ÿWPCC 3# ÚUNå %3 0(9w@a4¡µÄ 0†Ì 0DR 0J– 0Tà 0^4 0h’ 0rú 0|l 0†è 0n 1uþ 0ds 0@× D3 BJ U>g B)¥ DCÎ U* AM; AQˆ ÆÙ 0DŸ 0Dã D/' BV s |vv~òvÓp˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ UEVWXEYZD[\Ó€hkìSï"3|xk(6(2Ä$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd< Œ 9p`(Arial* &Cþÿ << Gÿÿ*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd ùÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òJuly€18,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó rÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€The€term€General€Sessions€Court€as€provided€by€Rule€1€includes€municipal€courtsÏexercising€the€jurisdiction€of€a€General€Sessions€Court.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€1,€AdvisoryÏCommission€Comments.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÙ€*ÙÓ  ÓÔ€'ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€(/&A1-j|œÿ` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÌà@ àJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òNO.€02C01„9702„CC„00076ó óÌà àAppellant,à@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òMADISON€COUNTYÌVS.ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òHON.€WHIT€LAFON,€JUDGEÌJOE€DAVID€SLOAN,ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à à(Possession€with€Intent€to€SellÌà àAppellee.à@ à)à àand/or€Deliver€a€Schedule€IIÌà@ à)à àControlled€Substance)ÌÌÌÌò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPà àà àà àà àCLIFFORD€K.€McGOWN,€JR.ó óÌAttorney€General€and€Reporterà àà àà àò ò(appeal€only)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à113€North€Court€SquareÌò òKENNETH€W.€RUCKERó óà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€26ÌAssistant€Attorney€Generalà àà àà àWaverly,€TN€37185Ì450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌNashville,€TN€37243„4351à àà àà àà àò òGEORGE€MORTON€GOOGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò(at€trial€and€of€counsel€onÏappeal)ÌœJERRY€WOODALLó ó›à àà àà àà àDistrict€Public€DefenderÌDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òSTEPHEN€P.€SPRACHERÌSHAUN€A.€BROWNó óà àà àà àà àò ò(at€trial€and€of€counsel€onÏappeal)ó óÌAssistant€District€Attorney€Generalà àà àAssistant€Public€DefenderÌLowell€Thomas€State€Office€Buildingà àà à227€West€Baltimore€StreetÌœ225€Martin€Luther€King€Drive›à àà àà àJackson,€TN€38301ÌœJackson,€TN€38301›ÌÌÌÌÌò òOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÇÓÓÑ7€ÅBXXdìXXdì7Ñà@ àòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àPursuant€to€Rule€œ3(c)›€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€theÏState€of€Tennessee€appeals€the€order€of€the€Circuit€Court€of€Madison€CountyÏdismissing€the€indictment€charging€Joe€David€Sloan€with€possession€with€theÏintent€to€sell€and/or€deliver€œmethamphetamine,›€a€Schedule€II€controlledÏsubstance.€€Sloan€filed€a€òòpro€seóóMotion€to€Dismiss,€and€after€a€hearing,€the€trialÏcourt€dismissed€the€indictment.€€We€reverse€the€decision€and€remand€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€further€proceedings.ÌÌà@ àò òòòBACKGROUNDó óóóÌÌà àIn€April€1993,€Sloan€was€indicted€œfor›€the€possession€ofÏmethamphetamine,€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance,€with€the€intent€to€sellÏand/or€deliver.€€The€offense€œallegedly€occurred›€on€or€about€September€19,Ï1992.€€Apparently,€at€the€same€time€he€was€arrested€for€the€possession€ofÏmethamphetamine,€he€was€also€charged€with€possession€of€marijuana.€ÏAccording€to€œSloanððs€unsworn€statement€to€the€trial€court,›€he€pled€guilty€in€CityÏCourt€to€simple€possession€of€marijuana€on€September€20,€œ1992.€€The€recordÏdoes€not€contain€a€City€Court€warrant€or€judgment.›Ìà àAfter€the€indictment€was€returned,€the€state€could€not€apprehend€œSloanÏsince€he›€was€incarcerated€in€Florida€at€the€time.€€In€August€1993,€Sloan€wasÏreleased€on€parole€in€Florida.€€He€was€thereafter€incarcerated€in€the€TennesseeÍDepartment€of€Correction€on€an€unrelated€charge.€€Sloan€was€arraigned€on€theÏpresent€charge€on€September€19,€1996.Ìà àSubsequently,€Sloan€filed€a€òòpro€seóó€motion€to€dismiss€the€indictment€ofÏApril€5,€œ1993.€€A›€copy€of€œthe€motion€is›€not€included€in€the€record.€€Counsel€wasÏappointed€on€Sloanððs€behalf.€€The€trial€court€held€a€hearing€on€December€3,Ïœ1996.Ì›à àAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion,€Sloan€stated€that€he€based€his€motion€onÏthe€grounds€of€double€jeopardy.€€The€state€began€to€make€its€argument€onÏdouble€jeopardy€when€the€trial€court€interjected:ÌÓÓà8 àTHE€COURT:€All€right€now,€stop.ÌÌà8 àà àMr.€Spracher,€do€you€wish€to€amend€his€motion€that€it€beÏdismissed€for€failure€to€have€a€speedy€trial?ÌÌà8 àMR.€SPRACHER:€We€could€do€that,€Your€Honor.ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€Do€you€do€that?ÌÌà8 àMR.€SPRACHER:€We€do€that,€Your€Honor.ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€All€right,€I€grant€that€motion.ÌÌà8 àMR.€BROWN:€Your€Honor,€could€I€just€state€for€the€record€that€hisÏspeedy€trial€doesnððt€come€up€until€heððs€served€with€a€warrant.€ÏHeððs€never€been€served€until€the€past€month€or€so.ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€Well€is€there€any€other€way€I€can€dismiss€it?ÌÌà8 àMR.€SPRACHER:€Yes,€sir,€mandatory€joinder.ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€Do€what?ÌÌà8 àMR.€BROWN:€No,€sir,€Your€Honor€„„ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€I€want€something€that€will€stand.€€Mr.€Brown,€this€manÍhas€been€in€jail€down€there.€€Heððs€here,€and€this€thing€has€beenÏpending€that€length€of€time,€and€if€he€can€go€back€to€Florida€andÏget€himself€straightened€out,€weððll€all€be€better€off.€€Now€how€can€IÏdo€it?ÌÌ.€.€.ÌÌÓÓà àThe€state€then€continued€its€argument€œin€opposition€to›€the€doubleÏjeopardy€grounds€when€the€court€interrupted€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àTHE€COURT:€Well€Iððm€going€to€dismiss€it.ÌÌà8 àMR.€BROWN:€Yes,€sir.€€For€that€reason,€Your€Honor,€or€for€theÏlength€of€time?ÌÌà8 àTHE€COURT:€Both€of€them.€€Do€you€see€what€Iððm€trying€to€do,€Mr.ÏBrown?ÌÌà8 àMR.€BROWN:€Yes,€sir.ÌÌÓÓà àNo€evidence€was€presented€at€the€hearing,€other€than€the€unswornÏstatements€of€Sloan€and€arguments€of€counsel.Ìà àOther€than€speedy€trial€grounds,€the€trial€court€never€articulated€on€whatÏother€basis€the€indictment€was€dismissed.€€The€written€order€dismissing€theÏindictment€provides€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àœThis›€cause€came€to€be€heard€.€.€.€upon€the€defendantððs€òòpro€seóóÏwritten€Motion€to€Dismiss€and€the€Public€Defenderððs€oral€Motion€toÏDismiss€for€lack€of€a€speedy€trial.€€It€being€shown€to€the€Court€thatÏthe€matter€should€be€dismissed€for€both€reasons€stated€by€theÏdefense€.€.€œ.›ÌÌÓÓà àWhile€it€is€clear€that€the€trial€court€dismissed€the€indictment€on€speedyÏtrial€grounds,€the€transcript€of€the€hearing€and€the€written€order€œare€unclear›€as€toÏœthe›€trial€œcourtððs›€œruling›€on€the€issues€of€double€jeopardy€and€mandatory€œjoinder.€ÏConsequently,›€we€will€œaddress›€all€three€issues.ÌÌà@ àò òòòDOUBLE€JEOPARDYó óóóÌÌà àThe€state€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissing€the€indictment€onÏthe€grounds€of€double€jeopardy.€€The€state€asserts€that€the€œmisdemeanorÏpossession›€of€marijuana€(a€Schedule€VI€controlled€substance)€and€the€œfelonyÏpossession›€with€the€intent€to€sell€and/or€deliver€a€Schedule€II€controlledÏsubstance€constitute€two€separate€and€distinct€offenses.€€Therefore,€the€stateÏcontends€that€no€double€jeopardy€violation€exists.Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Campbellóó,€549€S.W.2d€952€(Tenn.€1977),€the€Supreme€CourtÏheld€that€the€sale€of€two€separately€scheduled€controlled€substances€constitutesÏtwo€separate€and€distinct€offenses€which€would€permit€separate€œconvictions.€ÏSubsequently,›€the€court€extended€its€holding€in€òòCampbellóó€to€state€that€theÏpossession€with€the€intent€to€sell€two€or€more€controlled€substances€within€theÏsame€schedule€constitutes€separate€and€distinct€offenses.€€òòState€v.€Collieróó,€567ÏS.W.2d€165,€166€(Tenn.€œ1978).€€In›€both€cases,€the€Supreme€Court€consideredÏthe€legislative€history€of€the€Drug€Control€œAct›€and€concluded€that€the€legislatureÏintended€that€the€sale€of€each€substance€should€constitute€a€separate€œact.Ìà àMethamphetamine€is€classified€as€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance.€ÏTenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„408(d).€€Because€marijuana€is€a€Schedule€VIÏcontrolled€substance,€possession€of€marijuana€constitutes€a€separate€offenseÏdistinct€from€the€possession€of€methamphetamine€with€the€intent€to€sell€and/orÏdeliver.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„415(1).€€Accordingly,€a€prosecution€onÍthe€indictment€would€not€be€barred€on€the€grounds€of€double€jeopardy.ÌÌà@ àò òòòMANDATORY€JOINDERó óóóÌÌà àSloan€submits€that€the€trial€court€properly€dismissed€the€indictment€due€toÏthe€stateððs€failure€to€join€the€offenses€under€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€8(a).€€The€stateÏinstead€asserts€that€mandatory€joinder€was€not€a€basis€for€the€dismissal€of€theÏindictment.€€However,€even€if€mandatory€joinder€was€a€basis€for€dismissal€of€theÏindictment,€the€state€claims€that€this€was€error€because€Rule€8(a)€does€not€applyÏin€this€case.€€We€agree.ÌÓÓà àRule€8(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€provides€inÏpertinent€part:ÌÌ›à8 àTwo€or€more€offenses€shall€be€joined€in€the€same€indictment,Ïpresentment,€or€information,€with€each€offense€stated€in€a€separateÏcount,€or€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13€if€the€offenses€areÏbased€upon€the€same€conduct€or€arise€from€the€same€criminalÏepisode€and€if€such€offenses€are€known€to€the€appropriateÏprosecuting€official€at€the€time€of€the€return€of€the€indictment(s),Ïpresentment(s),€or€information(s)€and€if€they€are€within€theÏjurisdiction€of€a€single€court.ÌÌÓÓœDefendant€argues›€this€œrule›€œbars›€the€prosecution€of€the€offense€œinvolvingÏmethamphetamine›€because€this€offense€arose€out€of€the€same€conduct€as€theÏoffense€œinvolving€marijuana.›Ìà àThe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€govern€the€procedureÏconducted€in€ð ðall€courts€of€record€in€Tennessee,ðð€subject€to€some€enumeratedÏexceptions.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€1.€€However,€Sloan€œallegedly€pled›€guilty€toÏpossession€of€marijuana€in€City€Court,€which€is€not€a€ð ðcourt€of€record.ðð€€InÍaddition,€Rule€8€is€not€specifically€enumerated€under€Rule€1€as€being€applicableÏto€the€General€Sessions€Courts.œ× ƒ0 ××  ×›€€Furthermore,€this€court€has€previously€heldÏthat€Rule€8(a)€does€not€apply€to€criminal€proceedings€before€the€GeneralÏSessions€Courts.€€òòState€v.€Teresa€G.€Pickettóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9301„CC„00026Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€December€2,€1993,€at€Nashville);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€RoyÏœC.›€Curtisóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9002„CC„00047€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€OctoberÏ18,€1990,€at€œNashville).€€The€misdemeanor€marijuana€charge€could€be€disposedÏof€in€City€Court,€whereas€the€felony€methamphetamine€charge€could€not.€€òòSeeóóÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€5€and€5.1.›€€Therefore,€the€state€was€not€required€to€join€theseÏtwo€offenses€into€one€œprosecution.›ÌÌà@ àò òòòSPEEDY€TRIALó óóóÌÌà àThe€state€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€dismissing€the€indictment€forÏlack€of€a€speedy€trial.€€The€state€œcomplains€that›€Sloan€was€allowed€to€orallyÏamend€his€motion€to€include€speedy€trial€grounds.€€The€state€further€asserts€thatÏbecause€the€trial€court€did€not€allow€the€state€to€present€proof€as€to€the€reasonÏfor€the€delay,€the€court€was€ruling€that€the€three€and€a€half€year€delayÏð ðconstituted€a€speedy€trial€violation€as€a€matter€of€law.ððÌà àIn€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€developed€aÏbalancing€test€to€determine€when€a€defendant€has€been€denied€his€right€to€aÍspeedy€trial€under€the€Sixth€Amendment.€€407€U.S.€514,€92€S.Ct.€2182,€33ÏL.Ed.2d€101€(1972).€€In€òòBarkeróó€the€court€discussed€the€balancing€of€four€factors:Ï(1)€the€length€of€the€delay,€(2)€the€reason€for€the€delay,€(3)€whether€theÏdefendant€asserted€a€claim€to€his€right,€and€(4)€whether€defendant€wasÏprejudiced€by€the€delay.€€òòIdóó.€€Our€Supreme€Court€adopted€this€balancing€test€inÏòòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€81,€83„84€(Tenn.€1973).Ìà àThe€length€of€the€delay€is€the€ð ðtriggering€mechanism€that€will€necessitateÏthe€consideration€of€the€other€three€factors.ðð€€òòState€v.€Woodóó,€924€S.W.2d€342,Ï346€(Tenn.€1996).€€However,€the€length€of€the€delay€alone€will€not€support€aÏfinding€of€a€speedy€trial€violation.€€òòState€v.€Vanceóó,€888€S.W.2d€776,€778€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1994);€òòState€v.€Kolbóó,€755€S.W.2d€472,€474€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€ÏIt€is€necessary€to€balance€the€length€of€the€delay€along€with€the€other€threeÏòòBarkeróó€factors€in€order€to€determine€if€a€speedy€trial€violation€has€occurred.€ÏòòKolbóó,€755€S.W.2d€at€474.Ìà à€In€the€present€case,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€did€not€reflect€a€balancing€testÏof€the€four€òòBarkeróó€œfactors.€€Nor€was€the€ruling€based€upon€any€evidence€otherÏthan€the€time€between€the€indictment€and€the€subject€hearing.›€€Accordingly,€thisÏcase€is€remanded€for€a€hearing€so€that€the€trial€court€may€œallow€proof€and€make›Ïfindings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€concerning€the€alleged€speedy€trialÏviolation.ÌÌà@ àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóÌÌà àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€this€Court€respectfully€reverses€the€order€ofÏthe€trial€court€and€remands€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌœCONCUR:›ÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEó ó