ÿWPCþ …# VU>a %Ÿ 0í¥UB’ 4Ô è n­÷ U:¤ w@Þ  U.& 0JT 0Tž 0^ò 0hP 0r¸ 0|* 0†¦ 0, 1u¼ 0d1U6•U.ËB)ùDC" Be AM‚`Ïf/v~• D3vÓF 0@ AOYƨ 0Dn D/² Bá˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiÔ¡¨ 3|x‹«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular yz{|}~€le‚Ó€%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New< Œ 9p`(Courier% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ VÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌJuly€30,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\ÑPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h%%%%'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€""Xd#ÑÑ#€""Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔÑ7€ <í XXdæXXdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€&'$A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€AUGUST€1996€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€01C01„9505„CR„00155Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHonorable€Seth€Norman,€Judge€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌEDWARD€M.€THOMPSON,€€à à)à à€(First€Degree€Murder€and€EspeciallyÏà àà àà àà àà à)à à€€Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€à àÌà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌLarry€B.€Hoover€à àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ500€Church€Streetà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌNashville,€TN€37219à àà àà àà àandà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àClinton€J.€MorganÌà àà àà àà àà àCounsel€for€the€StateÏà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€RobertsonÏParkwayà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àKymberly€Hattaway„HaasÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àWashington€SquareÌà àà àà àà àà à222€2nd€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÇà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÓÓÌà àThe€defendant,€Edward€M.€Thompson,€appeals€as€of€right€from€hisÏconvictions€by€a€jury€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€for€first€degree€murderÏand€especially€aggravated€robbery,€a€class€A€felony.€€He€received€a€life€sentence€forÏthe€murder€and€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€a€concurrent€eighteen„year€sentenceÏfor€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction.€€The€defendant€presents€theÏfollowing€issues€for€our€review:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 à(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€his€felonyÏmurder€conviction;ÌÌà8 à(2)€whether€the€court€erred€by€excluding€the€victimððs€priorÏconvictions.€ÌÌà8 à(3)€whether€the€prosecuting€attorney€committedÏprosecutorial€misconduct€by€referring€to€inadmissibleÏevidence€during€her€closing€argument.ÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓWe€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€the€felony€murder€and€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery€of€Maurice€Jordan.€€At€trial,€Officer€David€Debout€of€the€NashvilleÏMetropolitan€Police€Department€testified€that€he€found€the€victim€lying€on€an€interstateÏramp€at€10:35€p.m.€on€June€11,€1993.€€He€recalled€that€the€victimððs€body€was€half€onÏthe€ramp,€across€the€white€line,€and€half€on€the€shoulder.€€He€noticed€small€holes€inÏthe€victimððs€back.€€He€checked€for€other€evidence€at€the€scene€but€found€nothing.€ÌÌà àSean€Jackson,€a€friend€of€the€victim,€testified€that€the€victim€house„sat€forÏhim€while€he€was€out€of€town€in€June€1993.€€Jackson€admitted€that€he€was€involved€inÏselling€drugs€during€that€time.€€He€said€that€he€had€given€the€victim€his€pager€in€caseÏanyone€called€about€a€drug€deal.€€He€estimated€that€three€ounces€of€cocaine€wouldÏhave€sold€for€$3,000€to€$3,500€and€said€that€he€doubted€that€he€would€have€been€ableÏto€obtain€such€a€large€amount€of€cocaine.ÌÌà àThe€victimððs€mother€testified€that€she€last€saw€the€victim€four€days€beforeÏhis€death,€when€she€and€the€victimððs€father€had€let€the€victim€use€their€ChevroletÏBlazer.€€She€said€that€the€victim€was€respectful€of€their€property€and€that€he€would€notÏhave€allowed€anyone€else€to€drive€it.€€She€said€that€she€received€the€Blazer€back€afterÏthe€victimððs€death€and€did€not€find€any€evidence€that€a€weapon€had€been€fired€in€it.€ÏShe€also€recalled€that€the€victimððs€wallet€did€not€have€any€money€in€it€when€sheÏreceived€it€after€the€victimððs€death.€€She€testified€that€the€victim€had€been€in€trouble€forÏselling€drugs€when€he€was€nineteen„years€old€but€that€to€her€knowledge€he€did€notÏcontinue€to€sell€drugs€after€that€time.ÌÌà àMichael€Steel,€a€friend€of€the€defendantððs,€testified€that€he€was€living€atÏthe€defendantððs€sisterððs€apartment€in€June€1993.€€He€recalled€that€the€defendant€andÏMichael€Gordon€came€to€the€apartment€between€11:00€p.m.€and€midnight€on€June€11,Í1993.€€He€said€that€they€had€a€cellular€phone€and€a€white€powdery€substance€thatÏappeared€to€be€cocaine.€€He€said€that€he€saw€the€defendant€use€the€phone€and€thatÏthe€defendant€told€him€that€he€got€the€phone€from€a€Blazer€on€an€interstate€exit.€€SteelÏtestified€that€he€did€not€recall€telling€Detective€Pridemore€that€the€defendant€told€himÏthat€the€defendant€had€set€up,€robbed,€and€killed€a€man€named€Maurice.€€He€said€thatÏhe€remembered€telling€Detective€Pridemore€that€both€the€defendant€and€Gordon€hadÏguns€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.€€He€also€recalled€that€he€saw€the€defendant€driving€aÏBlazer€three€or€four€days€after€the€shooting€and€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€hadÏsold€the€cellular€phone.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Steel€testified€that€he€only€heard€the€defendantÏsay€something€about€a€robbery.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€did€not€tell€him€that€he€setÏup,€robbed,€and€killed€a€man.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendantððs€girlfriend€testified€that€she€saw€the€defendant€with€aÏdark„colored€Blazer,€a€cellular€phone€and€a€lot€of€money€after€June€11,€1993.€€SheÏrecalled€that€the€defendant€purchased€clothes€with€the€money€and€said€that€it€wasÏunusual€for€the€defendant€to€have€a€lot€of€money.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€told€herÏthat€the€Blazer€belonged€to€a€friend€and€that€he€had€bought€the€cellular€phone.€€SheÏrecalled€that€the€defendant€gave€her€the€cellular€phone€to€use€while€he€wentÍvacationing€in€Florida€with€his€family€for€approximately€a€week.€€She€said€that€theÏdefendant€took€the€phone€from€her€after€he€returned€from€his€trip.€€ÌÌÓ ` °Òh—X Óà àOfficer€Greg€Adams€of€the€Nashville€Metropolitan€Police€DepartmentÏtestified€that€he€was€at€the€Litton€Avenue€Apartments€between€11:20€and€11:30€p.m.€onÏJune€11,€1993,€when€he€saw€Michael€Gordon€drive€up€in€a€dark€blue€Ford.€€He€testifiedÏthat€Gordon€left€the€car€when€he€began€to€approach.€€Officer€Adams€said€that€he€triedÏto€arrest€Gordon€because€he€thought€he€saw€drugs€in€the€car.€€He€said€that€he€andÏGordon€fought€and€that€Gordon€eventually€got€away€from€him.€€He€searched€the€carÏand€found€scales,€a€pillowcase€with€two€fully€loaded€hand€guns€in€it,€and€a€smallÏamount€of€a€substance€that€appeared€to€be€crack€cocaine.€€The€guns,€a€thirty„eightÏrevolver€and€a€twenty„five€millimeter€semi„automatic€pistol,€were€introduced€at€trial.ÏOfficer€Adams€testified€that€the€substance€he€found€later€tested€negative€for€cocaine.€€ÌÌà àA€T.B.I.€Forensic€Scientist€testified€that€both€the€pistol€and€revolver€wereÏfunctioning€properly.€€He€also€identified€three€spent€bullets€that€he€determined€hadÏbeen€fired€from€the€pistol.Ì€Ìà àDetective€Bill€Pridemore€testified€about€his€investigation€into€theÏshooting.€€He€subpoenaed€the€victimððs€phone€records€and€learned€that€the€victimððsÏphone€had€been€used€hundreds€of€times€since€the€victimððs€death.€€He€said€that€the€lastÍcall€the€victim€placed€on€the€phone€was€at€10:05€p.m.€on€the€night€of€the€shooting€andÏthat€another€call€was€made€that€night€at€10:38€p.m.€€€As€a€result€of€his€review€of€theÏphone€records,€Detective€Pridemore€interviewed€Michael€Steel€on€July€19,€1993.€ÏSteel€gave€the€detective€the€defendantððs€and€Michael€Gordonððs€names.€€DetectiveÏPridemore€said€that€he€left€his€card€and€beeper€number€with€Steel€and€told€him€that€heÏwanted€to€talk€to€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà àDetective€Pridemore€testified€that€the€defendant€contacted€him€on€theÏbeeper€later€that€day.€When€he€returned€the€call,€the€defendant€answered€the€phoneÏand€identified€himself.€€Detective€Pridemore€said€that€the€defendant€admitted€to€himÏthat€he€had€shot€a€man€and€agreed€to€turn€himself€in€the€next€morning.€€DetectiveÏPridemore€said€that€the€defendant€did€not€claim€that€the€shooting€was€in€self„defenseÏduring€the€phone€conversation.€€When€the€detective€met€with€the€defendant€the€nextÏday,€the€defendant€waived€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€and€gave€a€video„taped€statement.€€€TheÏstatement€was€played€for€the€jury.€€In€it,€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€shot€the€victimÏbut€said€that€he€did€so€in€self„defense.ÌÌà àDr.€Charles€Harlan,€the€Chief€Medical€Examiner€of€the€State€ofÏTennessee,€testified€that€the€victim€died€as€the€result€of€three€gunshot€wounds€he€hadÏreceived.€€€Dr.€Harlan€identified€the€three€bullets€he€recovered€from€the€body.€€HeÏexplained€that€one€of€the€victimððs€wounds€was€caused€by€a€gun€being€fired€more€thanÍtwenty„four€inches€away€from€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€bullet€entered€the€bodyÏslightly€inside€the€left€shoulder€blade,€fifty„five€and€a€half€inches€above€the€victimððs€heelÏand€two€inches€left€of€his€midline.€€According€to€Dr.€Harlan,€the€bullet€traveled€throughÏthe€victimððs€left€lung€and€was€recovered€in€the€lateral€left€chest€wall.€€He€said€that€theÏbullet€had€traveled€downward€two€and€a€half€inches€to€fifty„three€inches€above€theÏvictimððs€heel.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Harlan€described€another€of€the€victimððs€wounds€as€being€caused€byÏa€shot€that€was€fired€from€a€distance€of€four€to€eight€inches€away€from€the€victim.€€HeÏsaid€that€the€bullet€from€that€shot€entered€the€defendantððs€back€fifty„one€and€a€halfÏinches€above€his€heel€and€four€and€a€half€inches€left€of€his€midline.€€It€traveled€throughÏthe€defendantððs€left€lung,€left€ventricle€of€his€heart,€diaphragm€and€pericardial€sac.€€TheÏbullet€was€recovered€from€the€chest€wall€and€had€traveled€upward€two€and€a€halfÏinches€to€fifty„four€inches€above€the€victimððs€heel.€€ÌÌà àThe€third€wound€Dr.€Harlan€described€was€caused€by€the€gun€being€firedÏfrom€between€twelve€to€twenty„four€inches€away€from€the€victimððs€body.€€The€shotÏentered€the€victimððs€back€forty„eight€and€a€half€inches€above€his€heel€and€to€the€right€ofÏhis€midline.€€According€to€Dr.€Harlan,€the€bullet€traveled€from€left€to€right€and€downwardÏthree€and€a€half€inches,€completing€its€travel€at€forty„five€inches€above€the€victimððsÏheel.ÌÌà àDr.€Harlan€also€identified€pictures€showing€the€gunshot€wounds€andÏother€scrapes€and€abrasions€on€the€victimððs€body.€€Harlan€explained€that€the€outsideÏarea€of€the€victimððs€right€elbow€and€the€middle€portion€of€his€left€forearm€containedÏabrasions€that€were€consistent€with€the€victimððs€body€being€scraped€across€some€firmÏsurface€such€as€an€asphalt€road.€€The€victim€had€similar€areas€of€abrasions€on€hisÏknees,€right€shoulder,€and€on€his€left€hand€and€wrist.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€consistently€with€the€statement€he€had€givenÏDetective€Pridemore.€He€recalled€that€he€paged€the€victim€to€buy€four€ounces€ofÏcocaine.€€He€said€that€the€victim€agreed€to€meet€with€him€at€a€McDonaldððs€restaurant€Ïand€indicated€that€he€had€the€cocaine.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€and€MichaelÏGordon€went€to€McDonaldððs€in€his€sisterððs€car€and€that€the€victim€arrived€driving€aÏBlazer€and€parked€next€to€them.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€and€Gordon€got€into€theÏBlazer€and€that€the€victim€told€him€that€they€needed€to€get€the€cocaine.€€The€defendantÏrecalledÑ€(ÑÇthat€he€sat€in€the€back€seat€of€the€Blazer€and€that€Gordon€sat€in€the€front€seat.€€He€saidÏthat€Gordon€had€a€pillowcase€with€a€set€of€scales€in€it.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he,€Gordon,€and€the€victim€left€McDonaldððs€inÏthe€Blazer€with€the€victim€driving.€€He€said€that€the€victim€pulled€out€an€old,€rustyÏrevolver€while€he€was€driving€and€ordered€Gordon€and€the€defendant€to€empty€theirÏpockets.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€complied€and€placed€his€money€on€the€BlazerððsÏconsole.€€He€recalled€that€the€victim€was€pointing€a€gun€at€Gordon€but€was€watchingÏhim€through€the€rear„view€mirror.€€He€said€that€the€victim€drove€into€a€Krystalððs€parkingÏlot€and€ordered€Gordon€to€drive.€€The€defendant€said€that€the€victim€walked€around€theÏBlazer€and€got€in€on€the€passenger€side.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€pulled€out€anÏautomatic€pistol€he€had€with€him€and€covered€it€with€his€hand€while€the€victim€walkedÏaround€the€front€of€the€Blazer.€€He€said€that€the€victim€ordered€Gordon€to€get€on€theÏinterstate.ÌÌà àAccording€to€the€defendant,€the€victim€sat€sideways€in€the€passenger€seatÏand€watched€Gordon€and€him.€€The€defendant€said€that€the€victim€turned€as€theyÏapproached€the€interstate€and€that€the€victim€leaned€forward€when€he€turned€back.ÏThe€defendant€testified€that€he€shot€the€victim€around€five€times€when€the€victim€leanedÏforward.€€He€said€that€the€victim€opened€the€door€when€he€started€shooting€andÏjumped€out€of€the€Blazer.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€recalled€that€Gordon€dropped€him€off€after€the€shootingÏand€that€he€used€the€victimððs€phone€to€call€someone€to€get€him.€€He€said€that€he€wentÏback€to€McDonaldððs€to€get€his€sisterððs€car€and€then€went€to€his€sisterððs€apartment.€ÏGordon€was€at€the€apartment€when€he€arrived.€€He€said€that€Gordon€told€him€that€heÏhad€found€some€cocaine€in€the€Blazer.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€and€Gordon€wentÏto€the€Blazer€to€split€up€the€cocaine€but€discovered€that€it€was€not€real.€€He€testified€thatÏhe€saw€Gordon€again€later€that€night,€after€Gordon€had€been€chased€by€a€policeÏofficer.€€He€said€that€Gordon€informed€him€that€the€police€had€been€after€him€and€thatÏhe€had€left€the€pistol€in€his€car.€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€€testified€that€he€shot€the€victim€because€he€thought€theÏvictim€was€going€to€kill€him€and€Gordon.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€shoot€the€victim€atÏKrystalððs€when€he€was€getting€into€the€Blazer€because€he€was€afraid€that€the€victimÏwould€shoot€him€back.€€The€defendant€explained€that€the€twenty„five€millimeter€pistolÏhe€used€in€the€shooting€belonged€to€Gordon.€€He€said€that€he€and€Gordon€both€usuallyÏcarry€a€nine€millimeter€pistol€but€that€he€had€borrowed€Gordonððs€smaller€pistol€thatÏnight€because€he€was€wearing€shorts.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€had€not€seenÏGordon€carry€a€revolver€since€he€was€fifteen€or€sixteen€years€old.ÌÌ€€à àThe€defendant€recalled€that€Gordon€called€him€two€or€three€days€after€theÏshooting€and€drove€the€Blazer€to€get€him.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€he€drove€theÏBlazer€some€and€eventually€left€it€in€West€Nashville.€€He€also€admitted€that€he€and€hisÏgirlfriend€used€the€victimððs€phone€a€lot.€€ÌÌà àDuring€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€the€revolver€thatÏhad€been€introduced€into€evidence€may€have€been€the€one€the€victim€used€on€theÏnight€of€the€shooting.€€Although€he€had€testified€that€the€victim€had€used€a€rustyÏrevolver,€he€admitted€that€the€revolver€that€was€in€evidence€only€had€rust€in€itsÏchamber€and€around€its€barrel.€€He€explained€that€he€saw€the€rust€on€the€victimððs€gunÏwhen€the€victim€got€out€of€the€Blazer€at€Krystalððs.€€He€recalled€that€the€victim€had€theÏgun€in€his€hand€when€he€was€shot€but€testified€that€he€did€not€know€what€happened€toÏthe€gun€when€the€victim€left€the€truck.€€€He€said€that€he€did€not€tell€the€police,€MichaelÏSteel,€or€his€girlfriend€immediately€after€the€shooting€that€he€had€shot€a€man€in€self„defense.ÌÇà@ àò òIÌà àó óà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÏhis€conviction€for€first€degree€murder€because€the€proof€established€that€he€acted€inÏself„defense.€€We€disagree.€€Although€the€defendant€claimed€that€he€was€forced€toÏshoot€the€victim€after€the€victim,€while€driving€the€Blazer,€robbed€both€him€and€MichaelÏGordon€at€gunpoint,€the€jury€obviously€did€not€accredit€this€version€of€events.ÌÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ï319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€the€evidence,Ïbut€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allÏreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,Ï676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).€€€ÌÌà àWhen€viewed€in€this€light,€the€proof€at€trial€showed€that€the€defendant€andÏMichael€Gordon€met€with€the€victim.€€The€defendant€shot€the€victim€three€times€in€theÏback,€and€he€and€Gordon€took€the€Blazer€that€the€victim€had€been€driving.€€TheÏdefendant€then€used€the€victimððs€phone€to€make€arrangements€to€pick€up€the€car€heÍhad€driven€to€meet€the€victim.€€Once€he€reached€the€car,€he€drove€to€his€sisterððsÏapartment€where€he€reunited€with€Michael€Gordon€to€share€any€drugs€that€were€foundÏin€the€Blazer.€€After€the€shooting,€the€defendant€possessed€an€unusually€large€amountÏof€money,€used€the€victimððs€phone€extensively,€and€drove€the€Blazer.€€Under€theseÏfacts,€the€jury€was€justified€in€finding€that€the€defendant€killed€the€victim€during€aÏrobbery€and€not€in€self„defense.€€We€hold€that€sufficient€evidence€supports€his€firstÏdegree€murder€conviction.€€Ìà@ àò òIIÌó óà àThe€defendant€also€contests€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€admit€the€victimððsÏprior€drug€convictions.€€€The€trial€court€excluded€the€convictions€because€it€concludedÏthat€they€were€irrelevant€because€their€probative€value€was€too€speculative.€€We€agreeÏwith€the€trial€courtððs€assessment.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€victimððs€convictions€were€relevant€toÏshow€that€the€victim€was€a€drug€dealer€who€was€capable€of€selling€a€large€amount€ofÏcocaine.€€€He€argues€that€the€victimððs€ability€to€obtain€large€quantities€of€cocaineÏsupports€his€theory€of€the€case€that€the€victim€decided€to€rob€him€and€Michael€GordonÏbecause€he€did€not€have€enough€cocaine€to€fulfill€the€transaction.€€ÌÌà àEvidence€is€relevant€if€it€has€ð ðany€tendency€to€make€the€existence€of€anyÏfact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€more€probable€or€lessÍprobable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€401.€€In€our€view,€theÏvictimððs€prior€drug€convictions€do€not€meet€this€test.€€We€disagree€with€the€defendantððsÏassertion€that€the€victimððs€prior€drug€convictions€have€any€tendency€to€show€that€theÏvictim€was€unable€to€obtain€drugs€on€the€night€of€the€shooting€or€that€the€victim€tried€toÏrob€the€defendant€and€Gordon.€€The€trial€court€properly€excluded€the€convictions.ÌÌà@ àò òIIIÌà àó óNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€prosecuting€attorney€committedÏprosecutorial€misconduct€during€her€closing€argument€by€referring€to€excludedÏevidence.€€The€trial€court€sustained€the€defendantððs€objection€to€Detective€PridemoreÏtestifying€about€what€Michael€Steel€had€told€him€regarding€the€defendantððs€statementsÏon€the€night€of€the€shooting.€€During€closing€argument,€the€prosecuting€attorney€statedÏthe€following:ÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àNow,€Michael€Steel€refused€to€admit€to€you,€he€said€heÏdidnððt€remember€that€he€had€told€Detective€PridemoreÏwithin€days€of€the€murder€that€Mr.€Thompson€told€him€thatÏhe€had€ð ðset€up,€robbed€and€killed€a€manðð€at€this€exact€area.€ÏHe€said€ð ðI€donððt€remember€telling€him€that.ðð€€He€did€say,€ð ðIÏremember€telling€Detective€Pridemore€that€Mr.€ThompsonÏtold€me€that€Mr.€Gordon€and€Mr.€Thompson€each€had€aÏweapon.ðð€ÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓThe€defendant€asserts€that€these€comments€were€designed€to€convey€to€the€jury€that,Ïhad€the€trial€court€not€stopped€him€from€doing€so,€Detective€Pridemore€would€haveÏtestified€that€Steel€told€him€that€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€had€set€up,€robbed€andÏkilled€a€man.€ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€defendant€failed€to€object€to€the€closingÏargument€at€trial€and€has€thus€waived€the€issue.€€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€36(a).€€In€any€event,€theÏdefendant€also€failed€to€object€when€the€prosecuting€attorney€asked€Steel€whether€heÏtold€Detective€Pridemore€that€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€had€set€up,€robbed,€andÏkilled€a€man.€€In€this€respect,€the€prosecutorððs€reference€to€Steelððs€inability€to€recallÏmaking€such€statements€was€a€permissible€comment€on€the€evidence€that€did€notÏconstitute€misconduct.€€To€the€extent€the€state€was€summarizing€the€testimony€at€trial,Ïthe€argument€was€entirely€proper.€€ÌÌà àOn€the€other€hand,€we€recognize€that€the€prosecutorððs€statement€thatÏSteel€ð ðrefused€to€admitðð€that€he€told€Detective€Pridemore€that€the€defendant€confessedÏcould€be€interpreted€as€an€attempt€to€tell€the€jury€that€Steel€did€tell€Detective€PridemoreÏthat€the€defendant€made€such€statements.€€However,€the€ultimate€issue€is€not€whetherÏthe€argument€may€be€viewed€as€improper,€but€whether€the€jury€could€consider€theÏdefendant's€case€with€impartiality€despite€the€allegedly€improper€remark€by€theÏprosecutor.€€òòSeeóó€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).€€InÍconsidering€the€evidence€presented,€and€the€relatively€innocuous€statements€inÏquestion€in€relation€to€the€remainder€of€the€argument,€€we€conclude€that€the€defendantÏdid€not€suffer€improper€prejudice.ÌÌà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing,€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏjudgments€of€conviction€are€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóJohn€H.€Peay,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge€