ÿWPCÍ  ç)Û¹ DƵˆi$TXÛæfo}ã@wI9æ òÈÑKåÒ熌a/öŸz—Ø<¦;RüAëã(‘ÎaŠIvµJ:ÔR3ƒ¨h x)ôv :Úx§†>ã˜lâ|W«é¹Ø(Iñ þø¹Žj5v›€ø¤å¢=îHÚñfÇj‹•ˆ_ÃâfÁSNdD4<_éÇV7r Üp$âxé!ª‚—ô•F½˜D¡á¨û_y|W\-¬òRœ6óxõ†Üü`Zƃg)0+óWù?*©Ï³‰]™l ô¢ÛIv,B‡éhü9™#hkƒù”áØ¡50¯ë*•_·$€yÌAÐ)1[Ꙉðò ØHÙÖÔ¼þ ¾3ÊÌöÍE›Ñ3˜×úbPiˆOFa“ÍÍ~†Þ0ÎÌS5yhZfT~%k‹£0CY{âBöOFb8øƒ÷ŒÿR9P_åý'üQ½³úš2‰—'™2£jÈUkLâ;X!ËOðNü#oDgáLJ „A°ˆ«Vþò2(Ÿê§'÷ˆå†Íi-Q›´N*5Õ/Ü¥m²žO‡½cú²à‰Q°ohG­ÌM™•É}7 Õ ¯{©7Ädµ®‚…z<ÈV[¨Îpì ØJJv®¤eƒ$-#†vUNü %J 0(PExU:z4´ÈÈ 0l× 0DC‡ëŒU:w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w B± ± 0DÎ D3  B*E AMo Ƽ 0K‚ ˜HP LaserJet 4 Plus/4M PlusHPPCL5E,,,,0úØP ÿ6G?z::b (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular3e* dÔX\Ôô3|xT((2üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ûÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€majority€opinion€cites€several€threats€to€kill€the€victim€or€others€who€attempted€toÐ ° Ðget€his€baby.€€The€majority€opinion€also€cites€the€facts€that€defendant€carried€his€loaded€assaultÏrifle€around€in€his€car€while€he€was€looking€for€his€wife€on€October€25€and€26,€as€well€as€the€factÏthat€defendant€left€the€loaded€assault€rifle€in€the€living€room€of€his€trailer€easily€accessible€ifÏanyone€came€to€"get€his€baby". áÝ ƒ üÝ$Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Effective€July€1,€1995,€The€Tennessee€Legislature€amended€Tenn.€Code€Annotated€39„Ð ° Ð13„201€in€part€to€delete€the€element€of€deliberation., øð AZ‹"Arial Regular d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý$$$$'ÿÿdxd&ÿÿ0 d d+&,'A<< CÿÿLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó óÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑß8€))° °@8–d8ßß8€$)° °@8–d8ßÔ€X ;XXXÔÓÓÓ  ÓòòÑ7€ž¶XXdðXXdð7ÑCONCURRING€AND€DISSENTING€OPINIONóóÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àI€concur€with€each€of€the€conclusions€of€the€majority€except€as€to€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€evidence€to€establish€first€degree€murder.€€With€regard€to€that€issue,€I€respectfullyÏdissent.Ìà  àThere€is€no€evidence€in€this€record€which€would€support€the€conclusion€that€thisÏmurder€was€committed€after€cool€reflection,€with€a€mind€free€from€the€influence€of€theÏexcitement€of€passion.€€The€cool€purpose€necessary€for€the€element€of€deliberation€is€notÏshown€by€the€evidence.Ìà  àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€in€two€recent€unanimous€opinions€redefinedÏand€distinguished€two€distinct€and€essential€elements€of€first€degree€murder;€premeditationÏand€deliberation.€€Ô‡Xž¶XXX ;Ô€€òòÔ#†X ;XXXž¶L#ÔÔ€X ;XXX ;ÔState€„v„€Brownóó,€836€SW2d€530€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€„v„€Westóó,€844Ð P  ÐSW2d€144€(Tenn.€1992)€€Without€proof€of€each€of€these€essential€elements,€a€convictionÏof€first€degree€murder€cannot€be€upheld.€€×ƒ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð (x Ðà  àI€would€agree€with€the€majority€that,€taking€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€state,€the€jury€could€have€found€from€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantialÏevidence,€that€defendant€premeditated€the€killing;€i.e.,€he€had€formed€an€intent€or€designÏto€kill€prior€to€the€actual€killing.׃ p×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€each€of€the€facts€relied€upon€by€the€majority€toÐ ¨$ø Ðprove€premeditation€occurred€òòprior€to€the€snatchingóó€of€defendant's€child€by€the€victim€andÐ ˆ&Ø! Ðher€sister.€€In€order€to€find€deliberation,€there€must€be€proof€to€indicate€that€the€killing€itselfÏwas€committed€with€"cool€purpose",€with€a€mind€"free€from€the€influence€of€the€excitementÏof€passion,"€and€"free€from€the€passion€of€the€moment".€€Therefore,€if€we€are€to€findÏdeliberation€here,€it€must€be€found€from€evidence€of€facts€which€occurred€after€the€childÏsnatching.€€After€Nina€ran€from€the€trailer€with€"little€Ricky",€defendant€retrieved€his€RussianÐ è/8+) Ðß8€))° °ˆ6–d8ßß8€$)° °ˆ6–d8ßbuilt€SKS€semi„automatic€assault€rifle€from€the€living€room€floor.€€He€immediately€went€toÏthe€car,€arriving€as€the€car€doors€were€being€closed.€€He€pointed€the€rifle€at€Nina€and€toldÏher€to€give€him€the€child.€€Immediately,€Christy€blew€the€horn.€€At€the€sound€of€the€car€horn,ÏRicky€shot€into€the€car€striking€Christy€in€the€leg.€€A€melee€of€activity€erupted.€€Vanessa€ranÏfrom€the€car€and€Christy€got€out€of€the€car€and€ran€for€safety.€€At€the€same€time€Nina,€whoÏhad€already€gotten€out€of€the€car€with€"little€Ricky",€began€to€walk€away.€€Defendant€shotÏher€in€the€buttocks€at€close€range,€walked€to€her,€kicked€her€as€the€baby€began€to€crawlÏaway,€and€then€shot€her€numerous€times€as€she€lay€wounded€on€the€ground.€€Indeed,€aÏheinous€and€atrocious€killing,€but€not€a€deliberate€one.€€There€is€simply€no€evidence€of€theÏ"cool€purpose."Ìà  àIt€is€difficult€to€envision€a€set€of€circumstances€more€likely€to€engender€passion€inÏa€parent's€mind€than€the€snatching€of€a€child€by€one€parent€from€the€other€during€theÏemotional€turmoil€of€separation.Ìà  àA€telling€and€uncontradicted€fact€in€this€record€is€that€Ricky€Thompson,€immediately€Ïafter€shooting€his€wife€numerous€times€with€an€assault€rifle€as€she€lay€wounded€on€theÏground€in€close€proximity€to€the€child,€turned€his€gun€on€his€own€empty€motor€vehicle€andÏ"shot€the€hell€out€of€his€car."€€Hardly€the€act€of€a€mind,€"free€from€the€influence€of€theÏexcitement€of€passion,"€or,€"free€from€the€passion€of€the€moment."Ìà  àIn€òòBrownóó,€the€Supreme€Court€decried€the€recent€tendency€of€Appellate€Courts€toÐ p&À!! Ðblur€the€distinction€between€the€requirements€for€premeditation€and€the€requirements€forÏdeliberation.€€òòState€„v„€Brownóó,€836€SW2d€530€at€page€540,€541€(Tenn.€1992).€€TheÐ 0*€%% ÐSupreme€Court€in€òòBrownóó€quoted€with€emphasis€the€following€from€òòWarton'sóó:Ð ,`'' ÐÒŒ °ÒÒ" °ÒÓÓ'Deliberation'€is€the€process€of€carefully€weighing€suchÏmatters€as€the€wisdom€of€going€ahead€with€theÏproposed€killing,€the€manner€in€which€the€killing€will€beÏaccomplished,€the€consequences€which€may€beÏvisited€upon€the€killer€if€and€when€apprehended.€Ï'Deliberation'€is€present€if€the€thinking,€i.e,€theÏ'premeditation'€is€being€done€in€such€a€cool€mentalÏstate,€under€such€circumstances,€and€for€such€aÏperiod€of€time€as€to€permit€a€'careful€weighing'€of€theÏproposed€decisions.€€ÌÌC.€Torica€òòWarton's€Criminal€Lawóó,€section€140€(14thÐ @833 ÐEd.€1979)ÌÐ  :p55 ÐÒ°Œ ÒÒ°" ÒÓÓß8€))° °ˆ6–d8ßß8€$)° °ˆ6–d8ßà  àIn€òòBrownóó,€the€Court€said€that€the€element€of€deliberation€contemplates€a€lapse€ofÐ ° Ðtime€between€the€decision€to€kill€and€the€actual€killing.€€As€the€Court€in€òòBrownóó€pointed€out:€Ð à ÐÒŒ °ÒÒŒ °ÒÓÓ"the€deliberation€and€premeditation€must€be€akin€to€theÏdeliberation€and€premeditation€manifested€where€theÏmurder€is€by€poison€or€lying€in€wait€„„€the€cool€purposeÏmust€be€formed€and€the€deliberate€intention€conceivedÏin€the€mind,€in€the€absence€of€passion,€to€take€the€life€ofÏthe€person€slain."€€òòIdóó.€at€539€(quoting€òòRader€„v„€Stateóó,Ð  p Ð73€Tenn.€610,€619„20€(1880)).ÌÒA Œ ÒÌÒ°A ÒThe€Supreme€Court€in€òòBrownóó€also€held€that€:Ð ð@  ÐÌÒŒ °Ò"the€fact€that€repeated€blows€(or€shots)€were€inflicted€onÏthe€victim€is€not€sufficient,€by€itself,€to€establish€firstÏdegree€murder.€€Repeated€blows€can€be€delivered€inÏthe€heat€of€passion,€with€no€design€or€reflection.€€OnlyÏif€such€blows€are€inflicted€as€the€result€of€premeditationÏand€deliberation€can€they€be€said€to€prove€first€degreeÏmurder."€€òòIdóó.€at€€543.Ð pÀ ÐÌÌÒ°Œ ÒñTñÒ°Œ ÒñTñÓÓà  àThe€majority€opinion,€it€seems€to€me,€runs€afoul€of€the€Supreme€Court's€instructionÏin€òòBrownóó€that€we€must€not€blur€the€distinction€between€premeditation€and€deliberation.€€Ð  p ÐThe€circumstances€cited€by€the€majority€to€support€premeditation€and€deliberation€in€thisÏcase€do,€in€my€opinion,€support€a€finding€of€the€jury€of€premeditation.€€However,€I€wouldÏhold€that€there€is€no€evidence€of€deliberation€and€that€accordingly,€the€conviction€in€thisÏcase€should€be€reduced€to€second€degree€murder.ÌÓÓÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ à________________________________________Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àJOHN€A.€TURNBULLÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à€€SPECIAL€JUDGE