŠ n¾  Šwith€him.€€She€estimated€that€he€first€called€her€between€11:00€and€12:00€p.m.,€eastern€time.€€SheŠ W§  Šsaid€they€had€not€spoken€for€long.Š @ ŠĢą  ąIn€describing€the€Defendantššs€general€demeanor,€Robinson€noted€that€he€was€normally€aŠ b Šmild,€easy„going€person,€but€during€the€phone€call€on€November€9,€2000€he€was€screaming€andŠ ūK Šyelling.€€She€claimed€that€š šhe€would€make€some€rational€statements€and€some€that€didnššt€seem€toŠ ä4 Šmake€too€much€sense,šš€and€said€she€had€never€seen€him€that€upset.€Š Ķ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąĢą  ąRobinson€asserted€that€she€did€not€know€very€much€about€the€relationship€between€theŠ Ÿļ ŠDefendant€and€the€victim,€other€than€that€they€were€engaged€and€that€she€had€met€the€victim€twice.Š ˆŲ ŠShe€stated€that€she€met€Brenda€McKinney,€and€had€Ō_ŌhadŌ_Ō€many€more€visits€and€conversations€withŠ qĮ ŠMcKinney€than€she€had€Ō_ŌhadŌ_Ō€with€the€victim.€€However,€she€testified€that€she€did€not€form€theŠ ZŖ Šopinion€that€the€Defendant€ever€loved€McKinney.€€Rather,€she€believed€that€the€Defendant€loved€theŠ C“ Švictim.€Š ,| ŠĢą@ŠŠ$ģąII.€ANALYSISˆą p ąą Č ąą  ąą x ąą Š ąŠ žN Šą  ąą ` ąĢą  ąThe€Defendant€argues€on€appeal€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€was€insufficient€as€a€matterŠ Š!   Šof€law€to€sustain€a€verdict€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€to€the€charge€of€first€degree€murder.€Š ¹" ! ŠWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtššs€standard€of€reviewŠ ¢#ņ" Šis€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rationalŠ ‹$Ū# Štrier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.Š t%Ä $ ŠR.€App.€P.€13(e);€ņņJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324€(1979);€ņņState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,Š ]&­!% Š67€(Tenn.€1985).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantialŠ F'–"& Ševidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Pendergrassóó,€13Š /(#' ŠS.W.3d€389,€392„93€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).Š )h$( ŠĢą  ąIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€should€not€re„weigh€or€re„evaluateŠ ź*:&* Šthe€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Nor€may€thisŠ Ó+#'+ ŠCourt€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Buggsóó,Š ° Š995€S.W.2d€102,€105€(Tenn.€1999);€ņņLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(Tenn.€1956)ņņóó.€€QuestionsŠ ™é Šconcerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€allŠ ‚Ņ Šfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€ņņLiakasóó,€286€S.W.2d€at€859.ņņóó€Š k» ŠņņóóThis€Court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceŠ T¤ Šcontained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Š =  ŠņņState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€against€a€defendantŠ & v Šremoves€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convicted€criminalŠ  _ Šdefendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guiltyŠ ų H Šverdict.€€ņņId.óó€Š į 1  ŠĢą  ąFirst€degree€murder€is€defined,€in€relevant€part,€as€š š[a]€premeditated€and€intentional€killingŠ ³  Šof€another.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(a)(1).€€Once€a€homicide€is€established,€it€is€presumedŠ œģ  Što€be€second€degree€murder.€€ņņState€v.€Nesbitóó,€978€S.W.2d€872,€898€(Tenn.1998).€€In€order€to€elevateŠ …Õ  Šthe€offense€to€first€degree€murder,€the€state€must€prove€premeditation.€€ņņId.óó;€ņņseeóó€ņņalsoóó€ņņState€v.€Brownóó,Š n¾  Š836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.1992).€€Premeditation€is€defined€as€š šan€act€done€after€the€exercise€ofŠ W§  Šreflection€and€judgment.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(d).€Š @ ŠĢą  ąš šPremeditationšš€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself.Š b ŠIt€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre-exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€any€definite€periodŠ ūK Šof€time.€€The€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€beŠ ä4 Šcarefully€considered€in€order€to€determine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitementŠ Ķ Šand€passion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.€€ņņId.óóŠ ¶ ŠĢą  ąWhether€a€defendant€acted€with€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury,€and€it€may€beŠ ˆŲ Šinferred€from€the€manner€and€circumstances€of€the€killing.€€ņņState€v.€Holderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€914Š qĮ Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€Thus,€premeditation€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€ņņSeeóóŠ ZŖ ŠņņBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541.€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€enumerated€š šseveral€circumstancesŠ C“ Šwhich€may€warrant€the€trier€of€fact€to€find€or€infer€premeditation:€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€uponŠ ,| Šan€unarmed€victim;€the€particular€cruelty€of€a€killing;€any€threats€or€declarations€of€intent€to€killŠ e Šmade€by€the€defendant;€the€procurement€of€a€weapon;€any€preparations€to€conceal€the€crime€whichŠ žN Šare€undertaken€before€the€crime€is€committed;€and€calmness€immediately€following€a€killing.šš€€ņņStateŠ ē 7 Šv.€Ō_ŌKeoughŌ_Ōóó,€18€S.W.3d€175,€181€(Tenn.€2000).€€This€Court€has€also€stated€that€other€facts€which€mayŠ Š!   Šindicate€of€the€existence€of€premeditation€include€the€shooting€of€the€victim€after€he€had€turned€toŠ ¹" ! Šretreat€or€escape,€the€lack€of€provocation€on€the€part€of€the€victim,€and€the€defendantššs€failure€toŠ ¢#ņ" Šrender€aid€to€the€victim.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Lewisóó,€36€S.W.3d€88,€96€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).Š ‹$Ū# Šą  ąĢą  ąViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€a€jury€could€have€reasonablyŠ ]&­!% Šfound€that€the€Defendant€killed€the€victim€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€€Dr.€Gerber,Š F'–"& Ša€forensic€pathologist,€testified€that€the€victim€was€stabbed€once€in€the€back€and€once€in€the€front.€Š /(#' ŠHe€also€stated€that€considerable€force€was€needed€to€inflict€the€frontal€wound,€and€such€was€notŠ )h$( Šconsistent€with€an€accidental€stabbing.€€The€Defendant€acknowledged€that€the€victim€did€not€poseŠ *Q%) Šā āa€serious€threat€to€him€by€telling€police:€š šShe€didnššt€stab€[sic].€€She€just€barely€was€scraping€me.Š ź*:&* Š[The€victim]€wouldnššt€hurt€me€in€a€million€years.šš€€He€also€stated€that€the€victim€š šdidnššt€do€anythingŠ ° Što€justify€what€[he]€did.šš€€Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€stabbed€the€victim€in€the€back€and€that€he€could€have€stopped,Š k» Šbut€he€did€not.€€Instead,€he€indicated€that€he€pulled€the€knife€out€of€her€back,€spun€her€around,Š T¤ Špushed€her,€and€then€stabbed€her€again.€€He€told€Detective€Sanders€that€even€though€the€victim€cutŠ =  Šhim,€he€did€not€have€to€strike€back.€€Although€the€Defendant€claimed€that€the€victim€cut€him€withŠ & v Šthe€same€knife€with€which€he€stabbed€her,€only€the€victimššs€blood€that€was€found€on€the€knife.€€TheŠ  _ ŠDefendant€admitted€that€he€did€not€call€911€after€stabbing€the€victim,€but€rather€he€called€his€motherŠ ų H Šand€a€former€girlfriend.€€He€also€acknowledged€that€he€tried€to€move€the€victim,€who€was€bleedingŠ į 1  Šheavily,€to€the€bedroom.€€Thus,€there€is€nothing€to€indicate€that€the€jury€acted€unreasonably€inŠ Ź   Šfinding€that€the€Defendant€acted€with€a€previously€formed€intent€to€kill€when€he€stabbed€the€victim.Š ³  ŠņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(d).€Š œģ  ŠŌ#†XÅWXX XļÅmY#ŌŌ‡ XļÅXXXÅWŌĢą  ąAccordingly,€we€AFFIRM€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Š n¾  Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąą x ąą Š ąĢŌ#†XÅWXX XļÅ’Ž#ŌĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š )y Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGE