ÿWPCÀ „„LnlmrmÔ$ùdqE¿ÔiXªŠtÆ-l"^j÷ßv:sT@©&~„Kp†šã¾÷Prkg¢lзµD8[:ì )[ƉÔݺh½Ûx¤Ç¯3óÕù¼g _.ÄËka.%šéex>Ñ?ZM·kÑî]ýW¥Àk5ÜìÕÍéx°åÔÕ0™X]±‹òõ$i>öÃí¯‹ÛÝqíè”Û¬·0ÊBðÄšh,¨Ñ•¶ËpµƒK K~È@&¶ŒøÀöP*’Ê cˆ:@ßó¥ž2ì*„é@\!:tÛÄ*G'€Ìè£Ö˜Š^=ayûH_df­Þ|5»Hò§@X‘“ûýe™J¾ÀO`.„G-Yãò#Õ=÷užPî^îg'Ö„íTÀÛíÞ žÅlþíîÂ’ÛqÏ<¼ê «± |¦ñE« d±Dx¹ÜfŠC nÁõâŒQ9¡ Q0’i%1”¡É»ÄjN€•ûìÐ]ˆûdBÙ>]£Ö>¹Ü)6± ‡¹A¥ÿ*:,ö×hIw>wé¬ä°6¸€•;÷ x³±]Rã8l2Ä-ˆUÕÈR˜ê‰ÂSj\n5#¢=Ú^zÐùòLMñ ¶jÜhÊqÐwŠb#Á\ % U@# 0ˆc UNë ^ 9 wE zI Òà 4• © ¸ 0DÔ Æ ÆÞ ƤÆj0N2`4 m”E«««­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­bµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµµ 0ë½½½½ B¨¨ 0¤Å D3i D-œ 0KÉÉ ASÆg 0¤- 0DÑ A«˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular@‡ü(L  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt¬sp'' (%1!cN©3|x Ý ƒRœÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-¤ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔScott€testified€that€she€had€already€pled€guilty€to€introducing€a€drug€or€causing€a€drug€to€be€introduced€intoÐ ° Ðthe€county€jail.€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 VÝ ƒRœÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-¤ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔSherriffÔ_Ô€was€the€first€witness€to€testify€at€trial,€but€it€makes€more€sense€chronologically€for€us€to€place€herÐ ° Ðtestimony€at€the€end€of€our€recitation€of€the€facts.ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ - ù-(|G2œÇ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€MÈ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-¤ò»»Ô d(|3VŒ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€MÈ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3VŒ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€MÈ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€MÈ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼MÈ»»»ÔÑ8€6\XXdæ»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îlÃMÈÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼MÈ»îîlÃ#ԈРР ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àApril€2000€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ‡X6\X»¼MÈÔÌò òÔ#†¼MÈ»XX6\#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€LAWRENCE€DAVIS€Ô_ÔSHERRILLÔ_ÔÔ‡X6\X»¼MÈÔó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Carroll€CountyÐ Ø ( Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98CR„1256€€€€€€C.€Creed€Ô_ÔMcGinleyÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ ¾  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<o` AßÐ pÀ  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„01488„CCA„R3„CD€„€Decided€July€27,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ eµ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<0` AßÐ 1  Ðó óÌÓ  Óà  àThis€appeal€results€from€the€defendant's€conviction€by€a€Carroll€County€jury€for€introducingÐ &v  Ðcontraband€into€a€penal€institution.€€He€was€sentenced€to€six€years€incarceration€and€fined€$2,500.€Ð  \ ÐOn€appeal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€granting€his€motion€for€a€new€trialÐ òB Ðbased€on€the€lack€of€evidence€to€corroborate€the€testimony€of€his€accomplice€required€for€aÐ Ø( Ðconviction.€€After€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€Ð ¾ ÐÔ#†¼MÈ»XX6\±#ÔÔ‡X6\X»¼MÈÔÓôÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ŠÚ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼MÈ»àX6\u#ÔÔ‡X6\X.¼MÈÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòDavid€G.Ð V¦ ÐHayes,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð <Œ ÐÌSteven€L.€West,€McKenzie,€Tennessee€(on€appeal)€and€John€E.€Williams,€Huntingdon,€TennesseeÐ X Ð(at€trial)€for€the€appellant,€Lawrence€Davis€Ô_ÔSherrillÔ_Ô.Ð î> ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Tara€B.€Hinkle,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð º  ÐRobert€ð ðGusðð€Ô_ÔRadfordÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Eleanor€Cahill,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ  ð ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð † Ö  ÐÓÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼MÈ»XX6\@#ÔÔ‡X6\X»¼MÈÔÐ R"¢" ÐÌÔ#†¼MÈ»XX6\… #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X6\X»¼MÈÔà  àOn€September€21,€1998,€a€Carroll€County€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€against€the€defendant,Ð $n$ ÐLawrence€Ô_ÔSherrillÔ_Ô,€for€introducing€contraband€into€a€penal€institution€where€prisoners€were€housed.€Ð %T % ÐOn€October€29,€1998,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€six€years€in€prison€and€assessed€aÐ ê%:!& Ðfine€of€$2,500.€€On€November€25,€1998,€the€defendant€filed€a€motion€for€new€trial€on€the€groundsÐ Ð& "' Ðthat€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€a€conviction€and,€on€May€7,€1999,€the€defendant€filedÐ ¶'#( Ða€supplement€to€motion€to€dismiss€alleging€that€Tennessee€law€does€not€allow€a€conviction€basedÐ œ(ì#) Ðsolely€on€the€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€After€considering€the€evidence€and€arguments€of€counsel,Ð ‚)Ò$* Ðthe€trial€court€denied€the€defendant's€motion€on€May€10,€1999.€€The€defendant€appeals€on€a€singleÐ h*¸%+ Ðissue:€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€directed€verdict€whenÐ N+ž&, Ðthe€only€incriminating€evidence€was€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€a€co„defendant.€€After€a€carefulÐ 4,„'- Ðreview€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð -j(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò òFACTSÐ ° ÐÌó óà  àOn€Thursday,€March€12,€1998,€co„defendant€Casey€Renae€Scott׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€was€living€at€herÐ |Ì Ðgrandmother's€house€in€Huntingdon,€Tennessee,€when€she€received€several€collect€phone€calls€fromÐ b² Ðthe€defendant.€€Scott€had€dated€the€defendant,€who€was€housed€at€the€jail,€for€about€a€year€and€a€halfÐ H˜ Ðprior€to€that€time.€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€told€her€to€put€some€marijuana€in€a€book€and€bringÐ . ~ Ðit€to€the€jail.€€Since€the€defendant's€visiting€day€was€not€until€the€next€Sunday,€he€arranged€to€haveÐ  d Ðthe€marijuana€brought€in€by€Tracey€Pearson,€a€fellow€inmate.€€The€defendant€told€Scott€to€get€theÐ ú J Ðdrugs€from€his€brother,€Kenny,€and€put€it€in€the€binding€of€the€book.€€She€was€to€glue€the€ends€of€theÐ à 0 Ðbinding€together.€€At€trial,€Scott€identified€the€Bible€in€which€she€placed€the€marijuana.€€She€statedÐ Æ   Ðthat€her€name€appeared€on€that€Bible€but€testified€that€she€scratched€it€out€and€put€Pearson's€nameÐ ¬ ü  Ðon€it€in€two€places.€€After€preparing€the€Bible,€Scott€was€told€by€the€defendant€to€give€it€to€TrenellÐ ’â  ÐJohnson€to€bring€to€Pearson€at€the€jail.€€Johnson€was€to€pick€the€book€up€from€Scott€at€her€residence.€Ð xÈ  ÐJohnson€arrived€at€Scott's€residence€around€6:30€or€7:00€p.m.,€at€which€time€Scott€handed€her€a€sackÐ ^®  Ðcontaining€the€Bible,€two€envelopes,€and€a€black€pair€of€sweat€pants.€€Scott€did€not€see€the€itemsÐ D”  Ðagain€until€she€was€arrested.Ð *z  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Scott€testified€that€she€received€a€sentence€of€three€years€at€thirtyÐ öF Ðpercent€as€part€of€her€plea€agreement.€€She€admitted€that€she€did€not€tell€the€police€the€whole€storyÐ Ü, Ðon€March€12,€1998,€when€she€gave€a€false€statement€that€Pearson,€rather€than€the€defendant,€told€herÐ Â Ðthat€Johnson€was€coming€over€to€get€the€Bible.€€At€trial,€she€stated€that€she€talked€to€Pearson€on€theÐ ¨ø Ðphone,€but€it€was€the€defendant€who€told€her€that€Johnson€was€coming€over.€€She€also€admitted€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðshe€lied€when€she€told€police€that€there€was€nothing€in€the€Bible€when€she€gave€it€to€Johnson.€€OnÐ tÄ Ðthe€Wednesday€before€the€trial,€Scott€decided€to€tell€the€truth.€€She€admitted€that€she€had€neverÐ Zª Ðimplicated€the€defendant€until€that€Wednesday,€when€the€prosecutor€came€to€the€jail€to€see€her.€€SheÐ @ Ðstated€that€the€State€had€not€threatened€her€or€made€promises€to€her€in€exchange€for€her€testimony.€Ð &v ÐScott€had€not€talked€to€Johnson€recently€but€did€see€her€outside€the€courtroom.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àOn€redirect,€the€witness€testified€that€the€defendant€had€written€her€letters€telling€her€not€toÐ Ø( Ðtestify.€€She€agreed€that€the€letters€said,€"But€whoever€wants€to€testify€against€me,€good€luck"€andÐ ¾ Ð"Your€brother€would€spread€this€around€that€you're€a€snitch€to€everybody,"€which€scared€her.€€Ð ¤ô ÐÌà  àOn€recross,€Scott€admitted€that€she€forgot€when€asked€on€cross„examination€that€theÐ p!À  Ðprosecutor€came€to€see€her€on€the€Thursday€before€trial€and€that€she€gave€the€prosecutor€two€lettersÐ V"¦! Ðthe€defendant€had€written€her.€€Scott€had€received€them€the€week€before€the€trial€and€recognized€theÐ <#Œ" Ðdefendant's€handwriting.€€Another€letter€had€come€the€day€of€the€trial,€which€she€did€not€read.€€SheÐ "$r# Ðtestified€that€she€was€scared,€because€the€letters€sounded€like€the€defendant€did€not€want€her€to€testifyÐ %X $ Ðagainst€him€and€wanted€her€to€lie.€€The€witness€denied€that€the€defendant€threatened€her€in€the€letters,Ð î%>!% Ðbut€then€stated€on€further€redirect€that€she€was€threatened.€€The€letters€were€introduced€into€evidence.€Ð Ô&$"& Ðâ âÐ º' #' Ðà  àTrenell€Johnson€was€called€by€the€State€as€a€witness.€€She€testified€that€she€knew€theÐ ° Ðâ âdefendant€in€school€but€had€not€dated€him.€€Johnson€was€dating€Tracey€Pearson€in€March€of€1998Ð –æ Ðwhen€the€alleged€incident€occurred.€€At€that€time,€Pearson€was€housed€in€the€county€jail,€and€JohnsonÐ |Ì Ðplanned€to€visit€him€on€his€regular€Thursday€visiting€day,€March€12.€€While€she€was€still€at€herÐ b² Ðcousinððs€house,€the€defendant€called€her€and€wanted€her€to€pick€up€some€things€from€Casey€ScottÐ H˜ Ðto€bring€to€the€jail.€€He€told€her€to€give€the€items€to€Pearson.€€According€to€the€witness,€she€went€toÐ . ~ ÐCasey€Scottððs€house€and€received€some€items€in€a€bag.€€She€denied€knowing€what€was€in€the€bag,Ð  d Ðwhich€she€took€to€the€jail.€€There€was€a€sign€outside€the€jail€waiting€area€that€instructed€visitors€toÐ ú J Ðhave€a€name€on€every€personððs€belongings,€so€she€put€the€name€[Tracey€Pearson]€on€the€bag.€Ð à 0 ÐMarijuana€was€found€in€the€Bible,€and€Johnson€denied€knowing€that€it€was€there.€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Johnson€stated€that€she€was€not€charged€in€the€incident.€€She€thenÐ ’â  Ðstated€that€she€did€not€talk€to€the€defendant€at€her€cousinððs€house€and€that€he€did€not€tell€her€to€goÐ xÈ  Ðget€anything.€€She€testified€that€it€was€Pearson€who€told€her€to€get€the€items€from€Scott,€and€she€didÐ ^®  Ðnot€know€if€the€defendant€was€ever€going€to€see€those€items.€€According€to€Johnson,€Pearson€hadÐ D”  Ðbeen€with€her€the€week€before€the€trial€but€had€since€left.€€On€redirect,€Johnson€admitted€that€she€toldÐ *z  Ðthe€prosecutor€that€the€defendant€called€her€cousinððs€house€but€stated€that€she€did€not€actually€talkÐ ` Ðto€him.Ð öF ÐÌà  àThe€Stateððs€next€witness€was€Tammy€Annette€Hoffman,€who€was€a€jailer€with€the€CarrollÐ Â ÐCounty€Sheriffððs€Department€on€March€12,€1998.€€She€stated€that€it€is€a€routine€procedure€for€theÐ ¨ø Ðjailers€to€examine€packages€that€are€brought€in€for€inmates.€€Hoffman€received€a€package€for€TraceyÐ ŽÞ ÐPearson€that€contained€a€pair€of€jogging€pants€and€a€Bible.€€When€Hoffman€opened€the€Bible,€sheÐ tÄ Ðnoticed€some€green€plant„like€material€in€the€binding€of€the€book€and€notified€the€ð ðchief€upstairs.ðð€Ð Zª ÐThe€chief€cut€open€the€binding€of€the€Bible€and,€upon€discovery€of€the€marijuana,€took€custody€ofÐ @ Ðthe€book.€€On€cross„examination,€the€witness€examined€the€Bible€and€stated€that€the€marijuana€wasÐ &v Ðstill€in€the€binder€of€the€Bible.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àAnthony€Moon,€Chief€Deputy€for€the€Carroll€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€also€testified€forÐ Ø( Ðthe€State.€€Deputy€Moon€was€at€the€jail€on€March€12,€1998.€€He€was€called€by€jailer€Tammy€HoffmanÐ ¾ Ðto€come€upstairs,€because€something€was€found€in€an€incoming€package.€€When€he€arrived€upstairs,Ð ¤ô ÐHoffman€showed€Deputy€Moon€a€Bible€that€had€marijuana€in€the€binding.€€He€identified€the€BibleÐ Š Ú Ðat€trial.€€After€taking€custody€of€the€book,€Deputy€Moon€took€it€downstairs€and€locked€it€in€the€drugÐ p!À  Ðlocker.€€The€book€was€eventually€sent€to€the€lab.€€As€a€result€of€Deputy€Moonððs€investigation,€theÐ V"¦! Ðdefendant€and€Casey€Scott€were€charged.€€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Deputy€Moon€testified€that€he€did€not€believe€the€statement€that€CaseyÐ %X $ ÐScott€gave€him€that€night.€€He€stated€that€his€office€had€made€several€unsuccessful€attempts€to€serveÐ î%>!% Ða€subpoena€on€Tracey€Pearson€but€was€able€to€serve€his€girlfriend,€Trenell€Johnson.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àBetty€Kathryn€Sherriff,€special€agent€forensic€scientist€and€regional€crime€laboratoryÐ  (ð#( Ðâ âsupervisor€for€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,€described€the€procedure€used€to€identifyÐ †)Ö$) Ðsuspected€drugs€in€substances€submitted€to€the€lab.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€testing€a€suspected€marijuana€substance,€Ms.Ð ° Ðâ âSherriff€stated€that€she€first€weighs€the€substance€and€then€performs€a€microscopic€examination€andÐ –æ Ða€modified€Deuquenois€Levine€test.€€If€both€tests€are€positive,€she€concludes€that€the€substance€isÐ |Ì Ðmarijuana.€€Ms.€Sherriff€testified€that€she€ran€the€routine€tests€on€the€substance€found€in€the€Bible.€Ð b² ÐThe€substance€weighed€1.8€grams,€and€her€tests€identified€the€plant€material€as€marijuana.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Sherriff€stated€that€she€was€familiar€with€the€term€ð ðjointðð€as€oneÐ  d Ðhand„rolled€marijuana€cigarette.€€According€to€Ms.€Sherriff,€an€average€marijuana€cigarette€weighsÐ ú J Ðless€than€1€gram,€so€1.8€grams€was€enough€marijuana€to€roll€at€least€two€cigarettes.€€She€stated€thatÐ à 0 Ðshe€had€no€knowledge€of€the€defendantððs€involvement€with€the€marijuana€apart€from€the€fact€that€hisÐ Æ   Ðname€was€on€the€request€for€examination€form€she€received.€€Neither€Trenell€Johnsonððs€nor€TraceyÐ ¬ ü  ÐPearsonððs€name€appeared€on€the€form.€€Ms.€Sherriff€testified€that€the€microscopic€examination€sheÐ ’â  Ðuses€to€identify€marijuana€would€not€be€positive€if€marijuana€residue€was€merely€rubbed€on€a€coat,Ð xÈ  Ðbut€she€was€not€sure€if€the€modified€Deuquenois€Levine€test€would€be€positive.€€In€that€case,€sheÐ ^®  Ðexplained€that€she€would€take€a€piece€of€the€coat€and€inject€a€sample€of€it€into€a€mass„spectrometerÐ D”  Ðto€identify€tetrahydrozoline€(THC)€present€in€marijuana.€€She€did€not€do€that€procedure€in€this€case.€Ð *z  ÐMs.€Sherriff€denied€that€a€50€gallon€barrel€of€water€would€test€positive€for€THC€if€two€drops€of€theÐ ` Ðsubstance€were€dropped€into€it.€€€€€€€€€€Ð öF Ѐ€€€Ð Ü, Ðà  àThe€State€rested€its€case.€€The€defense€did€not€offer€any€proof,€and€the€case€went€to€the€jury.€Ð  ÐThe€defendant€was€subsequently€found€guilty€of€introduction€of€drugs€into€a€penal€institution,€andÐ ¨ø Ðthe€jury€set€a€fine€of€$2,500.€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àò òà h àà À àANALYSISÐ Zª ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à€€€€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ &v ÐÌà  àThe€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court€are€conclusive€on€appeal€unless€the€evidenceÐ òB Ðpreponderates€against€those€findings.€€òòÔ‡X6\XXX6\ÔòòóóState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999)Ô#†X6\XXX6\F=#Ô.€€This€courtÐ Ø( Ðwill€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€factual€evidence,€and€the€trial€courtððs€assessment€of€the€credibilityÐ ¾ Ðof€witnesses,€along€with€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€to€their€testimony,€Ô‡X6\XXX6\Ôwill€not€be€disturbedÐ ¤ô Ðon€appeal.€€òòId.óó€€Questions€involving€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€law€to€the€facts€of€a€case€areÐ Š Ú Ðreviewed€òòde€novoóó€by€this€court,€as€are€mixed€questions€of€law€and€fact.€òòId.óó;€òòRuff€v.€Stateóó,òò€óó978€S.W.2dÐ p!À  Ð95,€96€(Tenn.€1998);€òòHarries€v.€Stateóó,€958€S.W.2d€799,€802€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ô#†X6\XXX6\¯>#ÔÐ V"¦! Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òCorroborating€EvidenceÐ "$r# Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€his€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€acquittal€should€have€been€granted,Ð î%>!% Ðbecause€he€cannot€be€convicted€on€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€his€alleged€accomplice,€CaseyÐ Ô&$"& ÐRenae€Scott.€€He€argues€that€her€testimony€was€the€only€incriminating€testimony€presented€at€trialÐ º' #' Ðlinking€him€to€the€drugs.€€Trenell€Johnsonððs€testimony,€the€defendant€contends,€was€essentially€thatÐ  (ð#( Ðall€arrangements€to€transport€contraband€to€the€jail€were€made€between€her€and€Tracey€Pearson,Ð ° Ðwhich€did€not€corroborate€the€accompliceððs€story.€€Upon€careful€review€of€the€recordòòóó,€we€affirm€theÐ –æ Ðdefendantððs€conviction.€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àIn€Tennessee,€it€is€well€established€that€a€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€of€a€felony€on€theÐ H˜ Ðuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994)òòóó;€Ð . ~ ÐòòSherrill€v.€Stateóó,€321€S.W.2d€811,€815€(Tenn.€1959);€òòState€v.€Allenóó,€10€S.W.3d€286,€289€(Tenn.Ð  d ÐCrim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€985€S.W.2d€9,€15€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ú J ÐApp.€1997),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€Whether€an€accompliceððs€testimony€has€beenÐ à 0 Ðsufficiently€corroborated€to€allow€a€guilty€verdict€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€atÐ Æ   Ð803.€€However,€our€courts€have€given€us€guidance€in€determining€whether€sufficient€corroboratingÐ ¬ ü  Ðevidence€is€present:Ð ’â  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[T]here€must€be€some€fact€testified€to,€entirely€independent€of€theÐ ^®  Ðaccompliceððs€testimony,€which,€taken€by€itself,€leads€to€the€inference,Ð D”  Ðnot€only€that€a€crime€has€been€committed,€but€also€that€the€defendantÐ *z  Ðis€implicated€in€it;€and€this€independent€corroborative€testimony€mustÐ ` Ðalso€include€some€fact€establishing€the€defendantððs€identity.€€ThisÐ öF Ðcorroborative€evidence€may€be€direct€or€entirely€circumstantial,€andÐ Ü, Ðit€need€not€be€adequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction;€it€isÐ Â Ðsufficient€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairly€andÐ ¨ø Ðlegitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€ofÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€crime€charged.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€corroboration€extendÐ tÄ Ðto€every€part€of€the€accompliceððs€evidence.€€The€corroboration€needÐ Zª Ðnot€be€conclusive,€but€it€is€sufficient€if€this€evidence,€of€itself,€tendsÐ @ Ðto€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€of€the€offense,Ð &v Ðalthough€the€evidence€is€slight€and€entitled,€when€standing€alone,€toÐ  \ Ðbut€little€consideration.ÐòB` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€(citations€omitted).€Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€sufficient€corroborating€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€to€support€theÐ Š Ú Ðaccompliceððs€testimony.€€The€Bible€owned€by€the€accomplice,€Casey€Scott,€was€introduced€at€trialÐ p!À  Ðand€appeared€just€as€she€testified€that€she€prepared€it€according€to€the€defendantððs€instructions€byÐ V"¦! Ðputting€marijuana€in€the€binding.€€Scottððs€name€was€apparently€scratched€out€and€replaced€in€twoÐ <#Œ" Ðplaces€with€that€of€Tracey€Pearson.€€This€supports€Scottððs€testimony€that,€since€the€defendantððsÐ "$r# Ðvisiting€day€was€not€until€Sunday,€he€had€to€get€the€marijuana€into€the€jail€through€another€prisonerÐ %X $ Ðwhose€visiting€day€was€that€Thursday.€€In€her€testimony,€Trenell€Johnson,€who€was€not€anÐ î%>!% Ðaccomplice,€stated€that€Pearsonððs€visiting€day€was€Thursdays.€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àScottððs€testimony€that€the€defendant€arranged€to€have€Trenell€Johnson€pick€up€the€Bible€forÐ  (ð#( Ðtransfer€to€Tracey€Pearson€was€also€corroborated€by€Johnsonððs€testimony.€€Johnson€testified€that€sheÐ †)Ö$) Ðreceived€a€call€from€the€defendant,€whether€directly€or€indirectly€through€Pearson,€on€that€ThursdayÐ l*¼%* Ðtelling€her€to€go€to€Scottððs€house€to€pick€up€a€package€to€bring€to€the€jail.€€Johnson€did€so€and€wasÐ R+¢&+ Ðcaught€by€the€jailers€when€she€attempted€to€give€the€Bible€to€Pearson.€€Testimony€from€the€jailers,Ð 8,ˆ', Ðin€conjunction€with€her€own€admissions,€placed€Johnson€at€the€jail€on€Thursday,€March€12,€1998,Ð ° Ðand€verified€that€the€marijuana€was€to€be€passed€to€Pearson€in€the€binding€of€the€Bible.€€ThisÐ –æ Ðsupports€the€accompliceððs€version€of€how€she€was€instructed€by€the€defendant€to€get€the€drugs€to€himÐ |Ì Ðon€his€non„visiting€day.€€Although€the€cord€between€the€defendant€and€the€drugs€was€thin€in€places,Ð b² Ðit€was€sufficient€to€connect€the€defendant€to€the€crime.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€attempted€to€discredit€the€testimony€of€Trenell€Johnson€at€trial,€and€the€recordÐ  d Ðshows€that€her€testimony€was€contradictory€at€times.€€However,€the€issue€of€the€credibility€of€aÐ ú J Ðwitnessððs€testimony€was€presented€to€the€jury€at€trial€and€is€an€issue€exclusively€entrusted€to€the€juryÐ à 0 Ðas€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€804.€€In€addition,€whether€an€accompliceððs€testimony€hasÐ Æ   Ðbeen€sufficiently€corroborated€is€also€a€matter€entrusted€to€the€jury.€òòId.óó€€The€jury€resolved€theseÐ ¬ ü  Ðissues€in€favor€of€the€State,€and€we€see€nothing€in€the€record€that€compels€us€to€disturb€this€finding.Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àò òMotion€for€a€New€Trial€or€Acquittaló ó€€Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€to€dismiss€or€for€aÐ *z  Ðnew€trial.€€The€motion€to€dismiss€will€be€treated€as€a€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€pursuant€toÐ ` ÐTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€29(c).€€Ð öF ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€for€violating€Tennessee€CodeÐ Â ÐAnnotated€ðð€39„16„201(a)(1):Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€€It€is€unlawful€for€any€person€to:ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8¸ ` x` xà(1)€€Knowingly€and€with€unlawful€intent€take,€send€orÐ @ Ðotherwise€cause€to€be€taken€into€any€penal€institutionÐ &v Ðwhere€prisoners€are€quartered€or€under€custodialÐ  \ Ðsupervision€any€weapons,€ammunition,€explosives,Ð òB Ðintoxicants,€legend€drugs,€or€any€controlledÐ Ø( Ðsubstances€found€in€chapter€17,€part€4€of€this€title.о¸ ¸  ÐÌà  àWhen€a€motion€for€acquittal€is€presented€to€the€trial€court,€the€court€is€only€concerned€withÐ Š Ú Ðthe€legal€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€rather€than€the€weight€of€the€evidence€presented.€€òòState€v.Ð p!À  ÐBlantonóó,€926€S.W.2d€953,€957€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€determiningÐ V"¦! Ðsufficiency,€the€trial€court€must€consider€the€partiesðð€evidence,€disregard€the€defendantððs€evidenceÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€conflicts€with€that€of€the€State,€and€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence,Ð "$r# Ðincluding€all€reasonable€inferences.€€òòId.óó€at€957„58.€€If€the€evidence€is€legally€sufficient€to€support€aÐ %X $ Ðconviction,€then€the€motion€for€acquittal€is€denied.€€Our€standard€is€the€same€on€appeal.€€òòState€v.Ð î%>!% ÐAndersonóó,€880€S.W.2d€720,€726€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.óó€òòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€33(f)€allows€the€trial€court€to€grant€a€new€trial€if€theÐ  (ð#( Ðjudge,€acting€as€the€ð ðThirteenth€Juror,ðð€disagrees€with€the€jury€verdict.€€The€trial€court€must€weighÐ †)Ö$) Ðthe€evidence€and€grant€a€new€trial€if€the€evidence€presented€preponderates€against€the€verdict.€Ð l*¼%* ÐòòBlantonóó,€926€S.W.2d€at€958òòóó.òòóó€€When€the€trial€court€overrules€a€motion€for€a€new€trial,€we€can€presumeÐ R+¢&+ Ðthat€the€judge€approved€the€juryððs€verdict.€€òòId.óó€€Ð 8,ˆ', Їà  àUpon€approval€of€the€verdict,€the€defendantððs€presumption€of€innocence€is€stripped€away,Ð ° Ðand€all€conflicts€in€testimony€of€witnesses€are€resolved€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2dÐ –æ Ðat€804.€€The€question€on€appeal€again€becomes€one€of€the€legal€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€sustainÐ |Ì Ðthe€verdict,€which€prohibits€us€from€reweighing€the€evidence.€€òòBlantonóó,€926€S.W.2d€at€958.€€InÐ b² Ðreviewing€the€record,€we€must€also€keep€in€mind€that€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÐ H˜ Ðview€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€to€be€drawn€from€it.€€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€803;Ð . ~ ÐòòBlantonóó,€926€S.W.2d€at€958.€€If€the€evidence€viewed€in€this€light€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€jurorÐ  d Ðto€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€convicting€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€then€weÐ ú J Ðmust€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€verdict.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòBigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€803.€€Ð à 0 ЀÌà  àBecause€the€accompliceððs€testimony€was€sufficiently€corroborated€and€can€be€credited,€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðevidence€presented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€guilty€verdict€on€every€element€of€theÐ ’â  Ðabove„cited€offense.€€When€the€evidence,€including€the€accompliceððs€testimony,€is€viewed€in€theÐ xÈ  Ðlight€most€favorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€that€it€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€jury€to€have€foundÐ ^®  Ðthe€defendant€guilty€of€the€crime€charged€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€The€presence€of€marijuana€inÐ D”  Ðthe€Bible€supplied€by€Scott€and€carried€to€the€jail€by€Johnson€is€undisputed.€€The€evidence€supportsÐ *z  Ðthe€juryððs€decision€that€the€defendant€was€the€person€who€knowingly€caused€the€drug€to€be€broughtÐ ` Ðinto€the€jail.€€We€see€no€reason€to€disturb€the€verdict€in€this€case.€€€€€€€Ð öF ÐÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà0  àà0h(#(#àò òCONCLUSIONÐÂh(#h(# ÐÌó óà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€the€record€before€us€was€sufficient€to€corroborate€theÐ ŽÞ Ðaccompliceððs€testimony,€and,€therefore,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð tÄ ÐÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ø( Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE