ÿWPC ×' =2Èå2æº+q{ €œeD·ú¯-ØugÉ^׊>XÉse¼u")á0N˜d´ …¦îKe´¥†G _6©Ü£9“±É@H¼Ã7OötGÂmaÂÞ^Ô^ßh.›’YÔŠÄzÁ’?ÎÀ]{òH?M£þF`vÊc ǤuQ‡]Tfø~ÈDlÎ^ˆ¹èºm4D‚ûá}÷‘{m)ð‰ ö#Kbcö53å>É~ζ©©¬k Ýï¡Ì´á×íu‘‡ÚÏ!daÍ›»ÚG^q¸­Íhë"hÃï£sí²ÑO“°ÌÐ’Ÿ9 ªË–³þÓgŽÏ[ù¦ßðÒ2ÐI`™é 0[¾ï¸Y­Ì«ömHU¾]ijw‘æ` ò4)mvøqI>é[ùÿ¡Ù¦ ¶“Î' d Q˜9±Ÿ.¡eôª›‡ƒÚÝó—[ -þ´/Ü0ô×™*HÁN}üÇ3ó5¶ó;N×Ñì>lµòø·WÈ+çõ[ÂiN©ü}:ñ#Ù!Ç÷fØO"'{ÐÏÅÏc+Å’dT¦¨rI›{î§Éýd§f+úáÆêUQ~ú7° Ô®uœ ×.ù6“òëÌŽ8q;VAô õÚŸ*½âb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ U!N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz 0D‘ ÆÕ Æ› Æa Æ' íN U@,OE{O}U:Ìû 1uæv 1‡\ 72ã 0c+ŽŽ 1‡––––––ób 0ë B 0¤  D3Ä D-÷ 0K$$ ASoÆÂ 0¤ˆ 0D, A«p˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»)¬)L (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular¬sp'rtyBar8º¡ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ý ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔIt€is€the€practice€of€this€court€to€use€only€the€initials,€rather€than€the€name,€of€a€child€victim€to€protect€theÐ ° Ðvictim's€identity.(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  "Ý ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€medical€records€from€the€victim's€visits€to€the€clinic€were€admitted€through€the€testimony€of€JoyceÐ ° ÐSpringfield,€one€of€the€clinic's€nurses. EÝ ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔOn€direct€examination,€Mrs.€Stoots€referred€to€Mary€Flowers€as€a€physician,€but€on€cross„examination,€it€wasÐ ° Ðrevealed€that€Ms.€Flowers€is€not€a€physician€but€a€nurse€practitioner., øð AZ"Arial Regular ñÝ ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAt€a€later€point€in€her€testimony,€Mrs.€Stoots€stated€that€it€was€May€9,€1998,€that€she€found€blood€on€the€toilet.€3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) ÜÝ ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔDuring€James€Burrowsððs€testimony,€the€jury€was€told€that€Pamela€was€Burrowsððs€fiancee.€€(àCEKQW]cioAutoList1A;A;A;A;A;A;A;A;i) Ñ ° Ñ(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à 0ª½CEKQW]cioAutoList3A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A: éÝ ƒRšM$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)€defines€aggravated€sexual€battery€as€involving€unlawful€sexual€contact.€Ð ° Ðð ðSexual€contactðð€under€our€statutes€involves€intentional€touching€that€ð ðcan€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€theÐ n¾ Ðpurpose€of€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€(1997).- ù-(|G2šM$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E°»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô-Ôò»»Ô d(|3V‡$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E°»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3V‡$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E°»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E°»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼E°»»»ÔÑ8€#XXdæ»»d8ÑÑ€OYÑà@ttìàÔ‡î`KE°ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼E°»îî`K-#ԈРР ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àApril€2000€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ‡X#X»¼E°ÔÌò òÔ#†¼E°»XX#/#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JAMES€RAYMOND€SNIDERÔ‡X#X»¼E°Ôó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyÐ Ø ( Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„630€€€€€€Roy€B.€Morgan,€JudgeÐ ¾  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<o` AßÐ pÀ  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„01849„CCA„R3„CD€„€Decided€August€18,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ eµ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<0` AßÐ 1  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€was€found€guilty€of€rape€of€a€child€and€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€He€appealed,Ð &v  Ðarguing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€a€guilty€verdict€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ  \ Ðallowing€the€victimððs€mother€to€testify€to€hearsay€statements€made€by€the€victim,€in€prohibiting€theÐ òB Ðdefendant€from€questioning€the€victimððs€mother€about€sexual€abuse€in€her€childhood,€and€inÐ Ø( Ðsentencing€the€defendant€in€an€excessive€manner€on€the€rape€conviction.€€We€conclude€that€theseÐ ¾ Ðissues€are€without€merit€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð ¤ô ÐÓ½ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ pÀ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼E°»àX#Ÿ#ÔÔ‡X#X.¼E°ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòDavid€G.Ð <Œ ÐHayes,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð "r ÐÌSteve€Ô_ÔMcEwenÔ_Ô,€Mountain€City,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€George€Morton€Ô_ÔGoogeÔ_Ô,€District€PublicÐ î> ÐDefender;€and€Stephen€Ô_ÔSpracherÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Public€Defender€(at€trial€and€on€appeal)€for€the€appellant,Ð Ô$ ÐJames€Raymond€Snider.Ð º  ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Tara€B.€Hinkle,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð † Ö  ÐJames€G.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Jody€S.€Pickens,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ l!¼! ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð R"¢" ÐÓÞÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼E°»XX# #ÔÔ‡X#X»¼E°ÔÐ $n$ ÐÌÓ*°,XƒX× –X°œX*ÓÔ#†¼E°»XX#ß #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X#X»¼E°Ôà  àThe€defendant,€James€Raymond€Snider,€was€indicted€for€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€lessÐ ê%:!& Ðthan€thirteen€years€of€age€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„522.€€After€a€two„dayÐ Ð& "' Ðjury€trial,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€rape€of€a€child,€a€Class€A€felony,€and€aggravated€sexualÐ ¶'#( Ðbattery,€a€Class€B€felony.€€The€jury€assessed€a€fine€of€$50,000€for€the€rape€conviction€and€$25,000Ð œ(ì#) Ðfor€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€conviction.€€The€defendant€was€sentenced€to€twenty„two€yearsÐ ‚)Ò$* Ðincarceration€for€the€rape€and€eight€years€for€the€aggravated€sexual€battery,€to€be€served€concurrently.€Ð h*¸%+ ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€raises€the€following€four€issues:€€Ð 4,„'- ÐÐ -j(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡à8  àà8` Ð Ð àI.€à8× ` x` xàWhether€the€evidence€is€legally€sufficient€to€support€theÐ ° Ðguilty€verdict€against€the€defendant€for€rape€of€a€child€andÐ –æ Ðaggravated€sexual€assault;€Ð|Ì× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àII.€à8× ` x` xàWhether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€victim'sÐ H˜ Ðmother,€Martha€Stoots,€to€testify€as€to€statements€made€toÐ . ~ Ðher€by€the€alleged€victim,€R.S.;׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рd× ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIII.€à8× ` x` xàWhether€the€trial€court€erred€by€ruling€it€irrelevant€and,Ð à 0 Ðtherefore,€prohibiting€the€defendant€from€questioningÐ Æ   ÐMartha€Stoots€about€sexual€abuse€committed€against€her€inÐ ¬ ü  Ðher€childhood;€and€Ð’â × ×  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIV.€à8× ` x` xàWhether€the€sentence€imposed€for€the€rape€conviction€wasÐ ^®  Ðexcessive.€€ÐD” × ×  ÐÌAfter€careful€review€of€the€record€and€the€law,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð ` Ðà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àò òòò¹Ó  ÓFACTSóóÐ Ü, ÐÌÓÓà  àó óThe€victim,€R.S.,€was€taken€to€the€Care€South€Bemis€Clinic€by€her€mother,€Martha€Stoots.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р¨ø ÐMary€Ann€Bond,€a€family€nurse€practitioner€at€the€clinic,€testified€that€she€remembered€seeing€R.S.Ð ŽÞ Ðfor€the€first€time€on€May€11,€1998,€with€complaints€of€burning€upon€urination€and€drops€of€bloodÐ tÄ Ðon€tissue€paper€and€in€her€underwear.€€Bond€examined€R.S.'s€genital€area€and€did€not€notice€anyÐ Zª Ðvaginal€discharge€or€blood.€€When€she€attempted€to€do€a€urinalysis,€R.S.€began€to€cry,€and,€at€thatÐ @ Ðpoint,€her€mother€told€Bond€that€she€thought€her€daughter€had€been€the€victim€of€sexual€molestation.€Ð &v ÐWhen€Bond€conducted€an€external€examination€of€R.S.'s€genitals,€she€noticed€a€small€abrasionÐ  \ Ðaround€the€clitoral€area,€which€was€not€bleeding€at€the€time.€€The€child's€hymen€was€intact€and€thereÐ òB Ðwere€no€abrasions€around€the€hymen€or€the€vaginal€opening.€€From€what€she€found€during€theÐ Ø( Ðexamination,€Bond€testified€that€she€could€not€tell€what€caused€the€abrasion€in€the€clitoral€area.€€Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àUpon€cross„examination,€Bond€stated€that€the€initial€history€she€got€from€R.S.€and€her€motherÐ Š Ú Ðwas€that€R.S.€hurt€herself€on€a€tire€swing.€€The€references€to€sexual€molestation€did€not€come€up€untilÐ p!À  ÐBond€attempted€to€get€a€urinalysis€from€R.S.€€At€that€point,€R.S.€became€very€upset,€and€her€mother€Ð  V"¦! Ðthen€said€she€thought€her€daughter€had€been€molested€by€a€family€friend.€€Bond€testified€that€theÐ ° Ðabrasion€she€found€on€R.S.'s€clitoral€area€could€be€consistent€with€a€tire€swing€injury€or€sexualÐ –æ Ðmolestation,€as€this€type€of€abrasion€occurs€when€the€clitoral€area€is€stimulated€or€roughly€rubbed.€Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àThe€next€witness€called€by€the€State€was€the€victim's€mother,€Martha€Stoots.€€She€testifiedÐ H˜ Ðthat€R.S.€was€eight€years€old€at€the€time€of€trial.€€Mrs.€Stoots€stated€that€R.S.€is€the€oldest€of€her€threeÐ . ~ Ðchildren€and€that€she,€her€husband,€and€the€children€live€in€her€home.€€She€identified€the€defendantÐ  d Ðas€a€family€friend€whom€she€had€known€for€five€or€six€years.€€The€defendant€was€at€her€home€aÐ ú J Ðnumber€of€times€and€even€slept€there€on€occasion.€€In€May€1998,€the€defendant€had€his€computer€inÐ à 0 Ðthe€Stoots'€den.€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àMrs.€Stoots€remembered€that,€on€May€8,€1998,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€seven„year„old€R.S.€was€acting€"funny"€andÐ ’â  Ðkept€going€to€the€bathroom.€€Mrs.€Stoots€stood€by€the€bathroom€door€and€waited€for€R.S.€to€comeÐ xÈ  Ðout.€€When€she€entered€the€bathroom,€Mrs.€Stoots€saw€blood€on€the€commode€seat.€€She€took€R.S.Ð ^®  Ðinto€the€bedroom€and€asked€her€what€happened.€€After€speaking€with€her€daughter,€Mrs.€StootsÐ D”  Ðbecame€concerned€and€called€Mary€Flowers,€a€friend€and€her€husband's€nurse€practitioner.׃N×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€FlowersÐ *z  Ðcame€to€the€house€and€talked€to€and€examined€R.S.€€The€child€was€subsequently€taken€to€Care€SouthÐ ` ÐClinic.Ð öF ÐÌà  àMrs.€Stoots€remembered€that€she€saw€the€blood€over€a€weekend€and€took€R.S.€to€the€clinicÐ Â Ðthe€very€next€Monday.€€She€stated€that€she€has€noticed€changes€in€her€daughter€since€May€1998,€inÐ ¨ø Ðthat€the€child€has€nightmares€and€is€very€scared€and€withdrawn.€€At€the€time€of€trial,€the€child€wasÐ ŽÞ Ðin€counseling.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àOver€the€hearsay€objection€of€defense€counsel,€the€trial€court€allowed€Mrs.€Stoots€to€testifyÐ @ Ðon€redirect€as€to€what€R.S.€told€her€that€caused€her€to€suspect€that€the€defendant€had€molested€herÐ &v Ðdaughter.€€Mrs.€Stoots€testified€that€R.S.€told€her€that€the€defendant€ð ðcaught€her€going€out€the€denÐ  \ Ðdoor,€pulled€her€over€to€his€chair€and€put€his€hands€in€her€pants€.€.€.€and€hurt€her.ðð€€Her€daughter€saidÐ òB Ðthat€ð ðit€happened€that€day€while€[the€defendant]€was€there€on€his€computer.ðð€€Mrs.€Stoots€did€notÐ Ø( Ðquestion€the€defendant€about€this€but€reported€it€to€the€police.€€R.S.€referred€to€the€defendant€asÐ ¾ Ðð ðSuperman,ðð€which€was€his€CB€radio€ð ðhandle.ððÐ ¤ô ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€then€conducted€a€jury„out€hearing€to€determine€if€the€victim,€R.S.,€wasÐ p!À  Ðcompetent€to€testify.€€After€the€court€was€satisfied€that€she€was€competent€to€testify,€R.S.€wasÐ V"¦! Ðquestioned€by€the€State.€€R.S.€stated€that€she€was€eight€years€old€and€was€in€the€second€grade.€€SheÐ <#Œ" Ðidentified€the€defendant,€whom€she€calls€ð ðSuperman,ðð€€and€stated€that€he€was€a€friend€of€her€family.€Ð "$r# ÐThe€victim€remembered€that,€on€a€weekend€right€before€school€was€out€the€year€before,€she€told€herÐ %X $ Ðmother€that€ð ðSupermanðð€had€stuck€his€finger€in€her€ð ðprivates.ðð€€She€testified€that€she€was€in€the€denÐ î%>!% Ðat€her€house€when€the€incident€occurred.€€Her€mother,€father,€and€brother€were€at€home€at€the€time,Ð Ô&$"& Ðbut€only€the€defendant€was€in€the€room€with€her.€€R.S.€stated€that€she€was€standing€up€when€theÐ º' #' Ðdefendant€touched€her,€and€she€had€her€clothes€on.€€The€defendant€also€put€his€hands€inside€herÐ ° Ðclothes€and€put€his€finger€in€her€ð ðprivates.ðð€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€had€done€this€before€butÐ –æ Ðdid€not€know€when€that€occurred.€€Although€she€did€not€cry,€it€hurt€when€the€defendant€did€this€toÐ |Ì Ðher.€€She€stated€that€it€also€hurt€the€previous€time€the€defendant€put€his€finger€inside€her.€€The€victimÐ b² Ðdenied€that€the€defendant€touched€her€anywhere€else€on€her€body.€€She€remembered€talking€to€theÐ H˜ Ðdoctor€about€this€after€she€told€her€mother.Ð . ~ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€R.S.€testified€that€there€was€a€tire€swing€in€her€yard€but€denied€thatÐ ú J Ðshe€had€ever€hurt€or€scraped€herself€on€the€swing.€€R.S.€testified€that€she€was€not€roughhousing€withÐ à 0 Ðthe€defendant€when€he€hurt€her.€€Upon€further€questioning€by€defense€counsel,€R.S.€rememberedÐ Æ   Ðtelling€the€story€about€what€happened€that€day€many€times€and€admitted€that€she€really€did€notÐ ¬ ü  Ðremember€what€happened€in€the€den.€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àOn€redirect,€R.S.€stated€that€she€was€telling€the€truth€and€remembered€the€defendant€puttingÐ ^®  Ðhis€finger€in€her€while€in€the€den€that€day.€€She€then€testified€that€this€had€happened€on€five€differentÐ D”  Ðdays€around€the€same€time€period.€€She€denied€touching€the€defendant€in€any€way€and€stated€that€sheÐ *z  Ðwas€playing€with€him€but€not€wrestling.€€She€remembered€telling€her€mother€the€day€in€question€andÐ ` Ðremembered€telling€Lieutenant€Arnold€what€had€happened.Ð öF ÐÌà  àJohn€Arnold,€a€lieutenant€with€the€Madison€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€testified€that€onÐ Â ÐMay€12,€1998,€he€took€the€initial€complaint€from€Mrs.€Stoots€and€conducted€an€investigation,€whichÐ ¨ø Ðincluded€interviews€with€Mrs.€Stoots,€R.B.,€and€the€defendant.€€At€trial,€he€identified€the€defendantÐ ŽÞ Ðand€stated€that€he€learned€that€the€defendantððs€nickname€was€ð ðSuperman.ðð€€Arnold€interviewed€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€at€the€sheriffððs€department€on€the€day€of€the€complaint€as€well.€€The€officer€stated€that€theÐ Zª Ðdefendant€came€in€voluntarily€to€talk€with€the€authorities.€€Ð @ ÐÌà  àAfter€the€interview,€the€defendant€was€taken€into€custody.€€Lieutenant€Arnold€read€into€theÐ  \ Ðrecord€the€admonition€and€waiver€form€that€was€used€to€advise€the€defendant€of€his€constitutionalÐ òB Ðrights€prior€to€taking€a€statement€from€him.€€The€defendantððs€signature€appeared€on€the€form,€whichÐ Ø( Ðwas€witnessed€by€Lieutenant€Arnold€and€Sergeant€Anthony€Heavner,€and€it€was€noted€on€the€formÐ ¾ Ðthat€he€signed€it€on€May€12,€1998,€at€3:15€p.m.€€Once€he€signed€the€waiver,€the€defendant€gave€aÐ ¤ô Ðstatement€to€the€officers€in€the€presence€of€Ms.€Woodbury,€the€secretary€in€the€criminal€investigationÐ Š Ú Ðdivision.€€Before€signing€the€statement,€the€defendant€was€given€an€opportunity€to€review€theÐ p!À  Ðstatement€and€make€any€necessary€changes.Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€statement,€which€was€given€at€4:00€p.m.€on€May€12,€was€read€into€theÐ "$r# Ðrecord.€€In€the€statement,€the€defendant€admitted€putting€his€hand€inside€R.S.ððs€shorts€and€touchingÐ %X $ Ðher€vagina€on€the€previous€Friday€or€Saturday.€€He€did€not€remember€putting€his€finger€inside€herÐ î%>!% Ðvagina€but€stated€he€could€have€done€it€accidentally.€€He€also€admitted€touching€her€chest€and€puttingÐ Ô&$"& ÐR.S.ððs€hand€on€his€penis€outside€of€his€clothes.€€The€defendant€admitted€touching€R.S.€in€her€vaginalÐ º' #' Ðarea€on€another€occasion€about€two€weeks€prior€to€this€incident,€but€he€stated€that€he€did€not€thinkÐ  (ð#( Ðhe€touched€her€under€her€clothes.€€He€stated€that€he€may€have€kissed€her€on€the€forehead€whileÐ †)Ö$) Ðtouching€her.€€The€defendant€ended€his€statement€by€admitting€that€he€knew€what€he€was€doing€wasÐ l*¼%* Ðwrong€and€did€not€know€why€he€did€it.€€He€expressed€remorse€and€stated€that€he€felt€like€he€neededÐ R+¢&+ Ðhelp.€€The€defendant€was€arrested€that€day€and€charged€with€the€crimes€in€the€indictment.€€TheÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÑOYÑâ âѰ°Ñâ âÑ  Ñdefendant€did€not€make€any€corrections€to€his€typed€statement€and€adopted€it€with€his€signature.€€NoÐ ° Ðforce€or€coercion€was€placed€on€the€defendant€to€sign€the€statement,€and€he€always€had€the€optionÐ –æ Ðnot€to€sign€it.€€According€to€Lieutenant€Arnold,€the€wording€of€the€defendantððs€statement€was€notÐ |Ì Ðexactly,€word€for€word,€how€he€answered€the€questions€asked€but€reflected€€what€the€secretary€putÐ b² Ðdown€based€on€what€she€was€hearing€during€the€discussion.€€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àLieutenant€Arnold€denied€that€the€defendant€was€promised€a€certain€bond€amount€if€he€signedÐ  d Ðthe€statement.€€He€stated€that,€if€asked,€the€officers€would€tell€a€person€charged€with€a€crime€that€theÐ ú J Ðjudge€would€be€told€at€arraignment€that€the€defendant€had€cooperated€but€the€officers€had€noÐ à 0 Ðauthority€to€recommend€a€bond€amount.€€The€officer€denied€that€the€defendant€was€told€that€his€bondÐ Æ   Ðmight€be€$50,000„$100,000€without€that€recommendation,€that€he€would€sit€in€jail€for€up€to€twoÐ ¬ ü  Ðyears€if€he€could€not€make€bond,€or€that€he€could€get€a€reasonable€bond€if€he€signed€the€statementÐ ’â  Ðand€could€get€out€of€jail€to€prove€his€innocence.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àThe€last€witness€for€the€State€was€David€Lloyd€Stansell,€a€relative€of€the€victimððs€family.€€HeÐ D”  Ðstated€that€he€was€at€the€Stootsðð€home€on€Saturday€around€Motherððs€Day€in€1998.€€When€he€arrivedÐ *z  Ðat€the€home,€Stansell€saw€the€defendantððs€wrecker€pulled€over€to€the€left€side€of€the€lot.€€Stansell€hadÐ ` Ðknown€the€defendant€for€about€six€or€seven€months€through€visiting€the€Stootsðð€home.€€As€StansellÐ öF Ðwalked€through€the€front€door,€the€defendant€was€sitting€on€the€couch€facing€the€television.€€R.S.€wasÐ Ü, Ðalso€in€the€room.€Stansell€noticed€that€the€defendant€looked€ð ðlike€he€had€seen€a€ghost,€and€he€wasÐ Â Ðreal€nervous.€.€.€.ðð€€Stansell€asked€the€defendant€if€something€was€wrong,€and€he€replied€ð ðno.ðð€€HeÐ ¨ø Ðidentified€ð ðSupermanðð€as€the€defendant.€€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Stansell€admitted€giving€a€statement€to€the€prosecutor€in€which€heÐ Zª Ðstated€that€the€date€of€the€incident€was€Friday,€May€8,€and€not€Saturday,€May€9.€€Stansell€said€thatÐ @ Ðhe€knew€it€was€a€weekend€and€that€it€was€May€8,€whether€that€was€Friday€or€Saturday.€€The€StateÐ &v Ðrested€its€case.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€in€his€own€behalf.€€He€stated€that€he€drove€a€wrecker€for€HighwayÐ Ø( Ð70€Wrecker€Service€and€worked€8:00€a.m.€to€5:00€p.m.€Monday€through€Friday€and€was€on€call€atÐ ¾ Ðnight,€including€weekends.€€He€had€known€the€Stoots€family€for€as€long€as€he€could€remember,€andÐ ¤ô Ðthey€were€like€a€second€family€to€him.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€Stoots€children€were€like€hisÐ Š Ú Ðlittle€brothers€and€sister.€€He€would€wrestle€with€all€three€children,€let€them€jump€on€him,€and€tossÐ p!À  Ðthem€on€the€couch,€because€Mr.€Stootsðð€condition€would€not€allow€him€to€do€that€with€the€children.€Ð V"¦! ÐThe€children€also€played€this€way€with€James€Burrows,€who€spent€a€lot€of€time€at€the€house.€€WhenÐ <#Œ" Ðthe€defendant€played€with€the€children,€he€would€hold€them€under€their€arms€or€by€the€legs.€€HeÐ "$r# Ðdenied€ever€touching€any€of€the€children€in€a€sexual€area.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€stated€that€he€had€a€computer€in€the€Stootsðð€den,€and€the€children€wouldÐ Ô&$"& Ðroughhouse€with€him€there€as€well.€€On€Saturday,€May€9,€1998,€the€defendant€recalled€playingÐ º' #' Ðoutside€for€thirty„five€or€forty„five€minutes€on€a€little€golf€course€Mr.€Stoots€built€in€the€backyard.€Ð  (ð#( ÐMr.€and€Mrs.€Stoots€then€took€the€children€with€them€to€McKenzieððs€Market.€€When€the€StootsÐ †)Ö$) Ðreturned,€the€defendant€had€Mrs.€Stoots€take€pictures€of€him€and€talked€to€Mr.€Stoots€outside€beforeÐ l*¼%* Ðgoing€back€inside.€€Mrs.€Stoots€and€R.S.€were€in€the€back€bedroom,€and€the€defendant€told€Mrs.Ð R+¢&+ ÐStoots€he€was€leaving€to€run€errands.€€He€mailed€some€items,€ate€lunch,€handled€a€couple€of€wreckerÐ 8,ˆ', Ðcalls,€and€went€home.€€Around€5:00€or€5:30€p.m.,€the€defendant€loaded€his€bowling€ball€in€theÐ ° Ðwrecker€and€went€back€over€to€the€Stootsðð€house.€€He€estimated€his€arrival€time€at€5:15€or€5:30€p.m.Ð –æ ÐA€man€known€as€ð ðFishing€Dudeðð€and€his€mother,€Mary€Flowers,€were€there.€€Others€at€the€houseÐ |Ì Ðincluded€James€Burrows,€Pamela,׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€and€a€child€who€came€with€Mary€Flowers.€€The€defendant€stayedÐ b² Ðfor€dinner€and€estimated€that€he€left€the€Stootsðð€home€around€9:15€to€9:45€p.m.€to€answer€a€call€toÐ H˜ Ða€wreck€scene.€€He€did€not€remember€anything€different€about€the€Stootsðð€behavior€toward€himÐ . ~ Ðbetween€5:30€and€9:00€p.m.€€The€first€time€he€heard€about€the€allegations€was€when€he€was€arrestedÐ  d Ðon€Tuesday.€€€Ð ú J ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€described€how€he€was€summoned€to€the€main€office€at€work€on€Tuesday€andÐ Æ   Ðtold€by€Sergeant€Heavner€that€he€needed€to€go€downtown€with€him.€€Upon€arriving€at€the€sheriffððsÐ ¬ ü  Ðdepartment,€the€defendant€was€taken€to€Lieutenant€Arnoldððs€office€who€told€the€defendant€they€hadÐ ’â  Ðto€do€some€paperwork€before€he€could€tell€him€why€he€was€there.€€Arnold€read€the€defendant€hisÐ xÈ  Ðrights€and€had€him€sign€the€form€before€he€would€talk€to€him€about€the€allegations.€€The€defendantÐ ^®  Ðsigned€the€form€between€3:00€and€3:20€p.m.€€When€Arnold€told€the€defendant€that€he€had€beenÐ D”  Ðaccused€of€molesting€R.S.,€the€defendant€initially€denied€it.€€Ð *z  ÐÌà  àWhen€asked€by€defense€counsel€why€he€had€signed€a€confession€only€forty„five€minutes€later,Ð öF Ðthe€defendant€explained€that€he€was€scared€and€had€already€waived€his€right€to€an€attorney.€€WhenÐ Ü, Ðtold€that€the€Stoots€alleged€that€the€molestation€occurred€on€a€Friday,€the€defendant€told€the€officersÐ Â Ðthat€they€could€check€with€his€employer€to€see€that€he€was€not€at€work€that€day.€€According€to€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant,€Lieutenant€Arnold€left€the€room€at€that€point,€possibly€to€talk€to€the€Stoots,€and€SergeantÐ ŽÞ ÐHeavner€began€talking€to€him.€€Heavner€told€the€defendant€that€he€needed€to€help€himself,€becauseÐ tÄ Ðhe€could€sit€in€jail€for€a€year€or€two€before€trial€and€would€not€be€able€to€prove€his€innocence.€€TheÐ Zª Ðofficer€told€the€defendant€that€they€[the€officers]€were€trying€to€help€him€possibly€get€his€bond€setÐ @ Ðwhere€he€could€make€bond€and€prove€that€he€did€not€molest€R.S.Ð &v ÐÌà  àHe€stated€that€he€was€never€told€he€was€under€arrest€during€the€questioning,€but€he€assumedÐ òB Ðhe€was€when€the€officers€read€him€his€rights.€€He€testified€that€he€only€signed€the€confession€becauseÐ Ø( Ðhe€was€afraid€and€wanted€to€get€a€lower€bond€so€he€could€get€out€to€prove€his€innocence.€€TheÐ ¾ Ðdefendant€testified€that€he€knew€the€statement€was€not€true€when€he€signed€it.€€He€denied€doingÐ ¤ô Ðanything€sexual€with€the€Stoots€children.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  à€€€€On€cross„examination,€the€defendant€stated€that€Lieutenant€Arnold€read€him€his€rights,€andÐ V"¦! Ðhe€identified€his€signature€on€the€waiver€form.€€The€defendant€did€not€remember€being€told€that€heÐ <#Œ" Ðcould€have€an€attorney€but€admitted€that€the€form€stated€that€he€had€that€right.€€He€also€identified€hisÐ "$r# Ðsignature€at€the€end€of€his€€statement€given€to€the€officers.€€He€agreed€that€the€officers€gave€him€theÐ %X $ Ðstatement€to€review€and€that€he€made€no€changes€to€it.€€The€defendant€admitted€telling€the€sheriffððsÐ î%>!% Ðdepartment€the€details€of€the€incident€that€were€contained€in€his€statement€but€stated€at€trial€that€heÐ Ô&$"& Ðhad€lied€to€get€out€of€jail.€€At€the€time€he€signed€the€statement,€he€did€not€tell€the€officers€that€it€wasÐ º' #' Ða€lie€or€that€he€was€doing€so€just€to€get€out€of€jail.€€Ð  (ð#( ÐÐ †)Ö$) Ðà  àWhen€asked€by€the€prosecutor€to€explain€where€he€got€the€details€in€the€statement,€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€testified€that€Lieutenant€Arnold€had€questioned€him€about€the€specifics€that€R.S.€had€toldÐ –æ Ðthe€officer,€and€he€just€agreed€with€what€was€said.€€The€defendant€remembered€that€SergeantÐ |Ì ÐHeavner€recommended€a€bond€amount€that€the€judge€agreed€to.€€He€admitted€that,€in€the€year€sinceÐ b² Ðhis€release€from€jail,€he€never€went€back€to€see€the€officers€to€change€his€statement€or€to€tell€themÐ H˜ Ðthat€he€had€lied.€€The€defendant€testified€that€R.S.€had€lied€about€the€events€in€her€trial€testimony.€Ð . ~ ÐThe€defendant€stated€he€had€repeatedly€told€the€officers€that€he€did€not€molest€R.S.€but€decided€toÐ  d Ðsign€the€waiver€and€statement€anyway€after€being€advised€of€his€rights.€Ð ú J Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð à 0 Ðà  à€On€redirect€by€defense€counsel,€the€defendant€stated€that€Lieutenant€Arnold€had€ð ðan€attitudeððÐ Æ   Ðthat€frightened€him.€€According€to€the€defendant,€Sergeant€Heavner€did€not€seem€menacing€butÐ ¬ ü  Ðseemed€like€he€was€trying€to€help€the€defendant.€€When€his€attorney€took€him€through€the€variousÐ ’â  Ðparts€of€his€statement,€the€defendant€denied€volunteering€the€information€and€stated€that€he€wasÐ xÈ  Ðmerely€responding€to€Arnoldððs€specific€questions€based€on€details€given€by€R.S.€€When€asked€whyÐ ^®  Ðhe€told€the€officers€that€he€had€molested€R.S.€on€another€occasion€approximately€two€weeks€priorÐ D”  Ðto€the€May€9€incident,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€made€up€the€date€after€Arnold€told€him€of€theÐ *z  Ðallegations€of€a€second€incident.€€He€stated€that€he€felt€he€had€no€choice€but€to€sign€the€statement,Ð ` Ðbecause€he€thought€he€would€have€to€stay€in€jail€until€the€trial€if€he€did€not€sign.€€He€testified€that€heÐ öF Ðoffered€to€take€a€polygraph€test,€which€was€declined.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€he€never€askedÐ Ü, Ðhis€attorney€to€change€his€statement€but€pled€not€guilty.Ð Â ÐÌà  àThe€final€witness€for€the€defense€was€James€Burrows€who€had€known€the€Stoots€for€aboutÐ ŽÞ Ðfour€years.€€Burrows€remembered€being€at€the€Stootsðð€house€on€the€Saturday€before€Motherððs€Day,Ð tÄ ÐMay€9.€€He€arrived€in€the€afternoon€between€3:00€and€4:00€p.m..€€ð ðFishing€Dude,ðð€Mary€Flowers,Ð Zª ÐMr.€and€Mrs.€Stoots,€and€the€children€were€all€there.€€Prior€to€the€alleged€molestation,€Burrows€statedÐ @ Ðthat€he€had€a€good€relationship€with€the€Stoots€children€and€would€roughhouse€with€them.€€BurrowsÐ &v Ðremembered€seeing€the€children€around€the€defendant€that€day€and€did€not€notice€anything€unusualÐ  \ Ðin€their€actions.€€However,€he€did€remember€the€Stoots€telling€him€on€Saturday€that€they€hadÐ òB Ðsomething€to€tell€him€that€would€ð ðblow€[his]€mind.ðð€€When€the€defendant€came€back€to€the€houseÐ Ø( Ðafter€Burrows€arrived,€no€one€acted€differently€toward€him.€€Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àThe€State€called€Sergeant€Anthony€Heavner€as€a€rebuttal€witness.€€He€recalled€being€askedÐ Š Ú Ðby€Lieutenant€Arnold€to€sit€in€on€the€defendantððs€€interview€as€a€witness€in€May€1998.€€Heavner€wasÐ p!À  Ðpresent€when€the€defendantððs€rights€were€read€to€him€and€witnessed€the€execution€of€the€waiver€ofÐ V"¦! Ðrights.€€Heavner€testified€that€the€defendant€at€first€denied€committing€the€crime€but€then€admittedÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€he€did€it.€€The€officer€denied€that€any€promises€were€made€to€the€defendant€in€exchange€for€theÐ "$r# Ðstatement,€nor€was€the€defendant€told€he€could€get€out€of€jail€or€get€less€of€a€sentence€by€signing.€Ð %X $ ÐAccording€to€Heavner,€the€statement€was€voluntarily€given€by€the€defendant€and€was€given€to€himÐ î%>!% Ðto€review€before€he€signed€it.€€The€defendant€did€not€indicate€to€the€officers€that€he€wanted€to€makeÐ Ô&$"& Ðany€changes€to€the€statement€or€that€it€was€not€true;€nor€did€he€come€back€in€the€next€year€to€say€itÐ º' #' Ðwas€not€true.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àOn€surrebuttal€by€defense€counsel,€Heavner€remembered€that€the€defendant€stated,€ð ðI€couldÐ l*¼%* Ðhave€accidentally,€but€it€was€not€intentionalðð€in€response€to€a€question€asking€if€he€could€haveÐ R+¢&+ Ðaccidentally€put€his€finger€in€R.S.ððs€vagina.€€Heavner€also€denied€that€he€provided€information€aboutÐ 8,ˆ', Ðbond€amounts,€but€he€remembered€telling€the€defendant€that€the€court€would€be€advised€of€theÐ ° Ðdefendantððs€cooperation€when€bond€was€set.€€The€officer€testified€that€he€told€the€defendant€aboutÐ –æ Ðthe€factors€that€were€taken€into€account€by€the€court€in€setting€bond,€but€the€defendantððs€conclusionÐ |Ì Ðthat€he€would€get€a€lower€bond€by€signing€the€statement€was€the€defendantððs€own€conclusion.€€Ð b² ÐÌò òòòÓ  ÓANALYSISóóÐ . ~ ÐÓ@uÓÌÓ  ÓI.€€TESTIMONY€OF€MARTHA€STOOTSÐ ú J ÐÓ}uÓÌó óà  àThe€defendant€raises€two€issues€of€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€handling€of€Martha€StootsððÐ Æ   Ðtestimony.€€Because€this€testimony€is€potentially€part€of€the€evidence€we€will€look€at€in€assessing€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence,€we€will€discuss€these€two€issues€first.Ð ’â  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓA.€€R.S.ððs€Statementsó óÐ ^®  ÐÓ(wÓÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€Mrs.€Stootsððs€testimonyÐ *z  Ðrecounting€what€her€daughter,€R.S.,€told€her€about€being€fondled€by€the€defendant.€€In€questioningÐ ` ÐMrs.€Stoots€during€cross„examination,€the€defense€appears€to€have€inadvertently€elicited€testimonyÐ öF Ðthat€R.S.€accused€the€defendant€of€molesting€her.€€The€record€shows€that€the€defendant€wasÐ Ü, Ðattempting€to€ask€for€a€date€when€Mrs.€Stootsðð€suspicions€arose€when€he€received€the€answer€aboutÐ Â ÐR.S.ððs€statements.€€The€dialogue€between€the€defense€attorney€and€the€witness€follows:Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àQ.€à8` Ð Ð àSo€you€didnððt€notice€anything€until€Saturday.€€Thatððs€what€youððreÐ tÄ Ðsaying€now.ÐZª` x` x ÐÌà8  àA.€à8` Ð Ð àI€seen€the€blood€Saturday.Ð&v` x` x ÐÌà8  àQ.€à8` Ð Ð àAnd€when€did€you€start€to€suspect€that€it€was€James€Snider€that€hadÐ òB Ðdone€something€to€her?ÐØ(` x` x ÐÌà8  àA.€à8` Ð Ð àWhen€she€[R.S.]€told€me.Фô` x` x ÐÌÌà  àThe€defendant€did€not€voice€a€formal€hearsay€objection,€but€he€did€say,€ð ðI€didnððt€ask€that.€Ð V"¦! ÐI€asked€you€when€did€you€start€to€suspect.€.€.€.ðð€€At€this€point,€the€State€objected€that€the€question€wasÐ <#Œ" Ðasked€and€answered.€€The€judge€sustained€the€objection,€and€the€testimony€that€R.S.€made€aÐ "$r# Ðstatement€about€the€defendant€was€allowed€into€evidence.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àOn€redirect,€the€prosecutor€asked€the€following€questions:Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌØ! !ØÓ€ (à83Óà8  àQ.€à8` Ð Ð àMrs.€Stoots,€Mr.€Spracher€asked€you€why€your€suspicions€were€raisedÐ  (ð#( Ðon€Mr.€Snider,€and€you€said€it€was€because€of€what€she€told€you.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐWas€ð ðsheðð€being€[R.S.]?Ðl*¼%*` x` x ÐÌÓ€ #(ª½88Óà8  àA.à ` àYes.Ð8,ˆ',Ð Ð  Їà  àQ.à ` àWhatððd€she€tell€you?Ð ° ÐÌà  àAt€this€point,€the€defense€objected,€based€on€the€fact€that€the€witnessððs€answer€would€beÐ |Ì Ðinadmissible€hearsay.€€Because€the€defense€had€asked€Mrs.€Stoots€for€the€basis€of€her€suspicions€onÐ b² Ðcross„examination,€the€trial€judge€allowed€the€testimony€on€redirect.€€The€witness€then€testified:Ð H˜ ÐÌà8  àA.€à8` Ð Ð àShe€[R.S.]€told€me€that€James€Snider€caught€her€going€out€the€denÐ  d Ðdoor,€pulled€her€over€to€his€chair€and€put€his€hands€in€her€pants.Ðú J` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` à.€.€.€.à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÐ Æ   ÐÌà  àà ` àHe€pulled€her€over€to€his€chair€and€put€his€hands€in€her€pants€and€hurt€her.Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àIn€its€brief,€the€State€argues€that€the€defense€not€only€opened€the€door€to€this€testimony€onÐ ^®  Ðcross„examination€by€asking€the€witness€what€caused€her€to€suspect€the€defendant€but€also€contendsÐ D”  Ðthat€Mrs.€Stootsððs€testimony€was€admissible€as€an€exception€to€hearsay,€an€excited€utterance.€Ð *z  ÐÌà  àA€trial€courtððs€decision€to€admit€evidence€and€determine€the€scope€of€redirect€will€not€beÐ öF Ðoverturned€on€appeal€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€806€(Tenn.Ð Ü, Ð1994);€òòState€v.€Chearisóó,€995€S.W.2d€641,€645€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€After€carefully€reviewingÐ Â Ðthe€record,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€and€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÐ ¨ø Ðadmission€of€the€testimony€regarding€what€R.S.€told€her€mother€about€the€molestation.€€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àOn€redirect,€the€defendant€did€voice€an€objection€to€Mrs.€Stootsððs€testimony€regarding€theÐ Zª Ðcontent€of€R.S.ððs€statements€on€hearsay€grounds.€€Because€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendantÐ @ Ðhad€raised€this€issue€on€cross„examination,€the€State€was€allowed€to€further€explore€R.S.ððs€statementsÐ &v Ðto€her€mother€as€within€the€scope€of€redirect.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€purpose€of€redirect€examination€is€to€clarify€the€witnessððs€testimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòChearisóó,€995Ð Ø( ÐS.W.2d€at€645.€€Although€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€do€not€address€the€scope€of€redirect,€itÐ ¾ Ðis€well„settled€in€this€state€that€redirect€can€broach€topics€raised€on€cross„examination,€even€whenÐ ¤ô Ðthe€particular€matters€were€not€raised€during€direct€examination.€€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€966€S.W.2d€429,Ð Š Ú Ð433€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€Because€no€hearsay€objection€was€made€by€the€defense€on€cross„Ð p!À  Ðexamination€to€Mrs.€Stootsððs€testimony€referring€to€what€R.S.€told€her,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuseÐ V"¦! Ðits€discretion€in€allowing€the€State€to€explore€R.S.ððs€accusations€of€molestation€on€redirect.€€€€€€€€€€Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àEven€if€the€defense€had€not€ð ðopened€the€doorðð€to€this€testimony€on€cross„examination,€Mrs.Ð %X $ ÐStootsððs€statements€about€what€R.S.€told€her€would€have€been€admissible€for€other€reasons.€€TheÐ î%>!% Ðdefendant€correctly€points€out€that€the€ð ðfresh€complaintðð€doctrine€has€been€abandoned€in€TennesseeÐ Ô&$"& Ðin€cases€involving€child€sexual€abuse;€however,€this€type€of€statement€from€a€child€victim€isÐ º' #' Ðadmissible€as€substantive€evidence,€if€it€satisfies€some€hearsay€exception,€and€corroborativeÐ  (ð#( Ðevidence,€if€it€qualifies€under€the€prior€consistent€statement€rule.€€òòState€v.€Livingstonóó,€907€S.W.2dÐ †)Ö$) Ð392,€395€(Tenn.€1995).€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(2)€carves€out€an€exception€to€hearsay€forÐ l*¼%* Ðstatements€ð ðrelating€to€a€startling€event€or€condition€made€while€the€declarant€was€under€the€stressÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€excitement€caused€by€the€event€or€condition.ðð€€The€rationale€for€admitting€these€ð ðexcitedÐ 8,ˆ', Ðutterancesðð€is€that€reflection€and€fabrication€are€not€likely€when€a€declarant€spontaneously€makesÐ ° Ða€statement€in€response€to€an€exciting€event.€òòState€v.€Gordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€817,€819€(Tenn.€1997)Ð –æ Ð(quoting€Cohen,€Paine€&€Sheppeard,€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó€ðð€803(2).1€at€532€(3d€ed.€1995)).€Ð |Ì ÐAdditionally,€such€a€statement€is€usually€made€when€an€event€is€still€fresh€in€the€declarantððs€mind.€Ð b² ÐòòId.óó€€Mrs.€Stootsððs€daughter€said€that€the€abuse€had€occurred€earlier€that€same€day€when€she€saw€theÐ H˜ Ðblood€on€the€toilet€seat.Ð . ~ ÐÌà  àThere€are€three€requirements€for€hearsay€to€be€admissible€as€an€excited€utterance:€(1)€thereÐ ú J Ðmust€be€a€startling€event€or€condition;€(2)€the€statement€must€be€related€to€the€startling€event€orÐ à 0 Ðcondition;€and€(3)€the€statement€must€be€made€while€the€declarant€is€under€the€stress€or€excitementÐ Æ   Ðof€the€event€or€condition.€€òòGordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€at€820.€€Although€the€startling€event€is€usually€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðact€upon€which€the€legal€controversy€is€based,€such€as€an€assault,€a€subsequent€startling€event€thatÐ ’â  Ðis€related€to€the€prior€event€can€also€produce€an€excited€utterance€that€falls€within€the€exception.€Ð xÈ  ÐòòGordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€at€819.€€For€example,€a€beating€victimððs€statement€could€be€an€excited€utteranceÐ ^®  Ðrelated€to€the€startling€event€of€seeing€the€defendantððs€picture,€even€when€a€significant€amount€ofÐ D”  Ðtime€has€lapsed€between€the€beating€and€the€victimððs€seeing€the€picture.€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòUnited€States€v.Ð *z  ÐNapieróó,€518€F.2d€316€(9òòthóó€Cir.),€òòcert.óó€òòdeniedóó,€423€U.S.€895,€96€S.€Ct.€196,€46€L.€Ed.€2d€128€(1975),Ð ` Ðin€which€òòóóthe€victim€did€not€see€the€picture€until€after€hospitalization).€€A€suspect€returning€to€theÐ öF Ðscene€of€a€crime€can€also€be€a€startling€event€that€spawns€excited€utterances€from€a€victim.€òòId.óóÐ Ü, Ð(citations€omitted).€€A€child€rape€victimððs€painful€urination€after€going€home€and€taking€a€bath€hasÐ Â Ðalso€been€held€to€be€a€startling€event€that€spawned€an€excited€utterance.€€òòGordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€at€821.€Ð ¨ø Ѐ€€€€à  àÐ ŽÞ Ðà  àThe€second€requirement,€that€the€statement€relate€to€the€startling€event,€is€very€broadlyÐ tÄ Ðconstrued€by€our€courts,€because€the€statement€can€describe€all€or€part€of€the€event€or€the€impact€ofÐ Zª Ðthe€event€on€the€declarant.€€òòId.óóÐ @ ÐÌà  àThe€third€requirement,€that€the€declarant€be€under€the€stress€or€excitement€of€the€startlingÐ  \ Ðevent,€relates€to€the€reliability€of€the€statement€and€the€concern€that€the€statement€be€free€fromÐ òB Ðfabrication€or€reflection.€€òòóóThe€time€interval€between€the€startling€event€and€the€statement€is€only€oneÐ Ø( Ðconsideration€in€determining€whether€the€statement€was€made€under€stress€or€excitement.€€òòId.óó€€OtherÐ ¾ Ðfactors€considered€by€the€court€are€the€nature€and€seriousness€of€the€event€or€condition;€theÐ ¤ô Ðdeclarantððs€circumstances,€including€age€and€physical€or€mental€condition;€and€the€nature€of€theÐ Š Ú Ðstatement€itself€in€indicating€the€presence€or€absence€of€stress€or€excitement.€òò€Id.óó€€(quoting€òòTennesseeÐ p!À  ÐLaw€of€Evidenceóó€ðð€803(2).2,€at€534).€€Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€R.S.ððs€statements€to€her€mother€implicating€the€defendant€as€the€molesterÐ "$r# Ðqualify€as€an€excited€utterance.€€The€startling€event€in€this€case€arose€when€blood€appeared€on€theÐ %X $ Ðcommode€as€the€victim€was€attempting€to€urinate,€even€though€this€did€not€occur€immediately€afterÐ î%>!% Ðthe€molestation€but€did€occur€the€same€day.€€The€young€victimððs€statements€to€her€mother€were€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðresult€of€seeing€the€blood€on€the€toilet;€thus,€the€statements€made€to€her€mother€were€related€to€theÐ º' #' Ðstartling€event.€€The€record€is€not€well„developed€on€the€extent€of€R.S.ððs€stress€level€when€she€sawÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€blood,€but€her€mother€testified€that€she€was€acting€ð ðfunnyðð€when€she€was€going€in€and€out€of€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðbathroom,€and€Nurse€Bond€testified€that€R.S.€became€very€upset€when€she€tried€to€get€a€urine€sampleÐ l*¼%* Ðat€the€clinic€on€Monday.€€Considering€that€the€defendant€was€a€close€family€friend€and€the€young€ageÐ R+¢&+ Ðof€the€victim,€it€is€not€surprising€that€R.S.€would€not€have€acted€overly€excited€at€the€time€that€sheÐ 8,ˆ', Ðmade€the€statements€to€her€mother.€€As€our€supreme€court€has€recognized,€child€victims€commonlyÐ ° Ðare€reluctant€to€report€sexual€offenses€and€may€be€unaware€of€the€wrongful€nature€of€the€conduct€orÐ –æ Ðthat€it€is€not€normal€behavior€for€an€adult.€€òòLivingstonóó,€907€S.W.2d€at€395.€€However,€the€timeÐ |Ì Ðinterval€between€the€appearance€of€the€blood€on€the€toilet€and€the€victimððs€statements€in€the€bedroomÐ b² Ðwas€very€brief,€and€whatever€stress€she€experienced€from€seeing€the€blood€would€still€have€beenÐ H˜ Ðpresent€when€she€told€her€mother€what€the€defendant€had€done€to€her.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòGordonóó,€952€S.W.2dÐ . ~ Ðat€821€(child€rape€victim€still€under€stress€of€startling€event€when€made€statements€to€her€parents€inÐ  d Ðbedroom€a€few€minutes€after€painful€urination).€€Therefore,€R.S.ððs€statements€to€her€motherÐ ú J Ðidentifying€the€defendant€as€the€perpetrator€were€properly€admitted€into€evidence€by€the€trial€court.€Ð à 0 ÐÌò òÓ  ÓB.€€Mrs.€Stootsððs€Childhood€AbuseÐ ¬ ü  Ðó óÓ©ÓÌà  àThe€defendantððs€next€assignment€of€error€regarding€Mrs.€Stootsððs€testimony€is€that€the€trialÐ xÈ  Ðcourt€should€have€allowed€the€defendant€to€question€Mrs.€Stoots€concerning€sexual€abuse€sheÐ ^®  Ðexperienced€as€a€child.€€In€a€bench€conference,€defense€counsel€explained€to€the€judge€that€he€wasÐ D”  Ðtrying€to€show€that€Mrs.€Stoots€had€projected€her€own€childhood€fears€onto€her€daughter€and€thatÐ *z  ÐR.S.€was€just€responding€to€her€motherððs€fears.€€The€trial€judge€excluded€this€evidence€as€irrelevant.€Ð ` ÐFrom€our€review€of€the€record,€we€cannot€conclude€that€the€judge€abused€his€discretion€in€excludingÐ öF Ðthis€evidence.Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€401€defines€relevant€evidence€as€ð ðevidence€having€any€tendencyÐ ¨ø Ðto€make€the€existence€of€any€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€moreÐ ŽÞ Ðprobable€or€less€probable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.ðð€€While€a€motherððs€own€fear€mayÐ tÄ Ðbe€projected€onto€her€child,€the€defense€did€not€offer€an€expert€witness€to€connect€Mrs.€StootsððsÐ Zª Ðchildhood€experience€with€R.S.ððs€accusations,€which€would€be€required€to€make€such€aÐ @ Ðpsychological€connection.€€The€defendant€was€allowed€to€question€Mrs.€Stoots€about€discussions€sheÐ &v Ðhad€with€R.S.€about€the€molestation€and€what€she€had€told€her€about€abuse€prevention,€which€wereÐ  \ Ðrelevant.€€Absent€any€connection€between€Mrs.€Stootsððs€childhood€experiences€and€her€daughterððsÐ òB Ðaccusation€against€the€defendant,€this€evidence€has€no€bearing€on€the€issues€in€the€case€and€does€notÐ Ø( Ðmake€any€of€the€issues€more€or€less€probable€than€without€that€testimony.Ð ¾ Ѐ€Ð ¤ô Ðà  àEven€if€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€this€evidence,€any€error€was€harmless.€€ConsideringÐ Š Ú Ðthe€fact€that€the€defendant€admitted€molesting€the€victim€in€a€statement€to€police,€along€with€theÐ p!À  Ðtestimony€of€the€victim€and€her€mother€concerning€the€molestation,€any€testimony€about€Mrs.€StootsððÐ V"¦! Ðchildhood€abuse€would€not€likely€have€changed€the€juryððs€verdict.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð <#Œ" Ðà  àà ` à€€€€€€Ð "$r# Ðò òÓ  ÓII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÐ %X $ ÐÓ*³ÓÔ‡X#XXX#ÔÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€no€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€him€guilty€beyond€aÐ Ô&$"& Ðreasonable€doubt€based€on€the€evidence€produced€at€trial.€€He€specifically€points€to€the€uncertaintyÐ º' #' Ðof€R.S.ððs€testimony€as€to€what€happened€and€the€fact€that€R.S.€had€talked€to€her€mother€numerousÐ  (ð#( Ðtimes€about€the€incident.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€victim€was€ð ðbrainwashedðð€into€accusingÐ †)Ö$) Ðthe€defendant€of€sexual€abuse.€€He€also€points€to€the€inconsistencies€in€Mrs.€Stootsðð€behavior,€in€thatÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âshe€served€him€dinner€after€she€was€convinced€that€he€had€molested€her€daughter€and€did€not€takeÐ R+¢&+ Ðher€daughter€to€a€clinic€for€two€days€after€the€alleged€abuse.€€Upon€our€review€of€the€record,€weÐ ° Ðconclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€conviction.Ð –æ Ðâ  Ô#†X#XXX#~³#ÔÔ‡X#XXX#Ô€€Ð |Ì Ðà  àThe€jury€returned€a€guilty€verdict€against€the€defendant€for€one€count€of€rape€of€a€child€lessÐ b² Ðthan€thirteen€years€of€age€and€one€count€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ H˜ Ððð€39„13„522€(1997)€defines€rape€of€a€child€as€follows:Ð . ~ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€Rape€of€a€child€is€the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€byÐ ú J Ðthe€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim,€if€such€victim€is€less€thanÐ à 0 Ðthirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ÐÆ  ` x` x ÐÌà  àð ðSexual€penetrationðð€means€ð ðsexual€intercourse,€cunnilingus,€fellatio,€anal€intercourse,€or€anyÐ ’â  Ðother€intrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€part€of€a€personððs€body€or€of€any€object€into€the€genital€or€analÐ xÈ  Ðopenings€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€other€personððs€body,€but€emission€of€semen€is€notÐ ^®  Ðrequired.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(7)€(1997).Ð D”  ÐÌà  àAggravated€sexual€battery€is€defined€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„504€(1997)€as:Ð ` ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)€Aggravated€sexual€battery€is€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victimÐ Ü, Ðby€the€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim€accompanied€by€any€ofÐ Â Ðthe€following€circumstances:Шø` x` x Ðà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àÌà  àà ` à.€.€.€.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àà ` àà × à(4)€The€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.€Ð @ ÐÌÌà  àð ðSexual€contactðð€is€defined€in€ðð€39„13„501(6)€as€including€ð ðthe€intentional€touching€of€theÐ òB Ðvictimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€other€personððs€intimate€parts,€or€the€intentional€touching€of€theÐ Ø( Ðclothing€covering€the€immediate€area€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€other€personððs€intimateÐ ¾ Ðparts,€if€that€intentional€touching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€of€sexualÐ ¤ô Ðarousal€or€gratification.ððÐ Š Ú ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€with€a€presumption€of€innocence,€but€this€presumption€isÐ V"¦! Ðlost€following€a€jury€verdict.€€Thus,€on€appeal,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€to€prove€that€theÐ <#Œ" Ðevidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€We€must€affirm€theÐ "$r# Ðconviction,€unless€the€evidence€at€trial€was€so€deficient€that€no€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ %X $ Ðall€of€the€essential€elements€of€the€convicting€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð î%>!% Ð13(e);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).€€This€applies€to€€convictions€based€onÐ Ô&$"& Ðeither€direct€or€circumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€the€two.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2dÐ º' #' Ð776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.òòóó€òòóóapp.òòóó€òòóódeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ  (ð#( Ðevidence,€we€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€or€substitute€our€own€inferences€for€those€of€the€jury.€Ð †)Ö$) ÐòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€In€addition,€we€give€the€strongest€legitimateÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âview€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€to€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75Ð R+¢&+ Ð(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert.òòóó€òòóódeniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.€Ct.€1368€(1993).€€With€these€principles€in€mind,€weÐ ° Ðturn€to€the€evidence.Ð –æ Ðâ âÌà  àThe€issues€raised€by€the€defendant€concerning€inconsistent€testimony€are€issues€of€witnessÐ b² Ðcredibility€that€we€will€not€disturb€on€appeal.€€The€jury€simply€did€not€believe€the€defendantððsÐ H˜ Ðversion€of€the€events€and€credited€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses.€€In€addition,€there€was€otherÐ . ~ Ðsignificant€evidence€that€pointed€to€the€defendantððs€guilt.€€The€statement€that€the€defendant€gave€toÐ  d Ðpolice€and€signed€was€detailed€and€comported€with€what€R.S.€told€her€mother€and€testified€to€at€trial.€Ð ú J ÐIn€the€statement,€he€admitted€touching€R.S.ððs€vagina€and€putting€her€hand€on€his€genitals€on€oneÐ à 0 Ðoccasion€and€putting€his€hand€on€R.S.ððs€vagina€over€her€clothes€on€a€second€occasion.€€He€alsoÐ Æ   Ðadmitted€that€his€finger€may€accidentally€have€gone€in€her€vagina€when€he€put€his€hand€in€her€shorts.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐThe€jury€apparently€did€not€believe€the€defendantððs€explanation€that€he€signed€the€statementÐ ’â  Ðadmitting€to€child€sexual€abuse€to€get€out€of€jail€in€order€to€prove€his€innocence.€€Furthermore,€NurseÐ xÈ  ÐBond€testified€that€the€injury€to€R.S.ððs€genitals€was€consistent€with€the€type€of€contact€that€theÐ ^®  Ðdefendant€admitted€to€having€with€her.€€The€defendant€was€allowed€to€vigorously€cross„examine€allÐ D”  Ðof€the€Stateððs€witnesses,€and€he€gave€his€version€of€the€facts€in€his€testimony€at€trial.€€Giving€theÐ *z  ÐState€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€presented,€a€rational€juror€could€have€foundÐ ` Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€intentionally€touched€and€put€his€finger€inside€R.S.ððsÐ öF Ðvagina€(child€rape)€and€touched€her€vagina€two€weeks€earlier€over€her€clothing€(aggravated€sexualÐ Ü, Ðbattery).€€We€cannot€find€that€the€evidence€was€so€deficient€that€it€did€not€support€the€verdict.€€ThisÐ Â Ðissue€is€without€merit.€€€€€€€Ð ¨ø ÐÔ#†X#XXX#‘·#ÔÌò òÓ  ÓÐ  tÄ ÐIII.ó ó€€ò òSENTENCINGó óÐ ° ÐÓ3ÏÓà  àÌÔ‡X XXX#Ôà  àÔ#†X#X XX ŸÏ#ÔÔ‡X#XXX#ÔIn€reviewing€a€sentence,€we€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€ofÔ#†X#XXX#íÏ#ÔÔ‡X XXX#Ô€Ô#†X#X XX …Ð#ÔÔ‡X#XXX#Ôcorrectness€ofÐ |Ì Ðthe€trial€courtððs€findings.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€uponÐ b² Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ H˜ Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€AlthoughÐ . ~ Ðthe€basis€stated€for€the€trial€courtððs€findings€was€not€detailed,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtÐ  d Ðproperly€considered€the€appropriate€factors,€and€the€presumption€of€correctness€applies.€Ð ú J ÐFurthermore,€the€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€proving€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€€òòState€v.Ð à 0 ÐHunteróó,€926€S.W.2d€744,€748€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)Ô#†X#XXX#ÈÐ#Ô,€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996).Ô‡X#XXX#ÔÐ Æ   Ѐ€Ð ¬ ü  Ðà  àIn€conducting€our€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€sentences,€we€must€consider:€(1)€the€evidenceÐ ’â  Ðreceived€at€trial€and€at€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€sentencing€principles;Ð xÈ  Ð(4)€arguments€for€sentencing€alternatives;€(5)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÐ ^®  Ðinvolved;€(6)€any€mitigating€and€enhancing€factors;€(7)€the€defendantððs€statements€regardingÐ D”  Ðsentencing;€and€(8)€the€defendantððs€potential,€or€lack€thereof,€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.Ð *z  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210€(1997);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ` Ð1987).€Ð öF Ѐ€à  àÐ Ü, ÐÔ#†X#XXX#pÔ#Ôà  àFor€sentencing€purposes,€the€defendant€was€classified€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender.€€TheÐ Â ÐRange€I€sentence€for€child€rape,€a€Class€A€felony,€is€not€less€than€fifteen€nor€more€than€twenty„fiveÐ ¨ø Ðyears.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112€(a)(1)€(1997).€€The€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felonyÐ ŽÞ Ðis€in€the€midpoint€range,€which€is€then€adjusted€according€to€the€enhancing€or€mitigating€factors.€Ð tÄ Ððð€40„35„210(c)„(e)€(1998).€€On€May€7,€1998,€the€sentencing€act€was€amended€to€mandate€that€theÐ Zª Ðtrial€judge€set€the€sentence€at€or€above€the€midpoint€when€only€enhancement€factors€are€present.€€TheÐ @ Ðprevious€version€of€this€statute€made€increasing€the€sentence€discretionary.€€Since€the€rape€took€placeÐ &v Ðon€May€8€or€9,€the€rape€sentence€falls€under€the€new€amendment.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€Range€I€sentence€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€a€Class€B€felony,€is€not€less€than€eightÐ Ø( Ðnor€more€than€twelve€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(2)€(1997).€€A€Class€B€felony€has€aÐ ¾ Ðpresumptive€sentence€of€the€minimum€in€the€range€and€is€likewise€adjusted€for€enhancing€orÐ ¤ô Ðmitigating€factors.€ðð€40„35„210(c)„(e)€(1997).€€Since€the€count€involving€the€aggravated€sexualÐ Š Ú Ðbattery€occurred€before€May€7,€1998,€the€previous€version€of€the€sentencing€statute€applies,€whichÐ p!À  Ðallows€the€judge€to€use€his€or€her€discretion,€rather€than€making€it€mandatory,€to€increase€theÐ V"¦! Ðsentence€when€only€enhancing€factors€are€present.€€The€defendant€received€the€minimum€sentenceÐ <#Œ" Ðfor€aggravated€sexual€battery,€and,€for€obvious€reasons,€he€is€not€challenging€the€length€of€thisÐ "$r# Ðsentence.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àThe€presentence€report€presented€at€the€hearing€revealed€that€the€defendant€had€a€1986Ð Ô&$"& Ðconviction€for€theft€under€$500€and€a€1995€conviction€for€criminal€impersonation.€€He€had€a€twelfthÐ º' #' Ðgrade€education€and€was€employed€until€he€was€jailed.€€The€victimððs€impact€statement€was€alsoÐ  (ð#( Ðincluded.€€Mrs.€Stoots€testified€at€the€hearing€that€her€daughter€has€become€very€withdrawn,€scared,Ð †)Ö$) Ðdepressed,€and€anxious€since€the€incident.€€She€also€has€trouble€sleeping.€€Mrs.€Stoots€furtherÐ l*¼%* Ðtestified€that€the€family€is€heartbroken,€and€her€husband,€who€is€disabled,€has€panic€attacks€and€staysÐ R+¢&+ Ðclosed€up€in€the€house.€€Mrs.€Stoots€stated€that€she€has€become€very€emotional.€€She€could€notÐ 8,ˆ', Ðrecommend€any€possible€punishment€for€the€defendant€that€would€make€her€feel€better.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ° Ѐ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð –æ Ðà  àThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€twenty„two€years€and€a€fine€of€$50,000€for€the€rapeÐ |Ì Ðof€a€child€and€eight€years€and€a€fine€of€$25,000€for€the€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€In€sentencing€theÐ b² Ðdefendant€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€at€100%,€the€court€applied€enhancing€factor€(1),€that€"[t]heÐ H˜ Ðdefendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÐ . ~ Ðnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,"€and€enhancing€factor€(7),€that€"[t]he€offense€involvedÐ  d Ða€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement,"€to€the€rapeÐ ú J Ðsentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(7)€(1997).€€The€court€found€that€neither€mitigatingÐ à 0 Ðfactor€(1),€that€"[t]he€defendant's€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodilyÐ Æ   Ðinjury,"€nor€an€unspecified€mitigating€factor,€that€the€defendant€cooperated€with€police€by€giving€aÐ ¬ ü  Ðstatement,€applied.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€(1997).€€The€factor€concerning€cooperationÐ ’â  Ðwith€the€police€falls€under€the€catch„all€factor€(13),€under€which€the€court€can€consider€any€otherÐ xÈ  Ðfactor€consistent€with€the€purposes€of€the€sentencing€act.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103;€„114(13)Ð ^®  Ð(1997).€€€€Ð D”  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓA.€€Enhancing€Factor€(1)ó óÐ ` ÐÓ@éÓÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€given€little€weight€to€enhancing€factorÐ Ü, Ð(1)€regarding€the€defendantððs€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior,€since€the€offenses€involved€wereÐ Â Ðminor€misdemeanors.€€The€trial€court€only€enhanced€the€sentence€two€years€above€the€presumptiveÐ ¨ø Ðmidpoint€of€twenty€years€on€the€child€rape€conviction€using€the€two€enhancing€factors€it€found.€Ð ŽÞ ÐConsidering€that€the€court€did€not€enhance€the€aggravated€sexual€battery€sentence,€even€though€Ð tÄ Ðfactor€(1)€applied,€it€appears€that€the€trial€court€gave€little€weight€to€the€defendantððs€previous€historyÐ Zª Ðof€misdemeanors€on€either€charge.€€The€court€could€have€properly€given€greater€weight€to€theÐ @ Ðdefendantððs€misdemeanor€convictions,€as€this€court€has€previously€allowed€relatively€minor€andÐ &v Ðunrelated€criminal€acts,€such€as€driving„related€offenses,€to€be€considered€in€enhancing€a€sentence.€Ð  \ ÐòòState€v.€Waldeóó,€No.€03C01„9603„CC„00109,€1997€WL€789964,€at€*10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,Ð òB ÐDec.€23,€1997),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€concurring€in€results€only€(Tenn.€1999)€(citations€omitted).€€InÐ Ø( Ðany€event,€it€is€proper€for€the€trial€court€to€enhance€a€sentence€for€prior€misdemeanor€convictions,Ð ¾ Ðand€we€see€nothing€in€the€record€that€would€cause€us€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€thisÐ ¤ô Ðfactor.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€54€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,Ð Š Ú Ð(Tenn.€1995).€€Ð p!À  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓB.€€Enhancing€Factor€(7)ó óÐ <#Œ" ÐÓxðÓÌà  àThe€defendant€further€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancement€factor€(7),€thatÐ %X $ Ðthe€offense€was€committed€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€This€factor€is€not€applicable€to€the€aggravatedÐ î%>!% Ðsexual€battery€conviction,€since€it€is€already€contained€in€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense.׃)×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòStateÐ Ô&$"& Ðv.€Kissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€482,€489€(Tenn.€1996).€€On€the€other€hand,€rape€involves€sexualÐ º' #' Ðpenetration,€which€has€no€motive€component€under€our€statutes.€€Therefore,€enhancement€factor€(7)Ð ° Ðcan€be€applied€to€the€rape€conviction€if€there€is€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€its€application.€€OurÐ –æ Ðreview€of€the€record€shows€that€there€is.€€The€defendantððs€own€statement€to€police€indicated€that€heÐ |Ì Ðtouched€the€childððs€chest,€kissed€her,€and€put€her€hand€on€his€penis€while€touching€her€vagina.€€TheseÐ b² Ðare€clearly€actions€showing€arousal€or€pleasure„seeking.€€The€trial€court€correctly€applied€factor€(7)Ð H˜ Ðto€the€rape€conviction.€€€€€€Ð . ~ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓC.€€Mitigating€Factor€(1)ó óÐ ú J ÐÓ¥õÓÌà  àThe€defendant€alleges€error€by€the€trial€court€in€refusing€to€apply€mitigating€factor€(1),€thatÐ Æ   Ðthe€criminal€conduct€did€not€cause€or€threaten€serious€bodily€injury.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtÐ ¬ ü  Ðthat€this€mitigating€factor€was€inapplicable.€€The€victim€testified€at€trial€that€the€defendant€hurt€herÐ ’â  Ðwhen€he€inserted€his€finger€in€her€vagina,€and€the€childððs€mother€testified€that€the€victim€has€becomeÐ xÈ  Ðscared,€depressed,€and€anxious€since€she€was€molested€by€the€defendant.€€The€child€was€still€inÐ ^®  Ðcounseling€at€the€time€of€trial.€There€was€blood€from€the€victim€on€the€toilet€seat,€although€it€wasÐ D”  Ðnot€clearly€connected€to€either€the€victimððs€bladder€infection€or€the€molestation,€and€there€was€aÐ *z  Ðsmall€laceration€in€the€victimððs€vaginal€area€that€was€consistent€with€digital€penetration.€€Our€courtsÐ ` Ðhave€previously€recognized€that€the€rape€of€a€child€is€always€physically€and€mentally€injurious€to€theÐ öF Ðvictim,€and€injuries€somewhat€similar€to€these€have€been€held€to€be€serious€bodily€injury€in€childÐ Ü, Ðsexual€abuse€cases€for€the€purposes€of€the€statute.€€òòSeeóó€òòKissingeróó,€922€S.W.2d€at€487;€òòState€v.Ð Â ÐEdward€Earl€Huddlestonóó,€No.€02C01„9706„CC„00228,€1998€WL€67684,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð ¨ø ÐJackson,€Feb.€20,€1998),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€James€Disonóó,€No.€03C01„9602„Ð ŽÞ Ð00051,€1997€WL€36844,€at€*18€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€31,€1997),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,Ð tÄ Ð(Tenn.€1997).€€As€to€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€difference€in€size€between€the€defendant€andÐ Zª Ðthe€victim€threatened€bodily€harm,€we€have€not€found€any€case€law€supporting€such€a€finding€andÐ @ Ðdecline€to€so€hold€in€this€case.€€€€€Ð &v ÐÌà  àWe€also€note€that€this€court€has€actually€enhanced€sentences€for€rape€and€aggravated€rape€ofÐ òB Ða€child€for€psychological€injuries€pursuant€to€enhancement€factor€(6),€which€allows€enhancementÐ Ø( Ðwhen€the€injury€to€the€victim€€is€particularly€great.€€òòState€v.€Hunteróó,€926€S.W.2d€744,€749€(Tenn.Ð ¾ ÐCrim.€App.€1995),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€òòHunteróó,€the€defendantððs€sentence€wasÐ ¤ô Ðenhanced€using€factor€(6)€òòóófor€€penetrating€his€eight„year„old€daughterððs€vagina€with€his€finger,€whenÐ Š Ú Ðthere€was€evidence€presented€at€trial€that€the€child€was€depressed€and€suffered€from€post„traumaticÐ p!À  Ðstress€disorder.€€òòId.óó€€Considering€the€testimony€of€Mrs.€Stoots€as€to€the€changes€in€R.S.ððs€behaviorÐ V"¦! Ðand€her€need€for€counseling€after€the€molestation,€the€trial€court€could€have€enhanced€the€sentencesÐ <#Œ" Ðusing€factor€(6)€as€well€as€the€other€factors€it€used,€which€would€have€effectively€cancelled€out€anyÐ "$r# Ðeffects€of€mitigating€factor€(1).Ð %X $ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓD.€€Mitigating€Factor€(13)ó óÐ Ô&$"& ÐÓÓÌà  àThe€defendantððs€final€argument€that€his€sentence€should€have€been€mitigated€because€heÐ  (ð#( Ðcooperated€with€authorities€is€likewise€without€merit.€€The€trial€court€was€bothered€by€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðdefendantððs€testimony€that€the€statement€he€gave€police€admitting€to€the€molestation€was€notÐ l*¼%* Ðaccurate.€€The€court€noted:€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÐ 8,ˆ', Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI€donððt€believe€in€all€fairness€today€that€that€should€be€considered€asÐ ° Ða€mitigating€factor.€€Otherwise,€the€Court€would€be€finding€that€youÐ –æ Ðcan€tell€the€police€what€you€want€to€one€day€and€change€it€the€nextÐ |Ì Ðand€yet€take€credit€for€it€when€it€comes€to€sentencing€purposes,€andÐ b² Ðthat€just€does€not€seem,€the€Court€finds,€to€be€sound€logic.ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌWe€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€reasoning€and€find€that€it€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€refusing€toÐ  d Ðapply€this€factor€to€mitigate€the€sentences.€€Having€found€that€the€trial€court€correctly€applied€twoÐ ú J Ðenhancing€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors€to€the€child€rape€sentence,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÐ à 0 Ðtwenty„two„year€sentence€for€this€offense.€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð Æ   ÐÌò òà@FF%ìàCONCLUSIONˆÐ ’â  Ðó óÌà  àBased€upon€our€review,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð ^®  ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ü, Ðà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE