ÿWPCç  EÇÅVíA™7U6ŽÑÎ6I‹¸`¯]e÷½÷ƒšh~±¯ Q¶}醎€V¯§¦k©ãÒ¸™¥õ3…e­¹Œ,ŒSŽ4PÁ¤îØ`_÷õ“øX­(ì“Ñš\@ÿ£TU¾ÆÑhÝ ‡€£ê’½÷Aq±ÑWqªnsÔ!£­}TS<§ñk#@(®#$/ªD~€çàÁß²é{ét¶Ìë—/vY^G»¸õ'ÁÕ(ö×+ÕÃŒÓ]×νFº»N·‘OT@c²kù¼—ÿ‡ÉџºiQ]αÀ%@Ö ztK `­ë–/Ÿý…۾Ɖ{2Ïg:)–W©’Ó ­ ¿ß·§úOPÀ¸Ì­L¸å Bƒ×J®9îNx—eý’Þü®#Tid¦Èóƒv¬f$…§fΣYGy«Þ›ak!q4%yÈNSg@:Ê@scKX‰§Q«úDú•þ8µm¸S¬·Ú Ô¥9?&äŽ:óÝ!dù:zŒ¯.Ÿ#6u»´Ò¦›b %\^ b 0ˆnUNNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ U"NÐ  Æ& Æì Ʋ Æx #Á> Nÿÿ 0DEE|G 1à 72P‚ 1u– 72  0c=g òU:ùÿ3U@222jrrrrrrrrbÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ 0ëääää BÏÏ 0¤ì D3 D-à 0Kðð AS;ÆŽ 0¤T 0Dø A«< »X¬ ) (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÖJ~'ÈŸŸk20Ÿ¢3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó rÝ ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôsDòXXzŒÔÔ‡#ôsDòòôsDÔ€€This€punishment,€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole,€was€established€by€the€Tennessee€legislature€in€1993.Ô#†#XzŒXò#ôsD~#ÔÔ#†XzŒXX#XzŒ#Ô(¦ÙCEMU]emu}AutoList1(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) Ý ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Ô‡ôsDòXXzŒÔWe€note€the€defendant€does€not€contest€the€application€of€these€factors.Ô#†XzŒXòôsD€#Ô3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à ]Ý ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Ô‡ôsDòXXzŒÔBoth€Deborah€Richardson€and€Dr.€A.K.M.€Fakhruddin€were€expert€witnesses€on€the€defendantððs€psychiatricÐ ° Ðevaluative€and€treatment€team.Ô#†XzŒXòôsD#Ô èÝ ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Ô‡ôsDòXXzŒÔIt€is€the€juryððs€choice€to€believe€or€disbelieve€any€witness.€€Credibility€determinations€will€not€be€second„Ð ° Ðguessed€by€this€Court€on€appeal.€òòSeeóó€òòÔ‡#ôsDòòôsDÔState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996)Ô#†ôsDòò#ôsDR#Ô.Ô#†XzŒXòôsD€#Ô,–ûyAZ‹"Arial Regular õÝ ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Ô‡ôsDòXXzŒÔStephen€Abbott,€the€co„defendant,€was€tried€separately.€€He€was€convicted€of€second€degree€murder,Ð ° Ðattempted€first€degree€murder,€and€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€On€appeal,€this€Court€reversed€the€convictions€forÐ –æ Ðfailure€to€charge€the€lesser€offense€of€facilitation€of€a€felony.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Stephen€John€Abbottóó,€No.€01C01„9704„CC„Ð T¤ Ð00122€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€December€9,€1998,€at€Nashville).€€The€Stateððs€application€for€permission€to€appeal€is€stillÐ b Ðpending.Ô#†XzŒXòôsD€#Ô(uHš Z‹(Times New Roman  `Ý ƒRí×$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Ô‡ôsDòXXzŒÔAt€the€time,€the€proper€starting€point€set€by€statute€was€the€minimum€within€the€range.€€Here€it€is€unclearÐ ° Ðwhere€the€trial€court€began.€€Ô#†XzŒXòôsD€#Ô- ù-(|G2í×$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ð»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€XzŒX»»Ô d(|3Î{$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ð»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Î{$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ð»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ð»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼л»»ÔÑ8€zŒXXdæ»»d8Ñà@””ìàò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@}}$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ ¾ ÐÓ  ÓJune€2000€Sessionó óÐ Ì ÐÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔÌò òÔ#†¼лXXzŒ£#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€òòóóv.€JAMES€ELLISON€ROUSEòòóóÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔó óÐ À ÐÌà@@¼¼ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Maury€CountyÐ ´  Ðà@@ôôìàNo.€9575€€€€€€Jim€Travis€Hamilton,€Trial€JudgeÐ š ê ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<K` AßÐ Lœ  ÐÌà@@QQìàNo.€M1999„01807„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€August€10,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ԀРA‘  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE< ` AßÐ  ]  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔThe€defendant€was€convicted€of€two€counts€of€first€degree€murder€and€two€counts€of€attempted€firstÐ R  Ðdegree€murder€as€the€result€of€a€shooting€spree€at€Ô_ÔRichlandÔ_Ô€High€School.€The€defendant,€thenÐ è8 Ðseventeen,€was€tried€and€convicted€as€an€adult,€and€sentenced€to€two€consecutive€life€without€theÐ Î Ðpossibility€of€parole€terms€plus€fifty€years.€€The€additional€fifty„year€term€is€modified€to€forty„twoÐ ´ Ðyears.€€We€affirm€the€two€consecutive€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€terms€holding€that€if€aÐ šê Ðjury€unanimously€finds€the€existence€of€at€least€one€aggravating€circumstance€beyond€a€reasonableÐ €Ð Ðdoubt,€then€in€its€considered€discretion,€the€jury€may€sentence€the€defendant€to€either€lifeÐ f¶ Ðimprisonment€or€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€absent€a€showing€of€ð ðgross€abuse€ofÐ Lœ Ðdiscretion.ðð€Ð 2‚ ÐÌÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒU#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒ#ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Ð þN ÐAffirmedó ó€ò òas€Modifiedó óÐ ä4 ÐÓÍÓò òó óòòÌJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.Ô#†¼лàXzŒ«#ÔÔ‡XzŒX.¼ÐÔóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€andÐ ° ÐòòJerry€L.€Smithóó,€JJ.€joined.Ð –æ ÐÌJohn€Ô_ÔHerbisonÔ_Ô,€Nashville,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€Ô#†¼лXXzŒ» #ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔ€Claudia€S.€Jack,€District€Public€Defender,€andÐ b ²  ÐRobert€H.€Ô_ÔStovallÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Assistant€Public€Defender€(at€motion€for€new€trial);€Ô#†¼лXXzŒå #ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔDaniel€Ô_ÔRundeÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔSharaÔ_ÔÐ H!˜! ÐA.€Ô_ÔFlacyÔ_ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒØ #ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔ€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€James€Ellison€Rouse.Ð ."~" Ѐ€Ð #d# ÐPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€Elizabeth€T.€Ryan,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€andÐ ú#J$ ÐT.€Michel€Bottoms,€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð à$0 % ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼лXXzŒ­ #ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐԈР¬&ü!' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼лXXzŒL#ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔòòÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔóóÓ  Óò òIntroductionó óÐ x(È#) ÐÌÓïÓà  àThe€defendant,€James€Ellison€Rouse,€appeals€from€a€Maury€County€jury€conviction€of€twoÐ D*”%+ Ðcounts€of€first€degree€murder€and€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€For€these€offenses,Ð *+z&, Ðthe€defendant€received€two€consecutive€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€terms,€as€well€as€twoÐ ,`'- Ðconsecutive€twenty„five€year€terms.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€challenges€these€sentences,Ð ö,F(. Ðarguing:Ð Ü-,)/ý ÐÔ_ÔÓ ¡,°œXÓÓ XÓÓ XÓà0 4 àà  à(1)à044Ð 4Ð àThe€jury€grossly€abused€its€discretion€by€imposing€sentences€of€life€without€theÐ ° Ðpossibility€of€parole;Жæ4Ð 4Ð  Ð(2)à0 4 àthe€trial€courtððs€two€twenty„five€year€sentences€were€excessive;€andÐ|Ì4Ð 4Ð  Ð(3)à0 4 àthe€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€consecutive€serviceÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒÍ#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔÔ#† ¼лX XzŒ«#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ.Ðb²4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ XjÓÓ X\ÓÓ" °œX¡,>"ÓAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€trial€transcript,€and€the€sentencing€hearing€transcript,€€weÐ H˜ Ðmodify€each€twenty„five€year€sentence€to€twenty„one€years,€affirm€the€two€life€without€theÐ . ~ Ðpossibility€of€parole€sentences,€and€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€service€on€allÐ  d Ðconvictions.Ð ú J ÐÌò òÓ  ÓFactsó óÐ Æ   ÐÌÓrÓà  àOn€November€15,€1995,€Jamie€Rouse,€the€defendant,€then€seventeen€and€a€high€school€senior,Ð ’â  Ðwalked€into€Richland€High€School,€in€Giles€County,€at€the€beginning€of€the€school€day,€armed€withÐ xÈ  Ða€.22€caliber€rifle.€€The€defendant€was€driven€to€school€that€day€by€co„defendant€Stephen€Abbott.׃"×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àOnce€inside€Richland€High€School,€the€defendant€walked€down€the€north€hallway.€€HeÐ *z  Ðstopped€some€two€feet€from€his€first€victim,€raised€his€rifle€to€his€shoulder,€aimed€it€at€teacher€CarolÐ ` ÐYanceyððs€head,€and€pulled€the€trigger.€€The€rifle€did€not€fire,€so€he€cocked€it€again,€took€aim,€andÐ öF Ðshot€Carol€Yancey€in€the€head.€€She€fell€to€the€floor€seriously€wounded.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àHe€then€immediately€shot€teacher€Carolyn€Foster,€who€was€standing€beside€Carol€Yancey.€Ð ¨ø ÐCarolyn€Foster€died€as€a€result€of€her€wound.€€The€defendant€then€lowered€his€rifle,€smiled€at€aÐ ŽÞ Ðfellow€student,€and€walked€calmly€down€the€crowded€hallway.€€He€again€took€aim,€this€timeÐ tÄ Ðintending€to€shoot€Coach€Ron€Shirey.€€He€fired€down€the€hallway€and€struck€his€third€victim,€DianeÐ Zª ÐCollins,€a€fourteen€year„old€fellow€student.€€Diane€Collins€died€as€a€result€of€being€shot€in€the€neck.€Ð @ ÐÌà  àJames€Nichols,€a€teacher,€was€very€close€to€the€defendant€when€the€defendant€shot€and€killedÐ  \ ÐDiane€Collins.€€Unaware€of€whether€anyone€had€been€hit,€Nichols€immediately€grabbed€for€the€rifleÐ òB Ðand€demanded€that€the€defendant€give€it€to€him.€€Nichols€and€the€defendant€began€to€struggle€overÐ Ø( Ðthe€rifle€and€once€again€the€rifle€fired€into€the€crowded€hallway.€€Fortunately,€this€shot€entered€theÐ ¾ Ðceiling.€€During€the€struggle,€the€defendant€resisted€all€of€Nicholððs€efforts€to€remove€the€rifle€fromÐ ¤ô Ðhim,€saying,€ð ðI€canððt.€€I€went€too€far.ðð€€Ralph€Johnson,€a€teacher,€and€two€students€helped€NicholsÐ Š Ú Ðsubdue€and€disarm€the€defendant.€€Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àArrested,€charged,€and€tried€as€an€adult,€the€defendant€was€found€guilty€as€indicted:€twoÐ <#Œ" Ðcounts€of€first€degree€murder€and€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€In€support€of€theseÐ "$r# Ðconvictions,€the€record€reveals€overwhelming€evidence€of€guilt,€numerous€eyewitness€accounts,Ð %X $ Ðmedical€testimony€concerning€causes€of€death,€and€forensic€testimony€revealing€that€all€shots€wereÐ î%>!% Ðfired€from€the€defendantððs€gun.Ð Ô&$"& Їà  àIn€fact,€the€only€contested€issue€at€trial€was€the€defendantððs€mental€state€at€the€time€of€theÐ ° Ðoffenses.€€On€this€point,€the€jury€heard€exhaustive€testimony.€The€defense€introduced€evidence€toÐ –æ Ðsupport€its€contention€that€the€defendant€was€suffering€from€diminished€capacity€as€a€result€of€aÐ |Ì Ðmental€illness,€i.e.,€paranoid€schizophrenia.€In€the€end,€the€jury€credited€the€stateððs€evidence€andÐ b² Ðfound€the€defendant€guilty€as€charged.Ô#†XzŒXX XzŒ#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒ_#ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔ€€The€state€introduced€rebuttal€evidence€to€support€itsÐ H˜ Ðcontention€that€the€defendant€was€not€suffering€from€diminished€capacity€as€a€result€of€mental€illnessÐ . ~ Ðat€the€time€of€these€offenses.€The€jury,€apparently€crediting€the€stateððs€witnesses,€found€the€defendantÐ  d Ðguilty€of€both€first€degree€murders€and€two€counts€of€attempted€murder.€€For€the€murders,€the€juryÐ ú J Ðsentenced€the€defendant,€and,€for€the€attempts,€the€trial€court€imposed€sentences.€€From€thisÐ à 0 Ðconviction€and€subsequent€sentencing,€the€defendant,€now€incarcerated,€appeals.Ð Æ   Ðà  àÌÓ  Óò òAnalysisó óÐ ’â  ÐÓã%ÓÌà  àAgain,€the€defendant€does€not€challenge€any€issue€pertaining€to€the€guilt/innocence€phase€ofÐ ^®  Ðhis€trial.€€Instead,€he€only€challenges€the€sentence€imposed.€€Specially,€he€makes€three€claims:Ð D”  ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ$”,È’X°œX$Óà0 4 àà  à(1)à044Ð 4Ð àThe€jury€grossly€abused€its€discretion€by€imposing€sentences€of€life€without€theÐ *z  Ðpossibility€of€parole;Ð`4Ð 4Ð  Ð(2)à0 4 àthe€trial€courtððs€twenty„five€year€sentence€was€excessiveÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ###ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒ##ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ;€andÐöF4Ð 4Ð  Ð(3)à0 4 àÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ¯(#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒÎ(#ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencingÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒf)#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒ…)#ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ.Ô#†XzŒXX XzŒ#*#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔÔ#† ¼лX XzŒB*#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔÐÜ,4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ X'ÓÓ X#'ÓÓ( °œX”,È’X1'(ÓBelow,€wÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ…*#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒÇ*#ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔe€review€each€claim€separately,€and€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€sentence€is€affirmed€inÐ Â Ðall€but€one€regard.ò òó óÐ ¨ø ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòMurder€Sentencingóóó óÐ tÄ ÐÌÓ},Óà  àAfter€the€juryððs€determination€of€guilt,€a€special€jury€sentencing€hearing€was€held€inÐ @ Ðaccordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„207,€which€governs€sentencing€in€first€degree€murderÐ &v Ðcases€where€the€State€does€not€seek€the€death€penalty.€€Section€39„13„207(a)€provides€that€the€juryÐ  \ Ðshall€determine€in€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€whether€a€defendant€shall€be€sentenced€to€either€lifeÐ òB Ðimprisonment€or€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€bifurcated€hearing€must€be€conductedÐ Ø( Ðin€accordance€with€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204,€excluding€references€to€the€death€penalty.€€Tenn.Ð ¾ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„207(a).Ð ¤ô Ðà  àÌà  àSection€39„13„204€prescribes€the€manner€in€which€evidence€is€to€be€presented€and€consideredÐ p!À  Ðduring€the€sentencing€phase.€€Counsel€for€both€the€state€and€the€defense€present€evidence€relevantÐ V"¦! Ðto€the€issue€of€punishment.€€Sections€39„13„207€and€39„13„204€define€the€juryððs€role€in€consideringÐ <#Œ" Ðthis€evidence€and€in€determining€the€appropriate€punishment.€€The€jury€must€first€decide€if€anyÐ "$r# Ðstatutory€aggravating€circumstances€are€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€if€any€mitigatingÐ %X $ Ðcircumstances€exist€in€the€case.€€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€€39„13„204(e)(1)€and€39„13„207(d).€€If€theÐ î%>!% Ðjury€unanimously€finds€the€existence€of€at€least€one€statutory€aggravating€circumstance€beyond€aÐ Ô&$"& Ðreasonable€doubt,€then,€in€its€considered€discretion,€the€jury€may€sentence€the€defendant€to€either€lifeÐ º' #' Ðimprisonment€or€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„207(c)€and€39„13„Ð  (ð#( Ð204(f)(2).€€In€exercising€this€discretion,€the€jury€is€required€to€weigh€and€consider€the€statutoryÐ †)Ö$) Ðaggravating€circumstance€or€circumstances€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€any€mitigatingÐ ° Ðcircumstances.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„207(d)€and€39„13„204(e)(1)(Supp.€1994).€€However,€aÐ –æ Ðjury€is€not€required€to€find€that€the€aggravating€circumstances€outweigh€the€mitigating€factorsÐ |Ì Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeóóe€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€989€S.W.2d€307,€317€(Tenn.€1999).Ð b² ÐÌà  àAt€this€particular€hearing,€both€the€State€and€the€defendant€presented€argument€and€proof.€Ð . ~ ÐThe€State€argued€that€two€aggravating€circumstances,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„204(i)(3)€(greatÐ  d Ðrisk€of€death€to€others)€and€(i)(7)€(committed€while€having€substantial€role€in€murder),€applied€to€theÐ ú J Ðmurder€of€Carolyn€Foster,€and€one€aggravating€circumstance,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(3)Ð à 0 Ð(great€risk€of€death€to€others),€applied€to€the€murder€of€Diane€Collins.€€Next,€the€defendant€arguedÐ Æ   Ðthat€the€jury€should€focus€upon€several€mitigating€factors.€€Those€submitted€include:Ð ¬ ü  ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ$”,È’X°œX$Ó(1)€The€defendant€has€no€significant€history€of€prior€criminal€activity;Ð ’â  Ðà0 4 àà  à(2)€the€murder€was€committed€while€the€defendant€was€under€the€influence€ofÐ xÈ  Ðextreme€emotional€or€mental€disturbance;€Ð^® 4Ð 4Ð  Ð(3)€€the€youth€of€the€defendant€at€the€time€of€the€crime;€Ð D”  Ðà0 4 àà  à(4)€€the€capacity€of€the€defendant€to€appreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€his€conduct€or€toÐ *z  Ðconform€his€conduct€to€the€requirements€of€the€law€was€substantially€impairedÐ ` Ðas€a€result€of€mental€disease€or€defect€or€intoxication,€which€was€insufficient€toÐ öF Ðestablish€a€defense€to€the€crime€but€which€substantially€affected€his€judgment;ÐÜ,4Ð 4Ð  Ð(5)€the€defendantððs€expression€of€remorse;Ð Â Ð(6)€the€defendantððs€amenability€to€treatment€in€a€prison€setting;Ð ¨ø Ð(7)€the€defendantððs€history€of€childhood;€Ð ŽÞ Ð(8)€the€defendantððs€background€and€family€history;Ð tÄ Ð(9)€the€defendantððs€personality€traits€and/or€character;Ð Zª Ð(10)€the€juryððs€consideration€of€mercy€and€compassion;Ð @ Ðà0 4 àà  à(11)€the€manner€in€which€the€crime€was€carried€out€demonstrated€a€lack€of€criminalÐ &v Ðsophistication€or€professionalism€on€the€part€of€the€defendant;€andÐ \4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(12)€the€offenses€were€committed€so€closely€in€time€and€place€as€to€indicate€a€singleÐ òB Ðperiod€of€aberrant€behavior.ÐØ(4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ X—9ÓÓ X‰9ÓÓ( °œX”,È’X¥9(ÓÌÓ XÓAfter€opening€argument,€the€State€presented€three€witnesses.€€Two€were€teachers€at€RichlandÐ ¤ô ÐHigh€School€and€the€other€a€teacherððs€aide.€€Each€described€the€scene€at€Richland€High€School€onÐ Š Ú Ðthe€morning€of€November€15,€1995,€and€each€emphasized€the€presence€of€other€children€andÐ p!À  Ðteachers.€€Dana€Watson,€the€kindergarten€teacher,€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€shooting€there€wereÐ V"¦! Ðmany€students,€including€children,€in€the€hallway.€€Patsy€Gordon,€the€teacherððs€aide,€testified€thatÐ <#Œ" Ðamong€the€children€present€in€the€hallway€were€several€which€she€quickly€escorted€out€of€harmððsÐ "$r# Ðway€into€an€adjacent€classroom.€€Ron€Shirey,€a€teacher€and€coach,€provided€even€more€detail,€as€heÐ %X $ Ðwas€the€hallway€monitor€that€morning.€€He€observed€all€the€students€in€the€hallway€and€estimatedÐ î%>!% Ðthe€total€number€to€be€approximately€fifty.€Ð Ô&$"& ЀÌFor€the€defendant,€eight€witnesses€testified.€€The€defendantððs€two€aunts€and€grandfatherÐ  (ð#( Ðtestified€generally€to€the€defendantððs€upbringing,€personality,€and€character.€€All€agreed€that€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðdefendant€had€been€quiet€and€shy€throughout€his€lifeÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ¾+#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒŸ+#ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ.€€Further,€one€of€these€aunts€described€theÐ l*¼%* Ðdefendant€as€ð ðnever€[being]€aggressiveðð€and€as€ð ðwell„behaved.ðð€€On€this€point,€the€state€cross„Ð R+¢&+ Ðexamined€the€aunt€on€her€knowledge€of€two€previous€incidents.€€First,€the€state€asked€whether€sheÐ 8,ˆ', Ðwas€aware€of€a€fight€at€school€for€which€the€defendant€had€been€reported.€€And€second,€the€stateÐ ° Ðasked€whether€she€knew€that€the€defendant,€years€before,€had€either€marked€or€carved€an€upside„Ð –æ Ðdown€crucifix€on€his€forehead.Ð |Ì ÐÐ b² Ѐ€Through€another€witness,€a€guidance€counselor€at€Richland,€the€defendantððs€school€recordsÐ H˜ Ðwere€introduced.€€These€records€proved€that€the€defendant€was€on€track€to€graduate€and€hadÐ . ~ Ðsuccessfully€completed€the€expected€number€of€work€hours.€€Also,€on€cross„examination,€thisÐ  d Ðwitness€testified€that€at€no€time€prior€to€the€shootings€did€the€defendant€or€his€family€request€anyÐ ú J Ðtype€of€psychiatric€or€psychological€testing,€evaluation€or€intervention.Ð à 0 ÐÐ Æ   ЀA€worker€at€the€Rutherford€Juvenile€Detention€Center,€which€housed€the€defendant€pretrial,Ð ¬ ü  Ðtestified€to€her€interactions€with€the€defendant€while€he€was€awaiting€trial.€€She€testified€that€heÐ ’â  Ðprayed€very€frequently,€was€generally€remorseful,€and€had€purchased,€on€his€own€accord,€a€case€ofÐ xÈ  ÐBibles€for€the€Center.Ð ^®  ÐÐ D”  ÐAlong€the€same€lines,€a€therapist€at€Middle€Tennessee€Mental€Health€Institute€testified€thatÐ *z  Ðthe€defendant€was€highly€remorseful€and€harbored€regret.€€Further,€she€added€that€the€defendant,Ð ` Ðalways€quiet€and€shy,€suffered€from€suicidal€ideation€and€depression.€€Ð öF ÐÐ Ü, ÐFinally,€the€defendantððs€parents€testified.€€Mr.€Rouse€described€his€sonððs€upbringing,€hisÐ Â Ðsonððs€problems,€his€involvement€in€the€life€of€his€son,€and€his€own€involvement€in€drugs€and€alcohol.€Ð ¨ø ÐHe€first€described€his€family€history,€including€that€of€his€brother,€who€suffered€from€psychologicalÐ ŽÞ Ðproblems,€attempted€suicide,€and€died€of€AIDS.€€Further,€he€admitted€to€his€own€problems€withÐ tÄ Ðalcohol€and€drugs,€recalling€his€previous€addictions€and€the€financial€and€emotional€stress€theyÐ Zª Ðcaused.€€Many€days€and€nights,€in€front€of€his€children,€he€and€his€wife€fought€and€argued.€Ð @ ÐGenerally,€this€fighting,€his€problems,€and€his€job€distanced€him€from€his€children.€€Further,€he€didÐ &v Ðdescribe€one€particular€problem€with€the€defendant€involving€his€car€and€speeding€tickets.€€Also,€heÐ  \ Ðtestified€to€his€knowledge€of€two€particular€incidents:€an€incident€in€which€the€defendant€pointed€hisÐ òB Ðrifle€at€his€brother,€and€the€previously€discussed€€incident€involving€the€upside„down€crucifix.€Ð Ø( ÐÐ ¾ ÐLikewise,€Mrs.€Rouse€described€her€son,€his€problems,€and€her€husbandððs€history€of€alcoholÐ ¤ô Ðaddiction€and€threatening€behavior.€€She€added€that€before€the€shooting€the€defendant€had€alwaysÐ Š Ú Ðbeen€her€ð ðgood€boy,ðð€helping€his€younger€brother€and€grandmother€in€various€ways.€€Further,€sheÐ p!À  Ðdescribed€the€defendantððs€job€history,€including€the€long€hours€he€worked€after€school€at€a€local€gasÐ V"¦! Ðand€convenience€store.€€In€fact,€she€added€that€his€paycheck€would€sometimes€help€support€theÐ <#Œ" Ðfamily.€€Finally,€she€described€the€defendant€after€the€shooting,€his€suicide€attempt,€his€words€ofÐ "$r# Ðremorse€and€regret,€and€his€charitable€actions.€€€€€Ð %X $ ÐÐ î%>!% ÐAfter€closing€argument,€the€jury€deliberated€for€some€three€hours,€considering€not€merely€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðtestimony€outlined€above€but€all€the€relevant€testimony€from€the€trial.€€In€the€end,€€the€jury€found€twoÐ º' #' Ðaggravating€circumstances€for€the€murder€of€Carolyn€Foster:€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„204(i)(3)Ð  (ð#( Ðand€(7).€€The€jury€found€one€aggravating€factor€for€the€murder€of€Diane€Collins:€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð †)Ö$) Ððð€39„13„204(i)(3).€€The€jury€then€imposed€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€on€both€countsÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒF#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒ$F#ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ.Ð l*¼%* ÐÐ R+¢&+ ÐOn€this€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€that€these€two€life€without€the€possibility€of€paroleÐ 8,ˆ', Ðterms€are€excessive.€€That€is,€while€he€freely€concedes€that€the€aggravating€circumstances€found€byÐ ° Ðthe€jury€plainly€apply,€he€argues€that€certain€mitigating€factors€were€inappropriately€disregarded.€Ð –æ ÐOn€that€basis,€he€appeals.Ð |Ì ÐÐ b² ÐTo€succeed€on€this€claim,€the€defendant€bears€a€heavy€burden,€for,€as€we€described€above,Ð H˜ Ðthe€decision€to€impose€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€rests€within€the€considered€discretion€ofÐ . ~ Ðthe€jury.€€Further,€the€defendant€must€demonstrate€to€this€Court€that€the€jury€not€merely€abused€butÐ  d Ðrather€arbitrarily€imposed€the€sentence€as€a€€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€this€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ú J Ððð€39„13„207(g).Ð à 0 ÐÐ Æ   ÐIn€this€case,€the€defendant€asserts€that€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€discretion€occurred€because€the€juryÐ ¬ ü  Ðdid€not€properly€weigh€and€consider€the€proven€mitigating€circumstances.€€Particularly,€the€defendantÐ ’â  Ðcomplains€of€the€juryððs€failure€to€find€the€mitigating€circumstance€defined€by€ðð€39„13„204(j)(8),Ð xÈ  Ðwhich€reads:Ð ^®  ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ ¡,°œXÓThe€capacity€of€the€defendant€to€appreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€the€defendantððsÐ D”  Ðconduct€or€to€conform€the€defendantððs€conduct€to€the€requirements€of€the€law€wasÐ *z  Ðsubstantially€impaired€as€a€result€of€mental€disease€or€defect€or€intoxication€whichÐ ` Ðwas€insufficient€to€establish€a€defense€to€the€crime€but€which€substantially€affectedÐ öF Ðthe€defendantððs€judgment.Ð Ü, ÐÓ X'^ÓÓ X^ÓÓ X ^ÓÓ" °œX¡,5^"ÓÐ Â ÐPointing€to€the€testimony€of€both€Deborah€Richardson€and€Dr.€A.K.M.€Fakhruddin׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€at€trial,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€defendant€argues€that€the€jury€had€ample€evidence€to€conclude€that€he€was€suffering€from€a€mostÐ ŽÞ Ðsevere€mental€illness,€paranoid€schizophrenia,€and€was€also€experiencing€depression,€delusions€andÐ tÄ Ðauditory€hallucinations€which€in€toto€prevented€him€from€controlling€or€even€understanding€hisÐ Zª Ðactions.€€While€this€Court,€having€reviewed€the€entire€trial€transcript,€does€acknowledge€that€theÐ @ Ðdefense€presented€this€evidence,€we€must€also€point€out€that€the€State€presented€its€own€experts,€Dr.Ð &v ÐRokeya€Farooque€and€Dr.€Samuel€Craddock,€who€rather€than€confirming€the€paranoid€schizophrenicÐ  \ Ðdiagnosis€stated€that,€in€their€professional€opinion,€the€defendant€was€not€suffering€from€any€majorÐ òB Ðmental€illness€at€the€time€of€the€offense€that€would€have€rendered€him€incapable€of€controlling€orÐ Ø( Ðunderstanding€his€actions.€€Apparently,€the€jury€credited€these€experts€and€their€diagnosis€rather€thanÐ ¾ Ðthat€of€the€defense€experts.€€This€Court€will€not€now€second„guess€that€decision.׃4×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Therefore,€in€soÐ ¤ô Ðfar€as€the€defendant€claims€the€juryððs€failure€to€consider€(j)(8)€was€a€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€discretion,€weÐ Š Ú Ðmust€disagree.Ð p!À  ÐÐ V"¦! ÐFurther,€as€for€the€juryððs€apparent€rejection€of€the€defendantððs€other€proffered€mitigatingÐ <#Œ" Ðfactors,€two€considerations€guide€our€decision€that€no€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€discretion€is€present.€€First,€Ð "$r# Ðthere€is€no€requirement€that€a€jury€find€that€the€aggravating€circumstances€outweigh€the€mitigatingÐ %X $ Ðfactors€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€òòSeeóó€òòHarrisóó,€989€S.W.2d€at€317.€€Second,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„Ð î%>!% Ð13„204€requires€the€jury€to€find€aggravating€circumstances€and€€consider€mitigating€circumstancesÐ ° Ðbut€does€not€require€any€additional€findings€or€standards€for€choosing€life€with€the€possibility€ofÐ –æ Ðparole€or€life.€€In€this€case,€the€jury€properly€found€two€aggravating€circumstances€for€the€murderÐ |Ì Ðof€Carolyn€Foster€and€one€aggravating€circumstance€for€the€murder€of€Diane€Collins.€€€Clearly,€evenÐ b² Ðconsidering€mitigators€like€(i)(3)€and€(i)(7),€upon€this€record€the€juryððs€findings€and€its€impositionÐ H˜ Ðof€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€were€not€a€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€discretion.€€That€is,€such€aÐ . ~ Ðdecision€is€not€a€ð ðgross€abuseðð€of€discretion,€as€the€defendant€did€enter€the€crowded€hallways€of€aÐ  d Ðhigh€school€at€the€beginning€of€the€school€day€and€fire€a€rifle.€€Everyone€in€that€hall€and€in€theÐ ú J Ðvicinity,€teachers,€teenagers€and€children,€was€put€in€immediate€danger;€unexpecting€andÐ à 0 Ðunprotected,€their€lives€were€suddenly€at€the€whim€of€the€defendant.€€Three€victims€were€shot,€twoÐ Æ   Ðlives€were€lost,€and€many€more€lives€were€changed€foreverÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒHX#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒgX#ÔÔ‡ ¼л»¼ÐÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ.€€Ð ¬ ü  Ѐ€Ð ’â  Ðò òòòÓ  ÓÓ XÓAttempted€Murder€Sentencingóóó óÐ xÈ  ÐÓ X±nÓÓ¥nÓÐ ^®  ÐAfter€the€jury€sentencing,€the€trial€court€conducted€its€own€sentencing€hearing€inÐ D”  Ðconsideration€of€the€two€attempted€murder€convictions.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€40„35„203.€€The€trialÐ *z  Ðcourt€imposed€two€consecutive€twenty„five€year€sentences.€€The€defendant€now€appeals€thoseÐ ` Ðsentences€as€excessive.Ð öF ÐÐ Ü, ÐWhen€a€defendant€appeals€his€sentence,€tÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ2n#ÔÔ‡#XzŒXXXzŒÔhis€Courtððs€review€is€de€novo€with€a€presumptionÐ Â Ðof€correctness.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned,€however,Ð ¨ø Ðupon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principlesÐ ŽÞ Ðand€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€Ð tÄ ÐIf€the€trial€court€fails€to€comply€with€the€statutory€directives,€there€is€no€presumption€of€correctnessÐ Zª Ðand€our€review€is€de€novo.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997).Ð @ ÐÐ &v ÐIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€imposedÐ  \ Ða€lawful€sentence€after€giving€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€setÐ òB Ðout€under€sentencing€law,€and€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€theÐ Ø( Ðrecord,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€Ð ¾ ÐòòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ô#†XzŒXX#XzŒ q#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔÔ#† ¼лX XzŒQn#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔÐ ¤ô ÐÐ Š Ú ÐIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€several€enhancing€factors:Ð p!À  ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ$”,È’X°œX$Óà0 4 àà  à(1)€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€orÐ V"¦! Ðmore€people;Ð<#Œ"4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ( °œX”,È’X/w(ÓÓ$”,È’X°œX$Ó(2)€the€offense€involved€more€that€one€victim;Ð "$r# Ð(3)€the€defendant€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;€andÐ %X $ Ðà0 4 àà  à(4)€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€humanÐ î%>!% Ðlife€was€high.ÐÔ&$"&4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ X!wÓÓ XwÓÓ XwÓÓ( °œX”,È’X"x(ÓÓ XÓFurther,€the€trial€court€found€certain€mitigating€factors:Ð º' #' ÐÓ X÷yÓ(1)€his€youth;€andÐ  (ð#( Ð(2)€lack€of€a€prior€criminal€record.Ð †)Ö$) ÐÐ l*¼%* ÐÓ XÓà  àThe€trial€court€weighed€these€factors€and€imposed€the€statutory€maximum,€twenty„five€yearsÐ R+¢&+ Ðstating:€€ð ðI€think€th[e]€mitigating€factors€are€far€outweighed€by€the€horror€of€these€crimes,€and€whatÐ 8,ˆ', Ðhappened€that€day€at€Richland€High€SchoolÔ#† ¼лX XzŒiv#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ'v#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔ.ððÐ ° ÐÓ XÛzÓÐ –æ ÐWe€find€that€this€determination€is€not€entitled€to€the€statutory€presumption€of€correctness€forÐ |Ì Ðtwo€reasons.€First,€enhancing€factor€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€40„35„114(3)€(offense€involved€multipleÐ b² Ðvictims),€does€not€properly€apply€to€either€attempted€murder€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Claboóó,€905Ð H˜ ÐS.W.2d€197,€206€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Second,€it€is€not€clear€from€the€record€whether€the€trialÐ . ~ Ðcourt€began€at€the€proper€presumptive€sentence.׃&×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р d ÐÐ ú J ÐTherefore,€we€review€de€novo.€€First,€we€consider€the€enhancing€factors€argued€by€the€State.€Ð à 0 ÐWe€find,€as€did€the€trial€court,€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(2)€(leader€in€offense),(9)€(firearm),Ð Æ   Ðand(10)€(risk€to€human€life)€apply.׃4×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Next,€we€consider€the€defendantððs€proffered€mitigating€factors.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐWe€find,€as€did€the€trial€court,€that€the€defendant€is€entitled€to€some€mitigation€based€upon€his€youthÐ ’â  Ðat€the€time€of€the€offense€and€his€lack€of€any€real€previous€criminal€record.Ð xÈ  ÐÐ ^®  ÐFurther,€as€for€the€defendantððs€other€proffered€mitigating€factors,€we€find€only€two€factors€Ð D”  Ðapplicable:€€lack€of€criminal€record€and€youth.€And€even€though€the€defendant€goes€to€some€lengthÐ *z  Ðto€argue€that€his€poor€mental€condition€should€provide€mitigation,€we€choose€not€to€apply€that€factorÐ ` Ðhere.€€For,€as€stated€before,€the€jury€heard€conflicting€evidence€on€this€point€and€clearly€credited€theÐ öF ÐStateððs€experts€rather€than€the€defendantððs.€€We€have€reviewed€all€testimony€and€now€find€that€theÐ Ü, Ðjuryððs€decision€was€well„considered.€€Therefore,€we,€like€the€trial€court,€will€not€apply€that€factor.Ð Â ÐÐ ¨ø ÐBeginning€with€the€statutory€minimum€of€fifteen€years,€we€place€great€weight€on€factor(10),Ð ŽÞ Ðgreat€weight€on€factor(9),€and€some€weight€on€factor(2)€and€enhance€the€sentence€to€the€maximumÐ tÄ Ðceiling.€€However,€placing€some€weight€on€the€mitigating€factor€(lack€of€a€criminal€record)€and€littleÐ Zª Ðweight€on€mitigating€factor€(youth),€we€must€reduce€the€sentence.€€In€the€end,€we€determine€that€theÐ @ Ðappropriate€sentence,€on€each€count,€is€twenty„one€years.€€As€we€outline€below,€we€do€not€disturbÐ &v Ðthe€manner€of€service.ò òó óÐ  \ ÐÐ òB Ðòòò òÓ  ÓÓ XÓConsecutive€SentencingÐ Ø( Ðó óóóÓ Xª‡ÓÓž‡ÓÐ ¾ ÐAfter€the€jury€had€imposed€the€two€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole€sentences€and€afterÐ ¤ô Ðthe€trial€court€had€imposed€the€two€twenty„five€year€sentences,€the€trial€court€then€ordered€that€allÐ Š Ú Ðthe€sentences€be€served€consecutively.€€The€defendant€now€argues€that€consecutive€service€isÐ p!À  Ðexcessive.€€Part€and€parcel€of€this€argument,€the€defendant€argues€that€two€consecutive€life€withoutÐ V"¦! Ðthe€possibility€of€parole€terms€are€unnecessary,€logically€nonsensical,€and€excessive.Ð <#Œ" ÐÐ "$r# ÐIn€Tennessee,€a€trial€court€may€impose€consecutive€sentencing€whenÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒp|#ÔÔ‡!X¬! XXXzŒÔ€Ô#†XzŒX X!X¬!ÛŠ#ÔÔ‡#XzŒXXXzŒÔthe€court€finds€by€aÐ %X $ Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence€that:Ð î%>!% ÐÓ XÓÓ Œ ¡,°œXÓÓ XÓÓ XÓà0 4 àà  à(1)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowingly€devoted€suchÐ Ô&$"& Ðdefendantððs€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood;а4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(2)€[t]he€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive;Жæ4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(3)[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€so€declared€by€aÐ |Ì Ðcompetent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€a€result€of€an€investigation€prior€toÐ b² Ðsentencing€that€the€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€aÐ H˜ Ðpattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÐ . ~ Ðconsequences;Ð d4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(4)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÐ ú J Ðregard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€theÐ à 0 Ðrisk€to€human€life€is€high;ÐÆ  4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(5)€[t]he€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involvingÐ ¬ ü  Ðsexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÐ ’â  Ðarising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€theÐ xÈ  Ðtime€span€of€defendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€theÐ ^®  Ðsexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€theÐ D”  Ðvictim€or€victims;Ð*z 4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(6)€[t]he€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€on€probation;€orÐ`4Ð 4Ð  Ð(7)€[t]he€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.Ð öF ÐÓ XÊ‹ÓÓ XØ‹ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1)„(6);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€924€S.W.2d€912,€917€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ü, ÐApp.€1995).€€Furthermore,€where,€as€here,€the€defendant€is€classified€as€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€theÐ Â Ðcourt€is€required€to€determine€whether€the€consecutive€sentences€(1)€are€reasonably€related€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðseverity€of€the€offenses€committed;€(2)€serve€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct€byÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€offender;€and€(3)€are€congruent€with€general€principles€of€sentencing.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,Ð tÄ Ð905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).€€Ð Zª Ðà Ü àà  àÔ#†XzŒXX#XzŒ‹#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔÔ#† ¼лX XzŒ.|#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔ¹Ó XÓIn€this€case,€the€trial€courtððs€findings€in€regard€to€consecutive€sentencing€are€brief:Ð &v ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÓ XÓ.€.€.€and€if€those€facts€donððt€make€him€a€dangerous€offender,€then€I€donððt€know€whatÐ  \ Ðwould.€€And€I€do€think€that€in€the€sentences€the€court€imposes,€the€court€mustÐ òB Ðconsider€the€protection€of€the€public€from€a€person€like€Mr.€Rouse.€.€.€.€€It€will€furtherÐ Ø( Ðbe€the€judgment€of€the€court€that€these€two€sentences€be€served€consecutive€one€withÐ ¾ Ðthe€other,€and€consecutive€with€Count€One€and€Count€Two€of€this€indictment.€Ð ¤ô ÐÌÓ XN—ÓÓ X@—ÓÓ X2—ÓThe€defendant€asks€this€Court€to€first€determine€that€these€findings€are€not€entitled€to€theÐ p!À  Ðpresumption€of€correctness.€€However,€after€conducting€our€review,€we€conclude€that€the€recordÐ V"¦! Ðsupports€the€trial€courtððs€findings€regarding€the€defendantððs€classification€as€both€a€dangerousÐ <#Œ" Ðoffender€and€a€multiple€offender.€€Ð "$r# ÐÐ %X $ ÐNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€imposition€of€two€life€without€the€possibility€of€paroleÐ î%>!% Ðterms€are€excessive€in€so€much€as€they€are€unnecessary€to€protect€the€public€and€are€logicallyÐ Ô&$"& Ðnonsensical.€€Deciding€this€issue,€we€are€guided€less€by€the€strictures€of€logic€than€we€are€byÐ º' #' Ðprecedent.€€Our€Supreme€Court€has€declined,€on€several€occasions,€to€give€this€issue€merit€denyingÐ  (ð#( Ðpermission€to€appeal€in€cases€in€which€an€additional€sentence€has€been€ordered€served€consecutiveÐ †)Ö$) Ðto€a€sentence€of€life€without€the€possibility€of€parole.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v,€Robinsonóó,€930€S.W.2d€78,Ð l*¼%* Ð85€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€perm.€to€appeal€denied€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Leon€Barnett€Collieróó,€No.Ð R+¢&+ Ð03C01„9602„CR„00072€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Jan.€14,€1997,€at€Knoxville),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóóÐ 8,ˆ', Ð(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Sammie€Lee€Tayloróó,€No.€02C01„9501„CR„00029€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Ð ° ÐOct.€10,€1996,€at€Jackson),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1997).€€We€defer€to€their€guidance€but€alsoÐ –æ Ðnote€that€as€this€crime€and€its€impact€on€the€families€and€the€community€were€most€severe,€upon€aÐ |Ì Ðfinding€of€guilt,€only€a€severe€and€lengthy€punishment€would€be€appropriate.Ð b² ЀÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒS–#ÔÔ‡ XzŒXXXzŒÔÔ#† ¼лX XzŒ•–#ÔÔ‡ XzŒX» ¼ÐÔÐ H˜ ÐÓ  Óò òÓ XÓConclusionó óÐ . ~ ÐÓ X®¡ÓÐ  d ÐÓŸ¡ÓFor€these€reasons,€we€affirm€the€sentences€as€imposed€by€the€trial€court€in€all€but€one€regard:Ð ú J ÐThe€defendantððs€two€twenty„five€sentences€are€now€reduced€to€two€twenty„one€year€sentences.€Ð à 0 ÐTherefore,€the€defendantððs€new€sentence€is€as€follows:€Two€consecutive€terms€of€life€without€theÐ Æ   Ðpossibility€of€parole€followed€by€two€consecutive€terms€of€twenty„one€years.ò òó óÔ#†XzŒXX XzŒ)¡#ÔÔ#†¼лXXzŒk¡#ÔÔ‡XzŒX»¼ÐÔÐ ¬ ü  ÐÐ ’â  ÐÐ xÈ  ÐÐ ^®  ÐÐ D”  ÐÐ *z  Ðà 4 àà ` àà Œ àà ¸ àà ä àà  àà < àà h àà ” àà À àà ì à____________________________________Ð ` Ðà 4 àà ` àà Œ àà ¸ àà ä àà  àà < àà h àà ” àà À àà ì àJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGEÐ öF ÐÔ#†¼лXXzŒ ¤#ÔÔ€XzŒX»¼ÐÔ