ÿWPCF! …# V %a 0gUB‚ 4Ä Ø n­ç ” w@œ 0JÜ 0_& 0D… 0TÉ 0^ { U:{ 0hµ 0r 0| 0†  0‘ 1u!U,– 0d B&U,CU*oU.™B)Ç D3ðDC# AMf 0@³¡óf”úv~vÓ— AOjƹ 07 0D¶ D/ú B)!˜IBM Laser Printer 4019IBM4019ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 X(óÔ”$¡¡Ò4°ÒÒh°ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ7€^"XXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpio„p3|x“«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@ ‰Š‹DŒDEŽDDU‘’2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô((3¾$¤¤Ý ƒÔ”!ÝÒ4°ÒÒh°ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ7€s¤XXdÈdæ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýà ä àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Courier% Line 7 d""""'ÿÿdxd))))7Border 1dd€-+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò —Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌAprilÏ26,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔÓÓ€€For€crimes€committed€after€July€1,€1994,€the€defense€under€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506(b)€hasÏbeen€removed€from€the€statutory€rape€statute€and€is€no€longer€available.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506€(1994ÏSupp›.).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3ùù$¢¢Ý ƒÔ”!ÝÒ4°ÒÒh°ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ7€s¤XXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÓÓÑ  ÑÑ#€((Xd#ÑÑ#€((Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›ßL€,.+;+'h|` ´- `€€Lßà8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€MARCH€SESSION,€1995ÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9411„CC„00374Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àœCheatham›€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Robert€E.ÏBurch,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà à)ÌTERRY€TAYLOR,€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à)à à(Statutory€Rape)Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àòòà àFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌPeter€M.€Olson€€€€à àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ114€Franklin€Street€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àAttorney€GeneralÏof€TennesseeÌœClarksville›,€TN€€37040€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àandÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àSharon€S.€œSelby›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneral€of€TennesseeÌà àà àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TNÏ37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àDan€œMitchum›€œAlsobrooks›€Ìà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€Generalà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àWally€œKirby›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€General€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà à105€Sycamore€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àAshland€City,€TN€€37015à àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_______________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌ€€€€€€ÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÓÓòòò òà àà àà àà àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óà àÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Terry€Taylor,€appeals€from€his€conviction€in€theÏœCheatham›€County€Circuit€Court,€following€a€bench€trial,€for€statutory€rape,€a€Class€EÏfelony.€€He€received€a€sentence€of€one€year€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€beÏserved€in€the€œCheatham›€County€Workhouse.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right€he€presents€theÏfollowing€issues:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€whether€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506€should€be€heldÏunconstitutional€because€its€definition€of€promiscuity€is€voidÏdue€to€vagueness,€ÌÌà8 à(2)€whether€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506€should€be€heldÏunconstitutional€because€it€violates€due€processÏguaranties€concerning€the€presumption€of€œinnocence€and›Ïthe€burden€of€persuasion,€and€€ÌÌà8 à(3)€€whether€there€is€sufficient€proof€to€support€a€convictionÏfor€statutory€rape.€€€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓÌà àThe€stateððs€proof€in€this€case€consists€primarily€of€the€testimony€of€theÏvictim,€œT.L.B.›,€her€brother€and€the€investigating€officer.€€T.L.B.€testified€that€she€wasÏsixteen€years€old€on€July€16,€1993,€when€the€defendant€approached€her€at€a€localÏmarket€where€she€had€walked€to€buy€a€Coke.€€She€stated€that€she€had€known€theÏdefendant€all€of€her€life€and€that€she€agreed€to€go€riding€around€with€him.€€She€saidÏthat€they€rode€around,€stopped€at€his€motherððs€house€for€a€few€minutes€and€then€rodeÏto€a€creek€where€he€raped€her.€€She€recounted€that€while€they€were€riding€around€theÏdefendant€told€her€that€he€had€a€gun€in€his€car€but€that€he€did€not€show€it€to€her.€€SheÏstated€that€when€they€arrived€at€the€creek€they€talked€for€awhile€and€then€theÏdefendant€began€to€kiss€her.€€She€said€that€he€pulled€her€pants€down€and€that€theyÏhad€œsexual€intercourse.›€€She€stated€that€she€did€not€resist€because€she€did€not€knowÏwhether€the€defendant€had€a€gun.€€She€testified€that€after€they€both€got€dressed,€theÏdefendant€took€her€back€to€the€market€and€told€her€not€to€tell€anyone.€€She€testifiedÍthat€the€events€occurred€at€night€and€that€the€defendant€picked€her€up€around€9:00Ïp.m.€and€dropped€her€off€around€9:45€p.m.€€ÌÌà àT.L.B.€testified€that€she€walked€home,€found€her€brother,€Lee,€and€toldÏhim€that€the€defendant€had€raped€her.€€She€said€that€her€brother€went€to€look€for€theÏdefendant€and€eventually€found€him€at€his€trailer.€€She€said€that€she€also€told€herÏmother€about€the€rape€and€her€mother€took€her€to€the€hospital€for€an€examination€theÏnext€day.€€The€victim€admitted€that€she€œhad€sexual€intercourse›€twice€before€July€1993.€ÏShe€stated€that€she€œhad€sexual€intercourse›€once€with€John€Hopkins€about€three€yearsÏago€and€that€she€œhad€sexual€intercourse›€with€Chris€Allen€once€sometime€before€theÏrape.€€She€admitted€that€she€consented€to€œsexual€intercourse›€with€the€defendantÏbecause€of€the€gun€and€that€she€was€scared.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€victim€identified€a€letter€she€had€written€to€theÏdefendant€about€a€week€before€trial.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€had€kissed€theÏdefendant€in€the€week€preceding€the€trial.€€She€said€that€she€had€œsexual€intercourse›Ïwith€John€Hopkins€when€she€was€fourteen€years€old€and€that€it€was€her€first€sexualÏexperience.€€She€also€stated€that€she€had€œsexual€intercourse›€with€Chris€Allen€whenÏshe€was€sixteen.€€She€denied€having€sex€with€Kevin€Wright,€Neal€Worthington,€J.J.ÏSantulli,€Quincy€Snipes,€Ricky€Collins,€Chad€Harrison€and€Kevin€Payne€and€statedÏthat€if€they€were€to€testify€that€she€had€œsexual€intercourse›€with€them€that€it€would€be€aÍlie.€€She€denied€ever€sleeping€in€the€same€bed€with€her€brother.€€She€denied€tellingÏher€sister,€Lanell€Kennedy,€and€Donny€Hensley€that€she€had€œsexual€intercourse›€with€aÏtwenty„nine„year„old€man€sometime€before€July€1993.€€She€admitted€that,€in€the€letterÏto€the€defendant,€she€wrote€that€Donny€Hensley€better€not€tell€anyone€about€her€andÏthe€defendant€unless€he€wanted€his€wife€to€find€out€that€he€was€trying€ð ðto€messÏaroundðð€with€her€also.€€On€redirect€examination,€the€victim€recalled€testifying€at€theÏpreliminary€hearing€that€she€had€admitted€to€having€œsexual€intercourse›€twice€beforeÏJuly€1993.€€She€said€that€those€two€times€were€with€John€Hopkins€and€Chris€Allen.€€€€€€€ÌÌà àOfficer€Michael€A.€Phillips€of€the€Fairview€Police€Department€testified€that€Ïhe€responded€to€a€call€about€a€fight€at€a€restaurant€near€the€victimððs€home€on€July€17,Ï1993.€€The€defendant€had€called€the€police€and,€upon€his€arrival,€Officer€PhillipsÏlearned€that€there€had€not€been€a€fight€but€that€there€had€been€some€accusationsÏbetween€the€defendant€and€Lee€Bateman,€the€victimððs€brother.€€Officer€PhillipsÏtestified€that€this€was€the€first€time€he€heard€of€the€alleged€rape.€€He€stated€that€theÏdefendant€told€him€that€several€people€were€trying€to€gang€up€on€him€and€accusingÏhim€of€raping€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€he€then€talked€to€the€victim€who€told€him€whatÏhad€happened.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€never€said€what€happened€between€himÏand€the€victim€and€only€discussed€the€allegations€that€were€made€against€him.€€OfficerÏPhillips€testified€that€he€issued€a€warrant€for€the€defendantððs€arrest€for€rape€basedÏupon€the€victimððs€statement.ÌÌà àLee€Bateman€testified€that€he€was€at€Chad€Harrisonððs€house€on€July€16,Ï1993,€when€the€victim€arrived€crying€and€told€him€that€the€defendant€had€raped€her.€ÏHe€stated€that€the€victim€did€not€tell€him€about€the€gun€until€about€a€week€after€theÏrape.€€He€stated€that€he€and€Chris€Allen€went€looking€for€the€defendant.€€He€stated€thatÏhe€found€the€defendant€on€the€16th€but€that€no€confrontation€occurred.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€was€living€at€home€at€the€time€and€that€he€and€the€victim€shared€a€room€withÏtwo€beds.€€On€cross„examination,€he€stated€that€his€family€lived€with€his€aunt,€LouiseÏRose,€at€one€time€and€that€he€and€the€victim€slept€on€the€floor€œon›€separate€palletsÏwhile€staying€there.€€He€said€that€he€had€no€personal€knowledge€of€the€number€ofÏsexual€partners€the€victim€has€had.€€ÌÌà àSeveral€witnesses€testified€for€the€defendant€regarding€the€victimððsÏsexual€activity.€€John€Hopkins€testified€that€he€and€the€victim€had€œsexual€intercourse›Ïonce€at€a€party€about€two€and€one„half€years€ago€and€that€he€is€now€nineteen€yearsÏold.€€Kevin€Wright€testified€that€he€and€the€victim€had€œsexual€intercourse›€once€in€herÏyard€before€July€1993€and€that€he€is€about€three€years€older€than€the€victim.€€OnÏcross„examination,€he€stated€that€he€and€the€victim€were€not€really€dating€and€that€heÏhad€not€told€anyone€about€them€having€œsexual€intercourse›€until€testifying€at€the€trial.€ÏChris€Allen€testified€that€he€and€the€victim€had€œsexual€intercourse›€once€at€his€houseÏbefore€July€1993€and€that€he€did€not€know€of€anyone€else€that€she€has€had€œsexualÍintercourse›€with.€€He€stated€that€Amanda€Rosenbaum€made€a€list€of€several€boys€withÏœwhom›€the€victim€was€friends€but€that€the€list€was€not€of€boys€with€whom€the€victim€œhadÏhad€sexual€intercourse.€€Chris€Allen€said€that€he€was€sixteen€years€old.€€He€also€saidÏthat€he€and€the€victim€had€been€together€a€long€time€before€having€sexual€intercourseÏand€that€it€was€his€first€and€only€time.€€Chad€Harrison€testified€that€he€is€seventeenÏyears€old.€€He€denied€having€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim.€€€€€ÌÌà àAmanda€Rosenbaum€testified€that€Chris€Allen,€Neal€Worthington€andÏPhillip€Taylor€were€at€her€house€and€made€a€list€of€boysðð€names.€€She€identified€theÏlist€and€stated€that€Phillip€asked€her€to€write€them€down.€€She€said€that€Phillip€andÏNeal€told€her€the€names.€€She€could€not€recall€the€reason€they€made€the€list.€€SheÏsaid€that€she€did€not€know€the€victim.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àPhillip€Taylor,€the€defendantððs€brother,€testified€that€he€met€with€ChrisÏAllen€and€Neal€Worthington€at€Amanda€Rosenbaumððs€house€and€that€he€asked€themÏabout€the€boys€the€victim€had€been€with.€€He€said€that€Neal€and€Chris€gave€AmandaÏthe€list€of€names€to€write€down.€€He€said€that€Neal€and€Chris€also€pointed€to€eachÏother€when€asked€if€there€was€anyone€else€the€victim€had€had€sexual€intercourseÏwith.€€On€cross„examination,€Phillip€admitted€that€Chris€and€Neal€did€not€have€anyÏactual€knowledge€that€the€victim€had€sexual€intercourse€with€the€listed€boys,€but€thatÏthe€list€was€based€on€what€they€had€heard.ÌÌà àJustin€(J.J.)€Santulli€testified€that€he€and€the€victim€were€friends€and€thatÏhe€picked€on€her€concerning€her€relationships€with€boys€and€about€sex.€€He€deniedÏhaving€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim€and€stated€that€he€had€no€personalÏknowledge€of€any€individuals€with€whom€she€has€had€sexual€intercourse.€€He€statedÏthat€they€joked€about€sex€but€that€she€never€told€him€who€were€her€sexual€partners.€€€€€ÌÌà àWalter€Steven€Taylor,€the€defendantððs€brother,€testified€that€on€the€nightÏbefore€the€rape,€the€defendant€and€victim€were€at€his€house€holding€hands.€€He€saidÏhe€left€the€room€for€a€minute€and€when€he€came€back€they€were€kissing.€€He€statedÏthat€the€kissing€appeared€to€be€consensual€and€that€the€victim€was€groping€theÏdefendant.€€On€cross„examination,€Walter€stated€that€he€did€not€say€anything€to€hisÏbrother€about€his€relationship€with€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€his€brother€was€thirtyÏyears€old.ÌÌà àDonny€Hensley€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€are€friends.€€HeÏstated€that€he€and€the€defendant€were€at€the€victimððs€sisterððs€house€one€night€whileÏthe€victimððs€sister€was€on€the€telephone€trying€to€set€up€a€date€between€him€and€theÏvictim.€€He€denied€being€interested€in€dating€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€he€saw€theÏvictim€hugging€and€kissing€the€defendant€in€a€restaurant€parking€lot€one€night.€€LanellÍKennedy,€the€victimððs€sister,€testified€that€Donny€Hensley€was€at€her€house€that€nightÏand€wanted€to€talk€to€the€victim.€€Ì€Ìà@ àò òIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506(b)€is€unconstitutionallyÏvague€in€violation€of€the€due€process€clause€of€the€14th€Amendment€of€the€UnitedÑ€/ÑÇStates€Constitution€and€Article€1,€Section€8€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€TheÏdefense€to€statutory€rape€found€in€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506(b)× ƒ0 ××  ×›€provides:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àIt€is€a€defense€to€prosecution€under€this€section€that€theÏvictim€was€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€offense€at€leastÏfourteen€(14)€years€of€age€and€had,€prior€to€the€time€of€theÏalleged€offense,€engaged€promiscuously€in€sexualÏpenetration.Ì€ÌÓ  ÓÓÓThe€defendant€argues€that€the€statuteððs€failure€to€define€promiscuity€allows€a€trial€courtÏto€define€the€defense€arbitrarily€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€œview€of›€of€promiscuity€in€thisÏcase€is€so€vague€as€to€deprive€persons€of€common€intelligence€of€adequate€warningÏas€to€what€constitutes€a€defense€under€the€statute.€€The€state€argues€that€any€issuesÏregarding€the€unconstitutionality€of€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506€have€been€waived€by€theÏdefendantððs€failure€to€raise€the€issue€prior€to€trial.€€In€the€alternative,€the€state€arguesÏthat€the€statutory€defense€of€promiscuity€is€not€unconstitutionally€vague€and€that€anyÏapparent€vagueness€has€been€cured€by€recent€judicial€construction.€Ìà àÌà àIn€òòState€v.€œRhoden›óó,€739€S.W.2d€6,€10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987),€this€courtÏheld€that€the€failure€to€raise€a€constitutional€challenge€to€a€statute€in€a€pretrial€motionÏresults€in€a€waiver€of€the€issue€on€appeal.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòStateÏv.€Farmeróó,€675€S.W.2d€212,€214€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984).€€Our€review€of€the€recordÏreflects€that€the€defendant€did€not€attack€the€constitutionality€of€the€statute€until€hisÍmotion€for€a€new€trial.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€waived.€€òòœRhoden›óó,€739€S.W.2d€at€10.€ÏHowever,€we€will€address€the€issue€on€its€merits.ÌÌà àDue€process€does€not€require€that€a€statute€be€drafted€with€absoluteÏprecision.€€òòState€v.€McDonaldóó,€534€S.W.2d€650,€651€(Tenn.€1976),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€425ÏU.S.€955,€96€S.€Ct.€1733,€1748€(1976).€€ð ðAll€the€Due€Process€Clause€requires€is€thatÏthe€law€give€sufficient€warning€that€men€may€conduct€themselves€so€as€to€avoid€thatÏwhich€is€forbidden.ðð€€òòRose€v.€Lockeóó,€423€U.S.€48,€50,€96€S.€Ct.€243,€244€(1976).€€InÏòòState€v.€Hoodóó,€868€S.W.2d€744,€747€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€œthis›€court€œstated€thatÏpromiscuity€ð ðdenotes€not€only€multiple€partners,€but€indiscriminate,€casual€[sexual]Ïconduct€not€involving€love€or€a€similar€emotionally€intimate€aspect.ð𛀀This€definition€ofÏthe€œpromiscuity›€sufficiently€alerts€individuals€to€the€proof€that€is€required€to€show€theÏdefense.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€the€promiscuity€defense€found€in€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506(b)€is€not€unconstitutionally€vague.€€€ÌÌà àAs€applied€to€this€defendant€,€the€trial€courtððs€definition€of€promiscuity€isÏconsistent€with€œthis€courtððs›€holding€in€òòHoodóó.€€The€trial€court€œheld›€that€promiscuousÏsexual€intercourse€denotes€a€variety€of€sexual€partners€but€stated€that€evidence€ofÏnumerous€partners€may€not€justify€a€finding€of€promiscuity.€€It€also€stated€that€theÏconduct€must€have€some€casual€aspect€to€it€and€not€œmerely€result›€from€a€datingÏrelationship€in€which€sexual€intercourse€often€occurs.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€theÍtrial€courtððs€definition€of€the€promiscuity€defense€was€not€unconstitutionally€vague€asÏapplied€to€the€defendantððs€case.€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà@ àò òIIó óÌà àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506€should€be€heldÏunconstitutional€because€the€promiscuity€defense€shifts€the€burden€of€persuasion€toÏthe€defendant€in€violation€of€due€process.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€thatÏthe€defense€had€not€been€established€by€proof€of€the€victimððs€three€prior€acts€ofÏunchastity€unconstitutionally€shifted€the€burden€of€persuasion€to€the€defendant€toÏprove€his€innocence.€€The€state€argues€that€this€issue€has€been€waived€by€theÏdefendantððs€failure€to€raise€the€issue€prior€to€trial.€€In€the€alternative,€the€state€arguesÏthat€the€statutory€defense€of€promiscuity€does€not€œimpermissibly›€shift€the€burden€ofÏpersuasion€but€merely€places€a€burden€of€production€upon€the€defendant€before€theÏstate€is€required€to€negate€the€defense.€ÌÌà àAs€with€the€defendantððs€first€challenge€to€the€constitutionality€of€theÏstatute,€the€defendant€failed€to€raise€this€objection€prior€to€trial€and€the€issue€isÏwaived.€€òòœRhoden›óó,€739€S.W.2d€at€10.€€Furthermore,€we€agree€with€the€state€that€theÏdefense€of€promiscuity€does€not€unconstitutionally€shift€the€burden€of€persuasion€toÏthe€defendant.€€As€this€court€explained€in€òòHoodóó,€the€defense€of€promiscuity€is€ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àa€general€defense€which€must€only€be€fairly€raised€by€theÏproof€before€being€considered€by€the€trier€of€fact€and€anyÏreasonable€doubt€on€the€issue€requires€an€acquittal.€.€.€.€Ï[œO]nce›€the€defense€is€at€issue,€ð ðthe€state€must€proveÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defense€does€notÏapply.ðð€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòHoodóó,€868€S.W.2d€748€(citations€omitted).ÌÌà àœAlso,›€the€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€gave€appropriateÏconsideration€to€the€defense€of€promiscuity€as€a€general€defense.€€At€the€close€ofÏproof€the€defendant€asked€for€a€clarification€of€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€regarding€theÏdefense€of€promiscuity.€€The€trial€court€stated€that€there€was€no€reasonable€doubtÏregarding€the€victimððs€promiscuity.€€It€found€œthat›€even€assuming€the€victim€had€threeÏsexual€partners€before€the€present€incident,€these€instances€occurred€in€the€context€ofÏdating€relationships€and€did€not€show€any€casual€activity.€€There€is€nothing€in€theÏrecord€to€reflect€that€the€trial€courtððs€consideration€of€the€victimððs€promiscuityÏunconstitutionally€shifted€the€burden€of€persuasion€to€the€defendant€to€prove€hisÏinnocence.€€€ÌÌÌà@ àò òIIIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€there€is€insufficient€evidence€to€support€hisÏconviction€for€statutory€rape.€€He€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€present€any€evidenceÍof€the€defendantððs€age€and€that€reasonable€doubt€exists€concerning€the€victimððsÏpromiscuity.€€The€state€argues€that€proof€of€the€defendantððs€age€was€shown€throughÏthe€testimony€of€the€defendantððs€brother€and€that€the€trial€court€had€ample€opportunityÏto€observe€the€defendant€on€the€day€of€trial€and€to€infer€that€the€defendant€was€at€leastÏfour€years€older€than€the€victim,€as€required€by€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„506.€€The€state€alsoÏargues€that€there€was€no€reasonable€doubt€of€the€victimððs€promiscuity.€€€ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€T.R.A.P.€13(e).€€As€Rule€13(e)€indicates,€thisÏstandard€applies€to€a€finding€of€guilt€resulting€from€either€a€jury€trial€or€a€bench€trial.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œHatchett›óó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€œFrahm›óó,€737€S.W.2dÏ799,€801€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,Ïbut€must€accredit€all€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€stateððs€position€and€view€all€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€giving€it€the€benefit€of€all€reasonableÏinferences.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àRegarding€the€defendantððs€argument€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€heÏwas€four€years€older€than€the€victim€we€note€that,€during€the€stateððs€case„in„chief,€theÍvictim€testified€that€she€and€the€defendant€had€œsexual€intercourse›€when€she€wasÏsixteen€years€old.€€During€the€defendantððs€proof,€the€state€elicited€the€defendantððs€ageÏfrom€the€defendantððs€brother€during€cross„examination€when€he€testified€that€theÏdefendant€was€thirty€years€old.€€Under€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„201(d),€evidence€producedÏduring€direct€examination€or€cross„examination€may€be€used€by€either€party.€€In€theÏlight€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€state€presented€sufficient€proof€of€the€defendantððsÏage€to€support€a€finding€that€a€statutory€rape€occurred€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏT.R.A.P.€13(e).€€€€€ÌÌà àBased€upon€the€findings€of€the€trial€court€and€our€standard€of€review,€weÏhold€that€the€trial€court€could€have€found€that€the€victim€had€not€engaged€inÏpromiscuous€sexual€intercourse.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€victim€œhad€had›€sexualÏintercourse€on€two€occasions€prior€to€the€rape,€accrediting€the€testimony€of€the€victim.€ÏIt€stated€that€it€did€not€really€believe€the€testimony€of€the€third€witness€who€claimed€toÏhave€had€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim.€€We€will€not€reweigh€the€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses€on€appeal.€€Furthermore,€even€if€the€trial€court€had€found€œthat,€as€theÏdefense€proof€indicated,›€the€victim€œhad€had›€sexual€œintercourse€three€times,›€this€couldÏstill€lead€to€a€conclusion€that€the€victim€had€not€engaged€in€promiscuous€sexualÏœintercourse.›€€òòHoodóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€748.€€The€victim€in€this€case€had€sexual€intercourseÏtwice€during€a€period€of€two€years€before€the€event€at€issue.€€As€the€trial€court€noted,Ïthe€incidents€seemed€to€have€occurred€in€the€context€of€a€dating€relationship€andÍwere€not€particularly€casual€in€nature.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€inÏthis€case€could€rationally€lead€to€a€finding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€victimÏhad€not€engaged€in€promiscuous€sexual€intercourse.€€€€€à àœÌ›Ìà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏjudgment€of€conviction€is€affirmed.̛̜à àœ›ÓÓà àà àà àà àà àœòò›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌœ›ÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€(Not€participating)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJerry€Scott,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌòòœ›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge€à àà à€€